Tiny openings in leaves called stomata. Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata. Plants release water vapor into the atmosphere when stomata open to allow gases to pass over the leaf surface.
What are stomata and their functions?Stomata are epithelial cellular structures in tree leaves and needles that support plant growth and exchange carbon dioxide and water with the environment.
How do stomata open and close?It is surrounded by two guard cells that control the opening and closing of the stomata. Stomata are open during the day for gas exchange and release of water vapor during transpiration. Stomata open and close due to changes in the turgor pressure of guard cells.
Why do plants need stomata?This evolutionary innovation is so central to plant identity that nearly all land plants use the same stomata to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Stomata are very small, microscopic, and important for photosynthesis.
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The only arteries in the body that carry oxygen-poor blood are the coronary arteries.a. Trueb. False
False, the only artery that conveys impure or deoxygenated blood is the pulmonary artery, and the pulmonary vein also contains filthy blood. Thus, coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood.
The coronary arteries, which are arterial blood vessels, provide the heart muscle with oxygenated blood. Like any other human tissue or organ, the heart needs an ongoing supply of oxygen to exist and operate. The coronary arteries encircle the whole of the heart. The left and right coronary arteries are the two principal branches. The parts of the heart that each group of arteries supplies with blood flow can also be used to distinguish between them. Epicardial and microvascular refer to these groups, which are located above the epicardium, the outermost tissue of the heart (close to the endocardium, or the innermost tissue of the heart).
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if you ran a deaminate phenylalanine test, how would you know that an increase in ph was due to deamidation and not decarboxylation?
Lace fractures the link that holds a cardboard hester to an amino acid during the decoration occasion, causing the finished product to rise. In addition, we observe the contamination as the dominatio group, or product compound, decreases.
Explain about the deaminate phenylalanine test?The ability of such an organism to produce the deaminase enzyme is tested using phenylalanine deaminase media.
This enzyme liberates the amine group into free ammonia after removing the amine group from of the amino acid phenylalanine. This reaction also results in the production of phenylpyruvic acid.
Only after you perform the dearmod phenylline testing with the final dominus by employing the faclgr agent will you know if the bacteria has a phenylonine demi enzyme, and removes the amina group of penyll and generates the phenylyroic acid. The breakdown of phenylonine was created by the reaction of that peri chloride with phinipyrobic acid. As a result, these 2 will interact in this situation, where pcl 3 serves as an indicator. The fact will change green if it contains prostate, and it will remain local if the test is negative.Therefore, even I to carbonation if there is an drop in it is to aidif there is a increase in ph.
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It is thought that Chrysotoxum cautum evolved from an insect that did not have any
stripes.
Suggest how these insects became striped.
The evolution of striping in Chrysotoxum cautum may have occurred through natural selection. One possibility is that the original non-striped insect population had some degree of natural variation in their body coloration. This natural variation could have included a slight pigmentation pattern that was more pronounced in some individuals than in others.
If the environmental conditions where these insects lived changed, this variation in pigmentation could have had an impact on the insects' survival and reproductive success. For example, if the insects lived in an environment where predators were present and striped patterns offered a protective advantage by camouflaging the insects in their surroundings, then those insects with more pronounced striping would be more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation. Over time, this selective pressure would favor the development of striping in the population.
Alternatively, it is possible that the development of stripes in Chrysotoxum cautum could have been a result of sexual selection. Insects with more pronounced stripes may have been more attractive to potential mates, leading to increased mating success and the passing on of genes that promote striping.
It is also worth noting that the evolution of striping in Chrysotoxum cautum may not have been a simple process and could have involved many other factors beyond natural or sexual selection, such as genetic drift, mutation, or other environmental pressures. Ultimately, it is difficult to know exactly how striping evolved in these insects without direct observations or a comprehensive analysis of the genetic and environmental factors involved.
Identify the three types of these types of technology implemented at the Gautrain
Answer:
Tunnel Boring Machine
Emergency Access Shafts
The use of Contactless Smart Cards for passenger payments
Explanation:
what is hemolysis? multiple choice question. the attachment of platelets to exposed collagen in the blood vessels the rupture of red blood cells the rupture of white blood cells the rupture of any blood cell
Hemolysis is the rupture of red blood cells so option b is correct.
Red blood cell rupture or destruction is referred to as hemolysis, and it can result in the discharge of hemoglobin and other intracellular components into the bloodstream.
The medical word "hemolysis" describes the rupturing or decomposition of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen and distributes it throughout the body, is found in red blood cells, which are crucial parts of the blood.
Hemoglobin is released into the bloodstream when red blood cells are broken or killed.
Hemolysis can also be caused by physical trauma or injury, such as during the process of blood collection or when blood cells are exposed to shear stress in narrow blood vessels.
Complete question:
What is hemolysis? multiple choice question.
a) The attachment of platelets to exposed collagen in the blood vessels b) The rupture of red blood cells
c) The rupture of white blood cells
d) The rupture of any blood cell
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Imagine a future ecological change that may happen on the Galapagos Islands. What would be the result in the finch population?
Answer:
As the climate that Darwin's finches have adapted to rapidly changes, they face a new type of evolutionary test. Now faced with parasitic flies invading nests, torrential rainstorms that wipe out habitat areas, and increased El Niño events, the Finches must adapt or go extinct.
Explanation:
What substance is in the blood that the heart pumps throughout your body?
which type of membrane protein transmits information into the cell by responding to signal molecules?
a. receptor protein b. channel protein c. carrier protein d. glycoprotein
The type of membrane protein that transmits information into the cell by responding to signal molecules is a receptor protein.
Receptor proteins are integral membrane proteins that bind to specific signaling molecules outside the cell, such as hormones or neurotransmitters, and trigger a signaling pathway within the cell. These pathways can lead to changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, and other cellular functions. Receptor proteins are highly specific, recognizing only particular ligands, and can be either intracellular or extracellular depending on their mechanism of action. Examples of receptor proteins include G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, and ligand-gated ion channels. Dysfunction of receptor proteins can result in a wide range of diseases and disorders, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders, highlighting the importance of these proteins in cellular signaling and communication.
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why do Forests reach their greatest ecological complexity when they are mature and exhibit a multi-level canopy
Forests reach their greatest ecological complexity when they are mature and exhibit a multi-level canopy due to the many levels of competition for light and resources.
What is ecological complexity?Ecological complexity is a term used to describe the relationships between organisms and their environment. It emphasizes the intricate web of interactions between living organisms and nonliving components of the environment.
As trees grow, they compete for light and resources in several ways. Trees on the upper canopy layers are able to outcompete trees on lower layers for resources because they are able to access more sunlight. In addition, as trees grow taller, they cast larger shadows, further limiting resources for trees in the lower layers. This competition creates a layered forest structure in which different species of plants and animals are adapted to different layers. This structure allows for an increased diversity of species and interactions between them, leading to a more complex and intricate ecological system.
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what is a morphological spesies concept?
Morphological species concept: Organisms are assigned to the same species if they appear identical by morphological (anatomical) criteria. This is used when a species does not reproduce sexually and some are known only from fossils.
What is the difference between the morphological and phylogenetic concepts of species?The "morphological species concept" describes a group of organisms in which all organisms are similar in appearance, but which organisms differ from one another. The ``phylogenetic species concept'' describes an irreducible group of organisms in which all members have a common ancestor.
What are the advantages of the morphological species concept?Morphology can often be easily observed without touching or harming the organism. It is relatively easy to communicate with a wide range of people about morphology.
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which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?
What level of protein structure describes the spatial location of every atom in a protein?Tertiary structure (3°) describes the relative spatial location of every atom in a protein. It is determined by the amino acid sequence (1°). It shows the spatial relation of all secondary structure elements and includes the location of other subunits (4°), if present.
The tertiary structure of a protein alludes to the general three-layered game plan of its polypeptide chain in space.
A protein's essential construction is characterized as the amino corrosive succession of its polypeptide chain; the optional design is the area spatial game plan of a polypeptide's spine (fundamental chain) particles; tertiary construction alludes to the three-layered construction of a whole polypeptide chain; and quaternary construction
It is for the most part balanced out by outside polar hydrophilic hydrogen and ionic bond collaborations, and interior hydrophobic communications between nonpolar amino corrosive side chains. The various degrees of protein structure is known as essential, auxiliary, tertiary, and quaternary designs.
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Does increased sympathetic activity increase stroke volume?
When you're under stress, in danger, or engaged in physical exercise, this system becomes more active. Its effects include quickening the heartbeat and respiration, improving vision, and slowing down biological processes like digestion.
What cause the increase in stroke volume?Sympathetic activation increases arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance (including arteries and veins), and cardiac output overall. It is crucial to have increased sympathetic activity during physical activity, mental stress, and haemorrhagic shock.
An even higher restoration of cardiac output is achieved as a result of enhanced sympathetic activation, which also causes additional increases in heart rate and stroke volume.
Therefore, Myocardium is also innervated by sympathetic nerves, and as sympathetic activity rises, myocardial contractility rises as well, increasing stroke volume.
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an anatomy student observes muscle fibers under the microscope. the cells are striated and form y-shaped branches. the muscle tissue observed must be
An anatomy student observes muscle fibers under a microscope. the cells are striated and form y-shaped branches. the muscle tissue observed must be cardiac muscle.
Cardiac muscle tissue which is also called Myocardium is a specialized type of muscle tissue that forms the structure of the heart. This muscle tissue contracts and releases involuntarily.
Myocardium is also responsible for keeping the heart pumping blood around the body. It makes up the middle and thickest layer of the heart wall. This layer lies in between the endocardium layer and the outer epicardium.
Muscle fibers are in turn composed of myofibrils. The component of muscle fiber that quickly transport a muscle impulse from the sarcolemma throughout the entire muscle fibre is called the t- tubule.
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what is the lowest temperature chickens can tolerate
Cold tolerance of chicken is aparantly high and they can survive even in zero degree weather.
Adult hens in good health can survive in almost any environment. They will be alright as long as they have protection from the weather, including rain, snow, wind, and snow. In severe environments, chickens should have an enclosed coop. Heat should be considered one of the extreme circumstances.
This post will go through how cold is too cold for your birds, signs that your flock is becoming too cold, winter survival tips, and robust chicken breeds. Chickens are extremely tough and can survive in zero-degree weather. However, they prefer hotter climates. Between 70 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit is the ideal range for hens. You need to take steps in the cold to keep your chicks warm.
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Most cells are relatively small for reasons related to the _____________ of substances into and out of cells.
Diffusion, movement, transport, moving, transfer, or passage
For reasons relating to the diffusion of chemicals into and out of cells, the majority of cells are rather tiny.
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, and it is a passive process that does not require the input of energy. The rate of diffusion is influenced by the concentration gradient, temperature, pressure, and the size and shape of the molecules involved. As a result, smaller cells have a larger surface area to volume ratio, which allows for more efficient diffusion of substances into and out of the cell. If cells were too large, diffusion would be slower and less efficient, which could limit the ability of the cell to meet its metabolic needs.
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if 24% of a dna sample is made up of thymine, t, what percentage of the sample is made up of adenine, a?
If 24% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine(T)
Then percentage of Adenine(A) will be also 24% as they are complementary therefore (AT) will be 48%.
Erwin Chargaff proposed the Chargaff's rule.Chargaff's rules state that in the DNA of any species, the total amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine as they are complementary and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine i.e., A+G=T+C. The base pair rule is 1:1 for any species.It helps in determining the structure and composition of DNA in various organisms.
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corn lacks the essential amino acids isoleucine and lysine. beans lack the essential amino acids tryptophan and methionine. soy contains all the essential amino acids. based on this information, would you be able to survive on a diet with corn-based proteins alone? why or why not?
Lysine, an important amino acid, is not abundant in corn protein. The ability of all amino acids to promote muscle growth is constrained when one critical amino acid is deficient.
What corn lacks the essential amino acids?In order to establish a full amino acid profile, it may be a good idea to combine various plant-based protein sources.
The main storage proteins in maize seeds, called zeins, are low in the amino acids lysine and tryptophan, which lowers the nutritional value of corn.
The main goal of grain quality improvement is to increase lysine content. The amino acid makeup of endosperm proteins is primarily to blame for the poor nutritional quality of corn protein.
Therefore, Isoleucine and lysine, two crucial amino acids, are absent from corn. Tryptophan and methionine, two crucial amino acids, are absent from beans. All the necessary amino acids are present in soy.
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In humans, the allele for normal blood clotting, H, is dominant to the allele for
hemophilia, h. This is a sex-linked trait found on the X-Chromosome. A woman
with normal blood clotting has four children, a normal son, a hemophiliac son, and
two normal daughters. The father has normal blood clotting. What is the
phenotype of mom?
HURRY PLEASE!!!!
The maternal phenotype is XᴴXʰ. The mother does not have hemophilia but carries the gene for the disease (carrier).
Determine the hemophilia genotypeDetermining the hemophilia genotype Hemophilia is linked only to the X gene and is in a recessive gene. There are several tips for determining the hemophilia genotype in parents:
1. Hemophilia in boys is influenced by the genes carried by the mother, so there are possibilities as follows:
If all the boys are born with hemophilia, then the mother is confirmed to have hemophilia. If all boys are born normal, then the mother is certain to be normal too. If a boy is born with hemophilia and the rest are not, then the mother is a carrier of hemophilia (carrier).2. Hemophilia in girls is closely related to the father's genes, so:
If the daughter is born with hemophilia, then the father must have hemophilia. If the daughter is born normally (not a carrier) then the father does not suffer from hemophilia.According to the clue from the question, according to tip number 1 part three, so that the mother is a carrier of hemophilia or a carrier.
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Explain why viruses, chloroplasts and mitochondria are exceptions to cell theory
Viruses, chloroplasts, and mitochondria are exceptions to cell theory because they are not composed of cells.
What is mitochondria?
Mitochondria are organelles found in the cells of all eukaryotic organisms, such as animals, plants, and fungi. They are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell, as they generate the majority of the cell's energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria also have a variety of other roles, including metabolism and calcium storage. They are semi-autonomous, meaning that they can replicate and divide independently of the cell, and contain their own DNA.
Viruses are not composed of cells and instead are composed of genetic material, typically DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat. Chloroplasts and mitochondria, on the other hand, are organelles contained within cells and are composed of their own genetic material and protein coat. Therefore, they are not considered to be cells themselves.
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Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals? a) Tundra. b) Desert.c) Tropical rainforest.d) Pine forest.
Answer:
C. Tropical Rain forest
Explanation:
The rain forests hold 50 percent of all plants and animals found on land.
I hope this helps... :)
1. bottle disease is an autosomal recessive condition that is lethal in childhood. it affects 1 / 10 000 in a specific population. what is the chance that the sibling of an affected individual will have an affected child with an unaffected person from the same population?
Thr chances that the sibling of an affected individual will have affected with bottle disease child with an unaffected person from the same population is 1/300.
SyndromeIn very young children, bottlemouth syndrome is a specific type of tooth decay. It is brought on by extended exposure to milk or sweet liquids. For naps and night, kids at risk for bottlemouth syndrome bring bottles of milk or juice.White patches on the teeth's surface or along the gum line, as well as dental sensitivity and pain, are early signs of baby bottle tooth decay. Baby bottle tooth decay can progress to more severe symptoms, such as brown or black spots on teeth, bleeding or swollen gums, fever, and poor breath.More than 50% of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youngsters have baby bottle tooth decay (BBTD), a preventable dental condition.For more information on autosomal recessive disease kindly visit to
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a scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of oxygen in a body of water affect the number of aquatic plants that can live in the water . in this experience the dependent variable is
A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of water affects the number of plants that can live in the water. Amount of salt in the water is the independent variable option c)
Scientific MethodThe scientific method is a way of learning that involves formulating and evaluating hypotheses.The scientific method is a rational, methodical approach to answering problems that eliminate subjectivity by requiring each response to be backed up by objective data that can be replicated.Steps in Scientific MethodAsk a question.Perform research.Establish your hypothesis.Test your hypothesis by conducting an experiment.Make an observation.Analyze the results and draw a conclusion.Present the findings.Two types of research variables:INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Independent variable causes the change on the dependent variable.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: Dependent variable is the variable that is being measured in an experiment.
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Full Question :A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of water affects the number of plants that can live in the water. Which is the independent variable?
A. Water
B. Temperature of the water
C. Amount of salt in the water
D. Number of plants in the water
Why does cartilage heal slowly after adolescence?
After adolescence, cartilage heals slowly because the chondrocytes can no longer divide.
A fibrous membrane that resembles the perichondrium surrounds cartilage, just way it does bone. The ability to regenerate cartilage is ineffective at this stratum. Its recuperation from injury is therefore gradual. Any injury to cartilage takes a long time to heal since there isn't enough active blood flow to the area. As you become older, the cartilage in your joints thins and the amount of lubricating fluid reduces, making joint movement stiffer and less flexible. Despite being formed of cells and tissues, cartilage cannot heal itself since there aren't enough blood vessels and blood supplies for new cells to grow and replicate.
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if a diploid individual is heterozygous at exactly 7 loci, how many unique gamete genotypes can they make?
If a diploid person possesses heterozygosity at precisely 7 loci, this individual can produce 128 unique gamete genotypes.
If a diploid individual is heterozygous at 7 loci, this means that they have two different alleles at each of these 7 locations on their chromosomes. When this individual produces gametes (sperm or eggs) for reproduction, they will randomly select one of the two alleles at each of these 7 loci to pass on to their offspring.
The number of unique gamete genotypes that this individual can produce can be calculated by using the formula [tex]2^{n}[/tex], where n is the number of heterozygous loci. In this case, n = 7, so the calculation is:
[tex]2^{7}[/tex] = 128. Therefore, this individual can produce 128 unique gamete genotypes.
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what is a pollen grain? it is the microsporangium of a seed plant surrounded by a tough coat of sporopollenin.
The pollen grain is a seed plant's microsporangium that is protected by a hard sporopollenin coat.
Seed plants produce pollen, which is a collection of microspores that typically takes the form of fine dust. Seed plants produce pollen, which is a collection of microspores that typically takes the form of fine dust. A variety of pressures cause each pollen grain, a small body with a specific shape and structure, to be moved from the male structures of seed-bearing plants to the female structures, where fertilization takes place (such as wind, water, insects, etc.). The anthers of flowering plant stamens create pollen in angiosperms. Pollen is composed of a reproductive cell and one or more vegetative cells.
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Is it normal to have a bruise after getting blood drawn?
After had your blood drawn, some bruising is typical. When ever a blood vessel gets injured, blood leaks into the area under your skin, resulting in a bruise.
Is bruising after donating typical?On rare occasions, arm bruises may appear. Some individuals may find the bruise alarming since it may appear spectacular, especially if it develops outside of the donor location. Bruises often don't hurt and will go away over time. It's common that they spread out just before going away.
After my blood test, should I be concerned about bruising?Bruising following a venipuncture is commonplace and usually not a reason for alarm. However, if a someone does feel really uncomfortable, they should contact a doctor.
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the codon of trna is complementary to the anticodon of mrna. group startstrue or falsetrue, unselectedfalse, unselected
false the codon of trna is not complementary to the anticodon of mrna
what is trna?Transfer RNA, often known as tRNA, is a tiny RNA molecule that is essential for the production of proteins. Between the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule and the expanding chain of amino acids that make up a protein, transfer RNA acts as a link (or adapter).
what is anticondon?An anticodon is a trinucleotide sequence that is complementary to a matching codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and is found at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule.
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What would happen if the inside solution of a cell is hypertonic to the solution outside of the cell ( outside solution is hypertonic )?
Answer:
Please read below:
Explanation:
If the inside solution of a cell is hypertonic to the solution outside of the cell, the cell will lose water due to osmosis and can become dehydrated, causing it to shrink or shrivel. If the outside solution is hypertonic, water will move out of the cell and it will shrivel. The cell may also burst if the water loss is too great.
an item contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions that may be dangerous or harmful is:
Items contaminated with blood, bodily fluids, excretions, or secretions are referred to as "biohazardous waste"; the words "bio" and "hazardous" denote risk or harm.
Waste contaminated with potentially infectious agents or other substances that are judged to be a concern to the public health or the environment is referred to as biohazardous waste, sometimes known as infectious waste (such as blood, body fluids, and human cell lines). Biological agents Biological wastes such as spores, viruses, bacteria, or live, attenuated vaccinations. Waste contaminated with infectious human or animal excrement, exudates, or secretions Bench paper, paper towels, Kim wipes, and any other products contaminated with biohazardous substances. Biohazardous liquid waste Animal or human blood Animal or human blood components physiological fluids or semi-liquid substances from humans or animals, Anatomical samples of humans if exposed to biohazardous materials, leads to many diseases.
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