Completing amortization and analyzing each payment by row allows you to understand how payments are made and how much interest you are paying on your loans. This helps you to make informed decisions when choosing a loan and paying off debts.
Completing amortization and analyzing each payment by row allows you to understand how payments are made and how much interest you are paying on your loans. This helps you to make informed decisions when choosing a loan and paying off debts.
It also helps you to understand the impact of different interest rates and payment terms on the total cost of the loan.In my personal life, completing amortization and analyzing each payment by row will help me to make informed decisions when taking out loans, such as car loans and home loans. It will also help me to understand how much interest I am paying and how to pay off my debts faster by making extra payments. By understanding how interest works, I can make better financial decisions and save money in the long run.
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Calculate the interest on a 90-day, 9% note for $50,000. (Use the "banker's rule" to compute interest and round your answer to the nearest dollar.)
A. $1,125
B. $2,250
C. $4,500
D. $375
Banker's rule and interest calculation. The bank rule or the 360-day year rule is a convention that denotes the days between two dates in terms of a 360-day year.
Here is how to calculate the interest on a 90-day, 9% note for $50,000 using the banker's rule and rounding off the answer to the nearest dollar: Step 1: Find the Interest per day Using the formula: Interest (I) = P × R × T where P = principal, R = rate of interest per annum, and T = time period in years.
Since the note is for 90 days and the rate is 9%, we have I = $50,000 × 0.09 × 90 / 360 = $1,125Step 2: Determine the number of days to be counted as interest Using the 360-day rule, we know that there are 360 days in a year and 90 days in a quarter-year.
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XYZ Inc. produces photographic equipment. Based on its balance sheet, it has 100,000 bonds with $100 par. Its bonds pay a semi- annual coupon of 8% per year and have 6 years to maturity. The next coupon date is in 6 months. XYZ's current bond yield is 10% per year with semi-annual compounding. The unlevered beta of its common stock is 1.30 and the total market capitalisation of these stocks is $22 million. XYZ's also has retained earnings of $20 million in its balance sheet. XYZ's management considers building a new plant. Management assumes that the beta of this project is equal to the company beta. The risk-free rate is 3% per year annually compounded and the market risk premium is 6% per year annually compounded. The corporation tax rate is 30%. a) Determine XYZ Inc's market value of bonds rounded to the nearest dollar . b) Determine XYZ Inc's cost of equity . Hint: Levered beta-Unlevered beta [1+(1-Tc)*D/E]. c) Determine the after-tax annual discount rate for the plant
a) XYZ Inc.'s market value of bonds is approximately $8,158,000.
b) XYZ Inc.'s cost of equity is 14.30%.
c) The after-tax annual discount rate for the plant is 10.50%.
a) To calculate the market value of XYZ Inc.'s bonds, we multiply the number of bonds (100,000) by the bond's par value ($100). Therefore, the market value of the bonds is 100,000 * $100 = $10,000,000. However, since the bond yield is currently 10% and the coupon rate is 8%, the bonds are trading at a discount. Using the bond pricing formula, we can calculate the market value of the bonds to be approximately $8,158,000.
b) To determine XYZ Inc.'s cost of equity, we need to calculate the levered beta. Since the beta of the project is assumed to be the same as the company's beta, we can use the unlevered beta of 1.30. The corporation tax rate is 30%. Using the formula for levered beta, Levered beta = Unlevered beta * [1 + (1 - Tax rate) * (Debt/Equity)], and knowing that the company has retained earnings of $20 million and a total market capitalization of $22 million, we can calculate the levered beta to be 1.69. The cost of equity is then calculated using the formula: Cost of equity = Risk-free rate + Beta * Market risk premium = 3% + 1.69 * 6% = 14.30%.
c) The after-tax annual discount rate for the plant can be calculated using the formula: After-tax discount rate = Pre-tax discount rate * (1 - Tax rate). Since the pre-tax discount rate is equal to the cost of equity, which is 14.30%, and the tax rate is 30%, the after-tax discount rate is 14.30% * (1 - 0.30) = 10.50%.
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Lounable funds market HH i= 16-49 Firms 6=16-12/19 Government i= 16-9 Supply of launable funds is → Find the crowding out.
The crowding out effect in the loanable funds market can be determined by comparing the interest rates demanded by households, firms, and the government.
The given information states that households (HH) demand loans at an interest rate range of 16-49%, firms (F) demand loans at an interest rate range of 16-12/19%, and the government (G) demands loans at an interest rate range of 16-9%. To determine the crowding out effect, we need to compare the interest rates demanded by the government and firms.
The crowding out effect occurs when increased government borrowing reduces the availability of funds for private investment. In this case, if the interest rate demanded by the government (16-9%) is lower than the interest rate demanded by firms (16-12/19%), it suggests that the government is able to borrow at a lower cost, potentially crowding out private investment. This is because firms may face higher borrowing costs or limited access to funds as the government increases its borrowing.
However, the given interest rate ranges do not provide specific values for comparison. Without precise interest rate values, it is challenging to determine the exact crowding out effect. To assess the impact accurately, specific interest rates demanded by households, firms, and the government would be required.
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Molly Is A Partner In An Engineering Firm, She Is Active In The Bueiness Asd Sarvss As The Partherahip' Ehlat Aceeunting Ekticar, Ste
Molly's guaranteed payment of $50,000 from the engineering firm should be reported as self-employment income on her tax return.
However, instead of reporting it on Schedule C (Profit or Loss from Business, typically used for sole proprietorships), she should report it on Schedule E (Supplemental Income and Loss) as a partner in a partnership.
Here's the breakdown:
Molly should receive a Schedule K-1 (Form 1065) from the engineering firm, which is used to report the partner's share of income, deductions, and credits.
On Molly's personal tax return, she will need to complete Schedule E (Supplemental Income and Loss). This schedule is used to report income or loss from partnerships, S corporations, estates, trusts, and real estate rental activities.
On Schedule E, Molly should report her share of the partnership's income, deductions, and credits. The guaranteed payment of $50,000 should be reported as ordinary income on the appropriate line.
It's worth noting that Molly's income from the partnership is considered self-employment income, but it is not reported on Schedule C since she is not a sole proprietor. Instead, Schedule E is used to report income from partnerships, which is consistent with her role as a partner in the engineering firm.
As always, it's recommended to consult a tax professional or use tax software to ensure accurate reporting based on your specific situation.
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Molly is a partner in an engineering firm. She is active in the business and serves as the partnership's chief accounting officer. She receives a guaranteed payment of $50,000 each year without regard to the firm's profits or losses. Assuming the payment is reported correctly on her Schedule K-1 (Form 1065), how should Molly report this income on her tax return?
Self-employment income, reported on Schedule C, Profit or Loss from Business (Sole Proprietorship).
Passive income, reported on Schedule E, Supplemental Income and Loss.
Nonpassive income, reported on Schedule E, Supplemental Income and Loss.
Wages, salaries, tips, etc. reported directly on Form 1040.
Molly's guaranteed payment of $50,000 from the engineering firm should be reported as self-employment income on her tax return.
However, instead of reporting it on Schedule C (Profit or Loss from Business, typically used for sole proprietorships), she should report it on Schedule E (Supplemental Income and Loss) as a partner in a partnership.
Here's the breakdown:
Molly should receive a Schedule K-1 (Form 1065) from the engineering firm, which is used to report the partner's share of income, deductions, and credits.
On Molly's personal tax return, she will need to complete Schedule E (Supplemental Income and Loss). This schedule is used to report income or loss from partnerships, S corporations, estates, trusts, and real estate rental activities.
On Schedule E, Molly should report her share of the partnership's income, deductions, and credits. The guaranteed payment of $50,000 should be reported as ordinary income on the appropriate line.
It's worth noting that Molly's income from the partnership is considered self-employment income, but it is not reported on Schedule C since she is not a sole proprietor. Instead, Schedule E is used to report income from partnerships, which is consistent with her role as a partner in the engineering firm.
As always, it's recommended to consult a tax professional or use tax software to ensure accurate reporting based on your specific situation.
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Molly is a partner in an engineering firm. She is active in the business and serves as the partnership's chief accounting officer. She receives a guaranteed payment of $50,000 each year without regard to the firm's profits or losses. Assuming the payment is reported correctly on her Schedule K-1 (Form 1065), how should Molly report this income on her tax return?
Self-employment income, reported on Schedule C, Profit or Loss from Business (Sole Proprietorship).
Passive income, reported on Schedule E, Supplemental Income and Loss.
Nonpassive income, reported on Schedule E, Supplemental Income and Loss.
Wages, salaries, tips, etc. reported directly on Form 1040.
Consider the following Linear Programming Problem: Minimize P = 56x₁ + 36x₂ subject to 2x₁ + x₂ ≥ 40 x₁ + x₂ ≥ 16 x₁ ≥ 0, x₂ ≥ 0 a) Write the associated dual problem. b) Hence, find the optimal solution of the primal problem.
The given linear programming problem aims to minimize the objective function P = 56x₁ + 36x₂, subject to three constraints. To find the associated dual problem, we need to determine the dual variables and convert the primal constraints into dual constraints. Then we can solve the dual problem to find the optimal solution.
a) To write the associated dual problem, we assign dual variables u₁, u₂, and u₃ to the primal constraints. The dual problem seeks to maximize the objective function D = 40u₁ + 16u₂, subject to the following dual constraints: 2u₁ + u₂ ≥ 56, u₁ + u₂ ≥ 36, u₁ ≥ 0, u₂ ≥ 0, u₃ unrestricted.
b) To find the optimal solution of the primal problem, we can use the complementary slackness condition. Since the primal problem is a minimization problem and the dual problem is a maximization problem, the optimal solution occurs when the objective function of the primal problem is equal to the objective function of the dual problem. In this case, the optimal solution is P = 56x₁ + 36x₂ = D = 40u₁ + 16u₂. By solving the dual problem and finding the optimal values of u₁ and u₂, we can substitute them back into the primal problem to obtain the optimal solution for x₁ and x₂.
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Explain the structure and logic of the United States nuclear
arsenal.
Please state your source.
The United States nuclear arsenal consists of a triad structure, which refers to the three components of strategic nuclear forces: land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), and strategic bombers.
This structure is designed to ensure a diverse and resilient nuclear deterrent.The land-based component consists of Minuteman III ICBMs, which are housed in underground silos. These missiles are capable of delivering nuclear warheads to targets across the globe. The submarine component includes Ohio-class submarines armed with Trident II D5 SLBMs. These submarines provide a highly survivable platform for launching nuclear missiles from the sea. The bomber component involves B-2 Spirit and B-52 Stratofortress bombers, which can carry and deliver nuclear weapons.
The logic behind this triad structure is to provide redundancy and flexibility in the event of an attack. By dispersing nuclear forces across different platforms, the U.S. ensures that even if one component is compromised, the others can still deliver a devastating response. This structure also allows for a variety of response options, ranging from immediate and direct to more measured and controlled.
As an AI language model, my responses are generated based on a mixture of licensed data, data created by human trainers, and publicly available data. I have not been directly trained on specific classified information, and my responses are based on my understanding of the topic as a language model trained on a diverse range of news articles, blogs, opinion pieces, and other forms of news and information.
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How much will a firm receive in net funding from a firm commitment underwriting of 250 shares priced to the public at $33.6 if a 12% underwriting spread has been added to the price paid by the underwriter? Additionally, the firm pays $1,000 in legal fees. O $6,500 O $7,400 O $7,500 O $6,392
The firm will receive $7,500 in net funding from the firm commitment underwriting after accounting for the underwriting spread and legal fees.
In a firm commitment underwriting, the underwriter agrees to purchase the shares from the issuing firm at a specified price and then resell them to the public. The underwriter charges an underwriting spread, which is the difference between the price paid by the underwriter and the price at which the shares are sold to the public.
In this case, the underwriting spread is 12% of the public offering price. The public offering price is $33.6 per share. Therefore, the underwriting spread is 0.12 * $33.6 = $4.032 per share.
The firm is offering 250 shares, so the total underwriting spread is 250 * $4.032 = $1,008.
After deducting the underwriting spread of $1,008 and the legal fees of $1,000, the net funding received by the firm is $33.6 * 250 - $1,008 - $1,000 = $7,500.
Therefore, the correct answer is $7,500.
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Coordination problems in large firms might lead to: a.downward sloping of marginal cost curves. b.upward-sloping long-run average cost curves. c.downward-sloping marginal cost curves.
d. upward-sloping short-run average cost curves.
Coordination problems in large firms might lead to: **b. upward-sloping long-run average cost curves** and **d. upward-sloping short-run average cost curves**.
In large firms, coordination problems can arise due to complexities in managing different departments, divisions, or processes. Lack of effective coordination can result in inefficiencies and increased costs. One consequence of poor coordination is an increase in long-run average cost curves. This occurs when the firm's scale of operations becomes too large to manage effectively, leading to diminishing returns to scale and higher costs per unit of output.
Similarly, coordination problems can also affect short-run operations. In the short run, firms may face constraints on adjusting their inputs and processes fully. When coordination issues exist, it can lead to inefficiencies and suboptimal resource allocation, resulting in upward-sloping short-run average cost curves. This indicates that producing additional units of output becomes increasingly costly as the firm struggles to coordinate its operations effectively.
It's worth noting that downward-sloping marginal cost curves are not typically associated with coordination problems in large firms. Marginal cost refers to the additional cost of producing one more unit of output, and it generally decreases initially due to economies of scale and more efficient resource allocation.
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Cost of Direct Materials Used in Production for a Manufacturing Company Walker Manufacturing Company, reported the following materials data for the month ending June 30: Materials purchased i $180,500 57,000 47,500 Materials inventory, June 1 Materials inventory, June 30 Determine the cost of direct materials used in production by Walker during the month ended June 30.
We must compute the change in material inventory in order to ascertain the cost of direct materials utilized in production by Walker Manufacturing Company .
Materials Purchased + Materials Inventoried as of June 1 minus Materials Inventoried as of June 30 = Cost of Direct Materials Used Given: Material expenditures total $180,500 Inventory of Materials as of June 1: $57,000 Inventory of Materials as of June 30: $47,500 Cost of Direct Materials: $180,500 plus $57,500 minus $47,500 $90,000 was spent on direct material costs. Walker Manufacturing Company spent $190,000 on direct materials used in manufacturing for the month ending on June 30.
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How does technology affect Human Resource
management?
Compare training and employee
development.
( 8 sentences or more)
Technology has greatly impacted Human Resource Management (HRM) by automating tasks, improving efficiency, and reducing costs. It has also enhanced communication with employees. Training focuses on specific job-related skills, while employee development aims for long-term growth and expanded capabilities. Both are crucial for organizational success, and technology plays a vital role in supporting and enhancing these processes.
Technology affects Human Resource Management (HRM) in several ways.
Human Resource Management refers to the process of managing personnel in an organization. The development of new technologies has led to the automation of many tasks that were previously done manually. This has led to more efficiency in HRM. Here are some ways in which technology affects HRM:
Efficiency: Technology has made it easier to automate routine tasks such as payroll, benefits administration, and employee record-keeping. This has led to more efficient HRM processes and reduced the time and effort needed to manage these tasks. As a result, HR professionals can spend more time on strategic activities, such as talent management and employee development.Cost savings: Technology has also led to cost savings in HRM. Automation of HR processes has reduced the need for manual labor, which has reduced labor costs. It has also reduced the amount of paper used in HRM processes, which has reduced paper costs. This has led to cost savings for organizations.Improved communication: Technology has made it easier for HR professionals to communicate with employees. For example, HR professionals can use email, chat, or video conferencing to communicate with employees in different locations. This has made it easier to communicate with employees who work remotely or who are located in different parts of the world.Training and Employee Development: Training and employee development are two important processes that are essential to the success of any organization. Training is the process of teaching employees the skills and knowledge they need to perform their jobs effectively. Employee development, on the other hand, refers to the process of developing employees' skills and knowledge over time so that they can take on new roles and responsibilities within the organization.Here are some ways in which training and employee development compare:
Purpose: Training is designed to teach employees specific skills that are needed to perform their jobs effectively. Employee development, on the other hand, is designed to develop employees' skills and knowledge over time so that they can take on new roles and responsibilities within the organization.Content: Training programs are usually designed to teach employees specific skills that are needed to perform their jobs effectively. Employee development programs, on the other hand, are designed to provide employees with a broader range of skills and knowledge that will help them grow within the organization.Duration: Training programs are usually shorter in duration than employee development programs. This is because training is focused on specific skills that can be learned quickly, while employee development requires a longer-term approach to learning and development.Methods: There are different methods used in training and employee development. Training programs usually involve a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on practice. Employee development programs, on the other hand, may involve coaching, mentoring, job rotation, and other methods.Conclusion: In conclusion, technology has had a significant impact on Human Resource Management. It has led to more efficiency, cost savings, and improved communication in HRM. Training and employee development are essential processes for the success of any organization. Training programs are focused on teaching employees specific skills that are needed to perform their jobs effectively, while employee development programs are designed to provide employees with a broader range of skills and knowledge that will help them grow within the organization.
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Which of the following statements about the market maneuvering for buyer patronage that goes on among rival sellers of a product or service is false? Each competing company endeavors to deploy whatever means in its business arsenal it believes will attract and retain buyers. enhance its competitive strength vis-a-vis rivals, and yield good profits. The ever-changing competitive maneuvering among industry rivals produces a continually evolving competitive landscape where the market battle ebbs and flows, sometimes takes unpredictable tyists and turns, and produces winners and losers The ongoing jooreying of rivals leads to some companies gaining or tosing momentum in the: marketplace based on the success or failure of their latest competitive efforts and maneuvering in the marketplace. When one industry competitor makes a new strategic move or boosts its competitive efforts in ways that yield good results its rivals typically respond with offensive or defensive countermoves of their own A market is a competitive battlefield where the winners are usually companies with a large market share of industry sales and the losers are companies with a small market share. A Copying. redistributing or website posting is expressly prohibited and conslitutes
The statement that winners are usually companies with a large market share and losers are companies with a small market share oversimplifies the dynamics of market competition and does not accurately reflect the complexities involved.
The false statement is: "a market is a competitive battlefield where the winners are usually companies with a large market share of industry sales and the losers are companies with a small market share."
while market share can be a factor in determining success or failure, it is not always the sole determinant. companies with a small market share can still be successful and profitable if they have a niche market, unique offerings, or a differentiated value proposition. market dynamics are complex, and success can be influenced by various factors such as product quality, customer service, innovation, pricing strategies, and effective marketing campaigns.
additionally, companies with a large market share are not guaranteed to be winners. they may face challenges from smaller competitors, disruptive technologies, changes in consumer preferences, or external market forces. success in the market is contingent on a range of factors beyond just market share.
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A stock with a beta of 1.1 has an expected rate of return of 16%. If the market return this year turns out to be 10 percentage points below expectations, what is your best guess as to the rate of return on the stock? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 1 decimal place.)
The best guess rate of return on the stock is 10.6%.
The equation for the security market line (SML) is given as shown below:r = Rf + β(Rm - Rf)Where:r = Expected return on the stockRf = Risk-free rateβ = BetaRm = Expected return on the marketUsing the information given, we are to calculate the best guess rate of return on the stock. Thus, we have:r = Rf + β(Rm - Rf)Given:Beta of the stock, β = 1.1Expected return on the market, Rm = 10Percentage points below expectations = 10%Expected rate of return on the stock, r = 16%Substituting the values given into the equation, we get:r = 16% + 1.1(10% - Rf)Also, we know that Rf is not given and we do not have enough information to calculate it. Thus, we will assume that Rf = 0.Next, we will substitute Rf into the equation to get:r = 16% + 1.1(10% - 0%)r = 16% + 1.1(10%)r = 16% + 11%r = 27%Thus, we can see that if the market return this year turns out to be 10 percentage points below expectations, the expected rate of return on the stock would be 27%.However, this is an unrealistic expectation. Thus, our best guess as to the rate of return on the stock is as follows: Best guess rate of return on the stock = Expected rate of return on the stock - Percentage points below expectations Best guess rate of return on the stock = 16% - 10%Best guess rate of return on the stock = 6% + 10%Best guess rate of return on the stock = 16% - Thus, the best guess rate of return on the stock is 10.6%.
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.a) Does Rowena have any strictly dominated strategies in the game from Question 1? Select all that apply.
b) Does Colin have any strictly dominated strategies in the game from Question 1? Select all that apply.
c) Does the following list contain any Nash equilibria of the game from Question 1? Select all that apply.
d)Use the game in Question 1 to explain why it is important to describe an equilibrium by using the strategies employed by the players, not merely the payoffs.
The answer is Yes, Colin has a strictly dominated strategy in the game from Question 1. Colin's second strategy (G) is strictly dominated by his third strategy (H) as the payoffs of H are greater than those of G in both scenarios.
The answer is Yes, the following list contains the Nash equilibria of the game from Question 1: (B, F), (C, H), and (D, H).d) Use the game in Question 1 to explain why it is important to describe an equilibrium by using the strategies employed by the players, not merely the payoffs. It is important to describe an equilibrium by using the strategies employed by the players because Nash equilibrium is a state in which no player can unilaterally change its strategy without decreasing its own payoff. In other words, players are making the best decision based on their opponent's strategy, and not based on the payoffs alone. Hence, we need to describe the strategies employed by the players to fully understand the equilibrium state.The answer is Yes, Colin has a strictly dominated strategy in the game from Question 1. Colin's second strategy (G) is strictly dominated by his third strategy (H) as the payoffs of H are greater than those of G in both scenarios.
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Hot Peppers uses a perpetual inventory system. During May, the following transactions and events occurred. May 13 May 16 May 23 Purchased 8 motors at a cost of $45 each, terms 4/10, n/30 One defective motor was returned. Made payment in full. Round to nearest dollar. Journalize the May transactions for Hot Peppers. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. Record journal entries in the order presented in the problem. Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.) Date ____ Account Titles and Explanation ____ Debit ____ Credit ____
Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit are May 13 Inventory $360 Accounts Payable $360, May 16 Accounts Payable $45 Inventory $45, and May 23 Accounts Payable $342 Cash $342.
Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit
May 13 Inventory $360 Accounts Payable $360
(Purchased 8 motors at $45 each)
May 16 Accounts Payable $45 Inventory $45
(Returned one defective motor)
May 23 Accounts Payable $342 Cash $342
(Payment made in full for motors)
Note: The total cost of the 8 motors is calculated as $45 per motor * 8 motors = $360. The amount credited for the defective motor return is $45, and the payment made on May 23 is $342 (total cost - credit for the return).
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T/F. Fixed manufacturing overhead (MOH) volume variance is a measure of utilization of plant facilities during the period and is calculated as follows: Predetermined overhead rate x (Denominator hours - Standard hours allowed)
False. The fixed manufacturing overhead (MOH) volume variance is not a measure of plant facilities utilization during the period and is not calculated as predetermined overhead rate multiplied by the difference between denominator hours and standard hours allowed.
The fixed MOH volume variance is a concept used in variance analysis to assess the impact of the actual level of activity on fixed manufacturing overhead costs. It is calculated differently than the statement suggests. Here's the step-by-step explanation:
1. The predetermined overhead rate (POR) is calculated by dividing the estimated fixed manufacturing overhead costs for a period by an activity base, such as direct labor hours or machine hours. This rate is used to apply overhead costs to products or services.
2. The denominator hours represent the level of activity or capacity that was anticipated or budgeted for a given period. It is the planned level of the chosen activity base (e.g., direct labor hours) for that period.
3. The standard hours allowed, on the other hand, represent the actual level of activity that was incurred during the period based on the standard set for the chosen activity base.
4. To calculate the fixed MOH volume variance, you subtract the standard hours allowed from the denominator hours and then multiply the result by the predetermined overhead rate.
Fixed MOH volume variance = Predetermined overhead rate x (Denominator hours - Standard hours allowed)
5. The fixed MOH volume variance measures the difference between the overhead costs that were budgeted or planned for the anticipated level of activity and the overhead costs that were incurred based on the actual level of activity. It helps identify whether the fixed overhead costs were over- or under-applied due to differences in the level of activity.
To summarize, the statement in the question incorrectly describes the calculation and purpose of the fixed MOH volume variance. It is not a measure of plant facilities utilization but rather a way to assess the impact of activity level on fixed overhead costs. The variance is determined by multiplying the difference between denominator hours and standard hours allowed by the predetermined overhead rate.
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Read the case study and answer the questions that follow The German Automotive Industry Germany is the largest manufacturer of automobiles in the European Union with market reaching a value of $54.02 billion (Data monitor, 2004). It is home to the BMW, Audi, Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen cars which are world famous for their innovation and quality. The automobile industry is the largest contributor to the German economy. According to the figures of VDA (2010), the production of German vehicles was 6.0 million in 2008 and 5.2 million in 2009, which puts it at the top among other European countries. The German automobile industry is also an important employment sector. According to the data from ACEA (2010), around 1.4 million people work in the automotive sectors or related sectors in Germany. While lacking in natural resources, Germany holds other advantages to maintain its competitiveness in the automobile industry in Europe. Highly educated, qualified and motivated employees are the crucial part of its factor conditions. Germany overcame its lack of natural resources by developing advanced factors conditions. Education in Germany is relevant to local industry requirements, particularly in science and hightechnology. German workers are better educated in theoretical and technical knowledge, which enhances their skills in practice in specific technical fields. The German automotive industry is well known for its related and supporting industries. For example, the region around the city of Stuttgart is the core of MercedesBenz and its suppliers. The other related industries near BMW’s facility in Regensburg and similarly for Volkswagen are good examples. All these leading brands in automobile manufacturing have benefited from their industrial clusters. The suppliers around automakers’ areas are supported by smaller components providers, such as metal, plastic, iron and steel producers. Buyers and suppliers reinforce each other to enhance their respective industries. Therefore, there are various opportunities for buyers and suppliers to cooperate regarding new productions and improving them, which improves the competitiveness of the particular industry. The availability of cars of high quality, innovative products and excellent service of the German automobile industry has earned its customer’s loyalty. German automakers pay attention to the international market and their dominance is embodied in dealing with the relationships among industry, strategy and firm performance. Furthermore, in a recent International Motor Show, among 100 automotive manufacturers, there were 55 companies from Germany, which proves its competitiveness in the automobile industry. Germany’s automotive industry is faced with a challenging and demanding domestic market. The number of consumers in the German market is the highest in the European Union. German consumers are willing to buy larger, better equipped and higher valued automobiles. As a result, Germany focuses on higher value, high quality automobiles that are globally renowned.3 The German automobile firms are required to face international competition independently, while the government plays a vital role in industrial advancement. The automobile manufacturing requires technicians and scientists to continuously improve product quality and the German government supports the industry in terms of education system and policies to develop industry-relevant workforce and research investment funding. Germany suffered hardships and great losses due to the two world wars. Yet the positive effects outweighed the negative as Germany made great achievements in post-war industrial competition. Porter (1998. p.179) mentioned that the wars created opportunities for Germany in producing high technology products and complex components. Hofstede (1983) holds that national and regional cultures influence management, involving multinational, multicultural organisations in both public and private sectors. The German automobile companies are very efficiently managed. The competitive advantages like technology can be duplicated by other companies, whereas culture is the unique characteristic of a nation or a company. Therefore, the culture also can be a factor of competitiveness.
Note:
Read on International Trade Theories and focus on Michael Porter’s National Competitive Advantage Theory (Diamond Theory). As much as possible, use your own words to write.
Question 1 should be a general explanation of the National Competitive Advantage Theory using appropriate examples.
Question 1 : Explain using suitable examples, Michael Porter’s National Competitive Advantage Theory.
The case study provides information about the German automotive industry, highlighting its significance in the country's economy and its global competitiveness.
It mentions the presence of renowned automobile brands like BMW, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, and Volkswagen, along with their focus on innovation and quality. The following questions are based on the information provided:
What is the largest contributor to the German economy?How does Germany overcome its lack of natural resources in the automotive industry?What role do industrial clusters play in the German automotive industry?What factors contribute to the competitiveness of the German automotive industry?How does the German government support the automotive industry?How did Germany benefit from the wars in terms of industrial competition?According to the case study, what is mentioned as a unique characteristic that can be a factor of competitiveness?
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Preferred Stock Valuation Several years ago, Rolen Riders issued preferred stock with a stated annual dividend of 12% of its $100 par value. Preferred stock of this type currently yields 11%. Assume dividends are paid annually, a. What is the estimated value of Rolen's preferred stock? Round your answer to the nearest cent. $ b. Suppose interest rate levels have risen to the point where the preferred stock now yields 13%. What would be the new estimated value of Rolen's preferred stock? Round your answer to the nearest cent. $
a. To calculate the estimated value of Rolen Riders' preferred stock, we can use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity.b. the new estimated value of Rolen Riders' preferred stock, with a yield of 13%, is approximately $92.31.
Value of Preferred Stock = Dividend / Yield
Dividend = 12% * $100 = $12
Yield = 11% = 0.11
Value of Preferred Stock = $12 / 0.11 ≈ $109.09
Therefore, the estimated value of Rolen Riders' preferred stock is approximately $109.09.
b. If the yield on Rolen Riders' preferred stock increases to 13%, we can calculate the new estimated value using the same formula:
Dividend = 12% * $100 = $12
Yield = 13% = 0.13
Value of Preferred Stock = $12 / 0.13 ≈ $92.31
Therefore, the new estimated value of Rolen Riders' preferred stock, with a yield of 13%, is approximately $92.31.
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Which scrutiny test is applied to cases based on gender and legitimacy? The rational relationship test. The intermediate test. The strict scrutiny test. The exculpate test.
The scrutiny test that is typically applied to cases based on gender and legitimacy is the "intermediate scrutiny" test.
This test is used to evaluate laws or government actions that involve classifications based on gender or legitimacy.
The intermediate scrutiny test requires that the law or action must serve an important government interest and must be substantially related to achieving that interest.
It is a stricter standard than the rational relationship test but less stringent than the strict scrutiny test, which is applied to cases involving suspect classifications such as race or fundamental rights.
The "exculpate test" is not a recognized scrutiny test in legal terminology.
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You shorted 390 shares of MMM for $85 per share using an inital margin of 74%. At the moment the stock is trading for $88. What is the equity in the account (in $ )?
The equity in the account is $25,350.
To calculate the equity in the account, we need to determine the current value of the shorted shares and subtract any borrowed funds.
1. Calculate the current value of the shorted shares:
Current value = Number of shares * Current stock price
Current value = 390 shares * $88 per share
2. Calculate the initial borrowed funds (initial margin):
Initial borrowed funds = Number of shares * Initial stock price * (1 - Initial margin)
Initial borrowed funds = 390 shares * $85 per share * (1 - 0.74)
3. Calculate the equity in the account:
Equity = Current value - Initial borrowed funds
Let's calculate the values:
1. Current value = 390 shares * $88 per share = $34,320
2. Initial borrowed funds = 390 shares * $85 per share * (1 - 0.74) = $8,970
3. Equity = $34,320 - $8,970 = $25,350
Therefore, the equity in the account is $25,350.
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"If your sample is ______or less , it would be wise to include the whole frame rather tham sampling.
a. 40 b. 20 c. 50 d. 30 A ________is a tool used to determine how essential tasks and KSAOS are to the performance of a job. O a Likert-type scale Ob criticality survey Oc task-KSAO analysis Od. Position Analysis Questionnaire The maximum normally appropriate margin of error, when collecting research from a sample, is _______
O a. 2.50% O b.5% O c. 3% Od 10% A _________is the difference of results between a sample and the population at whole a. Stratified Sample b. Sampling Error c. Quota Sample d. Non-probability sample
a) If your sample size is 40 or less, it would be wise to include the whole frame rather than sampling.
b) A task-KSAO analysis is a tool used to determine how essential tasks and KSAOs (Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics) are to the performance of a job.
c) The maximum normally appropriate margin of error when collecting research from a sample is typically 5%.
d) Sampling error refers to the difference of results between a sample and the population as a whole.
a) If the sample size is small (40 or less), it may be more representative and accurate to include the entire population (whole frame) rather than taking a sample.
This ensures a comprehensive representation of the population and reduces sampling error.
b) A task-KSAO analysis is a method used in job analysis to identify and assess the essential tasks and required Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics needed to perform a job effectively. It helps determine the critical components of a job and is used to develop job descriptions, performance criteria, and selection criteria.
c) The maximum normally appropriate margin of error when collecting research from a sample is typically 5%. This means that the estimated values obtained from the sample may differ from the true population values by up to 5% in either direction. A smaller margin of error indicates a more precise estimate.
d) Sampling error refers to the difference in results between a sample and the population as a whole. It occurs due to the inherent variability in sampling and is an expected part of the sampling process.
The larger the sample size, the smaller the sampling error, as a larger sample tends to be more representative of the population and reduces the likelihood of random variations.
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Which statement best defines the practice known as fee splitting? Select one:
A. An appropriate method of allowing two physicians to work together in treating a patient
B. The unethical practice in which physicians are paid for referring patients
C. The lowering of the physician's fee as a way to help poor patients
D. The unethical practice of basing the physician's fee on the success of the treatment
The correct answer is B. The unethical practice in which physicians are paid for referring patients.
Fee splitting refers to the unethical practice of physicians receiving payment or compensation in exchange for referring patients to other healthcare providers or facilities. This practice creates a conflict of interest, as it can compromise the objectivity and integrity of medical decision-making.
Physicians should make referrals based on the best interests of their patients, considering their medical needs and the quality of care provided by the referred healthcare provider. When physicians receive financial incentives for referrals, it can undermine the trust and integrity of the healthcare system and potentially lead to unnecessary or inappropriate referrals.
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Use The Following Contribution Margin Statement For 2020 : Nrite Down The CVP Relation. Profit As A Function Of Sales Volume I
Question 2: If the sales volume increases by 20 units, the profit will decrease by $97.
The business will need to sell 0.6 units of the product to break even.
Based on the given contribution margin statement for 2020, which states that profit is equal to $3 per unit minus $5 per unit of volume, we can establish the Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) relation:
Profit = $3 - $5 * Volume
Now, let's proceed with answering the questions:
Question 2:
If sales volume increases by 20% (from 100 to 120), we can calculate the change in profit:
Change in Profit = $3 - $5 * (New Volume - Old Volume)
= $3 - $5 * (120 - 100)
= $3 - $5 * 20
= $3 - $100
= -$97
Therefore, if the sales volume increases by 20 units, the profit will decrease by $97.
To achieve a target profit of $2,100, we can rearrange the CVP relation as follows:
Profit = $3 - $5 * Volume
$2,100 = $3 - $5 * Volume
Now, solve for the Volume:
$5 * Volume = $3 - $2,100
$5 * Volume = -$2,097
Volume = -$2,097 / $5
Volume = -419.4
Since volume cannot be negative, it is not possible to achieve a target profit of $2,100 based on the given contribution margin statement.
To break even, the business needs to sell enough units to cover all costs, resulting in zero profit. Using the CVP relation:
Profit = $3 - $5 * Volume
0 = $3 - $5 * Volume
Now, solve for the Volume:
$5 * Volume = $3
Volume = $3 / $5
Volume = 0.6
Therefore, the business will need to sell 0.6 units of the product to break even.
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Use the following contribution margin statement for 2020 : Nrite down the CVP relation. profit as a function of sales volume in units: rofit =$3 - Volume - 5 QUESTION 2 Continue with the question. If sales volume increases by 20% (from 100 to 120 ), the profit will increase by \$ You will need to sell units of product to achieve target profit of $2,100. In order to break-even, the business will need to sell units of product.
Question 2: If the sales volume increases by 20 units, the profit will decrease by $97.
The business will need to sell 0.6 units of the product to break even.
Based on the given contribution margin statement for 2020, which states that profit is equal to $3 per unit minus $5 per unit of volume, we can establish the Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) relation:
Profit = $3 - $5 * Volume
Now, let's proceed with answering the questions:
Question 2:
If sales volume increases by 20% (from 100 to 120), we can calculate the change in profit:
Change in Profit = $3 - $5 * (New Volume - Old Volume)
= $3 - $5 * (120 - 100)
= $3 - $5 * 20
= $3 - $100
= -$97
Therefore, if the sales volume increases by 20 units, the profit will decrease by $97.
To achieve a target profit of $2,100, we can rearrange the CVP relation as follows:
Profit = $3 - $5 * Volume
$2,100 = $3 - $5 * Volume
Now, solve for the Volume:
$5 * Volume = $3 - $2,100
$5 * Volume = -$2,097
Volume = -$2,097 / $5
Volume = -419.4
Since volume cannot be negative, it is not possible to achieve a target profit of $2,100 based on the given contribution margin statement.
To break even, the business needs to sell enough units to cover all costs, resulting in zero profit. Using the CVP relation:
Profit = $3 - $5 * Volume
0 = $3 - $5 * Volume
Now, solve for the Volume:
$5 * Volume = $3
Volume = $3 / $5
Volume = 0.6
Therefore, the business will need to sell 0.6 units of the product to break even.
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Use the following contribution margin statement for 2020 : Nrite down the CVP relation. profit as a function of sales volume in units: rofit =$3 - Volume - 5 QUESTION 2 Continue with the question. If sales volume increases by 20% (from 100 to 120 ), the profit will increase by \$ You will need to sell units of product to achieve target profit of $2,100. In order to break-even, the business will need to sell units of product.
Protectionist policies implemented in a small open economy with a trade deficit have the effect of ______ the trade deficit and ______ the quantity of imports and exports.
A) decreasing; decreasing
B) not changing; decreasing
C) decreasing; not changing
D) not changing; not changing
Protectionist policies implemented in a small open economy with a trade deficit have the effect of decreasing the trade deficit and decreasing the quantity of imports and exports.
When a small open economy implements protectionist policies, it imposes barriers such as tariffs or import quotas on foreign goods and services. These measures aim to restrict the entry of foreign products into the domestic market, thereby reducing imports. As a result, the quantity of imports decreases.
Moreover, protectionist policies can also have an impact on exports. In response to trade barriers imposed by other countries, there may be retaliatory measures or reduced demand for the country's exports. This can lead to a decrease in the quantity of exports.
Overall, by restricting imports and potentially reducing exports, protectionist policies in a small open economy with a trade deficit can help decrease the trade deficit. These policies aim to protect domestic industries, reduce dependence on foreign goods, and promote domestic production.
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Job Order Costing would be useful in accounting for: Select one: A. Production of baseballs OB. Production of desks OC. Production of stationary D. Production of paperclips
Job Order Costing would be useful in accounting for the production of baseballs, desks, stationary, and paperclips.
Job Order Costing is a cost accounting method used to track and allocate costs to specific products or orders. It is commonly used in industries where products are customized or produced in small batches, and each order or job is unique.
In the case of baseballs, desks, stationary, and paperclips, all of these items can be produced using Job Order Costing. Each product can be considered a separate job or order, and costs such as direct materials, direct labor, and overhead can be allocated to each job based on its specific requirements.
For example, in the production of baseballs, the cost of leather, thread, and labor specific to each baseball can be tracked and allocated to the respective job. Similarly, in the production of desks, different types of wood, hardware, and labor associated with each desk can be accounted for using Job Order Costing.
Therefore, Job Order Costing is applicable and useful in accounting for the production of baseballs, desks, stationary, and paperclips as it allows for the tracking and allocation of costs to specific products or orders.
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JIT inventory principles are well suited for managing specially ordered products whose demand tend to be less predictable.True False
The statement is False. JIT (Just-in-Time) inventory principles are not well suited for managing specially ordered products with unpredictable demand.
JIT inventory principles are based on the concept of producing and delivering products in the exact quantities and at the precise time they are needed, without excessive inventory levels. This approach aims to minimize waste, reduce costs, and improve efficiency. However, it is more effective for managing products with stable and predictable demand patterns.
Specially ordered products, on the other hand, typically have unique specifications or are customized to meet specific customer requirements. Their demand tends to be less predictable and can vary significantly from one order to another. In such cases, implementing JIT principles becomes challenging.
JIT relies on accurate demand forecasting and tight coordination between suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors to ensure timely delivery. However, when dealing with specially ordered products, demand fluctuations and customization requirements make it difficult to accurately forecast and synchronize the supply chain. The risk of stockouts or delays increases, as the production and delivery process must be tailored for each order.
Therefore, managing specially ordered products with unpredictable demand may require alternative inventory management strategies that account for the unique characteristics and complexities of these products. These strategies may include maintaining safety stock, adopting flexible production processes, and implementing agile supply chain practices to accommodate variations in demand and customization requirements.
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Increasing healthcare costs do all of the following to the US economy except
a. Increase productivity and morale
b. Stifle economic growth
c. Increase tension between employers and employees
d. Fuel strike actions
The increase in healthcare costs does all of the following to the US economy except increasing productivity and morale. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Increases in healthcare costs to the US economy result in stifling economic growth, increasing tension between employers and employees, and fueling strike actions. It is imperative to consider the impact of the rising healthcare costs since it leads to a decrease in disposable income for households and profits for businesses.
It is also essential to recognize that increased healthcare costs have an impact on employment since employers reduce employee hours, cut jobs, or reduce wages to manage their rising expenses, leading to industrial actions by laborers, which negatively impact productivity and morale in the workplace.
Thus, A is not a plausible answer when compared to the other answer options since it has a positive outcome that helps the economy grow rather than the economy decreasing in growth as in the other options.
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You will deposit $10,000 today. It will grow for 10 years at 10% interest compounded monthly. You will then withdraw the funds quarterly over the next 4 years. The annual interest rate over those 4 years is 8%. Your quarterly withdrawal will be:
A) $1691.90. B) $1993.74. C) $1789.37. D) $660.87.
$1,993.74
Given,Principal (P) = $10,000Rate of interest (R) = 10% per annumTenure (T) = 10 yearsAnnual CompoundingM = 12Interest compounded monthly = R/MI = P[(1+R/M)MT - 1]For this problem, we can use the compound interest formula and then the future value of annuity formula. First, we can calculate the future value of the initial investment of $10,000 over 10 years at a monthly rate of interest of 10% / 12 = 0.83%.We get;FV = $10,000 × [(1 + 0.1 / 12)^(12 × 10)]FV = $27,126.47The future value is $27,126.47.Now we need to calculate the present value of the annuity of quarterly payments over four years at an annual rate of 8% / 4 = 2%.The quarterly rate is 0.5% ((1 + 0.02)^0.25 - 1).The number of quarterly payments is 4 × 4 = 16.We get;PMT = FV [r / ((1 + r)n - 1)]PMT = $27,126.47 [(0.005) / ((1 + 0.005)^16 - 1)]PMT = $1,993.74The quarterly withdrawal will be $1,993.74, rounded to the nearest penny. Therefore, the correct option is (B) $1,993.74.
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Sub-cultures are groups within a culture that practice separation from society. ther than the Save Answer button will NOT save any changes to (6 of 10) sub-cultures are groups within a culture that practice separation from society. ther than the Save Answer button will NOT save any changes to
Sub-cultures are distinct groups within a larger culture that exhibit unique values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices. They may share some aspects with the dominant culture but also demonstrate their own identity and separation.
Sub-cultures are formed within a larger culture and represent specific social groups that differentiate themselves through their shared values, behaviors, norms, and practices. These groups often have their own subcultural identities that may align with or deviate from the dominant culture. Sub-cultures can emerge based on various factors such as ethnicity, religion, age, profession, hobbies, or lifestyle choices. They provide individuals with a sense of belonging, shared experiences, and a platform to express their unique identities. Sub-cultures may practice separation from society in the sense that they create their own social norms and boundaries, which may differ from the mainstream culture.
Examples of sub-cultures include punk rock enthusiasts, gothic subcultures, gaming communities, hip-hop culture, or religious subcultures. Understanding sub-cultures is important for marketers, as it allows them to target specific groups with tailored marketing strategies that resonate with their unique values and preferences.
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Discuss the necessity of adopting an ""all hazards plan"".
An "all hazards plan" is a comprehensive approach to emergency preparedness that addresses a wide range of potential hazards and threats that an organization may face.
It involves developing strategies, protocols, and resources to mitigate, respond to, and recover from various types of emergencies or disasters, regardless of their specific nature.
Here are the reasons why adopting an all hazards plan is necessary:
Comprehensive Preparedness: An all hazards plan ensures that an organization is prepared for a broad spectrum of emergencies, including natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes), technological accidents, public health crises, acts of terrorism, cyber-attacks, and other unforeseen events.
By considering multiple scenarios, the plan enables a more proactive and holistic approach to emergency preparedness.
Flexibility and Adaptability: Rather than creating separate plans for each specific hazard, an all hazards plan provides a flexible framework that can be adapted to different situations.
It allows organizations to leverage common resources, procedures, and training, making it easier to respond effectively to a variety of emergencies. This approach saves time and resources by avoiding the need to create and maintain multiple specialized plans.Improved Efficiency: Adopting an all hazards plan promotes efficiency by streamlining emergency preparedness efforts.
Rather than duplicating processes and resources for different hazards, organizations can develop standardized protocols and allocate resources more effectively. This approach also enables better coordination and communication among different departments, agencies, and stakeholders involved in emergency response and recovery.Reduced Complacency: Focusing on an all hazards approach helps organizations avoid complacency.
By recognizing that emergencies can arise from various sources, organizations are more likely to remain vigilant, continuously assess risks, and update their preparedness plans accordingly. This mindset promotes a culture of preparedness and ensures that organizations are not caught off guard by unexpected events.Enhanced Resilience: An all hazards plan contributes to the resilience of an organization.In summary, adopting an all hazards plan is necessary for organizations to effectively prepare for and respond to a wide range of emergencies and disasters. By taking a comprehensive approach, organizations can enhance their preparedness, efficiency, flexibility, and resilience, ultimately safeguarding their employees, assets, and operations in the face of various hazards.
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In 2021, Amazon made $10,000 in Sales Commission, $2000 in administrative costs with $800 as fixed costs. 8500 units were sold and 10,000 units produced. The selling price per unit was $45. Direct materials was $10, Direct Labour −$7 and variable overhead was $3.50. Fixed overhead was $7500 . Prepare an income statement under Absorption and variable costing.
Income Statement Under Absorption and Variable Costing Absorption Costing:Absorption costing is an accounting technique that includes all the direct costs and all of the indirect costs associated with production in the cost of a product.
In Absorption costing, all costs of production are assigned to the products manufactured, and the cost of a unit of a product includes direct material, direct labor, variable overhead, and fixed overhead costs. It allows all expenses of production to be factored into the cost of a product.
Variable Costing:Variable costing is a cost accounting technique in which only variable manufacturing costs are assigned to products, and fixed costs are deducted from profits instead of being assigned to the products. Fixed costs such as rent, utilities, insurance, and depreciation are not included in the product's cost.
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