Propenal and propanone allylic alcohol are the two constitutional isomers that contain carbon-oxygen double bonds.
What exactly are isomers?
Isomers have chemical structures that are nearly identical but have different spatial arrangements.
A double bond connects the carbon and oxygen atoms in this isomer. Because both molecules contain allylic alcohol three carbon atoms, they can be referred to as prop. Propenal and propanone are names derived from the presence of an aldehyde and a ketone functional group.
Propenal and propanone are the two constitutional isomers with carbon-oxygen double bonds.
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1 moles of an ideal gas are in equilibrium at fixed pressure (e.g. 106 pa) and temperature (e.g. 300 k). 1) what is the derivative of the gas' g with respect to volume for those conditions? at fixed t,p,n dg/dv
The ideal gas derivative of the gas can't be defined since the volume is constant.
We need to know about the ideal gas theory to solve this problem. The ideal gas is assumed that there is no interaction between particles in a gas. It can be determined by the equation
P . V = n . R . T
where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles gas, R is the ideal gas constant (8.31 J/mol.K) and T is temperature.
From the question above, the given parameters are
P = 106 Pa
T = 300 K
n = 1 moles
Find the volume of gas
P . V = n . R . T
106 . V = 1 . 8.31 . 300
V = 23.52 m³
The volume is constant lead the change in volume being zero and the derivative of gas being undefined.
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How does matter change in a nuclear reaction?.
Nuclear reactions convert matter to energy, but the total sum of both mass and energy remains unchanged.
Energy changes accompany nuclear processes, just like they do chemical reactions. However, compared to even the most intense chemical reactions, the energy changes in nuclear reactions are immense. In actuality, the energy shifts in a typical nuclear reaction are so significant that they cause a quantifiable shift in mass. In a nuclear reaction, matter is never destroyed; rather, it is merely changed state. The smallest, most quantum levels of energy are what create matter, and this energy is transported from one location or condition to another.
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for which one of the following elements is the second ionization energy over ten times larger than its first ionization energy? explain why in at least a sentence.
High energy is needed for this. As a result, sodium's second ionization energy is the highest.
Where is the ionization energy?
The positive ionization energy of neutral atoms indicates that the action is endothermic. The ionization energy of an atom is inversely correlated with the separation of its outermost electrons from its nucleus. In physics, ionization energy is frequently expressed in electronvolts (eV) or joules (J)
What is ionization, exactly?
Any process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are changed into electrically charged atoms or molecules (ions) through the gain or loss of electrons is referred to as ionization in chemistry and physics.
In groups, the ionization energy drops while rising from left to right during the course of a period. Helium has the highest initial ionization energy as a result.
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a hydrogen atom is in its fifth excited state. the atom emits a 1090-nm photon. determine the maximum possible orbital angular momentum of the electron after emission.
The possible angular momentum was found to be √ 20 hbar.
Define angular momentum ?
If you try to balance on a bicycle without a kickstand, you will most likely fall off. However, as you start pedalling, these wheels gain angular momentum. They will oppose change, making balance more difficult.
The attribute of any rotating object given by moment of inertia times angular velocity is defined as angular momentum.
It is the attribute of a rotating body determined by the product of the rotating object's moment of inertia and angular velocity. It is a vector quantity, which means that the direction is taken into account in addition to the magnitude.
a vector quantity that is a measure of a rotating body's or system's rotational momentum, equivalent in classical physics to the product of the body's or system's angular velocity and moment of inertia with respect to the rotation axis, and oriented along the rotation axis.
The possible angular momentum was found to be √ 20 hbar.
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cis,cis-hexa-2,4-diene draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the tools (for bonds and charges), atoms, and templates toolbars.
Hexa-2,4-diene-1,6-diol,cis,cis- Muconic alcohol is the name of this Molecule.
What structure does 2-nitrophenol have?The chemical compound 2,4-Dinitrophenol (often known as 2,4-DNP or simply DNP) has the formula HOC6H3(NO2)2. It smells pleasant and musty and is a yellow, crystalline substance. It is soluble in the majority of organic solvents as well as aqueous alkaline solutions, sublimates, and is volatile with steam.
What is henna, 2 amino-4,6 dinitrophenol?Picric acid is a base that can be made into picramic acid, also known as 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol, by neutralizing it with an alcoholic solution of ammonium hydroxide. The resulting solution is then treated with hydrogen sulfide, which causes it to turn red and produce sulfur and red crystals.
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What is the best rule for preventing fires?.
Three things are required for a fire: heat, oxygen, and fuel. A fire cannot start or spread if there is no heat, oxygen, or fuel. Eliminating heat, oxygen, or fuel is a best for fire prevention approach.
To safeguard your home and the people you care about, you want to learn how to put out a fire. Of course, you can purchase more straightforward fire safety measures like smoke alarms, fire extinguishers, an escape plan, and even fireproof safe deposit boxes to safeguard your valuables.
Hence, the elimination of heat, oxygen and fuel will remove the chances of fire 100%
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What volume of a 2. 000 m hcl solution is needed to generate 100. 0 ml of a 0. 1000 m solution of hcl?.
The volume of HCl that is required to prepare the solution of 0.1M of 100ml is 5ml.
It is given that the molarity of the solution of HCl is 2M and the volume of solution that is needed to generate is 100ml with a molarity of 0.1M. Now we need to find the volume that is to be needed to prepare the solution of 100ml with 0.1M. For that, we need to use the following formula,
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
By substituting the given values into the formula, we get
2 x V₁ = 0.1 x 100
2V₁ = 10
V₁ = 10/2
V₁ = 5ml
Therefore, 5ml of HCl is required to prepare a solution of 0.1M of solution of 100ml.
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What are the 3 characteristics of Cubism?.
The Cubist movement rejected conventional perspective and foreshortening techniques in favor of a flat, the double plane for the picture plane.
What did Cubism's central concept entail?Without employing methods like framing or graduated shading to make their paintings appear realistic, the artists aimed to depict the entire structure of their subject matter. Instead of just showing how things appear, they sought to depict them as they actually are.
What, in plain terms, is cubism?Pablo Picasso & Georges Braque, two artists, created the cubism movement in about 1907–1908. It was a groundbreaking new method of depicting reality. They combined many perspectives of the same subject matter (typically objects or persons) to create artworks that look fractured and abstract.
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which of the following compounds are soluble in water? check all that apply. which of the following compounds are soluble in water?check all that apply. cus caco3 nh4i feso4
The two hydroxy groups in ethylene glycol combine with water to produce hydrogen bonds. Better hydrogen bonding amount and intensity, as well as greater water solubility.
In its most fundamental form, what is a hydrogen bond?
Hydrogen bonds are a particular type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, as opposed to forming a covalent bond with a hydrogen atom. It results from the attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bound to a very electronegative atom, such as an N, O, or F atom, and another extremely electronegative atom.
An example of a hydrogen bond
For instance, in the highly electronegative water molecules (H2O), hydrogen is chemically joined to the oxygen atom. As a result, the interaction between the hydrogen atoms in water molecules known as dipole-dipole
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ws 9 coordination compounds name part i. 1. name the following coordination compounds: a) k3[fecl6] b) [zn(h2o)6](no3)2 c) k[pt(nh3)cl3] d) [fe(c2o4)3] 3- e) [cu(h2o)2(nh3)2]co3 2. write the formula for each coordination compound: a) sodium tetracyanoaurate(iii) b) tetraamminedichloroaluminum bromide c) potassium hexanitrocobaltate(iii) d) hexamminenickel(ii) sulfate e) sodium tris(oxalato)chromate(iii) f) bis(ethylenediamine)copper(ii) chloride
The name of the coordination compound k3[fecl6] is potassium hexacyanoferrate (III).
A chemical compound was a substance that contains atoms from many chemical elements bonded together through chemical bonds. It is made up of numerous similar molecules. Thus, a molecule with just one type of atom would be never a compound.
The name of the compound is:
a) k3[fecl6] = potassium hexacyanoferrate (III)
b) [zn(h2o)6](no3)2 = zinc nitrate Hexahydrate
c) k[pt(nh3)cl3] = potassium triaminetrichloroplatinate(II)
d) [fe(c2o4)3] 3 = Potassium trioxalato Ferrate(III)
e) [cu(h2o)2(nh3)2]co3 = Pentaamminediaquacopper(II) chloride
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A sample of helium gas is stored in a tank at 18 atm and 20°c. How do these conditions compare to the conditions of a gas at stp?.
The conditions compared are higher pressure and higher temperature than STP.
1.Diffusion through a plane wall can be thought of as being one-dimensional since D≥L.
2. Quasi-steady diffusion occurs when pressure changes are slow enough to allow for the assumption of steady-state conditions for diffusion through fused silica at any given time.
3. The density of stationary medium is constant.
Helium, the lightest of the noble gases, has actually been discovered, and helium is the only element in the periodic table that has been discovered by astronomers.
4. Helium is the element in the upper right corner of the periodic table with atomic number 2. It is the first of the noble gas family. It contains
atomic orbitals and was named by Lockyer and Frankland. Its name comes from the Greek word "Helios" which means sun. Scientists knew that the sun had an enormous amount of helium in it before it was discovered.
5. Helium is classified as a noble gas because the outermost electron orbital is occupied by her two electrons. Helium is also found in lasers, compressed air tanks and nuclear reactor coolants.
6. Has the lowest boiling and melting points among other elements. When hydrogen fuses in a star, a large amount of helium is produced.
7. In the open air, helium exerts very little pressure.
8. Ideal gas behavior is displayed by helium.
PV=nRt
P∝ t
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the addition of hbr to an alkene in the presence of generates a radical intermediate. the regioselectivity of the reaction is governed by the tendency to form the substituted radical intermediate possible, resulting in the addition of br to the substituted c of the c
The addition of HBr to an alkene under free-radical conditions is governed by the addition of a Br atom to the alkene to give the most stable alkyl radical possible. The addition of HBr in the absence of radicals is governed by the addition of a proton to the double bond to give the most stable carbocation possible.
A carbocation is a molecule wherein a carbon atom has a fine fee and three bonds. we will basically say that they are carbon cations. formerly, it turned into referred to as carbonium ion. Carbocation these days is defined as any even-electron cation that possesses a big effective charge at the carbon atom.
Carbocation and carbanion are unique forms of carbon atom molecules that bring one-of-a-kind electric fees. Carbocation atoms are carbon plus cation, and consequently, they have a wonderful rate. similarly, carbanion is a mixture of carbon and anion and includes terrible expenses.
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What is the purpose of a coefficient?.
In a polynomial, series, or expression, a coefficient is a multiplicative factor that can be any expression, albeit it is typically a number.
In science, what do coefficients mean?Coefficients are constant terms that are connected to a product's characteristics in mathematics and science. The coefficient, for instance, is the quantity that never changes in the equation used to calculate friction.
What do subscript and coefficient mean?For balancing equations, coefficients are needed. Prior to compounds or elements, they are identified by a number. Elements' numbers are denoted by subscripts, which appear after their symbols. Two H atoms are represented by the "2" in H2O. if an element sign is followed by a subscript.
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what will be the ratio of the rate of effusion of carbon dioxide (co2) to the rate of effusion of nitrogen gas (n2) assuming temperature and pressure are the same?
According to this ratio of effusion rates, the gas with the lower molar mass or density has a higher rate of effusion. The rate is 1.07 after being adjusted for the necessary significant figures. N2 is 1.07 times as fast as O2 according to this.
What is the ratio of effusion rate between O2 and N2?The square root of the inverse ratio of the molar masses or densities of two gases is equal to the ratio of their effusion rates, which is expressed as a ratio.The square root of the molar mass of a gas affects its effusion rate in an inverse manner.The larger the gas particle, the slower it will effuse at a given temperature and pressure, this means.This can be expressed mathematically as follows:Rate of effusion of gas A /Rate of effusion of gas B = √Molar Mass of gas B/√Molar Mass of gas A = √density of gas B /√density of gas A
Discussion and Explanation: Let's start by thinking about the causes of gas effusion. Small pores or holes are possible in containers. While tiny, these openings are bigger than the gas molecules. Until they make contact with something, gas molecules in the container move about at random. Alternatively, it might be a different molecule or a container side. Additionally, by chance, a gas may pass through one of those openings rather than striking the container's side. A random molecule moving through the container's wall is what is meant by effusion. Helium-filled balloons are an everyday illustration of this: It initially floats in the air and is buoyant, but after a few days it hangs down or floats a few inches over the ground (if at all). Through the balloon's tiny perforations, helium has leaked out.The effusion rates for two gases, the molar mass of a gas, or the density of a gas may all be calculated using Graham's Law. According to this ratio of effusion rates, the gas with the lower molar mass or density has a higher rate of effusion.Calculations using Graham's LawAlternatively, the equation would be:
The rate of N2 effusion is 32.0 g/mol.
Rate of O2 effusion is 28.0 g/mol.
This amounts to:
Rate of N2 effusion is 1.069044968.
Oxygen effusion rate
After making the necessary significant figure adjustments, we determine that the rate is 1.07. This indicates that the speed of N2 is 1.07 times that of O2. Although barely, it is faster.
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 Put the following steps to form lightning in order: A. Connection between positive streamers and stepped leaders, therefore creating a lightning strike B. Positive charges flow upward toward the cloud C. Negative charges from the cloud base stream down towards the surface, forming stepped leaders D. Collisions between ice particles and liquid droplets cause charge separation within the cloud () B, D, C, A () D, B, C, A () D, C, B, A () C , A , B , D
Lightning is defined as the electrostatic discharge during which electrically charged regions in the atmosphere or one which is present in the ground, neutralize temporarily and release energy. The steps in which lightning occur is D,B,C,A.
Lightning is divided into two types. In one type, flashes occurred when one channel connect cloud to the ground. In the second type, no channel is connected to the ground. It is known as in-cloud lightning.
In the first step of the lightning, collisions between ice particles and liquid droplets are occurred and charge separation takes place within the cloud.
In the second step, the positive charges which is formed by collision flows upward toward the cloud.
In the third step, negative charges from the base of the cloud stream down towards the surface. Due to the stream down, stepped leaders are formed.
In the fourth and the final step, the connection between postive streamers and stepped leaders create a lightining strikes.
Therefore, the correct steps to form a lightning is D,B,C,A.
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If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to its production of high-energy sugars?.
If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant's environment, then no sugar will be produced by the plant.
Plants make high-end sugars through a process that is referred to as photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen in the presence of sunlight as a result of photosynthesis.
If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant's environment, then this means that one of the reactants for the process of photosynthesis would go missing. As a result, no photosynthesis will take place and no sugars will be produced by such a plant. For producing sugars, all components required for the process of photosynthesis are essential in a plant.
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5. A photon has a frequency of 2.68 x 10⁶ Hz. Calculate its energy. Round your answer to three significant figures and make sure your answer is in scientific notation.
Answer = 1.78 x 10⁻²⁷
E = hv
E = (6.63 x 10⁻³⁴ Js)(2.68 x 10⁶ Hz)
E = 1.78 x 10⁻²⁷
What values does it reinforce Marxist criticism?.
The superstructure is composed of the institutions and ideals of humanity that result in artistic and literary works. Thus, class, socioeconomic standing,
What exactly are human institutions?Institutions are institutions of laws and customs that have been created by people to mold and control personal behavior. Most definitions of institutions assume some degree of durability and continuity. Institutions include, for example, laws, regulations, social customs, and norms.
What sort of establishment is that?Because they contribute to the society's ability to thrive, societies create social structures, or institutions, that endure. These institutions also include family, the economy, the government, and the educational system.
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alpha particle and proton head directly towards each other at an initial speed of 0.003c what is their distance of closest approach
Alpha particle ( q=+2e, m =4u) and proton head directly towards each other at an initial speed of 0.003c their distance of closest approach is 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ m
The charge on the proton = e
the charge on the alpha particle = 2e
mass of proton = mp = 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ kg
mass of alpha particle = ma = 4mp = 6.68 × 10⁻²⁷ kg
the distance is given as :
r = (k2e² ( mp + ma) )/ 2 ma mp vp²
r = (9 × 10⁹ × 2 ( 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ )² ( 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ + 6.68 × 10⁻²⁷) ) / ( 2(6.68 ×
10⁻²⁷ × 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ (0.003 × 3 × 10⁸)²
r = 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ m
Thus, Alpha particle and proton head directly towards each other at an initial speed of 0.003c their distance of closest approach is 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁴ m
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for the reaction and at 329 k and 1 atm. this reaction is favored under standard conditions at 329 k. the entropy change for the reaction of 1.70 moles of at this temperature would be j/k.
The reaction is product favored under standard conditions at 329 K.
The balanced chemical reaction is given as follows:
2 NH₃ + 3 N₂O → 4 N₂ + 3 H₂O
ΔH° = 329 K
ΔS° = 1.70 KJ / K
∴ ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°
⇒ΔG° = 329 KJ - 329 × 1.70 KJ / K
⇒ΔG° = 329 KJ - 559.3 KJ
⇒ΔG° = -230.3 KJ
As ΔG° has negative value for the above reaction that is ΔG°<0 so the reaction is product favored.
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an original sample of a radioisotope had a mass of 50 grams. after 3 days, 6.25 grams of the sample remained. what is the half-life of the radioisotope?
The half-life of the radioisotope is 1.2 days.
Sample remained / original sample
6.25/50 = 0.125
n log 0.5 = 0.125
n = log 0.5 / 0.125 = 2.408
calculation of half life is 3 days divided by 2.408 half lives is equal to 1.2 days.
A quantity (of substance)'s half-life (symbol t12) is the amount of time needed for it to decrease to half of its original value. The phrase is frequently used in nuclear physics to refer to how long stable atoms last or how quickly unstable atoms decay radioactive. In a broader sense, the phrase is used to describe any exponential decay (or, very rarely, a non-exponential decay). For instance, the biological half-life of medications and other chemicals in the human body is discussed in the medical sciences. In exponential growth, doubling time is the opposite of half-life.
In the early 1950s, the original term, half-life period, which dates back to Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the principle in 1907, was condensed to half-life.
In his age-related research, Rutherford used the concept of a radioactive element's half-life.
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Based on the bond angles in CH4, NH3, and H2O, rank the magnitude of these repulsions.
LP -LP > BP - LP > BP - BP
Answer:
This is the answer of this question hope you're satisfied.
why does adding a small amount of water to a substance increase its cohesion but adding a lot of water decrease its cohesion
In contrast to too much water, which will increase surface tension and push the grains apart, a small amount of water causes the surface tension to decrease, allowing the grains to bond together.
What affects mass wasting?1. Slope failure typically occurs more frequently on steep slopes than on gentler slopes. For loose sediment, there is typically a slope angle that distinguishes between a tendency for slope failure and slope stability. The angle of repose is what is meant by this. This angle is about 34 degrees for loose sand. For other materials, this angle may change.
2. The instability of a slope is increased by the addition of water. Rock pieces are easier to slide down slopes because it lubricates them. This is why mass wasting is more frequent during rainy seasons. It turns out that increased surface tension in the soil caused by a small amount of water can help slope stability. Naturally, surface tension has no effect when there is too much water present.
3. Because its roots anchor sediments, vegetation improves slope stability. Additional water that could cause a slope breakdown can be absorbed by plants. But vegetation on a slope cannot stop an excessive amount of water in the soil.
4. As was already mentioned in previous lectures, earthquakes typically enhance the chance of mass wasting in landslide-prone areas.
5. Mass waste is most likely to get worse if there is a lot of loose material on the slope.
6. When a slope falls, landslides tend to accelerate because of high relief (the vertical distance between high and low altitudes).
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Iron particles in basalt on the ocean floor tell scientists select answer. In two adjacent magnetic stripes, the iron particles show select answer alignments.
Basalt records the orientation of the magnetic field of the earth which shows that the magnetic field of the earth is continually changing.
The iron particles found in the ocean floor are called Basalt and are made of high-density materials.
Basalt is an igneous rock that is formed from the quick cooling of lava rich in magnesium and iron when exposed at or very near the surface of a terrestrial planet or the moon. Basalt rocks are usually formed when the volcanic basaltic Lava rapidly cools from the deep interior of the earth's crust equivalent to plutonic gabbro-norite magma and gets exposed to the Earth surface. Gas cavities are absent in the basalt lows and these floors are generally quite thick and extensive.
Rock Hardness property is usually measured to determine the compressive fracture strength, to determine whether a rock is a soft rock or a hard rock. Rock hardness property is common among the densest, fine-grained textured rocks, such as basalt.
Basalt rocks are mainly composed of pyroxene olivine and plagioclase, these rocks are rich in Magnesium and iron. The most porphyritic minerals in basalt rocks are augite and olivine. Basaltic lavas are pumiceous and spongy.
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What are the advantages of oxygen cycle?.
The atmosphere's diatomic oxygen (O2) can regenerate thanks to THE OXYGEN CYCLE. About 21% of the atmosphere is made up of oxygen.
How is pure oxygen created?The separation of air using either a cryogenic distillation process or a vacuum swing adsorption technique is the most popular commercial method for creating oxygen. Separating them from air also yields nitrogen and argon.
Can people breathe oxygen one?No. All forms of life are very poisonous to the oxygen radical (O•). Although it is still created in very small amounts by live cells, we have specific enzymes to handle it.
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How did government policies contribute to the industrial revolution?.
Governments can create subsidies, taxing the public and giving the money to an industry, or tariffs, adding taxes to foreign products to lift prices and make domestic products more appealing.
How did government policy influence industrial growth?How did the American government affect industrial growth? It provided incentives/enticements for growth, as well as gave money to land and resources.The British government was only responsible for the maintenance of religion and defense. The government contributed to the industrial revolution through loans and expenses. The debt acquired by the government was extremely high. All the money was spent in England and Ireland, in naval supplies and this led to a constant demand, which is why machinery was developed to supply it.The British government passed laws to keep businesses outside the country from learning about manufacturing innovations.In the long run, by encouraging people to buy more American goods, the protective tariffs were supposed to help the country produce more stuff, create more jobs and keep dollars in the country.Historians have identified several causes for the Industrial Revolution, including: the emergence of capitalism, European imperialism, efforts to mine coal, and the effects of the Agricultural Revolution.To learn more about the industrial revolution refer to:
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How is water separated into hydrogen and oxygen?.
Electrolysis is the process by which an electric current splits water into hydrogen and oxygen.
If the electricity is generated from renewable sources such as solar or wind, the resulting hydrogen is also renewable and has numerous emission benefits. The process of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity is known as electrolysis. The process of electrolysis of water, also known as electrochemical water splitting, is the use of electricity to decompose water into oxygen and hydrogen gas. This hydrogen gas can be used as hydrogen fuel or mixed with oxygen to produce oxyhydrogen gas, which is used in welding and other applications.
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TRUE/FALSE. when (1-bromoethyl)cyclohexane is heated in methanol for an extended period of time, five products result: two ethers and three alkenes.
It is True that when (1-bromoethyl)cyclohexane is heated in methanol for an extended period of time, five products result: two ethers and three alkenes.
What methanol?Methanol is described as an organic chemical and the simplest aliphatic alcohol, with the formula CH₃OH. It is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odour similar to that of ethanol.
An alkene is often described as a hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond. Alkenes are also used as a synonym of olefin which is any hydrocarbon containing one or more double bond.
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Calculate the mass in grams of al produced if 100 grams of al2o3 is heated at high temperature.
The mass in grams of al produced if 100 grams of al2o3 is heated at high temperature is 188.95 g
The molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of one mole of the compound. In a substance, the quantity of entities gift e.g. atoms, molecules, ions, is described as a mole. A mole of any substance is 6.022×1023 molecules.
Aluminum burns in oxygen according to the following equation:-
4Al + 3O₂ ----------> 2Al₂O₃
This means that the mole ratio of aluminum burnt to that of alumina produced is 4:2 or 2:1.
Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass
mole of 100 g aluminum = 100/26.98
= 3.71 moles
Thus, a mole of alumina produced = 3.71 /2
= 1.85 moles
Mass of alumina produced = mole x molar mass
= 1.85 x 101.96
= 188.95 g
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Does hydrogen have a full electron shell?.
Hydrogen has 1 outer shell which contains 1 electron.
the lightest known stable subatomic particle, the electron. The fundamental unit of electric charge, the coulomb, which has a negative charge of 1.602176634 1019 is carried by it. Only 1/1,836 the mass of a proton, 9.1093837015 1031 kg, is the rest mass of an electron. Since an electron has almost negligible mass compared to a proton or neutron, its mass is not taken into account when determining an atom's mass number.
During his studies of cathode rays, the English scientist J.J. Thomson made the discovery of the electron in 1897. His discovery of electrons—which he first referred to as corpuscles—played a crucial part in altering our understanding of atomic structure. In normal circumstances, electrons are bonded to the positively charged atomic nuclei.
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