Conceptual models are abstract, psychological representations of how tasks should be carried out
If a dna sequence is altered from tagctga to tagtga, what kind of mutation has occurred?.
If a DNA sequence is altered from TAGCTGA to TAGTGA, then the kind of mutation that has occurred is deletion.
In the field of biology, such a mutation in which a single nucleotide or more than one nucleotide has been removed or eliminated from the DNA sequence is referred to as a deletion mutation. In the scenario above, as the nucleotide cytosine (C) is being eliminated, hence it is a deletion mutation.
A deletion mutation can also cause an entire chromosome to disappear.
A deletion mutation might occur due to many factors. Sometimes, an environmental or chemical hazard can cause a deletion mutation. Other times, it might happen that during DNA replication, an error might occur due to which one or more nucleotides are missed during the time of replication.
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when fenesha broke her ankle, the doctor gave her a drug that eased her pain by binding with endorphin receptors. the drug that she took is an endorphin: a. agonist b. antagonist c. reuptake inhibitor d. stimulant
The drug that she took with the doctor's advice was an endorphin stimulant.
When your body experiences stress or pain, endorphins are hormones that are released. They're created in the brain and serve as messengers throughout the body. Endorphins are created to help with pain relief, stress reduction, and mood enhancement. The drugs that we take when we feel pain is generally an endorphin stimulant, usually opioids, that help us relieve pain.
A group of peptides known as endorphins are produced by the pituitary gland and the central nervous system. The opiate receptors in your brain are activated by these neurotransmitters, which also have the potential to act as hormones.
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Explain the difference between a law and a theory.
Answer:
Explanation:
Law and theory are two terms that are often used in context of scientific terminology. The main difference between a law and a theory is that a theory tries to explain the reasoning behind something that occurs in nature, whereas scientific laws are just descriptive accounts of how something occurs in nature.
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the tissue layer between the muscularis mucosae and muscularis externa of the digestive tract is the .
The tissue layer between the muscularis mucosae and muscularis externa of the digestive tract is the myenteric plexus.
The innermost tunic of the wall is known as the mucosa, or mucous membrane layer. It lines the lumen of the digestive tract. The mucosa is made up of epithelium, a layer of lamina propria, a loose layer of connective tissue, and the muscularis mucosa, a thin layer of smooth muscle. In some places, the mucosa forms folds that increase its surface area. The mucosa's specific cells secrete hormones, digestive enzymes, and mucus. The mucosa is the route that other glands' ducts take to reach the lumen. The epithelium in the mouth and anus is stratified squamous tissue, which provides the necessary thickness for abrasion protection. For secretion and absorption, the stomach and intestines comprise a thin, simple columnar epithelial layer.
The submucosa, a thick layer of loose connective tissue, is present around the mucosa. This stratum also contains neurons, lymphatic vessels, and blood arteries. This layer might contain glands. An inner circular layer and an outside longitudinal layer make up the two layers of the smooth muscle that moves the digestive tract. The myenteric plexus divides the two muscular layers. Above the diaphragm, the adventitia—a connective tissue—makes up the outermost layer of the digestive tract. Serosa is the term for the area below the diaphragm.
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which of the following statements is true of enzymes? group of answer choices enzymes generally increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers. enzyme function is generally independent of physical and chemical environmental factors such as ph and temperature. required nonprotein cofactors generally alter the substrate specificity of enzymes. enzyme function is generally increased if the three-dimensional conformation of an enzyme is altered
The correct statement is " enzymes generally increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers".
The activation energy required to change a reactant together into the product is decreased by enzymes. A reaction that might not be catalyzed by an enzyme is shown on the left, and one that is shown on the right. An enzyme would attach to a reactant as well as speed up the conversion of that reactant together into the product inside an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
In human bodies, enzymes work as catalysts to quicken reactions by assisting in the reduction of the activation energy required to initiate a reaction. The active site is a unique location on each enzyme molecule where even the primary structure interacts with the enzyme.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (A)
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cells cannot use the energy of gluclose directly because a gluclose molecule contains too much energy true or false
Answer: false
Explanation: false, energy stored in glucose is transferred to ATP or adenosine triphosphate which is chemical energy a cell can use
where do somatic motor commands to skeletal muscles of the upper and lower appendages exit from the spinal cord?
The somatic motor commands to skeletal muscles of the upper and lower appendages exit from the spinal cord from ventral roots.
The motor root of a spinal nerve, which emerges from the anterior side of the cord and transmits motor information from the spinal cord to the rest of the body. The efferent motor root of a spinal nerve is known in anatomy and neurology as the ventral root of the spinal nerve, anterior root, or motor root. The ventral root and dorsal root combine at the spinal nerve's distal end to generate a mixed spinal nerve.
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abdominal organ that filters erythrocytes and activates lymphocytes: a.bone marrow b.spleen c.adenoids d.tonsils e.thymus
The abdominal organ that filters erythrocytes and activates lymphocytes is: (b) spleen.
Lymphocytes are the white blood cells that are the part of our immune system. The lymphocytes generally have a large nucleus and are agranular. There are three types of lymphocytes: B cells, T cell and NK cells. All these together constitute 20-40% of all the white blood cells.
Spleen is the secondary lymphoid organ. It is the size of a fist, present on the upper left side of the abdomen. The function of spleen is to regulate the blood cell levels and also it removes the old, damaged and dead blood cells.
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if you use distance analysis of morphological traits to build a phylogenetic tree that includes humans (a placental mammal), placental wolves, and marsupial wolves, which two groups would you conclude are most closely related? would the tree be correct?
Which two groups—marsupials and placental wolves—would you say are most closely connected to one another?
What is a phylogenetic example?A unique phylogeny example is the animal phylogenetic tree that shows the history of animal organs. In terms of the history of animal organs, it demonstrates animal phylogeny. Based on the unit level of organization in this sort of graphic, it is possible to determine the evolutionary pattern of the main animal lineages.
Why is phylogenetic analysis used?An in-depth understanding of how species change genetically is provided through phylogenetic analysis. With the aid of phylogenetics, researchers may assess the route an organism took to reach its ancestral origin and forecast potential genetic divergence.
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cancer occurs when multiple choice cells are unable to divide because of a mutation. faulty spindle fibers are unable to pull chromatids apart. apoptosis occurs. the regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs. the dna of a cell becomes mutated.
Uncontrolled cell growth is cancer. Gene mutations can increase the pace of cell division or suppress natural mechanisms that keep the body in check, like cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. A tumor can form as a collection of malignant cells enlarges.
Cancer cells disregard signals from the body to cease dividing. Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a natural process that your body uses to get rid of cells that are no longer needed.Changes (mutations) to the DNA within cells are what lead to cancer. A cell's DNA is organized into a huge number of distinct genes, each of which carries a set of instructions outlining the functions and growth of the cell.To know more cancer
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which two properties of glucokinase explain why it is an ideal glucose sensor capable of stimulating insulin release from the pancreas?
Glucokinase acts as a glucose sensor in beta cells by regulating the rate of glucose entrance into the glycolytic pathway (glucose phosphorylation) and subsequent metabolism.
Despite the fact that it is a monomeric enzyme, glucokinase has a considerably lower affinity for glucose and exhibits positive cooperativity for this substrate. Glucokinase is a critical enzyme in the liver's capacity to store glucose as glycogen, particularly in the postprandial stage.
The affinity for glucose of glucokinase is lower than that of the other hexokinases. In the physiologically significant range of 4-10 mmol/L (72-180 mg/dL), glucokinase alters shape and/or function in tandem with increasing glucose concentrations. At a glucose content of roughly 8 mmol/L (144 mg/dL), it is half-saturated. It is theorized that glucokinase (GCK) serves as a glucose sensor not only for the regulation of insulin release by pancreatic -cells, but also for the rest of the cells in mammals that contribute to glucose homeostasis.
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which possible cause of doms is also a cause of cellular damage in muscular dystrophy and alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy
DOMS and cellular damage in muscular dystrophy and alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy are caused by elevated calcium levels, which rush into injured tissue and slow repair.
DOMS, commonly referred to as "muscle fever," is delayed onset muscle soreness. After engaging in new and strenuous exercise, the muscles feel sore, achy, and unpleasant. The most frequent cause of DOMS, which is transient muscle injury and inflammation, seems to be eccentric activity. Muscular dystrophy is a muscle disorder in mutated genes in body doesn't allow the formation of protiens required for healthy muscle cells. Alcoholism causes your heart to change form, a condition known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using alcohol
thermometric liquid
Q)What are the disadvantages of using alcohol as a thermometric liquid?
a)There are following cons of using alcohol as a thermometric liquid: Alcohol is a colourless liquid and hence, it requires colouring. It sticks to the walls of the glass tube which results in low accuracy. It has a low boiling point and it evaporates at a higher temperature
Q)What are the advantages as the thermometric liquid?
a)Advantages of mercury as a thermometric liquid. -It is a good conductor of heat and therefore the whole liquid reaches the temperature of the surroundings quickly. -It does not wet (cling to the sides of) the tube. -It expands uniformly (linear expansion) and responds quickly to temperature changes, hence is sensitive.
before endosymbiosis could occur, what must have been present? a. an atmosphere with high levels of oxygen b. aggregated continental crust via plate tectonics c. oceans with salinities close to the modern level d. multiple species of prokaryotic organisms e. an ozone layer, to protect genetic material from the effects of ultraviolet radiation
Answer:
D. Multiple species of prokaryotic organisms.
Explanation:
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Because they lack well-defined and complex organ systems, we hypothesize that _____ diverged from all other animals early in the evolution of animals.
Because they lack well-defined and complex organ systems, we hypothesize that poriferans diverged from all other animals early in the evolution of animals.
The most primitive animal group, the Porifera, has an early branch on the animal phylogenetic tree, making it likely that it is Precambrian in origin. Sponge is a common name for poriferans. An early branching event in the development of animals separated the sponges and other metazoans from one another. This can be one reason why they lack a well-defined and complex organ system.
Because they lack mouths, poriferans suck water through tiny holes in their external walls. Spicules, the hard support structure of these creatures, were historically one of the primary distinguishing characteristics of sponges.
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What is regulated gene expression?
a
a process by which microarrays detect which cells are producing which proteins
b
a method for blotting DNA fragments onto a positively charged membrane
c
the cell's ability to turn on and off genes at particular times
d
the unique gene pattern created by a genetic cross
Answer:
C. The cell's ability to turn on and off genes at particular times.
Explanation:
Gene regulation is vital to cell differentiation and our bodies ability to respond to environmental stimuli. Cells have the ability to regulate the expression levels of genes by turning their expression on and off to produce proteins that are necessary.
during hdn, the newborn develops hyperbilirubinemia after birth, but not in utero because: a. excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother's circulation is no longer possible. b. the liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble to water-soluble form. c. the destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth. d. hemoglobin does not break down into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment.
During HDN, the newborn develops hyperbilirubinemia after birth, but not in utero because of the reason: (a) excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother's circulation is not possible.
Hyperbilirubinemia is the condition of excessive bilirubin present in the neonate's blood. Bilirubin is formed inside the body when the RBCs break down. The common causes resulting in the condition are: fetal-maternal blood group incompatibility, prematurity, or a previously affected sibling.
Placenta is a tissue formed in the mother's uterus after fertilization. It is the source of providing food and nutrients to the fetus. It is also involved in the removal of wastes.
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What organisms are
essential for cycling
nitrogen through the
biosphere?
Answer:
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cyanobacteria
Explanation:
Nitrogen fixing bacteria are miniature of urea factories, turning N2 gas from the atmosphere into plant available amines and ammonium via a specific and unique enzyme they possess called nitrogenase.
a population has an allele that encodes for ear size, large ear being dominant and small ear being recessive. the frequency of the dominant allele is .6. what percentage of the population has big ears?
The population's prevalence of the dominant allele Simply put, 1 - 0.02 = 0.98 (or 98%) represents the population's frequency of the dominant (normal) allele.
How is the homozygous dominant proportion determined?Determine the proportion of people who are homozygous for the dominant allele. We are aware that the recessive homozygote genotype frequency is q2 and equals 0.09. Accordingly, p = 1 - q p = 1 - 0.30 = 0.70 In terms of homozygote dominants, p2 = (0.70)2 = 0.49 or 49% is used.
How is the Hardy-Weinberg equation solved?The Hardy-Weinberg equation is written as p 2 + 2 p q + q 2 = 1, or p2 + 2 p q + q2 = 1. and is employed to establish the prevalence of genotypes in a certain group. To calculate the frequency of a particular event, Start by replacing the relevant terms with the known values you have been given for genotype.
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forensics
1. Describe how insects can be useful for identification of drugs in forensics
2. If three different sized larvae are found on a body, which should you use to determine post mortem interval and why?
3. List two factors that can affect insect colonization rates
1. Insects can be useful for identification of drugs in forensics because of entomologist
2.Different sized larvae are found on a body then the postmortem interval is directly related with the length of larva so big or whose length is more or whose size is more are use to determine post mortem interval
3. The factors that can affect insect colonization rates are temprature and humidity
Entomologist can help forensic pathologist in determining TOD by looking at the insect that are feeding on the around of the body and calliphoridea means blow flies and sarcophagidea means flesh flies are belong to order diptera and this are the most wide spread and accurate insect for determining TOD and factor that affect insect colonization rates are temprature and humidity and rainfall as well as weather the cadaver is exposed or concealed may influence the rate of insect invasion and hen the postmortem interval is directly related with the length of larva so big or whose length is more or whose size is more are use to determine post mortem interval because the post mortem interval can be determined from the larvae of blow flies using the growth parameter and larval length as biological clock
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Which hormone may be low in exercising women due to low energy intake, which can result in decreased bone formation?.
Estrogen hormone may be low in exercising women due to low energy intake, which can result in decreased bone formation.
For women, the hormone estrogen is very important and has a vital role. This one hormone is always present at every level of a woman's life, from menstruation and puberty, pregnancy, to menopause.
What is the Estrogen Hormone
Before understanding what estrogen is, you first need to know about the hormone itself. In this case, the hormone is actually a chemical substance produced by the body. The role of hormones in this case is to control and also regulate the activity of certain cells and organs. In addition, hormones also have important functions in relation to the body's metabolism, body development, reproductive system, to mood.
As for estrogen itself, basically refers to a group of hormones that play an important role in the growth and development of female sexual characteristics as well as in the reproductive process. Even so, please note that the hormone estrogen can also be found in the male body, but in very small levels.
If the male hormone estrogen is produced by the testes, in women this hormone is produced by the ovaries. During pregnancy, women can get this hormone from the placenta. The amount produced is not always the same, sometimes it increases, but it can also decrease. This adjusts to the function of the hormone itself which plays an important role in the female reproductive system.
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At the end of DNA replication, there should be a total of....
A. 8 SINGLE strands of DNA
B. 2 DOUBLE stranded DNA helixes
C. 10 SINGLE strands of DNA
D. 5 DOUBLE stranded DNA helixes
Answer:
my guess if I remember correctly I think the answer is b
At the end of DNA replication, there should be a total of B. 2 DOUBLE stranded DNA helices. During DNA replication, the DNA double helix unwinds, and each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
DNA replication is a fundamental process in which a cell produces two identical copies of its DNA molecule. It occurs during the cell cycle's synthesis (S) phase, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. The replication process begins with the unwinding of the DNA double helix. An enzyme called helicase unwinds and separates the two strands of the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.
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two pure breeding lines of pea, one tall and hairy, the other short and smooth, are crossed. the f1 hybrid is tall and hairy. the f2s assort in four phenotypic classes in a 9:3:3:1 ratio. crossing a tall, smooth f2 plant to a short, smooth f2 plant will produce how many phenotypic classes?
The genotypes A B_, A bb, aaB_, and aabb are matched to the four phenotypic groups.
How do phenotypic classifications work?The genotypes A B_, A bb, aaB_, and aabb are matched to the four phenotypic groups. If any of the single homozygous recessive genotypes (i.e., A bb or aaB_) exhibits the same phenotype as the double homozygous recessive (aabb), then a 9:3:4 phenotypic ratio will result.
What does phenotypic classification entail?phenotype, all of an organism's observable traits that emerge from the interaction of its genotype (total genetic inheritance) and environment. Observable features include things like behavior, biological characteristics, colour, shape, and size.
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which antifungal drug acts by inhibiting biosynthesis of essential components of the fungal cell wall, which interferes with growth and reproduction
Conazoles is the class of drugs that acts by inhibiting biosynthesis of essential components of the fungal cell wall, which interferes with growth and reproduction.
Drugs are the chemical components that are used to cause some physiological or psychological changes in the body of an organism. If used in required amounts, the drugs act as medications. However, the excessive use of drugs can cause addiction that causes severe after-effects later or even death.
Fungal cell wall is composed of chitin, glucans and glycoproteins. It is present outside the cell membrane and has a hard outer appearance. Since it is not present in humans, it acts as the best target for anti-fungal products.
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how many tubes of nutrient broth will be inoculated with clostridium sporogenes for the commensalism experiment?
For the commensalism experiment, two tubes of nutritive broth will be injected with Clostridium sporogenes.
Commensalism is a long-term biological relationship (symbiosis) in which individuals of one species profit, while those of the other species suffer neither advantages nor disadvantages. This contrasts with parasitism, where one is harmed and the other benefits, amensalism, where one is harmed while the other is unaffected, mutualism, where both organisms gain from each other, and parasitoidism, which is similar to parasitism except that the parasitoid has a free-living state and eventually kills its host.
The commensal species, which gains from the connection, may ingest nutrients from the host species, which is largely unaffected, or get refuge from it, sustain it, or use it for mobility. A bigger host and a smaller commensal are frequently in a commensal relationship; the host organism is unaltered, whilst the commensal species may exhibit significant structural adaptations commensurate with its habits, as in the case of remoras that travel attached to sharks and other fishes. Pilot fish eat the leftovers from their hosts' meals, whilst remoras consume their hosts' feces. Many birds perch atop the bodies of large herbivorous mammals or feed on the insects that grazing mammals kick up.
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What is the effect of a nucleotide-pair substitution that results in a nonsense mutation in a gene?.
A nonsense mutation will cause the mRNA to end prematurely by adding a stop codon.
A base substitution known as a nonsense mutation results in the codon changing from an in-frame codon to a stop codon. Such a mutation causes translation to end prematurely, which can negatively impact how proteins are made. A DNA change called a nonsense mutation, also known as a stop mutation, results in a protein's premature termination of translation. In both humans and other animals, this type of mutation frequently results in the expression of a truncated or dysfunctional protein.
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you are examining the rapidly dividing cells of a fish embryo and notice a cell that seems to contain two nuclei with complete nuclear envelopes and decondensing chromosomes. the middle of the cell is pinched inward. this cell must be in
This cell is in Telophase stage .
Telophase is a end stage of mitosis where two new nuclear envelopes form in each daughter cell.
Mitosis is a fundamental process for life. In mitosis cell duplicates all of its contents, also the chromosomes . Telophase is the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase . Process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. Telophase is the final stage of meiosis and mitosis, in which the detached chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei .
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Muscular strength is the ability of the ________ to exert force during an activity.
Muscular strength is the ability of the muscles to exert force during an activity.
We can describe muscular strength as the strength of the muscles in a person that allows him to lift heavy objects.
The muscular strength of a person can be built if a person engages in exercises that help in building his muscles. Also, muscle strength can be increased by lifting heavy objects constantly.
However, special care needs to be taken when building muscle strength as it can cause muscle damage.
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SOMEONE HELP PLEASEEEE
Scientific Question: Which forest type stores the most carbon per year?
Claim: Which forest stores the most carbon per year?
Evidence: Compare the amount (numbers) of carbon stored by at least 3 different forests. Answer in complete sentences.
Reasoning: Use information from the reading and table to support your claim. Provide a connection between carbon being stored and photosynthesis.
The tropical rainforest stores the most carbon per year.
The tropical rainforest is known for its high productivity and ability to store large amounts of carbon due to its high levels of rainfall, temperature, and sunlight. Photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds using energy from the sun, plays a critical role in carbon storage.
The high levels of sunlight and temperature in the tropics allow for year-round photosynthesis, resulting in a greater amount of carbon being stored. The vast biodiversity of tropical rainforests allows for a variety of plant species to grow, each with its own unique abilities to store carbon. Comparatively, boreal and temperate forests store less carbon due to their shorter growing seasons and lower productivity.
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The complete question is:
Which forest type stores the most carbon per year? Claim: Which forest stores the most carbon per year? Evidence: Compare the amount (numbers) of carbon stored by at least 3 different forests. Answer in complete sentences. Reasoning: Use information from the reading and table to support your claim. Provide a connection between carbon being stored and photosynthesis.
what are the different types of information? group of answer choices levels, forms, granularities levels, forms, data levels, formats, granularities data, formats, granularities
The different type of information are Levels, formats , granularities.
The levels app assigns a metabolic rating to each meals to can help you realize the way it affects your blood sugar. The app will even assign a rating for every day which helps you to appearance returned to see trends. You could see that I generally tend to eat worse starting Friday thru Sundays.
When you first sign up for degrees, the full value might be $398 USD.
There are numerous varieties of degrees inclusive of dumpy degree, Y degree, cushing's degree, tilting level, cooke's reversible degree and automated degree gadgets for leveling in surveying. The technique of measuring vertical distances in surveying is known as leveling.
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