Some examples of patient flora self-infection causing nosocomial/iatrogenic infections include urinary tract infections (UTIs), surgical site infections (SSIs), pneumonia, CLABSIs, and Clostridioides difficile infection.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), these can occur when the patient's own gut flora, such as Escherichia coli, contaminate the urinary system during procedures like catheterization or surgery. Surgical site infections (SSIs), a patient's skin flora, such as Staphylococcus aureus, can infect surgical incisions if proper aseptic techniques are not followed. Pneumonia, aspiration of the patient's oral flora, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, can cause hospital-acquired pneumonia, especially in intubated or mechanically ventilated patients.
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), these can occur when the patient's skin flora contaminates intravenous lines, leading to infections like Staphylococcus epidermidis. Clostridioides difficile infection, this can result from the overgrowth of the patient's own gut flora due to antibiotic use, causing severe diarrhea and colitis. Overall, proper hygiene, aseptic techniques, and antibiotic stewardship can help prevent these self-infection-based nosocomial/iatrogenic infections. So therefore urinary tract infections (UTIs), surgical site infections (SSIs), pneumonia, CLABSIs, and Clostridioides difficile infection are some examples of patient flora self-infection causing nosocomial/iatrogenic infections.
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Heavy menstrual bleeding + soft and boggy uterus = ?
The combination of heavy menstrual bleeding and a soft and boggy uterus may indicate uterine atony.
Uterine atony refers to the lack of uterine muscle tone or contraction, leading to heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding. When the uterus is soft and boggy, it is unable to contract effectively to control bleeding during menstruation. Uterine atony can occur due to various factors such as hormonal imbalances, retained placental tissue after childbirth, or certain medical conditions. It is important to evaluate and diagnose the underlying cause of uterine atony through a comprehensive medical evaluation, which may include a physical examination, imaging tests, and laboratory investigations.
Treatment options for uterine atony depend on the underlying cause and may include hormonal therapy, medications to promote uterine contractions, or, in severe cases, surgical interventions such as dilation and curettage or hysterectomy.
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HR 160-220 + episodic attacks --> dx?
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), which is characterized by episodic bouts and a heart rate of 160–220 beats per minute, may be the cause. The atria, or AV nodes, which are located above the ventricles, are the source of irregular cardiac rhythms known as SVT.
A few seconds to several hours may elapse between periods of a fast and regular heartbeat. Possible symptoms are palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, lightheadedness and dizziness. SVT may be self-limiting in some cases and require no treatment, but in other cases, treatment may be needed to manage symptoms and avoid consequences. SVT can be treated with medication, catheter ablation, or cardioversion.
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