What is considered the "energy
currency" of a plant cell that is
produced by light reactions?
A. ATP this
B. ADP
C. NADP+
D. 02
All biological organisms contain the crucial chemical ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Consider it the cell's "energy currency." The ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates when a cell has to expend energy to complete a task, resulting in the formation of ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate.
What are the light processes that a plant cell uses as currency for energy?In the light-dependent reactions, chlorophyll absorbs solar energy and transforms it into chemical energy that is then stored in the form of the energy-trading molecules ATP and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) (adenosine triphosphate).
How are NADP+ and NADPH linked in the light reaction?NADPH is a different energy carrier used in photosynthesis, yet it performs similarly NADP+, which has lesser energy, becomes NADPH after absorbing a high-energy electron and a proton. NADPH becomes NADP+ once it surrenders its electron.
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QUESTION 1
Which of the following is FALSE about immunity?
A. T cells originate in the bone marrow and move into the thymus to mature
B. B cells only recognize processed antigens
C. Memory B and T cells are important in the secondary immune response and immunity
D. autoimmune diseases are when the immune system mounts an immune response to something in our own body that it should't
The statement B cells only recognize processed antigens is false about immunity. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
What are the functions of B-cells?Antigen presentation, costimulation, and cytokine production by B cells contribute to T-cell activation; affect tissue inflammation and antimicrobial defenses; and, most importantly, play the role of regulatory cells.
The two antigen-binding regions of B cell receptors are made up of four peptides, two of which are light chains and two of which are heavy chains. Heavy chains can be IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, or IgE isotypes.
The B-cell is typically an important regulatory cell in the immune system; It acts by directly contributing to inflammatory pathways, supporting other mononuclear cells, producing antibodies, and antigen-presenting cells.
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Using pictures and text, compare and contrast the digestive, circulatory and respiratory systems of an earthworm, crayfish, squid, perch and rat.
The exchange of gases usually takes place through its moist skin and capillaries called as respiratory system of earthworm
The digestive system start at the head and goes all the way down to the end of the tail and the decaying food goes in the pharynx which help to suck soil in mouth and the earthworm has a closed circulatory system and earthworm circulates blood exclusively through vessels
The squids digestive system is in form that loops and food enter the mouth and where the black chitinous beaktear the prey into the pieces and the food is then moved through the esophagus and blood then flow to the systematic heart whereas it is pimped to the rest of the body
The crayfish circulatory system is open system where blood is contained in vessel for only part of the system and the gut of the crayfish is divided into five parts
The perch digestive system start at the mouth like human and earthworm
The rat digestive system consist of an alimentary canal and the digestive gland
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Nondisjunction during meiosis can result in all of the following EXCEPT
Group of answer choices
cells abnormal numbers of sex chromosomes
cells with the normal number of chromosomes
cells with additional chromosomes
cells with missing chromosomes
Answer:
cells with normal number of chromosomes
What is it referred to when one galaxy collides with another?
O galactic cannibalism
O gravitational lensing
O globular cluster
O irregular galaxy meeting
Galactic cannibalism is referred when one galaxy collides with another.
what is galactic cannibalism?
Galactic cannibalism is the process by which a big galaxy combines with a companion through tidal gravitational interactions, creating a larger, frequently irregular galaxy.
In a new study, researchers channelled their inner Indiana Jones to demonstrate that the Milky Way, our home galaxy, once gobbled up five smaller galaxies.
That will help scientists comprehend how the Milky Way and Andromeda will engage with other, tiny, nearby galaxies and how, eventually, they will merge and join after billions of years in our portion of the cosmos.
Therefore, Option A is correct.
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Which process would change metamorphic rock to igneous rock?
O melting followed by cooling
O pressure followed by weathering
O erosion followed by compaction
O cooling followed by cementation
Answer:
The correct answer is Option A.
Explanation:
A metamorphic rock becomes an igneous rock through the process of solidification. In this process, the atoms in the rock rearrange themselves until they form a solid structure. The atoms in a liquid or gas are in constant motion, but when they are solidified, they form a fixed, crystalline structure.
Answer:
A is the right answer
Explanation:
I got it right
Which of the following is an example of a structural adaption?
*
1 point
Spikes on a bearded dragon
Venom in snake bite
Green vs brown coloration
Mimicry
An example of structural adaptation is a spike on a bearded dragon (option A).
What is structural adaptation?Adaptation in biology is an instance of an organism undergoing change, or the structure or behavior that is changed.
Adaptation can either be structural or behavioural depending on the change that occurs:
An adaptation can be structural, meaning it is a physical part of the organism. An adaptation can also be behavioural, affecting the way an organism responds to its environment.
An example of a structural adaptation is the way some plants have adapted to life in dry, hot deserts. Plants called succulents have adapted to this climate by storing water in their short, thick stems and leaves.
Therefore, the possession of spikes on a bearded dragon is an example of structural adaptation.
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List the steps in the process of family intervention and tell what happens at each step.
There are 5 steps to the process of family intervention which includes:
Self education - learn about the disease or conditionInvolve a moderator - Hire a professional interventionist who is skilled at handling the situationsBe direct - explain the impacts of the condition to the familyDiscuss consequences - talk about the ultimatums and what would happen for not seeking helpPropose treatment alternatives - propose other treatments or replacements for conditions or addictionManage expectations - remember there could be setbacks and incorporate plans for them.What are the process to family intervention?These are steps taken to ensure that family members undergo treatments necessary to help them recover from damaging habits and conditions harmful to health such as addictions, abuse, etc.
Some of these steps include Self education, being direct, discussing consequences, proposing treatments and managing expectations.
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Preparation of the correct buffer is key to any good biological experiment and it is important that you understand how to calculate the mass of each chemical required to make that buffer and what the resulting concentration of those constituents will be in moles per litre. Your text book explains that moles are just a way to express the amount of a substance, such that one mole is equal to 6.02 x 1023 particles of that substance. These particles can be can be atoms, molecules, ions etc, so 1 mole of water is equal to 6.02 x 1023 water molecules, or 1 mole of Na+ is equal to 6.02 x 1023 Na+ ions. Since different chemicals have different molecular weights (based on the number of protons and neutrons each atom contains) 1 mole or 6.02 x 1023 atoms of oxygen (O) will have a mass of 16g whereas 1 mole or 6.02 x 1023 atoms of sodium (Na) will have a mass of 23g. If you need more information on moles, please read Encyclopedia Britannica's Moles website. Although you may sometimes see it written as g/litre, the concentration of solutions is more often described in term of molarity since it better defines the chemical properties of a solution because it is proportional to the number of molecules or ions in solution, irrespective of molecular mass of its constituents. However, it is not possible to measure moles on a laboratory balance, so in the first instance chemicals are measured by mass (milligrams, grams, kilograms etc) and the number of moles is calculated using the known molecular mass (often called molecular weight and abbreviated to M.W.) of the chemical. As indicated earlier, the molecular mass of a chemical is based on the number of protons and neutrons that is contained in each atom (eg NaCl is made up of one molecule of Na, M.W. = 22.99g and one molecule of Cl, M.W. = 35.45g, so the M.W. of NaCl is 58.44g). These values can be found in the periodic table however the molecular mass of chemicals is generally provided by any vendors of the products and so can also be found on various suppliers’ websites.
Molecular masses of the given sample are:
NaCl: 58.44 g/mole, 80 g, 1.37 M
KCl: 74.55 g/mole, 2 g, 27 mM
Na2HPO4: 142.01 g/mole, 14.2 g, 100 mM
KH2PO4: 136.09 g/mole, 2.4 g, 18 mM
What do you mean by molecular mass?The molecular mass is the mass of a given molecule: it is measured in daltons. Different molecules of the same compound may have different molecular masses because they contain different isotopes of an element.
Moreover, molecular mass or molecular weight is the mass of a molecule. “The molecular mass of a substance is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule of the substance”. It is expressed in the atomic mass unit(u).
Therefore, molecular mass of an element is defined as the sum of the masses of the elements present in the molecule. Molecular mass is obtained by multiplying the atomic mass of an element with the number of atoms in the molecule and then adding the masses of all the elements in the molecule.
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What most likely caused a substance to be solid
A giant redwood tree captures sunlight with its leaves and uses that energy to create sugars to fuel cellular p Which characteristic of life does this trait best represent? O metabolism O response O growth and development O cellular organiz
Answer:
photosynthesis
Are the resulting cells at the end of Mitosis diploid or haploid
diploid
Explanation:The four daughter cells resulting from meiosis are haploid and genetically distinct. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell.
Which type of blood vessel could be considered analogous to the main roads for a "delivery truck" that provides the materials the "factories" of your body need to work?
ventricle
vein
artery
aorta
Answer:
vein
Explanation:
Which is not a way that ectothermic animals maintain their bodies at a consistent, appropriate temperature?
A. By generating large amounts of metabolic heat
B. By constricting or dilating blood vessels near the surface of the skin
C. Through behavioral adaptations such as basking in the sun or cooling in the shade
D. Bypassing cool venous blood near warm arteries running in the opposite direction
The method by which ectothermic animals do not regulate their body temperature is: (A) by generating large amount of metabolic heat.
Ectothermic animals such as snakes as well as lizards do not utilize metabolic heat in order to maintain their body temperature. Ectothermic animals are primarily dependent on the external sources of heat. The body temperature of such animals changes according to the external temperature.
On the other hand, endothermic animals tend to maintain a uniform body temperature through the process of metabolic heat production, e.g. birds as well as mammals. The internal body temperature of endothermic animals is almost independent of the temperature of their surrounding habitat.
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The circle below represents sells the arrow shows the movement of materials State whether each diagram represents active or passive transport
Passive transport carries molecules from the more concentrated side to the less concentrated one, while active transport carries molecules against their electrochemical gradient, needing the energy to do it.
Note: Since the image is not attached and I could not find it, I will define active and passive transport and attach an image with cells, molecules, and arrows indicating molecule motion for each transport case.
What are active and passive transport?Active and passive transport are two ways in which substances can move through the plasmatic membranes.
Passive transport occurs in favor of an electrochemical gradient and does not need energy to move because molecules move from the more concentrated side to the less concentrated one.
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are two types of passive transport.
On the contrary, active transport moves molecules against their electrochemical gradient. This means that molecules move from the concentrated side to the more concentrated one. This process needs the energy to occur.
In the attached image you will find two scenarios. One of them is passive transport and the other one is active trasport. You should notice the differences in substances concentrations at each side of the membrane, and the arrow direction.
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A student is setting up an experiment. The student has 20 identical young plants and will try to answer this question how does the amount of water give it to these plants each day affect how tall the plants grow? 1.State an appropriate hypothesis for this experiment.2. Identify one condition other than identical young plants that should be held constant during the experiment. 3. Identify one measurement tool needed for this experiment and describe the type of data measured by this tool. Measurement tool:
Type of data measured by tool
1) Hypothesis: If the plant receives the same amount of water every day, it will grow taller than plants that receive different daily amounts of water. 2) Controlled variable: Light exposure. 3) Measurement tool: Millimeter ruler.
What is a hypothesis and controlled variables?
A hypothesis is a scientific conjecture, not verified, that requires corroboration. It is a claim of how it works a relationship between two or more variables.
The researcher hypothesizes to predict what is going on or what is expected to occur.
A hypothesis
• must be clear and comprehensive.
• must express the direct relationship between the involved variables.
• must be objective.
• must be testeable and falsifiable
Controlled variables are those that need to be kept constant during the experiment to avoid their effect on the results. These variables are the same in the control and all the experimental groups, so they can not influence the results.
In the exposed example,
Question ⇒ how does the amount of water given to these plants each day affect how tall the plants grow?
1) Hypothesis ⇒ If the plant receives the same amount of water every day, it will grow taller than plants that receive different daily amounts of water.
2) Controlled variables ⇒ soil pH, temperature, light exposure
3) Measurement tool ⇒ millimeter ruler
This tool is useful to measure the change in tall plants daily. Being millimetric helps the researcher get a more accurate measure of the plant changes in height during the whole experiment.
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Help me lolll pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls
Answer:
Plants are amazing organisms! In a process called photosynthesis, they take sunlight energy from the sun,carbon dioxide gas from the air, and water from the ground and make glucose (food energy)! They also make oxygen during this process. Plants can either immediately use the glucose they make to power their cells or sto… use.
Explanation:
I couldn't read some of the text due to the picture, but this should be right. I hope this helps! :)
How did the accurrences of the different traits change over the 30-year period? Use euidence from the graph to support your answer. Using what you know about natural selection and adaptation, what generalization can you make based on these changes?
When changes occur to face environmental pressures, they must increase the individual's fitness to be favored by natural selection and result in adaptation. Between 1950 and 1980, individuals with half their bodies covered by plates decreased, while individuals with their whole bodies covered by plates increased.
How are adaptation and natural selection related?
Adaptations can be understood as the way in which different organisms manage to improve their fitness in the environment in which they live. To do it, they must adjust to the changes and selective pressures acting on them.
Adaptations involve changes and are usually related to mutations (let us remember that mutations are changes in DNA nucleotide sequences).
These changes must be beneficial for the individuals, meaning they must increase their fitness and make them more competitive.
If they do not increase their fitness (aptitude) they get lost.
If they increase the individual's fitness, they are selected by natural selection and transmitted through generations.
When natural selection favors a mutation, it sets it in the population and is inherited by the following generations. These mutations improve the individual's survival and reproductive rates. Hence, natural selection results in adaptation.
Image explanation
In the exposed example, we can see how the percentage of plates covering the animal's body changed through time.
At the beginning of the study (the year 1950), most animals had half of their bodies covered by plates (green bar), and only a few individuals had 2/3 bodies protected (orange bar).
As the lake changed its clarity, stickleback fishes with only half of their bodies protected got probably more exposed and easily seen by their predators. Their survival and reproductive rates decreased. From 1950 to the end of the study, their population size decreased significantly.
Predation acted as the environmental pressure. So the fish species needed to face this problem.
By 1960, a few individuals developed a new strategy. Their whole bodies were protected by plates (blue bar). This phenotype meant an increase in their survival and reproductive rates, so this strategy spread more in the population. Natural selection favored this change and set it.
By 1980 most individuals had their whole bodies protected by plates, and only a few of them still had half of their bodies covered. Since this turned out to be a beneficial change, population size started to recover.
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3. These are a part of the biotic component and are responsible for making the
own food.
a. producers
b. consumers
u. bears
c. habitats
d. niche
Answer:
producers
Explanation:
because they are living and most produce their own food through processes like photosynthesis. (e.g. plants and algea)
When two molecules of water are oxidized by PSII, how many total hydrogens are generated in the thylakoid lumen?
When two molecules of water are oxidized by PSII, the total hydrogens generated in the thylakoid lumen is 4 hydrogen ions.
What are molecules?A molecule is de scribed as a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds.
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in photosystems I, PSI, and photosystems II, PSII present in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.
In the light reactions of photosynthesis, water molecules are oxidized to oxygen and ATP molecules are produced which drives the dark reactions of photosynthesis.
Thylakoids lumen are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria which are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
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What advantages does a coelom provide the earthworm and the salamander?
Explanation:
The coelom refers to the body cavity derived from mesoderm germ layer and mainly found in multicellular animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs.
There are many advantages that coelom provides to the earthworm and the salamander. The digestive system of earthworms and salamanders is more complex, here coelomic fluid helps their body processes and assists as a hydrostatic skeleton.
The coelom's main advantage is its flexibility. The internal organs for example the heart, liver, lungs, and intestines develop, and they help to push into the coelom. The fluid of the coelom diminishes the organs for protecting the organs and also enables them to turn, bend, shift and move. In this way, coelom helps the animals internally to finish and run the system inside in the correct way. Coelom helps the earthworms and salamanders in building the correct system and protecting their organs to maintain and enable them to function properly.
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Which heart calves are open and which are closed when blood passes out of the right ventricle towards the lungs?
Answer:
When the left ventricle contracts, the right ventricle also contracts. This causes the pulmonary valve to open and the tricuspid valve to close. Blood flows out from the right ventricle to the lungs before it is returned to the left atrium as fresh, oxygenated blood.
Explanation:
The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is determined by the sequence of
nucleotides in
a. amino acids
b. DNA
c. tRNA
d. ribosomes
Answer:
DNA
Explanation:
The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in DNA .
The process of copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called transcription , and it follows the complementarity .
For eg. - If DNA sequence is ATTCGA then the RNA sequence will be UAAGCU .
( Adenosine forms base pair with Uracil instead of Thymine in RNA )
Please answer ,it’s due tomorrow!
After an experiment, Monica creates a graph that chose a direct linear relationship between the size of a fish and the amount of oxygen the fish uses. Describe this trend, in terms of the amount of oxygen that a fish would use, as it grows from being very small to very large.
Based o Monica's linear graph, the growth of the fish means more demand for oxygen.
How does an increase in body size affect the demand for nutrients by living organisms?An increase in body size increases the demand for nutrients in living organisms.
This is because an increase in the size of organisms or growth results in an increase in the number of cells, and the needs of each cell also increase.
Thus, for the direct linear relationship between the size of a fish and the amount of oxygen the fish uses, the demand for oxygen for the fish will increase with the increase in the size of the fish.
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list four types of evidence a scientist use to study climate conditions what's occurred in the past
The history of scientific discovery of climate change began in the early 19th century when Ice Ages and other natural paleoclimate changes were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect was first identified.
Evidence of past climate includes:
Buried in sediments at the bottom of the oceans and lakesLocked away in coral reefsFrozen in glaciers and ice capsPreserved in the rings of treesTo know more about climate change visit:
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Which of the following would
NOT be considered a woody
plant?
A. shrub
B. cacti this
C. tree
D. vine
help asap
What causes the rock layers of mountains to form zigzag shape?(1 point) Responses a transform fault a transform fault continental plate uplift continental plate uplift a normal fault a normal fault folding of rock
The outcrop of the eroded plunging anticlines and synclines bureaucracy a function zigzag pattern in the rock.
The fracturing of rock layers arise through excessive stress resulting from plate tectonics. This stress takes place because of convergent plate barriers in which the tectonic plates collide and push in opposition to every different in contrary directions.
When rocks deform in a ductile manner, in preference to fracturing to shape faults or joints, they will bend or fold, and the ensuing systems are referred to as folds. Folds end result from compressional stresses or shear stresses performing over sizeable time.
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Identify from which region of the vertebral column each vertebrae belongs to. What are the differences between the size of the body, vertebral foramen, and spinous processes?
Within the various regions of the spine, the vertebrae vary in size and shape, but they all follow similar structural patterns.
What is spine?Your spine, or backbone, is the central supporting structure of your body. It connects different parts of the musculoskeletal system. The spine helps us sit, stand, walk, twist and bend. Back injuries, spinal cord disorders, and other problems can damage the spine and cause back pain. The spine is the central supporting structure of our body. The spine is a chain of bones, but it is made flexible by elastic ligaments and intervertebral discs. The vertebrae are generally numbered and divided into different regions. Neck, chest, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx. Only the top 24 bones are movable.To learn more about spine from the given link :
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Picture 1 is a part of cervical vertebrae and picture 2 is a part of thoracic vertebrae.
What is cervical and thoracic vertebrae?
The C1–C7 vertebrae, which make up the cervical spine (neck area), are connected to one another by intervertebral discs. These discs provide the spine with mobility and serve as shock absorbers when people are moving around.There are 12 vertebrae in the thoracic area, identified as T1–T12. Spinal nerves emerge through a space created by the intervertebral discs, laminae, pedicles, and articular processes of neighboring vertebrae. Combined, the thoracic vertebrae form a kyphotic curvature.Difference between size of the body, vertebral foramen and spinous processes:
Regardless of body size, nearly all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae. This indicates that there are significant differences in the size of cervical vertebrae, ranging from the shrew's relatively short cervical vertebrae to the giraffe's neck's much lengthened vertebrae. Each cervical vertebra in a fully mature giraffe measures 11 inches in height.The spinal cord and its meninges are located in the vertebral foramen. The spinal cord is located in this spacious passageway that runs up and down inside each vertebra; it is commonly referred to as the spinal canal rather than the vertebral foramen.The lumbar spinous processes (LSP) provide a crucial anatomical and biomechanical purpose by anchoring the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments, as well as the intersegmental paraspinal muscles and safeguarding the neuronal structures in the spinal canal.Hence one is cervical vertebrae and the other is thoracic vertebrae.
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In ASEXUAL reproduction, what is the main means for genetic variation in organisms?
O meiosis
O crossing over
O fertilization
O mutations
Answer:
mutations
Explanation:
asexual means no sex involved. that can only mean that mutations can make the cells dofferent
Form a hypothesis to explain the earthquakes that preceded the eruption of Mount St. Helens' 2004 eruption.
The eruption was preceded by a two-month series of earthquakes and steam-venting episodes produced by an injection of magma at shallow depth below the mountain.
What preceded the eruption of Mount St. Helens' 2004 eruption?A wave of diminishing pressure traveled down the volcanic conduit until it reached the underground magma reservoir. The magma reservoir then started to rise, produce bubbles (degas), and erupt explosively, which drove a Plinian eruption that lasted for 9 hours. Mount St. Helens's summit crater saw a steam-blast eruption recently.
An injection of magma at a shallow depth below the mountain caused an enormous bulge and a fracture system on Mount St. Helens' north slope before the eruption, which was preceded by a series of earthquakes and steam-venting episodes that lasted for two months.
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