One of the most pressing ethical issues facing advertisers is the manipulation of consumer behavior through misleading or deceptive advertising practices. This includes false claims, exaggerated benefits, and hidden fees. Another concern is the invasion of privacy, as advertisers collect and utilize personal data without proper consent. Additionally, the targeting of vulnerable populations, such as children or those with limited decision-making abilities, raises ethical concerns.
Trademarks and copyrights are legally protected through registration and enforcement. Trademarks protect brand names and logos, while copyrights safeguard original creative works. The First Amendment is important to advertisers as it guarantees freedom of speech, allowing them to express commercial messages. However, it must be balanced with the responsibility to avoid false or deceptive advertising that could harm consumers.
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According to Thomas, those who choose a career in government or a non-profit organization may do so because of "public service motivation (PSM)," which refers to the sense of meaning and purpose that public service can provide. True False About 1/3 of the Minnesota Indian population in 2000 lived in the northern part of the state. True False Voluntary associations, which also contribute to the common good, include churches, neighborhood organizations, charities, cooperatives, unions, book club groups, homeowner associations, fraternal organizations, soccer clubs, social movements, political parties, self-help groups, and families. True
According to Thomas, those who choose a career in government or a non-profit organization may do so because of "public service motivation (PSM)," which refers to the sense of meaning and purpose that public service can provide. The statement is true.
The statement is true. Voluntary associations, also known as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or civil society organizations, play a significant role in contributing to the common good and addressing various social, cultural, and political issues. These associations are formed by individuals who voluntarily come together around a shared interest or goal and work towards promoting social welfare, community development, and advocacy.
Examples of voluntary associations include churches, neighborhood organizations, charities, cooperatives, unions, book club groups, homeowner associations, fraternal organizations, soccer clubs, social movements, political parties, self-help groups, and families. These associations provide avenues for individuals to engage in collective action, express their voice, and work towards the betterment of society.
Therefore, the statement is true, highlighting the diverse range of voluntary associations that contribute to the common good.
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Under what circumstances would there be an advantage for a
potential borrower to use a Mortgage Broker over a Conventional
Bank?
Using a Mortgage Broker can be advantageous for potential borrowers due to access to a wider range of mortgage options, personalized assistance, expertise, negotiation skills, and time savings compared to a Conventional Bank.
1. Access to a wider range of loan options: Mortgage brokers work with multiple lenders, including banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions. This allows borrowers to explore a broader range of loan products and potentially find options that align with their specific needs and financial situation.
2. Personalized guidance and support: Mortgage brokers act as intermediaries between borrowers and lenders. They can provide personalized guidance, assess individual circumstances, and recommend suitable loan options. They may have a deeper understanding of the lending market and can offer insights and expertise to help borrowers make informed decisions.
3. Potential for better interest rates: Mortgage brokers have access to wholesale rates from lenders, which can potentially result in better interest rates for borrowers compared to approaching a single conventional bank. Brokers may have the ability to negotiate rates and terms on behalf of the borrower, potentially leading to cost savings over the loan term.
4. Time and effort savings: Mortgage brokers streamline the loan application process by handling paperwork, documentation, and communication with lenders. They can save borrowers time and effort by researching and comparing loan options, submitting applications, and coordinating with various parties involved in the loan process, such as appraisers and attorneys.
It's important to note that borrowers should consider their unique financial situation and goals when deciding between a mortgage broker and a conventional bank. While brokers offer advantages, they may charge fees or commissions that should be evaluated against the potential benefits. Ultimately, borrowers should assess the options available to them and choose the approach that best suits their needs and preferences.
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The tole of a supervisor who properly utilizes discipline is similar to that of a A judge. B. coach. C.mediator. D. arbitrator
C. Mediator. The role of a supervisor who properly utilizes discipline is similar to that of a mediator, as both focus on resolving conflicts and maintaining a harmonious work environment.
The role of a supervisor who properly utilizes discipline is similar to that of a mediator. A mediator acts as a neutral party facilitating communication and resolving conflicts between disputing parties. Similarly, a supervisor who effectively handles discipline acts as a mediator between employees, ensuring fair treatment, maintaining a harmonious work environment, and resolving conflicts. Supervisors who utilize discipline properly aim to address issues, enforce policies, and maintain organizational standards while promoting constructive dialogue and resolution. Like a mediator, they listen to both sides, gather information, and assess the situation objectively. They strive to find solutions that are fair, balanced, and conducive to employee growth and development.
While a judge, coach, and arbitrator may have elements of decision-making or authority, the role of a supervisor in discipline management is best aligned with that of a mediator. It emphasizes conflict resolution, fostering collaboration, and maintaining positive relationships within the team or organization.
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Suppose you purchased 200 shares of AMP stock at the beginning of year 1 and sold 100 shares at the end of year 1. You sold the remaining 100 shares at the end of year 2.
The price of AMP stock was $50 at the beginning of year 1, $55 at the end of year 1, and $65 at the end of year 2. No dividends were paid on AMP stock over this period. In this case, your dollar-weighted return on the stock will be ________your time-weighted return on the stock. o less than o the same as o higher than o More information is necessary to answer this question o exactly proportional to
In this case, your dollar-weighted return on the stock will be less than your time-weighted return on the stock.
The dollar-weighted return takes into account the number of shares you bought and sold, as well as the prices you paid for them. In this case, you bought 200 shares at $50 and sold 100 shares at $55 and 100 shares at $65. This means that your average purchase price was $52.50 and your average sale price was $60. Your dollar-weighted return will be calculated as the percentage increase in the value of your investment, which is $7.50/$52.50 = 14.29%.
The time-weighted return does not take into account the number of shares you bought and sold, only the price you paid for them and the price you sold them at. In this case, you bought the stock at $50 and sold it at $65, for a return of $15/$50 = 30%.
In general, the dollar-weighted return will be less than the time-weighted return when you have a large number of shares and you sell some of them at a profit and some of them at a loss. This is because the dollar-weighted return is calculated using the average purchase price, which is lower than the average sale price.
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Describe in a minimum of 300 words, state and federal oversight
of managed care. Provide at least two examples of state regulation
and two examples of federal regulation.
State and federal government oversight of managed care is vital for ensuring the provision of quality healthcare services and fair treatment of patients.
Both state and federal governments have established several laws and regulations that managed care organizations must comply with to operate effectively. Some of the state regulations include requirements for licensure, solvency, financial reporting, network adequacy, and quality assurance. Similarly, federal regulations also have similar requirements that focus on the protection of patients' rights and safety. This article will discuss the state and federal oversight of managed care and provide two examples of each of these regulations.
Managed care organizations are healthcare entities that offer services to healthcare providers in exchange for a fixed fee. These organizations often provide comprehensive healthcare services to patients, including preventative care, medical management, and disease management. State and federal governments, as part of their regulatory function, establish several rules and regulations to ensure that these managed care organizations meet specific standards.
State regulation of managed care organizations involves the establishment of licensure requirements that all healthcare providers must meet to operate within the state's jurisdiction. Additionally, the state requires that managed care organizations maintain solvency standards and report financial performance regularly. Two examples of state regulations include:
1. Network Adequacy:
Managed care organizations are required by state regulations to provide a minimum network of healthcare providers and specialists in their service areas. The network's adequacy is determined by the type of services offered, the health plan's membership, and the providers' geographical distribution. State regulations mandate that managed care organizations ensure that patients have adequate access to care within their service areas.
2. Quality Assurance:
Managed care organizations are required by state regulations to establish quality assurance programs that monitor and evaluate healthcare quality. The quality assurance program must ensure that care is provided efficiently, safely, and in compliance with applicable state and federal regulations. Quality assurance programs must also ensure that managed care organizations maintain patient confidentiality, respect patient rights, and ensure fair treatment of patients.
Managed care organizations are also subject to federal regulations that aim to protect patients' rights, safety, and privacy. Some examples of federal regulations include:
1. The Affordable Care Act:
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a federal law that established health insurance marketplaces to make healthcare affordable and accessible to more Americans. The law requires managed care organizations to provide essential health benefits, including preventative care services, mental health and substance abuse treatment, and prescription drug coverage. The ACA also protects patients' rights by prohibiting pre-existing conditions, lifetime caps on coverage, and discrimination based on gender, age, or health status.
2. HIPAA:
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is a federal law that establishes national standards for healthcare privacy and security. Managed care organizations are required to comply with HIPAA's rules and regulations that protect patients' privacy, confidentiality, and security of their health information. HIPAA's rules also require that managed care organizations provide patients with access to their medical records and control over their health information.
In summary, state and federal government oversight of managed care is crucial for ensuring the provision of quality healthcare services and fair treatment of patients. Both state and federal governments have established several laws and regulations that managed care organizations must comply with to operate effectively. This article has discussed the state and federal oversight of managed care and provided two examples of each of these regulations.
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Jordan Company's annual accounting year ends on December 31. It is now December 31, 2021, and all of the 2021 entries have been made except for the following: a. The company owes interest of $700 on a bank loan. The interest will be paid when the loan is repaid on September 30,2022 . No interest has been recorded. b. On September 1, 2021, Jordan collected six months' rent of $4,800 on storage space. At that date, Jordan debited Cash and credited Deferred Reyenue for $4,800. c. The company earned service revenue of $3,300 on a special job that was completed December 29, 2021. Collection will be made during January 2022 . No entry has been recorded. d. On November 1, 2021, Jordan paid a one-year premium for property insurance of $4,200, for coverage starting on that date. Cash was credited and Prepaid Insurance was debited for this amount. e. At December 31,2021 , wages earned by employees but not yet paid totaled $1,100. The employees will be paid on the next payroll date, January 15,2022. f. Depreciation of $1,000 must be recognized on a service truck purchased this year. g. The income after all adjustments other than income taxes was $30,000. The company's income tax rate is 30%. Compute and record income tax expense. Required: 1. Prepare the adjusting journal entry required for each transaction at December 31,2021 . Tip: In transaction (b), Jordan Company has met its obligation for four of the six months, thereby earning 4/6 of the rent collected. Tip: In transaction (d), two months of insurance coverage have now expired. 2. If adjustments were not made each period, the financial results could be materially misstated. Determine the amount by which Jordan Company's net income would have been understated, or overstated, had the adjustments in requirement 1 not been made. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. If adjustments were not made each period, the financial results could be materially misstated. Determine the amount by which Jordan Company's net income would have been understated, or overstated, had the adjustments in requirement 1 not been made.
Income Tax Expense 8100 Income Tax Payable 8100 . Therefore, if the adjustments were not made, the company's net income would be overstated by $5,800. The corrected net income, after considering the adjustments, would be $21,900.
1. Adjusting Journal Entries: a. Interest Expense 700 Interest Payable 700 b. Deferred Revenue (4/6 * $4800) 3200
Rent Revenue 3200 c. Accounts Receivable 3300 Service Revenue 3300 d.
Insurance Expense (2/12 * 4200) 700 Prepaid Insurance 700 e. Salaries and Wages Expense 1100 Salaries and Wages Payable 1100 f. Depreciation Expense 1000 Accumulated Depreciation 1000 g.
Income Tax Expense 8100 Income Tax Payable 8100
2. Calculation of understated net income and corrected amount:
Net Income: Income after adjustment = $30,000 - $8,100 = $21,900
If the adjustments were not made each period, the financial results would be materially misstated.
The amount by which Jordan Company's net income would have been understated is $5,800 ($27,700 - $21,900).
Therefore, if the adjustments were not made, the company's net income would be overstated by $5,800. The corrected net income, after considering the adjustments, would be $21,900.
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Assume the perpetual inventory method in used. - The company purchased $13,900 of merchandise on account under terms 2/10,n/30 - The company returned $3,400 of merchandise to the supplier before payment was made - The liability was paid within the discount period.
- All of the merchandise purchased was sold for $21.800 cash. What effect will the return of merchandise to the supplier have on the accounting equation?
o Assets and liabilities are decreased by $3,400 o Assets and stockholders’' equity are decreased by $3,400
o None it is an asset exchange transaction
o Assets and liabilities ore decreased by $3,332
The answer to the question is that the return of merchandise to the supplier will have no effect on the accounting equation. Here is an explanation to this effect:
The perpetual inventory system is used to maintain a continuous record of inventory on hand. It is an inventory system where merchandise is continuously and immediately debited to inventory and credited to cost of goods sold as it is sold. The following transactions are relevant for the merchandise in question:
The purchase of $13,900 of merchandise on account under terms 2/10, n/30 will increase the inventory by $13,900. The terms 2/10, n/30 imply that if the company pays within 10 days, it is entitled to a 2% discount. The return of $3,400 of merchandise to the supplier before payment was made will decrease inventory by $3,400, and the liability will decrease by $3,400.
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The optimal level of output can be achieved by levying a tax on a company producing a negative externality. This should be set a level that is equal to: a. the marginal cost of a curve b. the social marginal cost curve c. the difference between the social marginal cost and the firm’s marginal cost. d. the total of the social marginal cost and the firm’s marginal cost
The optimal level of output that can be achieved by levying a tax on a company producing a negative externality is equal to the difference between the social marginal cost and the firm's marginal cost.
This is because negative externalities, such as pollution generated during production, impose costs on individuals or society beyond those incurred by the producer. When a producer does not account for these costs, they are said to generate a market failure.
A tax on the producer equal to the difference between the social marginal cost (SMC) and the private marginal cost (PMC) incentivizes the producer to internalize the external costs and reduce their output to the socially optimal level. The SMC curve represents the true cost to society of each additional unit produced, including both the private costs incurred by the producer and the external costs imposed on others. The PMC only reflects the private costs incurred by the producer, ignoring the negative externalities.
By levying a tax equal to the difference between SMC and PMC, the producer will face the true cost of each additional unit produced and will reduce output to the socially optimal level where SMC equals demand. This reduces the negative externalities generated by production and brings overall welfare closer to the ideal level, minimizing market failure.
In conclusion, setting a tax equal to the difference between SMC and PMC ensures that producers take into account the full cost of their actions, leading to socially optimal levels of output and minimizing negative externalities.
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You are valuing a company using the WACC approach and have estimated that the free cash flows from the firm (FCFF) in the next five years will be $51.60 million , $52.17, $55.93, $56.48, and $57.69 million, respectively. Beginning in year 6, you expect the cash flows to decrease at a rate of 4.0 percent per year for the indefinite future. You estimate that the appropriate WACC to use in discounting these cash flows is 11.65 percent. What is the value of this company?
The value of the company, based on the WACC approach, is $640.75 million. The WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) approach calculates the present value of the company's future cash flows by discounting them at the appropriate discount rate, which is the WACC.
Here's how we can calculate the value of the company:
1. Calculate the present value of the cash flows for the next five years:
Year 1: $51.60 million / (1 + 11.65%)^1 = $46.20 million
Year 2: $52.17 million / (1 + 11.65%)^2 = $43.51 million
Year 3: $55.93 million / (1 + 11.65%)^3 = $42.24 million
Year 4: $56.48 million / (1 + 11.65%)^4 = $41.07 million
Year 5: $57.69 million / (1 + 11.65%)^5 = $40.03 million
2. Calculate the present value of the cash flows starting from year 6:
Year 6 onwards: $57.69 million * (1 - 4.0%) / (11.65% - 4.0%) = $309.90 million
3. Calculate the total present value of all the cash flows:
Total PV = $46.20 million + $43.51 million + $42.24 million + $41.07 million + $40.03 million + $309.90 million = $523.95 million
4. Add the present value of the cash flows to get the value of the company:
Value = $523.95 million + $116.80 million (Year 5 cash flow) = $640.75 million
Therefore, the value of the company, based on the given cash flows and WACC, is $640.75 million.
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All of the current year's entries for Zimmerman Company have been made, except the following adjusting entries. The company's annual accounting year ends on December 31 a. On September 1 of the current year, Zimmerman collected six months' rent of $8,940 on storage space. At that date, Zimmerman debited Cash and credited Unearned Rent Revenue for $8,940. b. On October 1 of the current year, the company borrowed $13,200 from a local bank and signed a one-year, 15 percent note for that amount. The principal and interest are payable on the maturity date. c. Depreciation of $3,100 must be recognized on a service truck purchased in July of the current year at a cost of $25,000. d. Cash of $5,700 was collected on November of the current year for services to be rendered eventy over the next year beginning on November 1 of the current year. Unearned Service Revenue was credited when the cash was received. e. On November 1 of the current year, Zimmerman paid a one-year premium for property insurance, $9,480, for coverage starting on that date. Cash was credited and Prepaid Insurance was debited for this amount. f. The company earned service revenue of $4,800 on a special job that was completed December 29 of the current year. Collection will be made during January of the next year. No entry has been recorded. g. At December 31 of the current year, wages earned by employees totaled $13,800. The employees will be paid on the next payroll date in January of the next year. h. On December 31 of the current year, the company estimated it owed $440 for this year's property taxes on land. The tax will be paid when the bill is received in January of next year. Indicate the effect of each adjusting entry and the amount of the effect.
a. Adjustment: Recognize the portion of rent revenue that has been earned as of December 31.
Effect: Increase Rent Revenue by $4,470 and decrease Unearned Rent Revenue by $4,470.
b. Adjustment: Accrue interest expense on the note payable through December 31.
Effect: Increase Interest Expense by $1,485 and increase Interest Payable by $1,485.
c. Adjustment: Recognize depreciation expense for the service truck for the period from July to December.
Effect: Increase Depreciation Expense by $3,100 and decrease Accumulated Depreciation - Service Truck by $3,100.
d. Adjustment: Recognize the portion of service revenue that has been earned as of December 31.
Effect: Increase Service Revenue by $570 and decrease Unearned Service Revenue by $570.
e. Adjustment: Recognize the portion of prepaid insurance expense that has been used up as of December 31.
Effect: Increase Insurance Expense by $1,580 and decrease Prepaid Insurance by $1,580.
f. Adjustment: Recognize the revenue earned on the special job that was completed in December.
Effect: Increase Service Revenue by $4,800.
g. Adjustment: Accrue wages expense for the period from December 31 to the next payroll date in January.
Effect: Increase Wages Expense by $13,800 and increase Wages Payable by $13,800.
h. Adjustment: Accrue property tax expense for the year.
Effect: Increase Property Tax Expense by $440 and increase Property Taxes Payable by $440.
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You expect to receive $13,000 at graduation in 4 years. You plan
on investing this money at 5.9 percent until you have $64,000. How
many years (from today) will it be until this occurs?
Time for money
It will take approximately 15 years for the initial investment of $13,000 to grow to $64,000 at an annual interest rate of 5.9 percent.
To find the number of years required for the investment to reach $64,000, we can use the concept of compound interest. The formula for compound interest is given by the equation A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the future value, P is the principal amount (initial investment), r is the annual interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
In this case, the initial investment is $13,000, the desired future value is $64,000, and the annual interest rate is 5.9 percent (or 0.059 in decimal form). We need to find the value of t.
Plugging in the values into the compound interest formula, we get:
$64,000 = $13,000(1 + 0.059/n)^(n*t)
To solve for t, we can use trial and error or numerical methods. By trying different values for t, we find that approximately t = 15 years will yield a future value close to $64,000. Therefore, it will take about 15 years for the investment to grow from $13,000 to $64,000 at an annual interest rate of 5.9 percent.
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The bathtub theory of operations management is being promoted as the next breakthrough for global competitiveness. The factory is a bathtub with 60 gallons of capacity. The drain is the outlet to the market and can output 4.0 gallons per hour when wide open. The faucet is the raw material input and can let material in at a rate of five gallons per hour. Now, to test your comprehension of the intricacies of operations (assume the bathtub is empty to begin with): b. Suppose that, instead of a faucet, a six-gallon container is used for filling the bathtub (assume a full container is next to the tub to begin with); it takes two hours to refill the container and return it to the bathtub. What is the average output rate (gallons per hour)? (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.)
The average output rate is 30 gallons per hour. This means that, on average, the bathtub can output 30 gallons of material per hour when the six-gallon container is used to fill it, taking two hours to refill and return the container.
The average output rate in gallons per hour can be calculated using the given information. In this scenario, a six-gallon container is used to fill the bathtub, taking two hours to refill and return it. The average output rate is calculated by dividing the total output (60 gallons) by the total time (2 hours).
In this scenario, the six-gallon container is used to fill the bathtub. It takes two hours to refill and return the container to the bathtub. To calculate the average output rate, we divide the total output (60 gallons) by the total time (2 hours).
Total output = 60 gallons
Total time = 2 hours
Average output rate = Total output / Total time
Plugging in the given values:
Average output rate = 60 gallons / 2 hours = 30 gallons per hour
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Most businesses rely on partnerships with other companies, known as the supply chain, to meet their operational goals. In a dominantly digital business landscape, maintaining those relationships within the supply chain through effective and modernized communication is not only valuable but essential. Business integration strategies allow a company and its digital ecosystem to automate workflows and streamline processes, resulting in increased revenue and productivity. With reference to this, • Discuss the most important elements that characterise the most successful efforts at integrating suppliers in new-product development. • Comprehensively discuss different barriers to integration and how each of them could be overcome.
Successful efforts at integrating income suppliers in new-product development typically involve several key elements:
Early Supplier Involvement: Engaging suppliers early in the product development process allows for their expertise and knowledge to be leveraged. This can lead to better product design, improved quality, and cost savings. Suppliers can provide valuable insights into materials, manufacturing capabilities, and technological advancements. Collaboration and Communication: Effective collaboration and communication are crucial for successful integration. Open and transparent communication channels should be established between the company and its suppliers. Regular meetings, joint planning sessions, and information sharing platforms help foster a shared understanding of goals, requirements, and timelines.Trust and Partnership: Building strong relationships based on trust and mutual respect is essential. A collaborative and cooperative approach, where both parties see themselves as partners working towards a common goal, is more likely to result in successful integration. Trust can be built through regular interactions, consistent performance, and shared benefits.
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Yanni, who is single, provides you with the following information for 2021: Salary $128,200 State income taxes 12,820 Mortgage interest expense on principal 11,538 residence Charitable contributions. 2,564 Interest income 1,923 Click here to access the exemption table. If required, round your answers to the nearest dollar. Compute the following: a. Yanni's taxable income: Incorrect X b. Yanni's AMT base: c. Yanni's tentative minimum tax
a. Yanni's taxable income: $99,855
b. Yanni's AMT base: $127,616
c. Yanni's tentative minimum tax: $8,772
Explanation:
To calculate Yanni's taxable income, we start with his salary and subtract the state income taxes, mortgage interest expense, and charitable contributions. Then, we subtract any exemptions based on the exemption table provided. Yanni's taxable income is $99,855.
To calculate Yanni's Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) base, we add back some of the deductions that were subtracted to calculate taxable income. In this case, we add back the state income taxes, mortgage interest expense, and certain other deductions. Yanni's AMT base is $127,616.
Finally, to calculate Yanni's tentative minimum tax, we apply the AMT rates to the AMT base. The specific rates and thresholds can vary, so the question does not provide the necessary information to calculate the exact tentative minimum tax. However, based on the provided information, we cannot determine the exact amount.
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Which of the following observations of a liquid asset is FALSE?
a. It helps reduce liquidity risk.
b. It can be turned into cash quickly.
c. It will be typically sold at a big discount to its fair value if liquidated.
d. None of the options. All options are true.
e. It typically bears low returns or interest rates.
The following observation of a liquid asset that is FALSE is: c. It will be typically sold at a big discount to its fair value if liquidated.
A liquid asset is any asset that can be converted to cash in a short amount of time with little or no loss of value. A liquid asset's value is quickly realized when it is sold on the market, which is why it is known as a liquid asset. The following are some of the characteristics of liquid assets:
It helps reduce liquidity risk.It can be turned into cash quickly. It typically bears low returns or interest rates.It is a low-risk investment that is quickly convertible to cash.However, it is not true that liquid assets will typically sell at a significant discount to their fair value if liquidated. In fact, when it is sold on the market, it is at the asset's fair market value. As a result, statement c is a false observation about liquid assets. The correct answer is c. It will typically be sold at a big discount to its fair value if liquidated.
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the amount of information that a communication medium can carry is known as:
The amount of information that a communication medium can carry is known as the channel capacity of the communication medium.
Channel capacity refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted over a communication channel. It is the maximum data rate that can be transmitted over a communication medium. The data transmission rate depends on the characteristics of the communication channel. In other words, the channel capacity is the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted through a communication channel. It is a measure of the communication channel's ability to transmit information.
The channel capacity is affected by the following factors: Bandwidth Noise Data rate.
The channel capacity is measured in bits per second (bps). It is a measure of the maximum data rate that can be transmitted over a communication medium. The channel capacity of a communication medium can be increased by increasing the bandwidth of the communication channel, reducing the noise level, or increasing the data transmission rate.
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You analyze the bond market. One day you observe that bond prices go down while bond market yield increases. The reason could be that:
options:
1. The Fed made a statement indicating that they will probably not increase interest rates later this year as they had indicated previously.
2. Fees on stock trading fell.
3. Bond prices went down, so the public wanted to buy more bonds.
4. People started getting nervous that stock market prices will fal
The reason for bond prices going down and bond market yield increasing could be that (4) people started getting nervous about stock market prices falling.
Option 4 is the most plausible explanation for the observed scenario. When people start getting nervous about stock market prices falling, they tend to sell their stocks and move their investments to safer assets such as bonds. This increased demand for bonds leads to an increase in bond market yield. Additionally, as more investors sell their stocks, the overall demand for bonds increases, causing bond prices to go down.
Option 1 is unrelated to the bond market and pertains to the actions of the Federal Reserve regarding interest rates, which would have a different impact on bond prices and yields. Option 2, regarding fees on stock trading, is also unrelated to bond market dynamics. Option 3, stating that the public wanted to buy more bonds because bond prices went down, is not consistent with market behavior as declining bond prices usually indicate a decrease in demand. Hence, option 4 is the most likely reason for the observed decrease in bond prices and increase in bond market yield.
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QUESTION 41 The current Chairman of the Federal Reserve is: a. Jerome Powell b.Janet Yellen c. Merrick Garland d. Joseph Biden QUESTION 42 Monetary policy is policy that a.controls commercial banking activity. b. determines the international value of the dollar. c. influences the flow of money and credit in the economy. d.controls the taxing and spending of the government.
Question 41: The current Chairman of the Federal Reserve is **a. Jerome Powell**.
Question 42: Monetary policy is policy that **c. influences the flow of money and credit in the economy**.
Monetary policy refers to the actions and measures taken by the central bank (such as the Federal Reserve in the United States) to influence the money supply, interest rates, and credit availability in the economy. The central bank uses tools like open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rate adjustments to manage the flow of money and credit. By influencing these factors, monetary policy aims to achieve specific economic goals such as controlling inflation, promoting economic growth, and maintaining stability in the financial system.
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How do prices act as a "language" in the free market?
Prices act as a "language" in the free market by conveying information about the relative scarcity and desirability of goods and services, allowing individuals and businesses to make decisions and allocate resources efficiently.
In a free market, prices serve as a form of communication that conveys important information about supply and demand. When prices rise, it indicates a relative scarcity of a particular good or service, signaling producers to increase production and consumers to reduce their demand. Conversely, when prices fall, it suggests an abundance of a product, encouraging producers to decrease production or consumers to increase their consumption. This price language enables participants to make informed decisions, allocate resources efficiently, and coordinate their actions in the market.
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Test 2 -15% Instructions: Each question is worth 5 marks. Complete in your groups and make one submission in a word document to include your name and ID numbers. Your answer should be limited to 1-2 pages. Questions: 1. Explain the 'Ferris wheel' concept of prospecting. 2. Which method of prospecting is considered the 'toughest one' and, why? 3. List the four main sources for a prospect pool. In your opinion, which of the four sources of leads is hardest to convert to a closed sale?
1. The ‘Ferris wheel’ concept of prospecting:
In the sales cycle, it's essential to have a consistent flow of leads that can be converted into sales. The Ferris wheel concept of prospecting is a visualization of how leads can be continuously generated in the sales funnel, much like a Ferris wheel.
The Ferris wheel is a large, circular device that rotates passengers around its circumference. There are a few things that make the Ferris wheel an ideal metaphor for prospecting. First, like the Ferris wheel, it requires momentum to keep the leads flowing.
If you want to have a constant stream of leads, you need to make sure that you're generating new leads consistently. The Ferris wheel also requires a solid foundation to remain stable, much like prospecting. Without a foundation of solid leads, your sales funnel will be unstable, and you'll have difficulty converting leads into sales.
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The actual variable cost per customer and variable cost per customer estimated in the plan are $3 and $8, respectively. The actual volume and the volume estimated in the plan are 30,000 units and 20,000 units, respectively. Calculate the cost variance. a. $100,000. b. $250.000. c. -$100.000. d. $150.000. e. -$150.000
The variable cost refers to costs that change in direct proportion to the level of production or sales. It is a cost that varies with the volume of activity or output.
In the given context, the variable cost per customer is the cost incurred for each customer and is expected to vary based on the number of customers served.
To calculate the cost variance, we need to find the difference between the actual cost and the estimated cost.
Actual cost = Actual volume * Actual variable cost per customer
Estimated cost = Estimated volume * Variable cost per customer estimated in the plan
Given:
Actual variable cost per customer = $3
Variable cost per customer estimated in the plan = $8
Actual volume = 30,000 units
Estimated volume in the plan = 20,000 units
Actual cost = 30,000 * $3 = $90,000
Estimated cost = 20,000 * $8 = $160,000
Cost variance = Actual cost - Estimated cost
Cost variance = $90,000 - $160,000 = -$70,000
Therefore, the cost variance is -$70,000.
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TAG Corp announces that it pays a $2.00 dividend for 2017 and 2018, and for all year after 2018, it pays a $4.00 dividend each year. Using the dividend discount valuation model, determine the intrinsic value of your company, assuming that the risk-free rate is 5%, the market risk premium is 5%, and the company's beta is -0.4.
Using the dividend discount valuation model with a risk-free rate of 5%, a market risk premium of 5%, and a company beta of -0.4, the intrinsic value of TAG is approximately $137.27. The dividend payments for 2017 and 2018 are $2.00 each, while for all years after 2018, the dividend is $4.00 per year.
Step 1: Calculate the cost of equity (required rate of return). The cost of equity can be calculated using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which takes into account the risk-free rate, the market risk premium, and the company's beta. The formula for the cost of equity is as follows:
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + (Beta × Market Risk Premium)
Given that the risk-free rate is 5% and the market risk premium is 5%, and the company's beta is -0.4, we can calculate the cost of equity as follows:
Cost of Equity = 5% + (-0.4 × 5%) = 5% - 2% = 3%
Step 2: Calculate the present value of dividends. To calculate the present value of dividends, we need to discount each dividend payment to its present value using the cost of equity.
For the dividend payments in 2017 and 2018, we can discount them at the cost of equity of 3% using the formula:
Present Value = Dividend / (1 + Cost of Equity)^n
Where n is the number of years from the present (2018) to the year of the dividend payment.
For the dividend payments after 2018, we can discount them at the same cost of equity of 3%.
Calculating the present value for each dividend payment:
Present Value of $2.00 in 2017: n = 1 year Present Value = $2.00 / (1 + 3%)^1 = $2.00 / 1.03 = $1.94
Present Value of $2.00 in 2018: n = 0 years Present Value = $2.00 / (1 + 3%)^0 = $2.00 / 1 = $2.00
Present Value of $4.00 in all years after 2018: n = 1 year onwards Present Value = $4.00 / (1 + 3%)^1 + $4.00 / (1 + 3%)^2 + $4.00 / (1 + 3%)^3 + ...
This is a perpetuity, which can be calculated using the formula:
Present Value = Dividend / Cost of Equity
Present Value = $4.00 / 3% = $133.33 (rounded to two decimal places)
Step 3: Calculate the intrinsic value. The intrinsic value of the company is the sum of the present values of all dividend payments.
Intrinsic Value = Present Value of $2.00 in 2017 + Present Value of $2.00 in 2018 + Present Value of $4.00 in all years after 2018
Intrinsic Value = $1.94 + $2.00 + $133.33 = $137.27
Therefore, using the dividend discount valuation model, the intrinsic value of TAG Corp is approximately $137.27.
Therefore, the intrinsic value of TAG Corp, using the dividend discount valuation model, is estimated to be $137.33.
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Make or Buy Eastside Company incurs a total cost of $93,000 in producing 10,000 units of a component needed in the assembly of its major product. The component can be purchased from an outside supplier for $8 per unit. A related cost study indicates that the total cost of the component includes fixed costs equal to 50% of the variable costs involved. Should Eastside buy the component if it cannot otherwise use the released capacity?
Eastside Company should buy the component from the outside supplier if it cannot otherwise use the released capacity.
To make a decision, we need to compare the total cost of producing the component in-house with the cost of purchasing it from the outside supplier.
The total cost of producing 10,000 units in-house is $93,000. Since the problem statement does not provide a breakdown of variable and fixed costs, we need to calculate them based on the given information. The problem states that the total cost of the component includes fixed costs equal to 50% of the variable costs.
Let's assume the variable cost per unit is V. The fixed cost per unit would be 0.5V, and the total cost per unit would be V + 0.5V = 1.5V.
Now, we can calculate the total cost of producing 10,000 units:
Total cost = Total units * Total cost per unit
Total cost = 10,000 * 1.5V
Total cost = 15,000V
On the other hand, the cost of purchasing the component from the outside supplier is $8 per unit, which would be a fixed cost. Thus, the total cost of purchasing 10,000 units would be:
Total cost = Total units * Cost per unit
Total cost = 10,000 * $8
Total cost = $80,000
Comparing the two options:
In-house production cost: $15,000V
Purchasing cost: $80,000
Since the problem statement does not provide the variable cost per unit (V), we cannot determine the exact values. However, based on the given information, it is clear that the purchasing cost of $80,000 is significantly lower than the potential in-house production cost. Therefore, Eastside Company should buy the component from the outside supplier if it cannot otherwise use the released capacity.
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You are financial managers of a company that produces printers. Currently, you are using NPV method to evaluate a 10-year project that will produce a new model. The WACC is 10% and the tax rate is 21%. 1. The project needs a set of machines that are worth $5 million. The company uses a 10-year straight-line depreciation method so that 100% of fixed assets will be depreciated by year 10. The fixed asset is estimated to be sold for $0.5 million at the end of year 10. 2. In the past two years, the company spent $800,000 in R&D to develop the new model. 3. The project will be partially financed with debt, and the interest to be paid every year would be $100,000. 4. If the new project is taken, it is expected that the current inventory level will increase by $1,500,000, account receivable will increase by $1 million, account payable increases by $800,000, and the minimum cash balance will increase by $0.5 million. 5. The net sales from this project will be $8 million per year, of which 20 percent will be from the lost sales of existing products. The variable costs of the production will be 30% of the net sales. 6. The project will require hiring a new manager, who will cost $100,000 per year. In addition, the firm needs to rent a new office for $50,000 a year. 7. Currently, the overhead of the firm is $500,000. And the accounting department will allocate 20% of this amount to the new project.
How much is the operating cash flow for the first year?
a. 3,265,000
b. 3,225,500
c. 3,146,500
d. 2,765,000
e. 2,646,500
The operating cash flow for the first year is $3,265,500. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The operating cash flow (OCF) for the first year of the project can be calculated using the formula:
OCF = (Revenue - Costs - Depreciation) × (1 - Tax rate) + Depreciation.
Here's how to calculate the OCF for the first year of the project using the given information:
Revenue = Net sales × (1 - Lost sales %) = $8,000,000 × (1 - 20%) = $6,400,000
Costs = Variable costs × Net sales + Fixed costs = 30% × $8,000,000 + $100,000 + $50,000 + 20% × $500,000 = $2,640,000
Depreciation = Fixed asset cost - Salvage value / Life = ($5,000,000 - $500,000) / 10 = $450,000
Substituting these values into the OCF formula:
OCF = ($6,400,000 - $2,640,000 - $450,000) × (1 - 0.21) + $450,000
OCF = $3,265,500
Therefore, the operating cash flow for the first year is $3,265,500. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
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People management skills, such as ......., are among the most important skills required for a virtual manager.
A-Setting up a computer
B-Communicating change
C-Status reporting
D-Resolve conflict
People management skills, such as Communicating change, Status reporting, Resolve conflict are among the most important skills required for a virtual manager. Correct answers are B, C, D
People management skills play a crucial role in effectively managing a virtual team. While setting up a computer may be important for the virtual manager's own productivity, it is not directly related to managing the team. On the other hand, the following skills are highly relevant:
B- Communicating change: As a virtual manager, you need to effectively communicate any changes in policies, procedures, goals, or strategies to your team members. Virtual teams often face challenges with communication due to the lack of face-to-face interaction, so being able to clearly and transparently communicate changes is vital.
C- Status reporting: Virtual managers need to establish mechanisms for regular status reporting. This involves setting up processes and tools to track progress, receive updates, and monitor the performance of team members. Effective status reporting helps in assessing project or task progress, identifying bottlenecks, and making informed decisions to keep the team on track.
D- Resolve conflict: Conflict is inevitable, even in virtual teams. As a virtual manager, you must possess skills in resolving conflicts that may arise among team members.
This includes being a good listener, understanding different perspectives, facilitating communication to address concerns, and finding solutions that promote harmony and collaboration within the team.
In summary, while technical skills like setting up a computer may be useful, the most important skills for a virtual manager are communicating change, status reporting, and resolving conflicts within the team. Correct answers are B, C, D
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William "Bill" Lane and Robert "Bo" Gutierrez are owners of "Bill-Bo" Bowling Balls, Inc. a small bowling ball manufacturing company located in Topeka, Kansas. One day, while walking on the public sidewalk immediately adjacent to the "Bill-Bo" Bowling Balls building, a bowling ball fell on Richard Weber, causing severe (but fortunately, non-fatal) injuries to Richard. A sole witness, Anne Marie Norton, saw the bowling ball fall from a second-story window of the building and strike Richard, but she was not able to identify the perpetrator.
Richard’s attorney, Samuel Pettibone ("S.P.") Ayre, has filed a lawsuit listing Bill Lane, Bo Gutierrez and Bill-Bo Bowling Balls, Inc. as co-defendants in the case. Will Richard Weber and his attorney, S.P. Ayre, succeed in the litigation? Why or why not? What legal concepts apply here and how?
It is possible for Richard Weber and his attorney, S.P. Ayre, to succeed in the litigation, depending on the specific circumstances and legal arguments presented. The outcome will depend on the application of relevant legal concepts and the ability to establish liability against the defendants.
In this scenario, Richard Weber and his attorney have filed a lawsuit against Bill Lane, Bo Gutierrez, and Bill-Bo Bowling Balls, Inc. to seek compensation for the injuries caused by the bowling ball falling on Richard. The success of the litigation will depend on several factors, including the legal concepts applied and the evidence presented.
One legal concept that may apply is negligence. If Richard's attorney can demonstrate that the defendants owed a duty of care to Richard, breached that duty by failing to maintain a safe premises, and that the breach directly caused Richard's injuries, they may be able to establish liability. The witness testimony of Anne Marie Norton, who saw the bowling ball fall from the building, could be crucial in establishing causation.
Another concept that may come into play is premises liability. If it can be shown that the defendants were negligent in maintaining the property and failed to prevent a hazardous condition that resulted in harm to Richard, they may be held responsible.
However, it is important to note that the specific laws and legal standards regarding negligence and premises liability can vary depending on the jurisdiction.
The success of the litigation will ultimately depend on the strength of the evidence presented, the persuasive arguments made by Richard's attorney, and how the applicable laws are interpreted and applied by the court.
It's also worth mentioning that consulting with a qualified attorney who is familiar with the laws in the relevant jurisdiction would provide the most accurate and tailored legal advice regarding the specific case.
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Which of the following statements describes the common view of corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
A) The primary responsibility of managers is to serve shareholders.
B) CSR has its roots in the deontological tradition and Keynesian economics.
C) Business has a strict obligation to contribute to social causes.
D) Profit is independent of the optimal allocation of resources.
Option A) The primary responsibility of managers is to serve shareholders. The common view of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is reflected in option A. The correct option is A.
This view holds that the primary responsibility of managers is to serve the interests of shareholders. According to this perspective, businesses should focus on maximizing profits and creating value for shareholders, as they are the owners and providers of capital.
While businesses may engage in activities that have positive social or environmental impacts, these actions are often seen as voluntary and driven by the pursuit of long-term profitability. The primary objective remains shareholder wealth maximization.
Options B and C are not representative of the common view of CSR. Option B suggests that CSR has its roots in specific philosophical and economic traditions, which is not universally accepted.
Option C implies a strict obligation for businesses to contribute to social causes, which goes beyond the typical understanding of CSR.
Option D is not related to CSR as it pertains to the independence of profit from the optimal allocation of resources, which is not directly connected to the concept of corporate social responsibility. The correct option is A.
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Pro Fender, which uses a standard cost system, manufactured 20,000 boat fenders during 2024 , using 142,000 square feet of extruded vinyl purchased at $1.25 per square foot. Production required 420 direct labor hours that cost $12.00 per hour. The direct materials standard was seven square feet of vinyl per fender, at a standard cost of $1.30 per square foot. The labor standard was 0.025 direct labor hour per fender, at a standard cost of $11.00 per hour.
Compute the cost variances for direct materials and direct labor, and identify whether each variance is favorable (F) or unfavorable (U).
To compute the cost variances for direct materials and direct labor, we will compare the actual costs incurred with the standard costs.
Direct Materials Variance:
Actual quantity of vinyl used = 142,000 square feet
Actual cost per square foot of vinyl = $1.25
Standard quantity of vinyl allowed = 20,000 fenders × 7 square feet per fender = 140,000 square feet
Standard cost per square foot of vinyl = $1.30
a. Material Quantity Variance:
SQ (Standard quantity) - AQ (Actual quantity) × SP (Standard price)
= (140,000 - 142,000) × $1.30 = -$2,600
Since the actual quantity used (AQ) is higher than the standard quantity allowed (SQ), the variance is unfavorable (U).
b. Material Price Variance:
SP (Standard price) - AP (Actual price) × AQ (Actual quantity)
= ($1.30 - $1.25) × 142,000 = $7,100
Since the actual price (AP) is lower than the standard price (SP), the variance is favorable (F).
Direct Labor Variance:
Actual direct labor hours used = 420 hours
Actual labor rate per hour = $12.00
Standard direct labor hours allowed = 20,000 fenders × 0.025 hours per fender = 500 hours
Standard labor rate per hour = $11.00
a. Labor Efficiency Variance:
SH (Standard hours) - AH (Actual hours) × SR (Standard rate)
= (500 - 420) × $11.00 = -$880
Since the actual hours (AH) are less than the standard hours allowed (SH), the variance is favorable (F).
b. Labor Rate Variance:
SR (Standard rate) - AR (Actual rate) × AH (Actual hours)
= ($11.00 - $12.00) × 420 = -$420
Since the actual rate (AR) is higher than the standard rate (SR), the variance is unfavorable (U).
In summary:
Material Quantity Variance: -$2,600 (U)
Material Price Variance: $7,100 (F)
Labor Efficiency Variance: -$880 (F)
Labor Rate Variance: -$420 (U)
Note: The variances are calculated by subtracting the actual values from the standard values. An unfavorable variance indicates that the actual costs exceed the standard costs, while a favorable variance indicates that the actual costs are lower than the standard costs.
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An individual wil inherit her mother's vacation home upon her death, and the home is located out of state. Is the individual able to purchase
insurance on the home now as the owner?
O A.Yes, because she is the assumed heir apparent
B. No, because she does not currently have an insurable interest in the home.
O C. No, beause she does not curently reside in the same state as the location of the home.
0 D. Yes, because she may someday suffer a financial loss if she does inherit the home in the future
The individual is not able to purchase insurance on the vacation home now as the owner because she does not currently have an insurable interest in the property. The correct answer is B.
The correct answer is B. No, because she does not currently have an insurable interest in the home. In order to purchase insurance on a property, the individual must have an insurable interest, which means they would suffer a financial loss if something were to happen to the property. Currently, the individual does not own the vacation home, and therefore does not have a financial stake in it. The fact that she is the assumed heir apparent does not grant her ownership or insurable interest in the home until her mother's death.
Furthermore, the individual's residency in a different state, as mentioned in option C, is not directly related to her ability to purchase insurance on the home. While the location of the property may affect the type of insurance coverage available or the premiums, it does not restrict her from purchasing insurance as the future owner. However, the key factor is her lack of current ownership and insurable interest, as mentioned in option B. Option D is also incorrect because the potential for a future financial loss does not grant the individual the ability to purchase insurance on the property before becoming the owner.
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Bonds Sold between Interest Dates at a Discount, Bond Issue Proceeds, Retirement.Samma Manufacturing Company issued $900,000 par value, 5%, five-year bonds dated famsary 1, 2016. The bonds pay interest semiannually each June 30 and December 31 . Summa issued the bonds on April 30, 2016, when the market rate of interest was 6%. Bond issue costs were $59,000. a. Determine the bond issue price including accrued interest on April 30,2016 . b. Prepare an amortization table for the bond issue using the effective interest rate method. c. Prepare the journal entries required on the date of issue and on the first two interest dates in 2016 : hune 30 and December 31 . d. The bonds are retired on June 30,2018 , for $891,000. Prepare the journal entry at retirement.
The bond issue price including accrued interest on April 30, 2016, is $3,135,090. For the amortization table we will have to calculate interest expense at 6% and discount amortization each six-month period to determine the carrying value of the bonds after each interest date.
a. Bond issue price = Present value of interest and principal. We will use the Present value of an ordinary annuity factor for the five-year term at 6%:
Principal due at maturity in five years is $900,000 x 1 = $900,000
Accrued interest is ($900,000 x 5% x 3/12) = $11,250.
Therefore, Bond issue price = $900,000 (PV of $1 at 6% for 5 years) + $11,250 (PV of $1 at 6% for 3 months)
= $900,000 (3.4651) + $11,250 (0.9848)
= $3,135,090
b. We will have to calculate interest expense at 6% and discount amortization each six-month period to determine the carrying value of the bonds after each interest date. The discount on the bond of $235,090 will be amortized over the five-year term of the bond using the effective interest rate method.
The first year’s interest expense of $94,105 ($3,135,090 x 6%) is determined by multiplying the carrying value of the bond on April 30, 2016, by the semiannual interest rate. The discount amortization of $23,509 ($235,090/10) is determined by dividing the discount by the 10 interest periods (5 years x 2 per year).
The increase in carrying value is the difference between interest expense and discount amortization.
The carrying value of the bond on December 31, 2016, is $3,106,686 ($3,135,090 - $23,509).
c. Journal Entries are required on the date of issue and on the first two interest dates in 2016, June 30 and December 31.
Apr. 30, 2016: Cash 3,135,090
Discount on Bonds Payable 235,090
Bond Issue Costs 59,000 Bonds Payable 3,000,000 (To record the issuance of bonds payable on April 30, 2016, at 94.03)
Jun. 30, 2016: Interest Expense 94,105
Discount on Bonds Payable 23,509
Cash 70,596 (To record the interest payment on June 30, 2016)
Dec. 31, 2016: Interest Expense 94,106
Discount on Bonds Payable 24,132 Cash 69,974 (To record the interest payment on December 31, 2016)d. The bonds are retired on June 30, 2018, for $891,000.
Journal Entry to record the retirement:
June 30, 2018: Bonds Payable 900,000
Discount on Bonds Payable 400,090
Loss on Bond Retirement 8,910
Cash 891,000 (To record the retirement of bonds payable at 99)
The carrying value of the bond at the time of retirement is $891,000 + $400,090 = $1,291,090. Since Summa paid only $891,000, the difference between the carrying value and cash paid is $400,090, which is recorded as a loss on bond retirement.
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