All organisms have the same genetic code, restriction enzymes can cut DNA from all species, and two double helices can be ligated from different sources.
What parts of DNA make it up?DNA's building units are chemical compounds called nucleotides. These building blocks consist of three elements: one of four possible nitrogen bases, phosphate groups, and sugar groups. The phosphate and sugar groups are alternated when nucleotides are linked together to form chains, which is how DNA strands are built.
How does DNA serve a purpose?Information is stored in DNA. It contains data necessary to produce proteins, which are other big molecules. The 46 lengthy structures known as chromosomes that make up each of your cells house these instructions. Many thousands of smaller DNA pieces, known as genes, make up these chromosomes.
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suppose two individuals with the genotype aabbcc are mated. assuming that the genes are not linked, what fraction of the offspring are expected to be homozygous recessive for the three traits?
100% of the progenies will be homozygous recessive for all the three traits, when two individuals with the genotype aabbcc are mated with no linkage in the genes.
Homozygous recessive is the condition of genotype where homozygous is the state where both the alleles in the genotype are of same type. Recessive is the condition where the alleles are not able to express their effect individually. They display their characters only when occur in a pair. If a cross is made between two homozygous recessive individuals, then all their progenies also show the same character.
Linkage is the property of closeness of genes. This unit of distance between the genes is centimorgan. If two genes have a distance of less than 50 centimorgan, they are said to be linked. A distance of 50 centimorgan or above states that the genes are not linked.
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Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly.
Henry went on a field trip to a national park. He not only observed the aquatic life in the
land. Which type of diversity did Henry come across in the national park?
pond, but also the trees, vegetation, and animal's species on
Henry came across the
diversity.
a type of descent group that is based on a claim to a founding ancestor but lacks genealogical documentation is a:
Lineage is a type of descent group that is based on a claim to a founding ancestor but lacks genealogical documentation.
Lineage analysis, which was designed to investigate early embryos, is by far the most powerful and comprehensive approach to finding stem cells and decoding other aspects of tissue activity. The cell constitutes the most fundamental structural unit of life.
Schleiden postulated that new cells form within old cells, particularly the nucleus. Rudolf Virchow created the "Theory of Cell Lineage," which claims that all cells emerge from pre-existing cells. A cell is recognized in a lineage-tracing research by the expression of a gene product.
When that cell splits, the reporter's expression is passed on to every descendants, and the migration of these tagged cells may be easily observed. Beta galactosidase or a fluorescence protein are examples of typical reporter genes.
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During _____of the cell cycle, the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.
Answer:
interphase
Explanation:
In the cell cycle the longest stage is interphase. This is when the cell grows and copies its DNA before moving into mitosis.
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A scientist observes plant roots growing through the mountain side. This is evidence for which type of natural process?
•Physical weathering
• Chemical Weathering
• Erosion
what are environmental resistance and carrying capacity? how do biotic potential and environmental resistance interact to determine carrying capacity?
Environmental Resistance: Each and Every environmental constraint that restricts the population's ability to grow.
Carrying capacity: The largest number of people who could comfortably rely on their available resources without depleting them to the point where future generations wouldn't have enough to survive.
They both have a say in population size because when a population grows above its biotic capacity, resource depletion threatens the survival of subsequent generations, which in turn endangers the population or species. Because of all the environmental constraints in their area of residence, environmental resistance essentially defines the biotic potential of a population.
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Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs I. to make more cells so organisms can grow. II. so organisms can replace old or damaged cells. III. when organisms make sex cells for reproduction. IV. only during fetal stages of development.
Answer: I and II
Explanation:
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why do some plant species that are independent at low altitudes become interdependent at high altitudes
Although these advantages are not as important at low altitudes, the plants' benefits to one another enable them survive at high altitudes.
The extreme conditions of their environment, which include low temperatures, aridity, UV radiation, and a brief growing season, force high-altitude plants to adapt. High altitudes are inhospitable to tree growth due to the chilly temperatures and scarcity of precipitation. Low air density and atmospheric pressure at high altitude result in lower carbon dioxide levels and a slower transpiration rate, which are both necessary for plants to develop. The rate of photosynthesis and growth is slowed down by low carbon dioxide levels and slow transpiration in high altitude environment.
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explain the functions of follicular dendritic cells (fdcs) in b cell activation and proliferation in lymphoid follicles, as well as their role in affinity maturation.
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are a specialized type of antigen-presenting dendritic cells that are largely restricted to lymphoid follicles. They capture immune complexes either directly from the lymph or from macrophages and move to the lymphoid tissue, where they transfer complement opsonized antigen to the FDCs.
Follicular dendritic cells in turn attract B cells and activate them. They form dense three-dimensional meshwork patterns within benign follicles, which maintain the follicular architecture.
Follicular dendritic cells take part in B-cell activation and play an important role during affinity maturation by displaying native antigens and by presenting survival signals to B cells and that they are involved in memory B-cell development.
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a scientist is searching for chemical compounds involved in embryonic limb development. he discovers a new compound that is transiently expressed in the limbs and only seems to affect cells in its immediate vicinity (up to a few cell lengths away). how should the scientist classify this chemical compound?
The scientist can classify this chemical compound involved in embryonic limb development as a paracrine factor.
Scientists have identified this chemical as a paracrine agent that affects the growth of embryonic limb.
Soluble proteins are paracrine elements or growth and differentiation factors when they may disperse across short ranges and affect the nearby cell, a concept called as paracrine interaction.
This is due to the fact that recently discovered compounds seem to activate them rapidly and only have an impact on neighboring cells in the ends.
What is paracrine signaling?
Cell signaling is a sort of cellular communication where a cell amplifies the signal to cause changes in neighboring cells, changing the function of those cells. Paracrine signaling is one type of cell signaling.
Responses to allergens, tissue regeneration, the development of scar tissue, and blood coagulation are a few examples of paracrine signaling.
Therefore, the scientist can classify this chemical compound involved in embryonic limb development as a paracrine factor.
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what is an example of a mutualistic relationship in which one species provides defenses against herbivory for the other?
Ant and acacia tree is an example of a mutualistic relationship in which one species provides defenses against herbivory for the other .
Acacia trees produce shelter by developing specialized structures also feed the ant colony, and the ants, in turn, defend the tree against herbivores.
Mutualism is the formation of a relationship that will mutually benefit two parties that are distinct and are in the relationship. In this kind of relationship Both the partners will be equally benefited from the each other . this is one of the most positive association between two different individual that stay and protect each other .
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19. Leah cuts a small stem from an azalea plant in her garden and gives it to John. John takes the cutting home and plants it in his garden. In a few months, the small stem has grown into a full-sized plant. Which of these choices correctly describes this situation? A) John's plant reproduced by budding, and is genetically different than the plant in Leah's garden. B) John's plant reproduced by vegetative reproduction, and is genetically identical to the plant in Leah's garden. C) John's plant reproduced by binary fission, and is genetically different than the plant in Leah's garden. D) John's plant reproduced by spore formation, and is genetically identical to plant in Leah's garden
John's plant reproduced by vegetative reproduction, and is genetically identical to the plant in Leah's garden.
Vegetative reproduction is any type of asexual reproduction that takes place in plants and involves the growth of a new plant from a piece of the parent plant or a specially designed reproductive structure (such as a stolon, rhizome, tuber, corm, or bulb). The two kinds of vegetative reproduction are as follows: Reproduction by stem, leaf, and root are all natural vegetative methods. Cutting, layering, grafting, and micro-propagation are all types of artificial vegetative propagation. When a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm and divides into two after fertilization, the outcome is identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins. Twins that are identical have the same genomes and are always the same sex.
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On the ventral surface of the brain, you can observe the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies. These externally visible structures form the floor of the __________.
On the ventral surface of the brain, the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies can be seen. These externally visible structure form the floor of the diencephalon.
Diencephalon is one part that lies behind the forebrain, which involves the thalamus, hypothalamus, and also the epithalamus.
The diencephalon one of the prominent parts of our brain. Its location is hidden and its size is bit small, the exact location of this diencephalon is between the hemispheres of the brain and on top of the brainstem.
Though it have small size still the diencephalon plays a prominent role in brain health and body action as the diencephalon is the part of the brain that give signals and coordinate with our body parts.
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large, even distances typically separate individual panda bears from each other. what type of population distribution do pandas exhibit?
Pandas have a particular sort of population distribution known as a uniform distribution, which indicates equal probability for a continuous distribution throughout a certain range.
What does it mean to distribute resources evenly?When referring to a sort or probability distribution in statistics, a uniform distribution is one in which all possible outcomes have an equal likelihood. The probability of getting a heart, club, diamond, or spade is equally likely, hence a deck of cards has uniform distributions within it.
How can one explain the term "uniform distribution"?Since all outcomes have the same probability, the uniform distribution receives its name from this property. A uniform distribution has no mode, unlike with a normal distribution with a center hump or a chi-square distribution. Instead, there is a 50/50 chance that each option will happen.
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Write a short essay
explaining at least 2
problems and 2 benefits
that may result from genetic
engineering. Include
examples of each. Must be
at least 2 paragraphs (8-10
sentences)
Genetic engineering is the process in which uses laboratory based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism
Genetic engineering are the artificial manipulation and modification and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecule in order to modify an organism or population of organism and for examples genetic engineering may involve adding a gene from one species to an organism from different species to produce a desired trait and it is used in research and industry
Genetic engineering has been applied to the production of cancer therapies and brewing yeast and genetically modified plants and livestock's
For example
Corn has been modified by food engineer to be resistant to specific bugs
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describe the scale of the infertility problem in ontario
It has been shown that the scale of infertility in Ontario has significantly increased since 16 percent of couples may experience this problem when this value was only 8 percent in less than four decades.
What do infertility problems mean?The expression infertility problem makes a reference to all types of health problems associated with the fertilization process such as for example, the presence of toxicants in the water that may alter sperm count number under the microscope.
It has been shown that infertility problems have increased considerably in several cities in Canada, where the rate double in the last forty (40) years.
Causes of infertility include:
Tobacco consumptionAlcohol Ovulation disorders in womenOverweight and or underweightOverexerciseTherefore, with this data, we can see that infertility problems have dramatically increased in some cities of Canada including Ontario, thereby an integral view of the problem is required to solve this issue.
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green plants use light from the sun to drive photosynthesis. photosynthesis is a chemical reaction in which water and carbon dioxide chemically react to form the simple sugar glucose and oxygen gas .what mass of simple sugar glucose is produced by the reaction of of carbon dioxide?be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
13.27g mass of simple sugar glucose is produced by the reaction of 7.96 g of water.
since the chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO₂+6H₂O→C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂
from the equation, there are 6 moles of carbon dioxide which reacts with 6 moles of water to form 6 moles of oxygen and 1 mole of glucose sugar. Since we know the molar mass of water is 18.01 g/mol.For 7.96g of moles of water will be :
nH₂O = 7.96/18.01g⋅mol−1
=0.442mol
From the reaction we get to there is the production of 1 mole of glucose from 6 moles of water, by the reaction of 0.442 moles of water, the number of moles of sugar formed is :
nC₆H₁₂O₆= (1molC₆H₁₂O/6molH₂O )X0.442molH₂O
= 0.074mol
Since the molar mass of glucose is 180.16 g/mol, so the mass of the simple sugar is
mC₆H₁₂O₆ = nC₆H₁₂O₆×MM
=0.074mol×180.16g⋅mol−1
=13.27g
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green plants use light from the sun to drive photosynthesis. photosynthesis is a chemical reaction in which water and carbon dioxide chemically react to form the simple sugar glucose and oxygen gas .what mass of simple sugar glucose is produced by the reaction of carbon dioxide of 7.96 g of water
use your lesson notes to explain the results for the taste sensations in each of the regions of your tongue?
Microvilli, tiny hairs on the surface of taste buds, are incredibly sensitive. The brain receives information from those small hairs about how something tastes, telling you if it is sweet, sour, bitter, or salty.
Who defines taste buds?On the tongue, taste buds are comparatively tiny sensory organs that communicate with the brain about flavor.
These organs have nerve endings that metabolize the food you eat chemically.
Due to their extensive taste buds, people are able to distinguish between flavors that fall into the following five categories: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and savory.
According to the tongue map, the flavor of the tongue is sweet at first, salty and sour in the middle, and bitter in the end. In the field of taste research, it may be the most well-known symbol.
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a reduction in the amount of nadp available in plant cells in the light will ultimately result in which of the following effects? group of answer choices a decrease in the rate of cyclic electron flow a decrease in the rate of linear electron flow an increase in the rate of the calvin cycle an increase in the rate of oxygen production
Option a is correct that is reduction in the amount of NADP available in plant cells in the light will ultimately result in decrease in rate of cyclic electron flow.
In cyclic electron flow (CEF), photosystem I is the area where electrons are recycled. A transthylakoid proton gradient (pH) is produced as a result, which causes the generation of ATP without a corresponding increase in NADPH within the chloroplast.
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when the outer layers of skin are pulled off a blister, exposure of the underlying tissue causes a great deal of pain. what type of sensory receptor is responsible for sensation of this pain?
Nociceptors are sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue or the threat of damage and indirectly also respond to chemicals released from the damaged tissue. Nociceptors are free (bare) nerve endings found in the skin, muscle, joints, bone and viscera.
Also called pain receptors, nociceptors are a set of sensory neurons with specialised nerve endings extensively distributed in the skin, deep tissues and most of the visceral organs of our body.
Nociceptors are equipped with specific molecular sensors, which detect extreme heat or cold and certain dangerous chemicals. Physiological pain responses normally protect us from tissue damage by rapidly alerting us to impending injury.
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xamination of the photoreceptor rhodpsin gene family provides evidence for gene evolution by group of answer choices duplication and divergence. accumulation of random mutations. convergent evolution. spontaneous generation.
Examination of the photoreceptor rhodopsin gene family provides evidence for gene evolution by: duplication and divergence.
Rhodopsin is a protein which belongs to the GPCR family of receptors. It is the most abundant type of protein found in the rod cells. It is the receptor for vision in dim light. It is a light-sensitive protein. Rhodopsin is also called visual purple.
Divergence is the phenomenon where two organisms having the same ancestry become distant and different due to the course of evolution. They are homologous to each other as they may have similar anatomy but due to evolution, they perform different functions.
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100 POINTS FOR THIS QUESTION PLS HELP
Which of these is one role of plants in the carbon cycle?
A. Plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
B. Plants use carbon dioxide to make nitrates
C. Plants take in carbon dioxide released by other animals
D. Plants take in carbon dioxide and pass it on directly to animals
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The photosynthesis set up means plants take in carbon dioxide released by other animals
sexual reproduction enhances the rate of evolution, allowing nature to select for novel combinations of alleles. two genes are present on the same chromosome. one homolog carries the dominant a and b alleles, while the other homolog carries the a and b alleles. which specific process of the meiotic cell cycle will result in a recombinant chromosome (for example, a with b)? group of answer choices the pre-meiotic s phase segregation of homologs, during meiosis ii crossing over, during meiosis ii crossing over, during meiosis i segregation of homologs, during meiosis i
Crossing over during meiosis I will result in a recombinant chromosome.
Crossing over, or the joining of two homologous non-sister chromatids, occurs between prophase I and metaphase I and involves the exchange of different genetic components to create two recombinant chromosome sister chromatids. Therefore, third one is the correct choice.
Nearly all eukaryotic creatures, which developed from prokaryotes to become eukaryotes, have sexual reproduction. The last eukaryotic common ancestors developed sexual behaviour during the course of this evolutionary trajectory, re-assorting and recombining chromosomes through meiosis and controlled fusions of haploid gametes.
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What is the primary advantage of using phase comparison in an interference microscope?.
Using the structures of interference microscope, we got that phase comparison can be used to view specimen that is unstained.
Although all optical microscopes in strict sense create images by diffraction, interference microscopy creates images using difference between an interfering beam unmodified by specimen and an otherwise identical beam that illuminates it. A beam splitter divide light into two paths, one of which passes through specimen while the other bypasses it. When the two beams are combined, resulting interference between them reveals the structure of specimen. The first successful system, was actually invented by British microscopist Francis Smith and French physicist Maurice Françon in year 1947, used quartz lenses to produce reference and images-forming beams that were perpendicularly polarized.
The other advantages of using phase comparison in an interference microscope are:
Can be used to study marine organisms due to its dark space.Can be used to study live bacterium.Hence, the reason of using phase comparison in an interference microscope is that with the help of this we can view specimen that is unstained.
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what would be the limiting factor for atp production by glycolysis in a strenuously exercising muscle that lacks lactate dehydrogenase?the supply of pyruvatethe supply of adpincreased acidity from lactic acid, causing muscle damagethe supply of nad the supply of co2
In a muscle without lactate dehydrogenase, the availability of NAD+ is what limits the amount of ATP that can be produced through glycolysis.
The molecule that transports energy in an organism's cells is known as adenosine triphosphate.
When lactate dehydrogenase—which is required for converting lactate to energy—is absent from a muscle, the compound NAD+ breaks down energy molecules to create ATP, which is crucial for muscle function.
The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water. There is no need for oxygen during the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic organisms experience it.
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what are micelles? what are micelles? emulsifiers used to break fat globules into small droplets during digestion clusters of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and other lipids surrounded by bile salts that transport lipids across the cell membrane of the villi a type of lipoprotein needed to absorb lipids lipid-digesting enzymes located in the small intestine
Micelles are clusters of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and other lipids surrounded by bile salts that transport lipids across the cell membrane of the villi.
Micelles are carriers made of bile and phospholipids that could entice monoglycerides and fatty acids and shipping digested fat from meals to the enterocytes. When fats enters the small intestine, the gallbladder releases an emulsifier referred to as bile to interrupt up the big fats globules into smaller fats droplets.
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A grower who wishes to enhance plant growth by adjusting the carbon dioxide levels in the greenhouse will use a(n) _________as analyzer to evaluate CO2 levels.
A grower who wishes to enhance plant growth by adjusting the carbon dioxide levels in the greenhouse will use a NDIR as analyzer to evaluate carbon dioxide levels.
What is NDIR?Carbon dioxide can be measured using infrared detectors, also known as NDIR analyzers, because it is an excellent absorber of infrared energy. Depending on the application, carbon dioxide can be measured in percent (%) or parts per million (ppm).
A sensor is used to measure carbon dioxide. The NDIR non-dispersive infrared sensor is one of the most common.
Its popularity stems from its long life-span, high speed, and low cross-sensitivity to other gases. An NDIR CO2 sensor detects infrared light in an air sample.
Thus, NDIR can be used.
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During cell division in both bacterial cells and eukaryotic cells, genetic information is and segregated and the contents of the cell are divided between the daughter cells.
During the process of cell division in bacterial as well as eukaryotic cells, the genetic information is replicated and separated as well as the contents of cell are divided among the daughter cells.
Cell division in bacteria as well as eukaryotic cells results in the formation of two daughter cells that are genetically similar. In case of a bacterial cell, the replication of genetic information (DNA) is initiated at a particular site that is known as the origin of replication. The DNA replication in a bacterial cell advances in both the directions around the circular DNA until it reaches a particular termination site.
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you are studying a bacteria plasmid that contains 5 operons and 15 genes. how many transcriptional promoters are on this plasmid and how many start codons?
Numerous catabolic operons have their transcription controlled by glucose. The three enzymes needed for conversion are encoded by the operon's five structural genes.
How many genes are there in an operon?Operons have a transcription promoter at the beginning, two to twelve genes on average, and a transcription terminator at the conclusion (Zheng et al. 2002; Lawrence 2003).
Yes, there is just one promoter for operons.An operon is a group of genes that all use the same transcriptional promoter. Every operon contains regulatory DNA sequences that act as binding sites for regulatory proteins that either promote or inhibit transcription.
The promoter is a 3 or a 5?An area of DNA known as a promoter is where RNA polymerase starts to transcribe a gene. Promoter sequences are often found directly in the genome.
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neurological damage to which area would impair a monkey's ability to complete the wisconsin card sorting task?
neurological damage to Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex would impair a monkey's ability to complete the wisconsin card sorting task.
what is neurological damage?The University of California, San Francisco estimates that there are more than 600 different neurological conditions. Diseases known as neurological disorders impact the brain, as well as the central and autonomic nervous systems. The many forms of neurological disorders must first be distinguished in order to identify the signs and symptoms of neurological issues.
You might be curious in what causes a neurological disorder if you think that you or a loved one may be dealing with one of these problems. Such dysfunction might have a wide range of root causes. Numerous membranes that might be sensitive to stress and pressure shield the spinal cord and brain. Deep beneath the epidermis, the peripheral nerves are equally susceptible to harm. A single neuron or an entire neurological pathway may be impacted by neurological illnesses. Dysfunction can result from even a minor alteration in the structural route of a neuron. Thus, a variety of factors can lead to neurological illnesses, such as: factors associated
lifestyle ,Infections, Genetics ,causes associated to diet
, environment-related factors ,physically hurt.
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