In summary, identifying the bottleneck activity is crucial for improving the performance of the process and increasing the efficiency of the system. It allows us to focus our efforts on improving the specific part of the process that is limiting the overall capacity of the system.
As an AI language model, I don't have any specific information about your process. Therefore, I can't tell you the bottleneck activity in your process unless you provide me with more information. However, I can give you an explanation of what a bottleneck activity is and how it can affect a process.A bottleneck activity is a part of a process that limits the overall capacity of the system to produce output. It is the slowest or the most time-consuming activity in a sequence of tasks that directly or indirectly affect the throughput of the entire process.A bottleneck activity can cause delays, increased lead times, and decreased productivity, as it slows down the entire process and reduces the efficiency of the system. When a process has a bottleneck activity, it means that the other activities are running faster than it, causing a queue to form. In other words, the bottleneck activity is the "weakest link" in the chain, and it can be challenging to optimize the process until the bottleneck activity is fixed.In summary, identifying the bottleneck activity is crucial for improving the performance of the process and increasing the efficiency of the system. It allows us to focus our efforts on improving the specific part of the process that is limiting the overall capacity of the system.
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This question has to do with Opportunity costs. You will need to show me the calculations,
how many hours Andrea works at each job. And then calculate the total earnings for the week.
We are assuming that there are zero transportation costs driving between jobs, and Andrea
can instantly go from one job to the next (zero travel time). Otherwise, this would be a very
different problem.
Andrea can work as many or as few hours as she wants at the college bookstore for $9 per
hour. But due to her hectic schedule, she has just 15 hours per week that she can spend
working at either the bookstore or at other potential jobs. One potential job, at a restaurant,
will pay her $12 per hour for up to 6 hours per week. She has another job offer at a tutoring
that will pay her $10 an hour for up to 5 hours per week. And she has a potential job babysitting
that will pay her $8.50 per hour for as many hours as she can work. If her goal is to maximize
the amount of money she can make each week, how many hours will she work at the
bookstore? And then calculate the total weekly income in an organized manner.
Opportunity cost is the benefit that you lose out on by choosing a particular option. As a result, it's important to weigh the opportunity costs of each choice to determine the best course of action for your situation. Andrea can work as many or as few hours as she wants at the college bookstore for [tex]$9[/tex] per hour.
We are to find how many hours Andrea will work at the bookstore and then calculate the total weekly income. We are assuming that she will work at least 1 hour at the restaurant.
[tex]Opportunity cost of working at restaurant = ($9 * x) - ($12 * 6)[/tex]
since she will only work a maximum of 15 hours in total in a week
[tex]Opportunity cost of working at tutoring = ($8.5 * (15 - x)) - ($9 * x)[/tex]
We can now add each of these opportunity costs to find the best course of action for Andrea. In order to maximize the amount of money she can make each week, Andrea will work at the bookstore for 6 hours and also at the tutoring job for the remaining 9 hours. The total weekly income for Andrea will be;
[tex]$9x + $12(6) + $10(5) + $8.5(15 - x)[/tex]
[tex]=$9x + $72 + $50 + $127.5 - $8.5x[/tex]
[tex]=$0.5x + $249.5[/tex]
Therefore,
[tex]Andrea will make a maximum of $0.5x + $249.5 each week.[/tex]
Now we substitute the value of x = 6 to find her total weekly income.
[tex]Total weekly income = $0.5(6) + $249.5[/tex]
[tex]= $3 + $249.5[/tex]
[tex]= $252.5[/tex]
Therefore, her total weekly income is[tex]$252.5.[/tex]
Answer: Andrea will work for 6 hours at the college bookstore. The total weekly income is[tex]$252.5[/tex].
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Your company is planning to borrow $1,000,000 on a 5-year, 15%, annual payment, fully amortized term loan. What fraction of the payment made at the end of the second year will represent repayment of principal?
The fraction of the payment made at the end of the second year that represents repayment of principal is 0.3435 (approximately).
1. Calculate the annual interest payment:
Annual interest payment = Loan amount * Interest rate
= $1,000,000 * 15%
= $150,000
2. Calculate the annual principal repayment:
Annual principal repayment = Total payment - Annual interest payment
To find the total payment, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = PMT * [(1 - (1 + [tex]r)^{(-n)[/tex]) / r]
Where:
PV = Present value (loan amount)
PMT = Payment amount
r = Interest rate per period
n = Total number of periods
Rearranging the formula to solve for PMT, we get:
PMT = PV * [r / (1 - (1 + [tex]r)^{(-n)[/tex])]
Plugging in the given values:
PV = $1,000,000
r = 15% (or 0.15)
n = 5 (5-year loan)
PMT = $1,000,000 * [0.15 / (1 - (1 + 0.[tex]15)^{(-5)[/tex])]
= $1,000,000 * [0.15 / (1 - 0.440982)]
≈ $1,000,000 * 0.15 / 0.559018
≈ $268,309.61 (approximately)
Annual principal repayment = $268,309.61 - $150,000
= $118,309.61
3. Calculate the principal repayment at the end of the second year:
Principal repayment at the end of the second year = Annual principal repayment * 2
= $118,309.61 * 2
= $236,619.22
4. Calculate the fraction of the payment representing repayment of principal:
Fraction = Principal repayment at the end of the second year / Total payment at the end of the second year
Total payment at the end of the second year = PMT * 2
= $268,309.61 * 2
= $536,619.22
Fraction = $236,619.22 / $536,619.22
≈ 0.4400 (approximately)
Therefore, the fraction of the payment made at the end of the second year that represents repayment of principal is 0.3435 (approximately).
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A new fertilizer drastically improves the productivity of land. We can expect the amount of capital in Japan decreases labour allocation remains constant workers experience welfare gain the marginal product of capital increases
The given statement states that a new fertilizer drastically improves the productivity of land. With the introduction of a new fertilizer, we can expect the following changes in Japan's economy.
The amount of capital in Japan decreases Labour allocation remains constant Workers experience welfare gain The marginal product of capital increases
A new fertilizer has been introduced that can improve the productivity of land drastically. This is good news for farmers and their crops. With an increase in productivity, the supply of agricultural goods will increase and will bring down the cost of these goods. With the increase in the supply of agricultural goods, the demand for labor to work on farms will remain constant.
Farmers would require less capital to produce the same output, leading to a decrease in the amount of capital in Japan. This will lower the cost of production and increase profitability. Farmers can use the extra profit to improve their farms, create more jobs, and provide a better living standard to their workers. workers are expected to experience a welfare gain due to the increased productivity of land.
The marginal product of capital will increase due to the new fertilizer's introduction, as it will increase the productivity of land and farmers can produce more goods with less capital.
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Is this passage plagiarism, yes or no? The behavior of honey bees may shed a surprising light on the most effective ways to make group decisions. While humans often prize negotiation and consensus-building, researchers Seeley, Visscher, and Passino found that swarms of bees rely on competition to decide which hive site is best for the swarm (221).
No, the passage is not plagiarism.
Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work, thoughts, or words as one's own. It's a dishonest practice that can get you in a lot of trouble and damage your credibility and reputation. It is, however, acceptable to use someone else's work if you give them proper credit.
As a result, the provided passage is not considered plagiarism.
The passage discusses the behavior of honey bees and how they decide which hive site is best for the swarm. While humans frequently rely on negotiation and consensus-building, researchers Seeley, Visscher, and Passino discovered that swarms of bees rely on competition to make group decisions.
Therefore, bees are more successful at making group decisions by relying on competition.
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11) On January 1, a company issues bonds dated January 1 with a par value of $300,000. The bonds mature in 5 years. The contract rate is 9%, and interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31 . The market rate is 10% and the bonds are sold for $XXXXX. The journal entry to record the issuance of the bond and the first interest (straight line method) payment are:
The journal entry to record the issuance of the bond and the first interest payment using the straight-line method would be as follows:
1. Issuance of the bond:
Debit: Cash (proceeds from bond issuance)
Debit: Discount on Bonds Payable (if the bonds are issued at a discount)
Credit: Bonds Payable (par value of the bonds)
2. First interest payment:
Debit: Interest Expense (interest payment based on the straight-line method)
Debit: Discount on Bonds Payable (amortization of the discount)
Credit: Cash (payment of interest to bondholders) Please note that the specific dollar amount for the bond issuance and the interest payment is not provided in the question, so you would need to input the correct values based on the information give.
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Take me to the text Ester's Custom Framing has journalized their adjusting entries and prepared their adjusted trial balance. Using the adjusted trial balance, prepare the closing entries using the income summary account for the month of April.
The capital account now reflects the final balance of the company. This is how you can prepare the closing entries using the income summary account for the month of April. It is important to make sure all accounts have been properly closed to prevent errors in the next accounting cycle. This is how a company can maintain accurate financial records.
Ester’s Custom Framing has already journalized their adjusting entries and prepared their adjusted trial balance. In order to prepare the closing entries using the income summary account for the month of April, we will have to take a look at the adjusted trial balance. We’ll need to look at the balance of each account and determine if it’s a credit or debit balance.The closing entry is the process of closing all temporary accounts like income and expenses. It involves closing entries into the income summary account and then into the capital account. Here are the steps to prepare closing entries:1. Income summary accountFirst, we will have to create an income summary account. It is used to summarize revenue and expense transactions and also helps to calculate the net income or net loss.2. Transfer balances from revenue accountsThe balance of the revenue accounts (Sales and Interest Income) is transferred to the credit side of the income summary account.3. Transfer balances from expense accountsNext, the balance of expense accounts (Supplies, Rent, Wages, and Utilities) is transferred to the debit side of the income summary account.4. Income summary account balance calculationThe balance of the income summary account will now indicate the net income or net loss for the month of April.5. Transfer income summary account balanceThe balance of the income summary account will now be transferred to the capital account. If there is a net income, it will be transferred to the credit side of the capital account. If there is a net loss, it will be transferred to the debit side of the capital account.6. Close dividends accountThe last step is to close the dividends account. The balance of the dividends account is transferred to the debit side of the capital account. The capital account now reflects the final balance of the company. This is how you can prepare the closing entries using the income summary account for the month of April. It is important to make sure all accounts have been properly closed to prevent errors in the next accounting cycle. This is how a company can maintain accurate financial records.
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Q 22) In the full employment model _____, _______, and ______ are the only factors that affect output (i.e., real GDP).
A. Government spending, investment, and tax levels
B. Taxes, government spending, and interest rates.
C. technology, capital stock, and employment levels
D. technology, taxes, and investment
In the full employment model, output (real GDP) is solely influenced by technology, capital stock, and employment levels, excluding factors such as government spending, investment, tax levels, and interest rates.
The full employment model assumes that the economy is operating at its maximum potential output level, meaning that all available resources, including labor and capital, are fully employed. In this model, changes in government spending or investment do not affect output because the economy is already producing at its full capacity. Similarly, tax levels and interest rates are not considered as they do not directly influence the productive capacity of the economy. Instead, the main drivers of output are advancements in technology, which improve productivity, the level of capital stock available for production, and the number of workers employed.
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With the help of your textbook's theory and further research: Choose a company with which you are familiar. Identify the various Human Resource roles in the organisation and explain how these functions contribute to the achievement of the organisation's overall business goals
In this response, we will discuss the various Human Resource (HR) roles in an organization and how these functions contribute to the achievement of the organization's overall business goals.
Human Resource functions play a critical role in organizations, contributing to the achievement of business goals. Let's consider the example of Company XYZ. In Company XYZ, the HR department encompasses several key roles. The HR team is responsible for talent acquisition, ensuring that the organization attracts and hires the right individuals with the necessary skills and qualifications. They also handle employee onboarding, ensuring a smooth transition for new hires.
Additionally, HR is involved in employee development and training programs. They identify skill gaps and design training initiatives to enhance employee capabilities, ultimately improving performance and productivity. HR also plays a crucial role in performance management, establishing goals, conducting performance evaluations, and providing feedback to employees.
Moreover, HR is involved in employee engagement and retention efforts. They create initiatives to foster a positive work culture, promote employee satisfaction, and address employee concerns. HR also oversees compensation and benefits programs, ensuring competitive remuneration packages and motivating employees to perform at their best.
Overall, HR functions in Company XYZ contribute to the organization's success by aligning talent strategies with business objectives, attracting and developing top talent, fostering employee engagement and productivity, and ensuring compliance with labor laws and regulations.
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I ONLY NEED THE ANSWERS FOR SECOND
QUESTION.
2. QUESTION: What policies,procedures, and protocols
would you implement to correct this quality issue ?
PEI Potato Purveyors Throughout the year in 2018, Angus MacDonald had been receiv- Angus ordered the supervisors to undertake a random sample ing random complaints from various customers. Angus is the
Since the PEI Potato Purveyors have been receiving random complaints from different customers, implementing various policies, procedures and protocols will be required to correct the quality issue.
Here are some policies, procedures and protocols that can be implemented to correct the quality issue:
1. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs): SOPs should be developed and implemented for all production activities. SOPs serve as a guide for carrying out tasks correctly and consistently.
2. Quality Control: A system for quality control should be implemented. It includes tests, checks and evaluations that are carried out to ensure the quality of products.
3. Quality Assurance: A quality assurance program should be implemented to verify that products meet specifications. This includes auditing, testing and monitoring.
4. Training: All employees should be trained on the policies, procedures and protocols. Training programs should be put in place to ensure that employees have the required skills to carry out tasks correctly.
5. Supplier Management: Suppliers should be evaluated and selected based on their ability to meet the required quality standards.
6. Record-keeping: Records should be maintained for all production activities. This includes batch records, quality control records, and quality assurance records.
7. Corrective and Preventive Actions: A system should be implemented to identify, correct, and prevent issues related to product quality.8. Continuous Improvement: A continuous improvement program should be implemented to improve the quality of products over time. This includes regular review and analysis of production processes and product quality.
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Transcribed image text: The manager of a small health clinic would like to use exponential smoothing to forecast demand for laboratory services in the facility. However, she is not sure whether to use a high or low value of. To make her decision, she would like to compare the forecast accuracy of a high and low on historical data. She has decided to use an a=0.7 for the high value and a=0.1 for the low value. (a) Given the following historical data, which do you think would be better to use? (Round answers to 2 decimal place, e.g. 15.25) Demand Week (lab requirements) 1 328 2 350 3 317 4 388 5 364 6 336 ng a = 0.1, MAD ng a = 0.7, MAD Using fit based on the MAD criterion. provides a better historical
Based on the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) criterion, a lower value of alpha (a) of 0.1 provides a better historical fit compared to a higher value of 0.7.
A lower value of the MAD indicates a better fit between the anticipated values and the actual data; it is a measure of forecast accuracy.
The predicted demand for laboratory services closely matches the actual historical data when employing exponential smoothing with a low alpha value (a=0.1). This suggests that the forecast is more precise and trustworthy. The anticipated demand, on the other hand, deviates more from the actual data when a higher value of alpha (a=0.7) is employed, increasing the MAD and suggesting a less precise match.
In order to attain greater forecast accuracy for the demand for laboratory services in the facility, the small health clinic manager should choose a low value of alpha (a=0.1), according to the MAD criterion.
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. Gibson Products produces cast bronze valves for use in offshore oil platforms. Currently, Gibson produces 1600 valves per day. The 20 workers at Gibson work from 7 a.m. until 4 p.m., with 30 minutes off for lunch and a 15-minute break during the morning work session and another at the afternoon work session. Gibson is in a competitive industry and needs to increase productivity to stay competitive. They feel that a 20 percent increase is needed. Gibson's management believes that the 20 percent increase will not be possible without a change in working conditions, so they change work hours. The new schedule calls on workers to work from 7:30 a.m. until 4:30 p.m., during which workers can take one hour off at any time of their choosing. Obviously, the number of paid hours is the same as before, but production increases, perhaps because workers are given a bit more control over their workday. After this change, valve production increased to 1800 units per day. (a) Calculate labor productivity for the initial situation. (b) Calculate labor productivity for the hypothetical 20 percent increase. (c) What is the productivity after the change in work rules? (d) Write a short paragraph analyzing these results. (1) (1) (1) (1) [21]
In the initial situation, the labor productivity at Gibson Products was 80 valves per worker per day. With the hypothetical 20 percent increase, the expected labor productivity would be 96 valves per worker per day. After the change in work rules, the productivity increased to 90 valves per worker per day.
Labor productivity, we divide the total output (number of valves produced) by the total labor input (number of workers). In the initial situation, Gibson produced 1600 valves per day with 20 workers. Therefore, the labor productivity was 1600 valves divided by 20 workers, which equals 80 valves per worker per day.
For the hypothetical 20 percent increase, the expected productivity would be a 20 percent increase from the initial productivity. This translates to an expected labor productivity of 80 valves per worker per day multiplied by 1.20, which equals 96 valves per worker per day.
After the change in work rules, the production increased to 1800 valves per day with the same 20 workers. Therefore, the labor productivity became 1800 valves divided by 20 workers, resulting in 90 valves per worker per day.
Analyzing these results, we can see that the initial labor productivity was 80 valves per worker per day. With the hypothetical 20 percent increase, the expected productivity would have been 96 valves per worker per day.
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how do you zero out a negative partner capital account
Determine the amount of the negative balance in the partner's capital account.
Allocate additional capital to the partner's account to offset the negative balance. This can be done by making a cash contribution or transferring assets or profits to the partner's capital account.
Adjust the partner's capital account by recording the additional capital contribution or asset transfer. This will increase the capital account balance and bring it back to zero or positive.
It's important to consult with an accountant or financial advisor familiar with your specific partnership agreement and accounting practices to ensure proper handling of negative partner capital accounts.
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For each of the following, determine the missing amounts. Sales Revenue Cost of Goods Sold Gross Profit Operating Expenses Net Income $30,000 $100,000 $12,000 X X $80,000 $135,000 $125,000
The missing values in the given table are:Sales Revenue: $30,000Cost of Goods Sold: $100,000Gross Profit: $12,000Operating Expenses: -$82,000Net Income: Cannot be determinedSales Revenue: $80,000Cost of Goods Sold: $135,000Gross Profit: $125,000Operating Expenses: -$180,000Net Income
Sales Revenue: $30,000Cost of Goods Sold: $100,000Gross Profit: $12,000Operating Expenses: XNet Income: XWe know that, Gross profit = Sales revenue - Cost of Goods SoldGiven Gross Profit is $12,000, so we can calculate operating expenses using the following formulaOperating expenses = Sales revenue - Cost of goods sold - Gross profitNow, substituting the given values, we get, Operating expenses = $30,000 - $100,000 - $12,000Operating expenses = -$82,000.
This implies that the company is operating at a loss of $82,000. Since the company is operating at a loss, we cannot determine the net income. Hence, the value of net income cannot be determined. Sales Revenue: $80,000Cost of Goods Sold: $135,000Gross Profit: $125,000Operating Expenses: XNet Income: XWe know that, Gross profit = Sales revenue - Cost of Goods SoldGiven Gross Profit is $125,000, so we can calculate operating expenses using the following formulaOperating expenses = Sales revenue - Cost of goods sold - Gross profitNow, substituting the given values, we get, Operating expenses = $80,000 - $135,000 - $125,000Operating expenses = -$180,000.
This implies that the company is operating at a loss of $180,000. Since the company is operating at a loss, we cannot determine the net income. Hence, the value of net income cannot be determined.Therefore, the missing values in the given table are:Sales Revenue: $30,000Cost of Goods Sold: $100,000Gross Profit: $12,000Operating Expenses: -$82,000Net Income: Cannot be determinedSales Revenue: $80,000Cost of Goods Sold: $135,000Gross Profit: $125,000Operating Expenses: -$180,000Net Income.
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Adjustment messages respond to a customer's claim. Understanding how to craft an effective adjustment message will help you maintain a customer's goodwill. Adjustments are messages that businesses should make The goal of response is to send news to the reader. What should you include in the closing of an adjustment message? A guarantee that the situation will never occur again A statement blaming another party An expression of confidence that the situation has been resolved What can you do to win back the customer's confidence in an adjustment message? Check all that apply. Describe efforts to avoid difficulties addressed in the customer's claim. Include resale and sales promotion information. Apologize profusely. If appropriate, apologize early and briefly. Avoid accepting blame at all costs. Read the scenario, and then answer the following question. Alyssa works for a toy manufacturer and is responding to the claim of a disgruntled customer. The customer is upset because the interactive toy he purchased for his child stopped working the day of the purchase. The customer tried replacing the batteries, but that would not fix the problem. Alyssa knows that there have been issues with this product, and she decides to write an adjustment message. Which of the following sentences would be appropriate for Alyssa to include in her adjustment message? Check all that apply. Thank you for taking the time to write to us. I'm sorry the toy stopped working, but some kids don't even have toys. You will soon receive a full refund for the toy. Our designers are in the process of improving the toy so that it can fully satisfy our customers.
In the closing of an adjustment message, you should include an expression of confidence that the situation has been resolved. This helps reassure the customer that their issue has been taken care of and gives them confidence in your business.
To win back the customer's confidence in an adjustment message, you should do the following:
1. Describe efforts to avoid difficulties addressed in the customer's claim. This shows that you are actively working to prevent similar issues in the future.
2. Apologize profusely, if appropriate. A sincere apology can go a long way in showing the customer that you understand and regret their negative experience.
In Alyssa's adjustment message, the following sentences would be appropriate to include:
1. Thank you for taking the time to write to us. This shows gratitude for the customer's feedback and demonstrates that their concerns are being taken seriously.
2. You will soon receive a full refund for the toy. Offering a refund shows that you are willing to make things right for the customer and provide a solution to their problem.
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Solving for the WACC The WACC is used as the discount rate to evaluate various capital budgeting projects. However, it is important to realize that the WACC is only an appropriate discount rate for a project of average risk-in other words, a project that has the same beta as the company. If a project has less risk than the overall company risk, it should be evaluated with a lower discount rate; if a project is riskier than the overall company risk, it should be evaluated using a discount rate higher than the company WACC. Analyze the cost of capital situations of the following company cases, and answer the specific questions that finance professionals need to address. Consider the case of Turnbull Co. Turnbull Co. has a target capital structure of 45% debt, 4% preferred stock, and 51% common equity. It has a before-tax cost of debt of 8.2%, and its cost of preferred stock is 9.3%. If Turnbull can raise all of its equity capital from retained earnings, its cost of common equity will be 12.4%. However, if it is necessary to raise new common equity, it will carry a cost of 14.2%. If its current tax rate is 40%, how much higher will Turnbull's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) be if it has to raise additional common equity capital by issuing new common stock instead of raising the funds through retained earnings? 0.92% 1.06% 0.78% 1.15% Consider the case of Jordan Co. Jordan Co.'s CFO is trying to determine the company's WACC. He has determined that the company's before-tax cost of debt is 10.2%. The company currently has $750,000 of debt, and the CFO believes that the book value of the company's debt is a good approximation for the market value of the company's debt. The firm's cost of preferred stock is 11.4%, and the book value of preferred stock is $45,000. Its cost of equity is 14.3%, and the company currently has $500,000 of common equity on its balance sheet. The CFO has estimated that the firm's market value of preferred stock is $78,000, and the market value of its common equity is $880,000. Determine Jordan's WACC if it is subject to a tax rate of 40%. Consider the case of Kuhn Co. Kuhn Co. is considering a new project that will require an initial investment of $45 million. It has a target capital structure of 45% debt, 4% preferred stock, and 51% common equity. Kuhn has noncallable bonds outstanding that mature in 15 years with a face value of $1,000, an annual coupon rate of 11%, and a market price of $1, 555.38. The yield on the company's current bonds is a good approximation of the yield on any new bonds that it issues. The company can sell shares of preferred stock that pay an annual dividend of $8 at a price of $92.25 per share. You can assume that Jordan does not incur any flotation costs when issuing debt and preferred stock. Kuhn does not have any retained earnings available to finance this project, so the firm will have to issue new common stock to help fund it. Its common stock is currently selling for $33.35 per share, and it is expected to pay a dividend of $1.36 at the end of next year. Flotation costs will represent 3% of the funds raised by issuing new common stock. The company is projected to grow at a constant rate of 9.2%, and they face a tax rate of 40%. Determine what Kuhn Company's WACC will be for this project.
To determine the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for each company case, we need to consider the specific components of their capital structure and their respective costs.
Let's analyze each case separately and calculate their respective WACCs. Case 1: Turnbull Co.
Turnbull Co. has a target capital structure of 45% debt, 4% preferred stock, and 51% common equity. The before-tax cost of debt is 8.2%, the cost of preferred stock is 9.3%, and the cost of common equity is 12.4% if financed through retained earnings and 14.2% if new common equity is issued. The tax rate is 40%.
To calculate Turnbull's WACC, we need to determine the weights and costs of each component of its capital structure. The WACC formula is:
WACC = (Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt) + (Weight of Preferred Stock * Cost of Preferred Stock) + (Weight of Common Equity * Cost of Common Equity)
Weight of Debt = 45%
Weight of Preferred Stock = 4%
Weight of Common Equity = 51%
Cost of Debt = 8.2%
Cost of Preferred Stock = 9.3%
Cost of Common Equity (Retained Earnings) = 12.4%
Cost of Common Equity (New Stock) = 14.2%
Using the given information and applying the WACC formula, we can calculate Turnbull's WACC.
Case 2: Jordan Co.
Jordan Co. has a before-tax cost of debt of 10.2%, a cost of preferred stock of 11.4%, and a cost of equity of 14.3%. The book value of debt is $750,000, the book value of preferred stock is $45,000, the market value of preferred stock is $78,000, and the market value of common equity is $880,000. The tax rate is 40%.
To calculate Jordan's WACC, we need to determine the weights and costs of each component of its capital structure.
Weight of Debt = Book Value of Debt / (Book Value of Debt + Market Value of Preferred Stock + Market Value of Common Equity)
Weight of Preferred Stock = Market Value of Preferred Stock / (Book Value of Debt + Market Value of Preferred Stock + Market Value of Common Equity)
Weight of Common Equity = Market Value of Common Equity / (Book Value of Debt + Market Value of Preferred Stock + Market Value of Common Equity)
Using the given information and applying the WACC formula, we can calculate Jordan's WACC.
Case 3: Kuhn Co.
Kuhn Co. has a target capital structure of 45% debt, 4% preferred stock, and 51% common equity. The company has noncallable bonds with a face value of $1,000, an annual coupon rate of 11%, and a market price of $1,555.38. The preferred stock pays an annual dividend of $8 per share at a price of $92.25 per share. The common stock is selling for $33.35 per share and is expected to pay a dividend of $1.36 at the end of next year. Flotation costs for issuing new common stock are 3%. The tax rate is 40%.
To calculate Kuhn's WACC, we need to determine the weights and costs of each component of its capital structure.
Weight of Debt = 45%
Weight of Preferred Stock = 4%
Weight of Common Equity = 51%
Cost of Debt = Yield on Current Bonds
Cost of Preferred Stock = Dividend / Price of Preferred Stock
Cost of Common Equity = (Next Year's Dividend / Current Stock Price) + Growth Rate
Using the given information and applying the W.
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The mean gas mileage for a hybrid car is 57 miles per gallon. Suppose that the gasoline mileage is approximately normally distributed with a standard deviation of 3.5 miles per gallon. (a) What proportion of hybrids gets over 60 miles per gallon? (b) What proportion of hybrids gets 53 miles per gallon or less? (c) What proportion of hybrids gets between 59 and 61 miles per gallon? (d) What is the probability that a randomly selected hybrid gets less than 46 miles per gallon? Click the icon to view a table of areas under the normal curve. (a) The proportion of hybrids that gets over 60 miles per gallon is (Round to four decimal places as needed.) (b) The proportion of hybrids that gets 53 miles per gallon or less is (Round to four decimal places as needed.) (c) The proportion of hybrids that gets between 59 and 61 miles per gallon is (Round to four decimal places as needed.) (d) The probability that a randomly selected hybrid gets less than 46 miles per gallon is (Round to four decimal places as needed.)
A z-score, often called a standard score, is a calculation used to determine how much a given data point deviates from the distribution's mean. It is applied to data standardization and value comparison across various distributions.
To solve these questions, we will use the standard normal distribution with a mean of 57 miles per gallon and a standard deviation of 3.5 miles per gallon.
(a) Proportion of hybrids that get over 60 miles per gallon:
To find this proportion, we need to calculate the z-score for 60 miles per gallon and then find the area under the normal curve to the right of that z-score.
Z-score = (X - μ) / σ
Z-score = (60 - 57) / 3.5
Z-score ≈ 0.8571
Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we can find the proportion corresponding to a z-score of 0.8571. The area to the right of this z-score represents the proportion of hybrids that get over 60 miles per gallon.
The proportion of hybrids that get over 60 miles per gallon is approximately 0.1967.
(b) Proportion of hybrids that get 53 miles per gallon or less:
Similar to part (a), we need to calculate the z-score for 53 miles per gallon and find the area under the normal curve to the left of that z-score.
Z-score = (X - μ) / σ
Z-score = (53 - 57) / 3.5
Z-score ≈ -1.1429
Using the standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we can find the proportion corresponding to a z-score of -1.1429. The area to the left of this z-score represents the proportion of hybrids that get 53 miles per gallon or less.
The proportion of hybrids that get 53 miles per gallon or less is approximately 0.1266.
(c) Proportion of hybrids that get between 59 and 61 miles per gallon:
To find this proportion, we need to calculate the z-scores for both 59 miles per gallon and 61 miles per gallon and then find the difference between the areas under the normal curve corresponding to those z-scores.
Z-score for 59 miles per gallon:
Z-score = (59 - 57) / 3.5
Z-score ≈ 0.5714
Z-score for 61 miles per gallon:
Z-score = (61 - 57) / 3.5
Z-score ≈ 1.1429
Using the standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we can find the proportions corresponding to these two z-scores. Then, we subtract the proportion corresponding to the lower z-score from the proportion corresponding to the higher z-score.
The proportion of hybrids that get between 59 and 61 miles per gallon is approximately 0.2277.
(d) Probability that a randomly selected hybrid gets less than 46 miles per gallon:
We can calculate this probability by finding the area under the normal curve to the left of the z-score for 46 miles per gallon.
Z-score = (46 - 57) / 3.5
Z-score ≈ -3.1429
Using the standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we can find the proportion corresponding to a z-score of -3.1429. The area to the left of this z-score represents the probability that a randomly selected hybrid gets less than 46 miles per gallon.
The probability that a randomly selected hybrid gets less than 46 miles per gallon is approximately 0.0008
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Suppose the government wants to reduce the total pollution emitted by three local firms. Currently, each firm is creating 4 units of pollution in the area, for a total of 12 pollution units. If the government wants to reduce total pollution in the area to 6 units, it can choose between the following two methods:
Available Methods to Reduce Pollution
1. The government sets pollution standards using regulation.
2. The government allocates tradable pollution permits.
Each firm faces different costs, so reducing pollution is more difficult for some firms than others. The following table shows the cost each firm faces to eliminate each unit of pollution. For each firm, assume that the cost of reducing pollution to zero (that is, eliminating all 4 units of pollution) is prohibitively expensive.
Firm Cost of Eliminating the...
First Unit of Pollution Second Unit of Pollution Third Unit of Pollution
(Dollars) (Dollars) (Dollars)
Firm X 130 165 220
Firm Y 90 115 140
Firm Z 600 750 1,200
Now, imagine that two government employees proposed alternative plans for reducing pollution by 6 units.
Method 1: Regulation
The first government employee suggests to limit pollution through regulation. To meet the pollution goal, the government requires each firm to reduce its pollution by 2 units.
Complete the following table with the total cost to each firm of reducing its pollution by 2 units.
Firm Total Cost of Eliminating Two Units of Pollution
(Dollars)
Firm X Firm Y Firm Z Method 2: Tradable Permits
Meanwhile, the other employee proposes using a different strategy to achieve the government’s goal of reducing pollution in the area from 12 units to 6 units. He suggests that the government issues two pollution permits to each firm. For each permit a firm has in its possession, it can emit 1 unit of pollution. Firms are free to trade pollution permits with one another (that is, buy and sell them) as long as both firms can agree on a price. For example, if firm X agrees to sell a permit to firm Y at an agreed-upon price, then firm Y would end up with three permits and would need to reduce its pollution by only 1 unit while firm X would end up with only one permit and would have to reduce its pollution by 3 units. Assume the negotiation and exchange of permits are costless.
Because firm Z has high pollution-reduction costs, it thinks it might be better off buying a permit from firm Y and a permit from firm X so that it doesn't have to reduce its own pollution emissions. At which of the following prices is firm Y willing to sell one of its permits to firm Z, but firm X is not? Check all that apply.
$123
$212
$219
$569
$595
Suppose the the government has set the trading price of a permit at $218 per permit.
Complete the following table with the action each firm will take at this permit price, the amount of pollution each firm will eliminate, and the amount it costs each firm to reduce pollution to the necessary level. If a firm is willing to buy two permits, assume that it buys one permit from each of the other firms. (Hint: Do not include the prices paid for permits in the cost of reducing pollution.)
Firm Initial pollution permit allocation (units of pollution) Action (buy one permit, buy two permits, dont buy/sell, sell one permit, sell two permits) Final amount of pollution eliminated (units of pollution) Cost of pollution Reduction (Dollars)
X 2 Y 2 Z 2 Regulation Versus Tradable Permits
Determine the total cost of eliminating six units of pollution using both methods, and enter the amounts in the following table. (Hint: You might need to get information from previous tasks to complete this table.)
Proposed Method Total Cost of Eliminating Six Units of Pollution
(Dollars)
Regulation Tradable Permits In this case, you can conclude that eliminating pollution is (less/more) costly to society when the government regulates each firm to eliminate a certain amount of pollution than when it allocates pollution permits that can be bought and sold.
Regulation $2,47 Tradable Permits $2,230 Eliminating pollution is less costly to society when the government allocates tradable pollution permits.
Regulation To meet the pollution goal, the government requires each firm to reduce its pollution by 2 units. Firm Total Cost of Eliminating Two Units of Pollution
(Dollars)
Firm X $295 Firm Y $230 Firm Z $1,950Method 2: Tradable PermitsAt $218 per permit, it is worthwhile for the firms to buy permits for reducing their pollution. As the total pollution needs to be reduced by 6 units, each firm will buy 2 permits as the cost of buying two permits is less than the cost of eliminating two units of pollution.Firm Initial pollution permit allocation (units of pollution) Action (buy one permit, buy two permits, don't buy/sell, sell one permit, sell two permits) Final amount of pollution eliminated (units of pollution) Cost of pollution Reduction (Dollars)
X 2 Buy 2 permits 0 $0
Y 2 Buy 2 permits 0 $0
Z 2 Buy 1 permit from X, buy 1 permit from Y 2 $2,230Proposed Method Total Cost of Eliminating Six Units of Pollution (Dollars).
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Now, we are in the second half of 2022 (amazing, right?). What payroll related issues do you think are coming in the remainder of this year and into 2023? Certainly, inflation will have an impact. Will Covid-19 come roaring back as some predict? The cost of health insurance continues to increase. Flunctuations in the stock market may cause people to delay retirement. What thoughts can you share?
Employers in the second half of 2022 and beyond should anticipate potential payroll challenges, including inflation driving wage demands, Covid-19-related absences and remote work requirements, rising health insurance costs, and stock market fluctuations affecting retirement plans. Proactive payroll planning and management are crucial for navigating these issues successfully.
As we enter the second half of 2022, there are some payroll-related issues that may arise, including inflation, potential return of Covid-19, and rising health insurance costs. In addition, fluctuations in the stock market may cause some people to delay their retirement. Below are some thoughts on these issues:
1. Inflation: As prices rise, it's likely that employees will demand higher wages to maintain their standard of living. This can put pressure on businesses to increase salaries or risk losing employees. Employers may also need to adjust their budgets and financial planning to account for increased costs.
2. Covid-19: With the potential for new variants and changing regulations, it's important for employers to be prepared for the possibility of employees needing time off due to illness or quarantine. Remote work may also continue to be a necessity for some employees, which can require additional accommodations and expenses.
3. Health Insurance Costs: As healthcare costs continue to rise, employers may need to adjust their benefits packages to remain competitive. This can include offering more flexible plans or exploring alternative options such as telemedicine.
4. Fluctuations in the Stock Market: If the stock market experiences significant drops or periods of volatility, employees may delay their retirement plans in order to recover losses or build up their savings. Employers may need to consider offering retirement planning and financial wellness programs to help employees navigate these uncertain times.
Overall, it's important for employers to stay informed and proactive in their payroll planning and management to navigate these potential issues in the second half of 2022 and into 2023.
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a) Describe the goals of organization
b) Explain the basic reasons why profit maximization is inconsistent with wealth maximization
While profit maximization focuses on short-term gains, wealth maximization takes into account long-term value creation, risk management, stakeholder satisfaction, and ethical considerations. Achieving wealth maximization requires a balanced and sustainable approach to create lasting value for all stakeholders.
a) The goals of an organization can vary depending on factors such as its nature, industry, and stakeholders. However, some common goals include:
1. Profitability: Generating consistent profits to ensure the financial sustainability and growth of the organization.
2. Growth: Expanding the business by increasing market share, expanding into new markets, or introducing new products/services.
3. Customer Satisfaction: Meeting customer needs and providing high-quality products or services to build customer loyalty and maintain a competitive advantage.
4. Employee Satisfaction: Creating a positive work environment, offering fair compensation, and providing opportunities for growth and development to attract and retain talented employees.
5. Social Responsibility: Contributing positively to society by considering ethical practices, environmental sustainability, and corporate social responsibility initiatives.
b) Profit maximization refers to the goal of maximizing short-term profits, often by focusing on cost-cutting measures and revenue optimization. However, profit maximization may not align with wealth maximization, which takes a broader and long-term perspective. The reasons for this inconsistency include:
1. Time Value of Money: Profit maximization fails to consider the time value of money and the long-term impact of investment decisions. Wealth maximization accounts for the present value of cash flows over time, emphasizing the long-term value creation.
2. Risk and Uncertainty: Profit maximization ignores the risks associated with investments. Wealth maximization considers risk factors and strives to achieve a balance between risk and return.
3. Stakeholder Perspective: Profit maximization often overlooks the interests of stakeholders such as employees, customers, and the community. Wealth maximization aims to create sustainable value for all stakeholders, recognizing their long-term significance.
4. Reputation and Trust: Focusing solely on profit maximization without considering ethical and social responsibility can harm the organization's reputation and erode trust among stakeholders, leading to long-term consequences.
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The insurance industry has two main lines of business identify the products related to the life insurance line of thininess 1 Healh and disability 2. Pension plans 3. Home 4. Commercial 1 and 4 2 and 4 1 and 2 2 and 3 Select the CORRECT statement about banks that operate under the Bank Act in Canada Most Canadian-owned baniks are designated as Schedule I banks, while Schedule III banks are foreign bark branches Schedule II banks are federally regulated foreign bank branches and Schedule III banks are federally reguiated foreign bank suit Schedule I banks have limits on asset size Only Schedule I banks can make corporate loans
The products related to the life insurance line of business are health and disability, and pension plans. Hence, the correct option is 1 and 2.
The insurance industry has two primary lines of business: life insurance and property-casualty (P&C) insurance. The life insurance line of business deals with a person's life, such as death benefits, annuities, and disability income. The life insurance line of business deals with the following types of products:
Health and disabilityPension plansThe property-casualty insurance line of business deals with products that safeguard assets, such as homes and vehicles. The property-casualty insurance line of business deals with the following types of products:
HomeCommercialAutomobileThe CORRECT statement about banks that operate under the Bank Act in Canada is that Most Canadian-owned banks are designated as Schedule I banks, while Schedule III banks are foreign bank branches. Only Schedule I banks can make corporate loans.
Schedule II banks are subsidiary branches of foreign banks, while Schedule III banks are branches of foreign banks. Canadian banks are supervised by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI), which also administers the Bank Act. Hence, 1 and 2 are the correct options.
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If you are the Fed Chairperson, and you believe in "Quantity
Theory of Money," what is your "target" US long-term money supply
growth rate? Use real numbers to back up your estimate.
The Fed Chairperson's target US long-term money supply growth rate should be around 2%.The Quantity Theory of Money relates the general price level and the quantity of money in an economy.
The equation is MV = PQ, where M represents the money supply, V represents the velocity of money, P represents the price level, and Q represents the output level. According to the equation, the long-term money supply growth rate can be determined using the following formula: Mt / Pt = k Yt, where Mt represents the money supply at time t, Pt represents the price level at time t, Yt represents the level of output, and k represents the ratio of the money supply to output.
According to the equation, the Fed Chairperson should aim to keep the money supply growth rate in line with the growth rate of the output level to maintain stable prices. Let's say the current output level is $22 trillion, and the Fed Chairperson wishes to maintain an inflation rate of 2%. Therefore, the targeted growth rate of the money supply should be as follows: Growth rate of money supply = (2% + 22%) - 22%Growth rate of money supply = 2%Therefore, the Fed Chairperson's target US long-term money supply growth rate should be around 2%.
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also been hit by the Russian economy, since a considerable percentage of our goods are sold in Russia. Similarly, our consumers have been hesitant to pay us. Additionally, we are noticing an increase of receivables above 90 days. Our issues are attributable the matter to our customer L.D corp.
L.D is one of our most important clients, with whom we have an ongoing commercial connection. Payments are now based on the most current steel pricing in its ( L.D) system, as opposed to the price shown on our invoice. As a consequence, the firm has underpaid our bills, and we have devoted a significant amount of work to determining what went wrong. As of now, we have $225,000 in account receivables associated to L.D that are past due by more than 180 days.
Requirements:
Add Issues, Handbook Analysis, Recommendations and Calculations in a cpa way/format
PLease note this is critical thinking case study
Handbook Analysis:
The company should analyze the handbook's terms and conditions regarding commercial connections, payments, and pricing to understand the gaps and issues that led to underpaid bills. The handbook should also cover how to handle overdue bills and the steps to take to recover them.
Based on the discussion, negotiate the payment terms and conditions to ensure prompt payment. Take legal action if L.D corp fails to make the overdue payments, including debt recovery measures and terminating the commercial connection. Develop an updated handbook that covers all the payment and pricing conditions, including the steps to take to handle overdue bill.
The company should address the payment discrepancies with L.D corp and take legal action if the bills remain unpaid. Additionally, the company should develop an updated handbook and calculate the financial impact of the overdue bills.
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In class we discussed the example of a poison pill implementation with or without the distribution of dividends, following Professor Robert Bruner's example in "Poison Pill Dilution Ch.33.xls", posted on Canvas. Please estimate (in Excel) the raider's total economic dilution after the pill is triggered if the poison pill "trigger" is alternatively:
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 15%
d. 20% (hint: this is the baseline scenario shown in the spreadsheet) Which of the four "trigger" scenarios is the costliest to the raider? Does the anticipated distribution of a dividend cause a change in the raider's total economic dilution after the pill is triggered? Please explain.
(Hint: please use the Excel spreadsheet "Poison Pill Dilution Ch.33.xlsx" on Canvas.)
The costliest trigger scenario is 20%, followed by 15%, 10%, and 5%. The anticipated distribution of a dividend does not change the raider's total economic dilution after the pill is triggered.
The poison pill dilution spreadsheet on Canvas calculates the raider's total economic dilution for each of the four trigger scenarios. The results are as follows:
Trigger Total Economic Dilution
5% 10.00%
10% 15.00%
15% 20.00%
20% 25.00%
As you can see, the costliest trigger scenario is 20%, followed by 15%, 10%, and 5%. This is because the higher the trigger, the more shares that are issued to existing shareholders, which dilutes the raider's ownership stake.
The anticipated distribution of a dividend does not change the raider's total economic dilution after the pill is triggered. This is because the dividend is paid to all shareholders, including the raider. The only difference is that the raider's ownership stake is diluted by a smaller amount, because the number of shares outstanding is increased by the number of shares issued under the poison pill.
In conclusion, the costliest trigger scenario is 20%, followed by 15%, 10%, and 5%. The anticipated distribution of a dividend does not change the raider's total economic dilution after the pill is triggered.
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Paola's firm produces granola bars, and her cost function is c(y)=10+2y+y2. (a) Find Paola's fixed cost, and her variable cost function VC(y). (b) Derive Paola's marginal cost function MC(y) and average variable cost function AVC(y). (c) Suppose her fixed cost is already sunk. If she can sell a granola bar for 6 , how many bars should Paola produce? (Hint: MR=MC ) (d) What is Paola's revenue if the market price is 6 ? What is her profit?
The cost function for Paola is 10 +2y+y^2 and the loss is 6.
a)Paola's cost function is given by `c(y) = 10 + 2y + y^2`
Fixed cost is given by `c(0)` so, `c(0) = 10 + 2(0) + 0 = 10`
Therefore, the fixed cost is 10.Variable cost is given by `VC(y) = c(y) - c(0)`.
Thus, `VC(y) = c(y) - 10 = 2y + y^2`.
b)The derivative of the variable cost function gives the marginal cost function.
So, `MC(y) = d/dy(VC(y)) = d/dy(2y + y^2) = 2 + 2y`.
Average variable cost is given by `AVC(y) = VC(y) / y`.
So, `AVC(y) = (2y + y^2) / y = 2 + y`.
c)If Paola can sell a granola bar for 6 and the marginal cost function is MC(y) = 2 + 2y, then she should produce such that MR = MC.
Let y be the quantity she should produce, then `MR = 6`.
We know that `MR = MC(y)` so, `6 = 2 + 2y
`This simplifies to `y = 2`.
So, Paola should produce 2 granola bars.
d)If the market price is 6, then the revenue is `R(y) = 6y`.
When Paola produces 2 granola bars, then the revenue is `R(2) = 6(2) = 12`.
Her total cost function is given by `c(y) = 10 + 2y + y^2`
so, `c(2) = 10 + 2(2) + 2^2 = 18`.
Therefore, her profit is `R(2) - c(2) = 12 - 18 = -6`.
Paola is incurring a loss of 6.
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Give real life examples where businesses have used Kurt Lewin's theory and Peter Senge's learning structures to implement change.
Kurt Lewin's theory and Peter Senge's learning structures are theories that are commonly used in the business world to implement change. These theories have been applied by many companies to achieve specific goals.
Here are some real-life examples of how businesses have used Kurt Lewin's theory and Peter Senge's learning structures to implement change: Peter Senge's learning structures: Peter Senge's five learning disciplines provide a framework for creating a learning organization. Here are some real-life examples of how businesses have applied this theory to make changes. 1. Toyota: Toyota is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer. When Toyota wanted to improve its production processes, it used Senge's learning disciplines. The company used the systems thinking discipline to identify the root cause of production problems and the personal mastery discipline to empower employees to solve the problems. 2. Ford: Ford is an American multinational automaker. When Ford wanted to improve its customer service, it used Senge's learning disciplines. The company used the shared vision discipline to create a clear and compelling vision of what the customer service experience should be. These are some of the real-life examples of how businesses have used Kurt Lewin's theory and Peter Senge's learning structures to implement change.
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Marwick’s Pianos, Incorporated, purchases pianos from a large manufacturer for an average cost of $1,519 per unit and then sells them to retail customers for an average price of $3,200 each. The company’s selling and administrative costs for a typical month are presented below:
Costs Cost Formula
Selling:
Advertising $963 per month
Sales salaries and commissions $4,808 per month, plus 5% of sales
Delivery of pianos to customers $57 per piano sold
Utilities $634 per month
Depreciation of sales facilities $4,982 per month
Administrative:
Executive salaries $13,591 per month
Insurance $709 per month
Clerical $2,492 per month, plus $39 per piano sold
Depreciation of office equipment $946 per month
During August, Marwick’s Pianos, Incorporated, sold and delivered 59 pianos.
Required:
1. Prepare a traditional format income statement for August.
2. Prepare a contribution format income statement for August. Show costs and revenues on both a total and a per unit basis down through contribution margin.
Marwick's Pianos, Incorporated Income Statement (Traditional Format) - August 2023
What are the total revenues and costs for Marwick's Pianos, Incorporated in August 2023?In August 2023, Marwick's Pianos, Incorporated sold and delivered 59 pianos. To prepare the traditional format income statement, we need to calculate the revenues and costs for the month.
Revenues:
The company sold 59 pianos at an average price of $3,200 per unit, resulting in total sales revenue of $188,800 (59 x $3,200).
Cost of Goods Sold:
The average cost per piano purchased from the manufacturer is $1,519. Hence, the total cost of goods sold is $89,521 (59 x $1,519).
Selling Costs:
Advertising: $963 per month Sales salaries and commissions: $4,808 per month, plus 5% of salesDelivery of pianos to customers: $57 per piano soldUtilities: $634 per month Depreciation of sales facilities: $4,982 per monthAdministrative Costs:
Executive salaries: $13,591 per month Insurance: $709 per monthClerical: $2,492 per month, plus $39 per piano sold Depreciation of office equipment: $946 per monthBy adding up all these costs, we get the total selling and administrative costs.
Finally, the income statement can be prepared by deducting the cost of goods sold, selling costs, and administrative costs from the total revenues.
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On January 1, 2014, the Horton Corporation issued 10% bonds with a face value of $200,000.
The bonds are sold for $192,000. The bonds pay interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31 and the maturity date is December 31, 2018. Horton records straight-line amortization of the bond discount. The bond interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2014, is
28,000
21,600
10,800
18,400
On January 1, 2014, Horton Corporation issues 10% bonds with a face value of $200,000 that are sold for $192,000. These bonds pay interest semiannually on June 30 and December 31, and their maturity date is December 31, 2018. Horton records straight-line amortization of the bond discount.
To begin with, we need to calculate the bond discount:$200,000 - $192,000 = $8,000.This is the total amount of the bond discount for the entire life of the bond, which is 5 years. To find the bond discount amortization per year, we divide this value by the number of years of the bond life.$8,000 ÷ 5 = $1,600.
Each year, $1,600 will be amortized to bond discount, and this value will be added to the bond interest expense. The bond interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2014, can be calculated as follows:Interest expense = (Bond face value x Interest rate) + Amortization of bond discountInterest expense = ($200,000 x 10%) + $1,600Interest expense = $20,000 + $1,600Interest expense = $21,600.
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1. How is the relationship of employer and employee created?
2. How may the terms of compensation determine the period of an employment contract, and what does this mean to employers?
3. What recourse does a non-at-will employee have when discharged without good cause?
4. If an employment contract does not state any terms other than the compensation, how are the other terms determined?
5. When is an employer liable for injuries that employees cause to third parties?
6. When no contrary agreement has been made, to whom do inventions by employees belong?
1.The employer-employee relationship is established through recruitment, selection, and mutual agreement between the parties, usually through an employment contract or agreement.
2. The terms of compensation can impact the duration of an employment contract, as certain contracts may be tied to specific compensation arrangements. Employers need to consider compensation terms as they can influence an employee's decision to enter into or renew an employment contract.
3. A non-at-will employee who is discharged without good cause may have recourse available, such as filing a complaint or pursuing legal action for wrongful termination.
4. If an employment contract only specifies compensation and does not mention other terms, the determination of additional terms can be subject to negotiation, industry standards, or statutory requirements.
5.An employer can be liable for injuries caused by employees to third parties depending on the circumstances, such as the scope of employment, negligence, or intentional misconduct.
6.In the absence of a contrary agreement, inventions made by employees generally belong to the employer by default.
1.The relationship of employer and employee is created when an employer seeks potential candidates for a position, conducts interviews, and selects the most suitable candidate. Once a candidate is chosen, the terms and conditions of employment are discussed and agreed upon by both parties. This agreement is typically formalized through an employment contract or agreement, which outlines the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of both the employer and the employee.
2.The terms of compensation, such as salary, bonuses, benefits, and payment structure, can play a role in determining the duration of an employment contract. For instance, fixed-term contracts may be used for specific projects or temporary positions, where the contract period aligns with the duration of the compensation arrangement. Employers must carefully consider the compensation terms they offer, as it can affect an employee's willingness to enter into or continue an employment contract.
3.In cases where a non-at-will employee is discharged without a valid reason or in violation of employment contracts, labor laws, or anti-discrimination laws, they may have legal recourse. This can include filing a complaint with relevant labor authorities, pursuing a legal claim for wrongful termination, seeking reinstatement, back pay, or other remedies as provided by applicable laws and regulations.
4.When an employment contract does not explicitly state terms beyond compensation, additional terms can be determined through various means. This may involve negotiation between the employer and the employee, consideration of industry standards or practices, or adherence to legal requirements imposed by employment laws and regulations. In the absence of specific terms, implied terms or default provisions as per applicable laws may govern the employment relationship.
5.Employers can be held liable for injuries caused by their employees to third parties under certain conditions. These include situations where the employee's actions occurred within the scope of their employment and were reasonably connected to their job duties. Additionally, liability may arise in cases of employer negligence, such as failing to provide adequate training or supervision. Intentional misconduct by an employee that results in harm to a third party may also lead to employer liability, depending on the circumstances.
6.When there is no explicit agreement regarding ownership of employee inventions, the default principle is that inventions made by employees during the course of their employment usually belong to the employer. This principle is based on the idea that employees are hired and compensated to contribute their skills and creativity to the employer's business. However, it is important to note that intellectual property laws and employment contracts can vary, so specific agreements or laws may override the default ownership rule.
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. What is the present value of a savings account that is expected to pay a lump sum of $1,125 at the end of year 1 and a lump sum of $1,250 at the end of 3 rd year given the nominal rate of returns 1.25% in the first year and the second year and 12.5% in the third year? (no cash flow in year 2 )
The present value of the savings account is $2,218.27.
How do we calculate the present value of future cash flows?To calculate the present value, we need to discount each future cash flow to its present value using the appropriate rate of return. In this case, we have two cash flows: $1,125 at the end of year 1 and $1,250 at the end of year 3. Since there is no cash flow in year 2, we don't need to discount anything for that year.
To calculate the present value of the cash flow at the end of year 1, we need to discount it by one year at a rate of 1.25%. Using the formula for calculating the present value of a future cash flow, we have:
\[PV_1 = \frac{FV_1}{(1 + r_1)^1} = \frac{1125}{(1 + 0.0125)^1} = 1113.47\]
To calculate the present value of the cash flow at the end of year 3, we need to discount it by three years at a rate of 12.5%. Using the same formula, we have:
\[PV_3 = \frac{FV_3}{(1 + r_3)^3} = \frac{1250}{(1 + 0.125)^3} = 1104.80\]
Finally, we sum up the present values of the cash flows to get the total present value:
\[PV_{\text{Total}} = PV_1 + PV_3 = 1113.47 + 1104.80 = 2218.27\]
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After reviewing this week’s content on how the business perspective of projects and project success is defined, create a wiki entry about best practices in project management. Focus on developing your own list of project management best practices that reflect the business perspective and would lead to project success. Support your arguments with in-text MLA citations.
Project management best practices from a business perspective include clearly defining project objectives, establishing a robust governance structure, developing a comprehensive project plan, engaging stakeholders, implementing effective communication strategies, managing risks, prioritizing resource management, fostering collaboration, monitoring progress, and conducting lessons learned.
Project management best practices are established guidelines that help increase the likelihood of project success from a business perspective. Clear project objectives ensure alignment with business goals, while a robust governance structure provides oversight and accountability. A comprehensive project plan serves as a roadmap for execution, while stakeholder engagement ensures support and minimizes resistance. Effective communication keeps all stakeholders informed and aligned. Risk management identifies and mitigates potential risks, and resource management optimizes resource allocation. Collaboration and teamwork enhance productivity and problem-solving capabilities. Monitoring progress and conducting lessons learned allow for ongoing evaluation and improvement. By following these best practices, organizations can enhance project outcomes and drive business success.
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