What effect will a large increase in blood volume have on blood pressure, in a blood vessel with a high compliance as compared to one with low compliance?
Blood pressure will rise more in blood vessels with lesser compliance as a result.
What is blood pressure?Blood pressure (BP) is the force exerted by moving blood against blood vessel walls. The heart's action of pumping blood through the circulatory system is mostly responsible for this pressure. The pressure in the major arteries is meant when the word "blood pressure" is used without qualifier. Systolic pressure, or the highest pressure during one heartbeat, is typically stated as the ratio of diastolic pressure, or the lowest pressure between two heartbeats, in blood pressure measurements. It is expressed as a millimeter of mercury (mmHg) above the air pressure in the immediate vicinity.
Along with respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature, blood pressure is one of the vital signs that medical practitioners consider when assessing a patient's health. An adult's normal resting blood pressure is about 120 millimeters of mercury.
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Enzymes are catalysts in reactions. what statements describe functions of enzymes?
Enzymes are catalysts in reactions. The following statements describe functions of enzymes:-
Enzymes assist in speeding up chemical reactions in the body.Enzymes function by reducing the activation energy of a reaction, hence increasing the rate of reaction. This is achieved through binding to a substance known as the substrate. The substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme. The active sites are clefts located on the surface of an enzyme and are made up of of amino acids from different parts of the polypeptide chain brought together in the tertiary structure of the folded protein. The substrate binds to the active site through noncovalent interactions which include hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Enzymes are not destroyed during the process, thus, a cell can reuse each enzyme constantly.To learn more about Enzymes here
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Due often to excess sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting, ____________ causes the cell membrane to be hyperpolarized due to increased concentration gradients
Due often to excess sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting, hypokalemia causes the cell membrane to be hyperpolarized due to increased concentration gradients.
What is hypokalemia?The cell membrane is a biological membrane that shields the cell from its surroundings and keeps the interior of all cells isolated from the outside world.A cell membrane, often referred to as a plasma membrane, is present in every cell and serves as a barrier between the interior of the cell and the outside world.A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The cell membrane controls the flow of substances into and out of the cell.Cell membrane refers to the cell's outermost body. Both plants and animals have it. This membrane is alive, fragile, and thin. A very small number of molecules can pass through the cell membrane, which is a semi-permeable membrane.The cytoplasm, which is the material positioned between the membrane and the nucleus of a cell, is enclosed by a thin layer known as the cell membrane. It lets good things get through while preventing bad ones. The fundamental structural component of all living things is the cell.
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please i need help!!!
Answer:
the answer is d
Explanation:
photosynthesis is a process in plants to produce o2 and energy rich compounds
Which of the following structures would carry out respiration.
a. germinating cowpea
b. decolorized leaf
c. boiled cowpea
d. dry leaf
Answer:
a. germination cowpea
Explanation:
please mark me brainlist and
Muscles are named according to their:____________.
i. location or number of heads.
ii. function or action.
iii. origin or insertion point.
iv. size or shape.
v. all of the choices are correct
Muscles are named according to their size, location, function, origin or insertion point. The location of muscles are named on the bases of their size and location such as sternocleidomastoid which is named after its origin ( on ster-num and clavicle) and insertion ( mastoid process).
Naming of the muscles after its function that allows a person to move speak and chew , they can control heartbeat , breathing and digestion.Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and helps in its movement , and perform involuntary function and cardiac contractions.
There are more than 650 muscles in human body such as smooth muscle, they perform variety of vital function.
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What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition?
The food that contains non-nutrient substances that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition is termed as Functional foods.
What are the benefits of functional foods?They are considered to be whole, fortified, enriched and enhanced foods.They do not contain essential nutrients like minerals, vitamins, protein etc.When functional foods are added to the diet on a regular basis they in a good amount then they provide health benefits to our body.This may also help to reduce the risk of disease.Example of functional foods: - Fruits : berries, apple, banana, orange, guava etc.Nuts: almonds, cashew, dates, pistachio etc.Vegetables : bottle gourd, carrot, radish, spinach etc.Seed : chia seeds, pumpkin seeds etc.To know more about nutrition visit: https://brainly.com/question/11856920
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Results of research showing that auditory hallucinations are localized in the expressive speech area of the brain suggest that?
Results of research showing that auditory hallucinations are localized in the expressive speech area of the brain suggest that When someone is hallucinating, they are actually hearing their own thoughts.
What is hallucination?The sensory sense of hearing noises without an external trigger is known as auditory hallucinations. Despite not being unique to schizophrenia, this symptom is notably linked to it and other psychotic diseases.Hearing sounds or noises, such as music, animal calls, natural sounds, or background noises, might be a symptom of auditory hallucinations. They could appear to be coming from everywhere, including the surroundings or head. There are extremes of very silent and very loud sounds.Numerous psychiatric conditions, most notably schizophrenia, can result in auditory hallucinations. Additionally, they can take place in dementia, PTSD, and bipolar disorder. Knowing the underlying cause of an illness can help with treatment.
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Describe 3 ways that meiosis (and sexual reproduction in general) generates diversity. be specific and detailed!
Answer:
During Prophase 1 the crossing over of the homologous pairs of chromosomes exchange parts of each other which can result causing new traits.
During independent assortment chromosome pairs align randomly during metaphase I which also creates diversity.
Random Fertilization makes up genetic diversity because of the mixture of each unique sperm with each individual egg.
Explanation:
Please list intervening events that occur within the organism during the learning experience:_________
Our minds have natural tend-any to connect events that happens around us. Learning like reflexes and instincts which allows an organism to adapt to its environment.
Instincts and reflex are learned behaviors involve change and experience. learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior that result from experience. Organisms responding is influenced by the observation of others who called models. The ability to learn is a process in which humans animals and some machines , there is evidence for some kind of learning in certain plants.
In classical conditioning which can also called Pavlovian conditioning that organism learn to associated events which repeatedly happen together.This experience throughout our daily life. Learning is aquairing new understanding , behavior, skills, values, attitudes, etc.
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Which synovial joint movement is descrbied as turning the sole away from the midle of the body?
Eversion synovial joint movement is described as turning the sole away from the middle of the body.
What is synovial joint?At the point where the articulating bones make contact, synovial joints move. Bones can rotate around or slide past one another because to synovial joints. Abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, and rotation are the movements that result from this.The joints of the limbs and other bones that rub up against one another are examples of synovial joints.It has a fluid-filled joint cavity as a defining characteristic.Long bones can articulate within a chamber filled with fluid in synovial joints. The connective tissue known as articular cartilage that covers the ends of bones serves as a load-bearing, low-friction, and wear-resistant surface to let joints move more easily.A thin layer of sturdy, smooth articular cartilage covers the surfaces of the bones where they come together to form a synovial joint. The two sides of the two cartilage-covered bone are separated and lubricated by a very thin layer of slick, viscous joint fluid known as synovial fluid.Learn more about synovial joint here:
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When observing the gel at the end of the run period, the dna band that is closest to the positive electrode is the.
The answer is smallet is size.
What is electrode?Electrode, electric conductor, usually metal, operated as either of the two terminals of an electrically operating medium; it conducts current into and out of the medium, which may be an electrolytic resolution as in a storage battery, or a solid, gas, or vacuum.The main use of electrodes is to generate electrical current and pass it through non-metal objects to essentially alter them in several ways. Electrodes are also used to calculate conductivity.The electrode is the location where electron transfer happens. An electrode is classified as either a cathode or an anode counting on the type of chemical response that happens. If an oxidation reaction happens at an electrode.To learn more about electrode, refer to:
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Which of the following is a high-heat, high red-spectrum lighting choice?
High heat lighting is that with the lowest number of degrees Kelvin and high red spectrum is generally defined as radiation with wavelengths between 600 and 700 nm.
What is warm lighting?Warm light is the one with the fewest degrees Kelvin, typically around 2,700K, bringing in light that is pulled yellow.
What is red spectrum light?Red light is generally defined as radiation with wavelengths between 600 and 700 nm. Although red light has a low luminous efficiency, which means the light appears relatively dim to people, it has a high relative quantum efficiency and is highly absorbed by the red-absorbing (PR) form of phytochrome.
With this information, we can conclude that red light has a low luminous efficiency, which means the light appears relatively dim to people.
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What are possible advantages for self-pollination to have evolved in a flowering plant species? select all that apply.
All the options are correct: The advantages of self - pollination include;
the plant species can survive in areas where animal pollinators are absent, the plant species tends to produce offspring that are more uniform compared to offspring resulting from outcrossing and less energy can be spent on attracting pollinator.What is pollination?Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilization and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.
There are two main types of pollination:
Self pollinationCross pollinationWhat is self pollination?Self-pollination is a form of pollination in which pollen from the same plant arrives at the stigma of a flower or at the ovule.
Advantages of self pollination;The plant species can survive in areas where animal pollinators are absent.The plant species tends to produce offspring that are more uniform compared to offspring resulting from outcrossing.Less energy can be spent on attracting pollinator.Thus, the possible advantages for self-pollination to have evolved in a flowering plant species are; the plant species can survive in areas where animal pollinators are absent and less energy can be spent on attracting pollinator.
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The complete question is below:
What are possible advantages for self-pollination to have evolved in a flowering plant species? select all that apply.
-The plant species can survive in areas where animal pollinators are absent.
-The plant species tends to produce offspring that are more uniform compared to offspring resulting from outcrossing.
-Less energy can be spent on attracting pollinator.
Which best describes the process occurring at locations U and X?
The thing that best describes the process occurring at locations U and X is B. Water changes from a liquid to a gas.
What is Vaporization?This refers to the phase change that occurs when there is a change of water liquid to gaseous form.
This form of physical change occurs at boiling temperature.
Therefore, from the given image, the process that occurs at locations U and X is vaporization as Water changes from a liquid to a gas and the water became vapor.
There are different physical changes that occurs from W, U, and X and heat is applied in the locations U and C which changes the available water there from liquid to gaseous form.
The other forms of phase changes are:
VaporizationCondensationEvaporization FreeezingMeltingDepositionSublimationRead more about vaporization here:
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The complete question is:
Which best describes the process occurring at locations U and X?
Water cycles from a nonliving to a living part of the environment.Water changes from a liquid to a gas.Water changes from a gas to a liquid.Water cycles from a living to a nonliving part of the environment.What is the key difference between the oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide in a calorimeter and the biological oxidation of glucose in the human body?
Key difference between the oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide in a calorimeter and the biological oxidation of glucose in the human body is that the living organism captures some of the energy as chemical energy.
Complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose results in the production of the equivalent of 38 molecules of ATP. This results in the production of 38 molecules of water, because formation of the phosphodiester bond between ADP and inorganic phosphate involves the splitting off of a molecule of water. Oxidation of glucose in a calorimeter is completely inefficient. The products of oxidation are carbon dioxide and water, and all of the energy produced is released as heat.
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the mammalian tail and
the human coccyx (tail bone)
the leaves of pitcher plants
and cacti
the flippers of penguins
and dolphins
the bills of ducks
and platypuses
Homologous
the shells of turtles
and crabs
Analogous
The mammalian tail and the human coccyx, the leaves of pitcher plants and cacti, are homologous organs while, the flippers of penguins and dolphins, as well as the shells of turtles and crabs are analogous structures.
What are homologous organs?Homologous organs are those that are similar in structure but operate differently. They resulted from divergent evolution.
Divergent evolution occurs when species are closely connected to the same ancestors but develop similar structures that perform different tasks in different environments.
Analogous Organs are organs from various creatures that, despite their appearance, perform the same function.
In the given case, the mammalian tail and coccyx, as well as the leaves of pitcher plants and cacti, are homologous organs, whereas penguin and dolphin flippers, as well as turtle and crab shells, are analogous structures.
Thus, these are the different instances of homologous and analogous organs.
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Which of these amino acids are converted to succinyl coa? 1. isoleucine 2. valine 3. methionine 4. arginine 5. threonine a. 2, 3, and 4 b. 1, 3, and 5 c. 2 and 4 d. 2, 4, and 5 e. 1 and 5
Isoleucine ,methionine and valine are converted to succinyl coA.
Isoleucine and valine can be converted to succinyl-CoA after converting first to propionyl-CoA. Since conversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA requires vitamin B12, catabolism of these amino acids also requires the same vitamin.
Valine oxidation produces propionyl-coA, which is converted into methyl malonyl and succinyl-coA. Succinyl CoA can be formed from methyl malonyl CoA through the utilization of deoxyadenosyl-B12 (deoxy adenosyl cobalamin) by the enzyme methyl malonyl-CoA mutase.
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What hormones does the body produce to prepare the body for quick physical action?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline hormones the body produce to prepare the body for quick physical action.The primary function of adrenaline also known as epinephrine and noradrenaline, two hormones secreted by the adrenal glands, is to get the body prepared for a "fight or flight" reaction under pressure.
The main effects of adrenaline include speeding up breathing, raising blood pressure, widening the pupil of the eye, lessening pain sensitivity, improving vision, hearing, and other senses, slowing digestion, rerouting blood to the muscles, and changing the body's metabolism to maximise oxygen and nutrients to the body and raise blood glucose levels (primarily for the brain).
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What is the overall incidence rate of listeriosis in the united states (assume a population of 315,505,000 and express your answer per 1,000,000 in the population)?
Based on active surveillance in 10 Food Net sites, the annual incidence of laboratory-confirmed listeriosis in the United States is approximately 0.24 cases per 100,000 people. 0.2 cases per 100,000 people is the U.S. Healthy People 2020external icon target for listeriosis.
The infection known as listeriosis is brought on by Listeria monocytogenes. Eating foods contaminated with the bacteria causes infection in humans. Listeria can infect the bloodstream, spinal cord membranes, brain, and many other areas of the body.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, over 1,600 Americans contract listeriosis year, and approximately 260 of them pass away. A total of 1,500 of the roughly 1,600 people who contract the disease each year will be hospitalized, according to the 94% hospitalization rate.learn more about listeriosis here:
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A joint capsule (articular capsule) has two layers. the function of the capsule's internal layer is to?
The function of the joint capsule ( articular capsule ) is to produce synovial fluid.
The joint pill presents passive joint stability, proscribing the joint range of motion, mostly via the tough, fibrous outer layer. The capsule also affords nutrients and lubrication to the joint via the internal synovial layer.
The articular capsule additionally includes two layers
The outer fibrous membrane which could incorporate ligaments and The internal synovial membrane that secretes the lubricating, shock-soaking up, and joint-nourishing synovial fluid.The joint pill, ligaments, and tendons serve to stabilize the joint, distribute the biomechanical load at the joint and shield the joint through proscribing its regular variety of movement.
It includes two layers, an outer fibrous layer and an inner layer known as the synovial membrane. also called the synovium, it includes a synovial lining and the assisting stromal tissue. It produces synovial fluid that lubricates the joint. The fibrous outer layer of the articular tablet improves joint balance.
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The function of the joint capsule (Articular Capsule) is to produce Synovial Fluid.
Synovial Fluid is viscous fluid present in cavity of Synovial Joints. It comprises of white egg like consistency. This fluid reduces friction between the joints. Synovial fluid that lubricates the joint.
The Capsule affords nutrients and lubrication to the joint via the internal synovial layer.
The articular capsule has two layers:
Outer fibrous membrane- Incorporate ligaments- Improve joint balance
Internal synovial membrane -Secretes the lubricating- shock-soaking up
-joint-nourishing synovial fluid.
An Outer fibrous layer and an Inner layer is known as the Synovial Membrane. Also called the Synovium, it includes a Synovial lining and the Assisting Stromal Tissue.
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In a tube of media, what type of microorganism would you expect to find at the very bottom of the media?
In a tube of media, Obligate anaerobes would be found at the very bottom of the media.
These microbes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest.
Obligate anaerobes do not possess the defenses that make aerobic life possible and therefore cannot survive in air. The excited singlet oxygen molecule is very reactive. Therefore, superoxide must be removed for the cells to survive in the presence of oxygen.
Microaerophiles will grow in a thin layer below the richly-oxygenated layers.
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Taylor munandi's obstetrician advised her not to change her cat's litter box because handling animal feces places her at risk of which condition?
Taylor Munandi's obstetrician advised her not to change her cat's litter box because handling animal feces puts her at risk of developing toxoplasmosis, which is caused by a microscopic parasite called Toxoplasma gondii and transmitted through cat feces.
What can toxoplasmosis cause in the baby?Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite that lives and multiplies in cats. The fetus can be born prematurely, and a newborn can have problems such as a small head or an enlarged liver. Blood and other fluid tests may be done to detect the infection in the fetus, newborn, or mother.
Can someone who has toxoplasmosis in pregnancy have a normal delivery?It is not transmitted in childbirth, but in utero. The transmission of toxoplasmosis from mother to child takes place via the placenta and does not depend on the type of delivery chosen. Talk to her obstetrician to closely monitor this pregnancy.
With this information, we can conclude that Toxoplasmosis, popularly known as cat disease, is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), found in cat feces, water or undercooked meat such as pork or lamb, contaminated with the parasite.
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Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra were the Romanov rulers of Russia when the Bolshevik revolution took place in 1917. During this revolution, Tsar Nicholas II was overthrown, and the majority of his family members were killed. The remains of two of the Tsar and Tsarina’s children, Alexei and Anastasia, were never found. Suppose two people came forward who claim to be the missing Romanovs.
Which technology could only be used to identify Alexei?
DNA technology
STR analysis
mtDNA analysis
Y-chromosome analysis
The technology that could be used to identify Alexei DNA technology or Y-chromosome analysis.
How is the DNA test done to determine paternity?The paternity test is carried out through DNA, and aims to verify the degree of kinship between the person and his supposed father. This test can be done during pregnancy or after the baby is born by analyzing the blood, saliva or hairs of the mother, child and the alleged father.
What is Y chromosome analysis?The Y Chromosome test is mostly used to determine if there is a paternal relationship between two males. It is an extremely accurate and conclusive test and can be used in different situations. Any two males who are connected by a direct line can have this test done in order to determine relationship.
With this information, we can conclude that Genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in genes, chromosomes, or proteins.
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In photosynthesis, the plant uses energy from the sun, plus water and carbon dioxide, to synthesize ____.
In photosynthesis, the plant uses energy from the sun, plus water and carbon dioxide, to synthesize Glucose.
The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine into oxygen and sugar-based energy is known as photosynthesis.
The main purpose of photosynthesis is to transform solar energy into chemical energy, which is then stored for later use. The majority of the time, this mechanism powers the planet's life systems.
The products of photosynthesis are glucose (sugar), oxygen, and water, while the reactants are light energy, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll. The photosynthetic cell uses these sugar molecules as the building blocks to create more intricate molecules like glucose.
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How many atp molecules are consumed in the hexose stage of glycolysis for every one molecule of glucose?
Three ATP molecules are consumed in the hexose stage of glycolysis for every one molecule of glucose.
What is glycolysis?The metabolic process that turns glucose into pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis. The high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are created using the free energy released during this process. A series of ten enzyme-catalyzed processes make up glycolysis.The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experience it.The initial process in breaking down glucose to release energy for cellular metabolism is called glycolysis. An energy-consuming phase and an energy-releasing phase make up glycolysis.Learn more about glycolysis here:
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What components and structures of membrane facilitates unequal distribution of polar and charged molecules on two different sides of membrane? How would that be useful for propagating nerve impulse?
The Ion Channels of membrane facilitates unequal distribution of polar and charged molecules on two different sides of membrane.
The traveling wave of electrical excitation, known as an action potential/nerve impulse, can carry a message without attenuation from one end of a neuron to the other as speeds as great 100m/sec or more.
The voltage is an electrical potential energy that is caused by the separation of opposite charges, in the case of across membrane.
It is so because a membrane potential arises when, there is a difference in electrical charge on both the sides of a membrane, due to a slight excess in positive ions over negative ones on one side and a slight deficit on the other.
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If you inoculate and incubate a pr-glucose and 24 hours later you observe that the medium has turned yellow, and that there is a bubble in the durham tube, you conclude that the bacteria are?
If you inoculate and incubate a pr-glucose and 24 hours later you observe that the medium has turned yellow, and that there is a bubble in the durham tube, you conclude that the bacteria are glucose + and gas +.
If an organism is skillful of fermenting the sugar glucose, then acidic result are seen and the pH indicator turns yellow. Escherichia coli is capable of fermenting glucose as are Proteus mirabilis (far right) and Shigella dysenteriae (far left).Bacteria can utilize a much greater variety of sugars, but given a choice prefer glucose. All bacteria produce gas when they ferment. That is indicated by a color change of a phenol red glucose broth from red to yellow.
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Identify the letter that indicates where most nutrient and waste exchange occurs between the tissue and blood
A indicates where most nutrient and waste exchange occurs between the tissue and blood i.e., the capillaries
In the capillaries, waste, nutrients, and gases are exchanged between the blood and tissue. Small blood arteries called capillaries create networks surrounding body cells by branching off from arterioles.In the lungs, capillaries release carbon dioxide for expiration and take oxygen from the air that has been inhaled into the bloodstream.Because capillaries are so tiny, only one blood cell can pass through them at a time. These capillaries allow nutrients and oxygen to reach the cells. Wastes from the cells can be transported to the blood through capillaries and veins.learn more about capillaries here: https://brainly.com/question/13047198
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Deamination of amino acids in the excretory system will initially result in the formation of?
Deamination of amino acids in the excretory system will initially result in the formation of ammonia.
The NH2 (amino group) combines with a hydrogen ion (proton) to form ammonia (NH3).
Ammonia is very toxic and usually is excreted directly by marine animals. Terrestrial animals usually need to conserve water. Ammonia is converted to urea, a compound the body can tolerate at higher concentrations than ammonia.
Birds and insects secrete uric acid that they make through large energy expenditure but little water loss. Amphibians and mammals secrete urea that they form in their liver. Amino groups are turned into ammonia, which in turn is converted to urea, dumped into the blood and concentrated by the kidneys.
During deamination, enzymes remove the amino group as ammonia (NH3). Ammonia is toxic, even at low concentrations, and requires large amounts of water to flush it out of the body.
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Arrange the layers of rock oldest to youngest- conglomerate, limestone with crinoid, shale with ammonite, sandstone with trilobite
Oldest to youngest
Sandstone with trilobite → limestone with crinoid → shale with ammonite → conglomerate
According to the rule of superposition, rock strata (layers) that are the furthest from the ground's surface are the oldest (formed earliest) and those that are the nearest to it are the youngest (formed most recently).
What is a Rock ?A rock is a dense mass of mineral grains that have grown or been cemented together over time. There are big rocks and little rocks. Pebbles are little rocks. One or more minerals can be found in every rock.
According to how they were formed, rocks are categorised by geologists (those who study rocks and minerals).Among the physical characteristics of rocks are density, porosity, and permeability. Elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and rock strength are the primary characteristics of rocks in terms of mechanics.Learn more about Rocks here:
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The layers of rock can be arranged from oldest to youngest as follows:
1. Conglomerate: This is the oldest layer. Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock composed of rounded gravel and pebbles that have been cemented together. It forms when gravel and pebbles are transported by water and then deposited and compacted over time.
2. Shale with ammonite: Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compaction of mud and clay. The presence of an ammonite fossil indicates that this layer is younger than the conglomerate layer.
3. Limestone with crinoid: Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate. The presence of a crinoid fossil suggests that this layer is younger than the shale layer.
4. Sandstone with trilobite: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized particles that have been cemented together. The presence of a trilobite fossil indicates that this layer is the youngest.
To summarize, the layers from oldest to youngest are: conglomerate, shale with ammonite, limestone with crinoid, and sandstone with trilobite. Each layer represents a different period of time in Earth's history and contains distinct types of fossils that help geologists determine their relative ages.
