What happens when a substance undergoes a physical change

Answer:

Gravity.

Explanation:

Gravity causes the child on a sled to slide down the hill.

Hope this helps!

(a) the magnitude of the displacement is approximately 3.85 km, and the direction is approximately 59.04° south of east.

(b) Magnitude of average velocity ≈ 3.85 km and Direction of average velocity ≈ -59.04° (south of east)

(c) the average speed during the given time interval is approximately 1.66 km/h.

(a) To find the magnitude and direction of the person's displacement, we can use the Pythagorean theorem and trigonometry.

Displacement in the x-direction = 2.00 km east

Displacement in the y-direction = -3.30 km south (negative because it is in the opposite direction of the positive y-axis)

Using the Pythagorean theorem:

Magnitude of displacement = √((2.00 km)^2 + (-3.30 km)^2)

Magnitude of displacement ≈ 3.85 km

To find the direction, we can use trigonometry:

θ = tan^(-1)(opposite/adjacent)

θ = tan^(-1)(-3.30 km / 2.00 km)

θ ≈ -59.04° (measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis)

Therefore, the magnitude of the displacement is approximately 3.85 km, and the direction is approximately 59.04° south of east.

(b) Average velocity is defined as displacement divided by time. The magnitude and direction of average velocity will be the same as the magnitude and direction of displacement.

Magnitude of average velocity ≈ 3.85 km

Direction of average velocity ≈ -59.04° (south of east)

(c) Average speed is defined as total distance traveled divided by time. The total distance traveled is the sum of the magnitudes of the individual displacements.

Total distance = 3.30 km + 2.00 km = 5.30 km

Average speed = Total distance / Time

Average speed ≈ 5.30 km / 3.20 hours

Average speed ≈ 1.66 km/h

Therefore, the average speed during the given time interval is approximately 1.66 km/h.

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For a bomber flying horizontally over level terrain:

(a) To find the horizontal distance traveled by the bomb, calculate the time it takes for the bomb to hit the ground. Since the initial vertical velocity of the bomb is 0 m/s and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s², use the equation:

Δy = v₀yt + (1/2)at²

where Δy = change in vertical position (altitude), v₀y = initial vertical velocity, t = time, and a = acceleration due to gravity.

Plugging in the values:

Δy = -2.50 km = -2500 m (negative because it's downward)

v₀y = 0 m/s

a = -9.8 m/s²

Rearrange the equation to solve for t:

t = √(2Δy/a)

t = √(2(-2500 m)/(-9.8 m/s²))

t ≈ 16.07 s

Since the horizontal velocity of the bomb is 290 m/s, calculate the horizontal distance traveled:

Δx = v₀xt = (290 m/s)(16.07 s)

Δx ≈ 4657.3 m = 4.6573 km

Therefore, the bomb travels approximately 4.6573 km horizontally between its release and its impact on the ground.

(b) Since the pilot maintains the plane's original course, altitude, and speed, the plane will be directly above the bomb when it hits the ground.

Answer: directly above the bomb

(c) Since the bomb hits the target seen in the sight at the moment of release, the bombsight must be set at an angle equal to the angle of depression from the horizontal.

Using trigonometry, find this angle:

tan θ = Δy / Δx

θ = tan⁻¹(Δy / Δx)

θ = tan⁻¹(-2500 m / 4657.3 m)

θ ≈ -29.11°

Since the angle is measured forward from the vertical, the bombsight is set at approximately 29.11° forward from the vertical.

Therefore, the bombsight is set at an angle of approximately 29.11° forward from the vertical.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

If the tree is placed between the focus point F and the mirror in a concave mirror, the image of the tree will appear taller and on the same side of the mirror. Therefore, the correct answer is C. The image appears taller and on the same side of the mirror.

(a) The amplitude of the wave is 0.2 m.

(b) The period of the wave is  4 s.

(c) The wavelength of the wave is 100 m.

(a) The amplitude of the wave is the maximum displacement of the wave.

amplitude of the wave = 0.2 m

(b) The period of the wave is the time taken for the wave to make one complete cycle.

period of the wave = 5.5 s - 1.5 s = 4 s

(c) The wavelength of the wave is calculated as follows;

λ = v / f

where;

f = 1/t = 1 / 4s = 0.25 Hz

λ = ( 25 m/s ) / 0.25 Hz

λ = 100 m

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Answer:

[tex]\displaystyle \frac{M + m}{m}\, \sqrt{2\, x\, u\,g}[/tex].

Explanation:

This question can be solved in the following steps:

Assume that the table is level. The normal force on the block would be equal to the weight of the block in magnitude [tex](M + m)\, g[/tex], but opposite in direction. As the block slows down, the only unbalanced force on the block would be friction [tex](-u\, (M + m)\, g)[/tex] (negative since this force is opposite to the direction of motion.)

The acceleration of the block would be:

[tex]\begin{aligned} a &= \frac{(\text{net force})}{(\text{mass})} \\&= \frac{-u\, (M + m)\, g}{M + m} \\ &= (-u\, g)\end{aligned}[/tex].

Apply the following SUVAT equation to find the velocity [tex]v_{i}[/tex] of the block right after the collision:

[tex]\displaystyle {v_{2}}^{2} - {v_{1}}^{2} = 2\, a\, x[/tex],

Where:

Rearrange and solve for [tex]v_{1}[/tex], the velocity right after collision:

[tex]\begin{aligned}v_{1} &= \sqrt{{v_{2}}^{2} - 2\, a\, x} \\ &= \sqrt{0^{2} - 2\, (-u\, g)\, x} \\ &= \sqrt{2\, x\, u\, g}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Apply the conservation of momentum to find the velocity of the bullet before the collision. Right after the collision, sum of momentum would be:

[tex](M + m)\, \sqrt{2\, x\, u\, g}[/tex].

Right before the collision, sum of momentum would be:

[tex]m\, v_{0}[/tex].

By the conservation of momentum:

[tex]m\, v_{0} = (M + m)\, \sqrt{2\, x\, u\, g}[/tex].

Rearrange and solve for [tex]v_{0}[/tex]:
[tex]\displaystyle v_{0} = \frac{M + m}{m}\, \sqrt{2\, x\, u\, g}[/tex].

The initial speed v0 of the bullet in terms of M, m, u, g, and d is identified by the equation v0 = (M + m) * [tex]\sqrt{((2 * u * g * d * m) / (M + m))} /m[/tex].

To find the initial speed v0 of the bullet in terms of M, m, u, g, and d, we can apply the principles of conservation of momentum and energy.

First, let's consider the conservation of momentum. Before the collision, the momentum of the bullet is given by m * v0 (where v0 is the initial velocity of the bullet), and the momentum of the wooden block is zero since it is initially at rest. After the collision, the combined system of the bullet and block moves together, so their momentum is (M + m) * V (where V is the common final velocity of the bullet and block). Since momentum is conserved, we have:

m * v0 = (M + m) * V

Next, let's consider energy conservation. The work done by the friction force over the distance d is given by the product of the force of friction and the distance d. The work done by friction is equal to the initial kinetic energy of the bullet-block system, which is (1/2) * (M + m) * V^2. Thus, we have:

(1/2) * (M + m) * V² = u * (M + m) * g * d

Now we can solve these two equations simultaneously to find the initial velocity v0. Rearranging the first equation, we have:

v0 = (M + m) * V / m

Substituting this expression for v0 into the second equation, we get:

(1/2) * (M + m) * [(M + m) * V / m]² = u * (M + m) * g * d

Simplifying and solving for V, we obtain:

V = [tex]\sqrt{((2 * u * g * d * m) / (M + m))}[/tex]

Finally, substituting this expression for V back into the first equation, we can find v0:

v0 = (M + m) * [tex]\sqrt{(2 * u * g * d * m) / (M + m)}[/tex] / m

Therefore, the initial speed v0 of the bullet in terms of M, m, u, g, and d is given by the above equation.

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(a) The average velocity of the tennis player at 0 to 1 s is  4 m/s.

(b) The average velocity of the tennis player at 0 to 4 s is -0.5 m/s.

(c) The average velocity of the tennis player at 1 to 5 s is  1 m/s.

(d) The average velocity of the tennis player at 0 to 5 s is 0.8 m/s.

The average velocity of the tennis player at the given time, is calculated by applying the formula for average velocity as follows;

average velocity = total displacement / total time

(a) The average velocity at 0 to 1 s;

average vel. = (4 m - 0 m ) / (1 s ) = 4 m/s

(b) The average velocity at 0 to 4 s;

average vel. = (-2 - 0 )m / 4 s = -0.5 m/s

(c) The average velocity at 1 to 5 s;

average vel. = (4 - 0 )m / (5 - 1) s =  1 m/s

(d) The average velocity at 0 to 5 s;

average vel. = (4 - 0 )m / (5 - 0) s =  0.8 m/s

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Given that the initial velocity at which the ball is thrown vertically upward is 15m/s. Let us also assume that the value of acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8m/s² and in this case, the value will be -9.8m/s² as the ball is moving against gravity.

a) To calculate how high the ball rises, we can use the kinematic equation:

v² = u² + 2gs......(i)

where v ⇒ final velocity

u ⇒ initial velocity

g ⇒ acceleration and,

s ⇒ displacement (the height)

The final velocity will be 0 when the ball reaches its maximum height.

Substituting the values in equation (i), we get

0² = 15² + (2*-9.8*s)

0 = 225 - 19.6s

Thus, s = 225/19.6 = 11.48 m.

Therefore, the ball rises approximately 11.48 meters.

b) To find the time taken to reach the highest point, we can use the kinematic equation,

v = u + gt......(ii)

where t = time

Substituting the values in equation (ii)

0 = 15 - 9.8*t

t = -15/ -9.8 = 1.53 seconds

Thus, the time taken to reach the highest point = 1.53 seconds.

c) To find the time taken for the ball to hit the ground after it reaches its highest point, we can use the equation,

s = ut +1/2gt².....(iii)

As the ball is moving downwards, the initial velocity, u will be 0m/s.

Thus, substituting the values in equation (iii), we get

11.48 = 0*t + 1/2*9.8*t²

11.48 = 4.9t²

t² = 2.34

Therefore t = 1.53 seconds

Thus, the time taken for the ball to hit the ground is 1.53 seconds.

d)  To find the velocity at which the ball returns to the level from which it started, we can use the equation

v = u+ gt.....(iv)

v = 0 + 9.8*1.53

Thus, v = 14.99 ≅ 15 m/s

Therefore, the velocity when it returns to the level from which it started is 15m/s.

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Answer:

3.79 m/s^2

Explanation:

We know the small part loses 0.932 MJ of gravitational potential energy during its fall.

Potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x height

Re-arranging to solve for gravitational field strength:

g = Potential energy/(mass x height)

Plugging in the given values:

g = 0.932 MJ / (1.8kg x 140km)

= 0.932 x 10^6 J / (1.8 x 1000kg x 140 x 1000m)

= 3.79 m/s^2

Therefore, the gravitational field strength of Mars is calculated to be 3.79 m/s^2.

(a) The projectile's velocity at the highest point of its trajectory is approximately 27.01 m/s, counterclockwise from the +x-axis.

(b) The straight-line distance from where the projectile was launched to where it hits its target is approximately 144.93 m.

To solve this problem, we'll analyze the projectile's motion in two dimensions: horizontal and vertical.

(a) To find the projectile's velocity at the highest point of its trajectory, we need to consider the vertical component and horizontal component separately.

The initial velocity (V0) of the projectile is 48.0 m/s, and the launch angle (θ) is 34.0° above the horizontal.

The vertical component of velocity (Vy) can be found using the equation:

Vy = V0 * sin(θ)

Plugging in the known values:

Vy = 48.0 m/s * sin(34.0°)

Calculating Vy, we find:

Vy ≈ 27.01 m/s

The horizontal component of velocity (Vx) can be found using the equation:

Vx = V0 * cos(θ)

Plugging in the known values:

Vx = 48.0 m/s * cos(34.0°)

Calculating Vx, we find:

Vx ≈ 39.79 m/s

Therefore, at the highest point of its trajectory:

- The magnitude of the projectile's velocity is approximately 27.01 m/s.

- The direction of the velocity is straight up, counterclockwise from the +x-axis.

(b) To find the straight-line distance from where the projectile was launched to where it hits its target, we need to consider the horizontal motion of the projectile.

The time of flight (t) is given as 3.65 s.

The horizontal distance (x) can be found using the equation:

x = Vx * t

Plugging in the known values:

x = 39.79 m/s * 3.65 s

Calculating x, we find:

x ≈ 144.93 m

The straight-line distance from where the projectile was launched to where it hits its target is approximately 144.93 m.

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It takes about 4.85 seconds for the car to accelerate from a speed of 25 mi/h to a speed of 32 mi/h.

The given information includes the acceleration rate of a certain car which is 0.65 m/s², and the initial speed of the car which is 25 miles per hour. The question is asking about the time taken by the car to accelerate from the initial speed of 25 miles per hour to a speed of 32 miles per hour. This is a simple problem in kinematics that can be solved by using the formula of acceleration. Here’s how:
First, convert the initial and final speeds of the car into meters per second.
Given that:
Initial speed of the car, u = 25 miles/hour
Final speed of the car, v = 32 miles/hour
To convert miles/hour to meters/second, multiply it by 0.447:
u = 25 miles/hour × 0.447 = 11.175 meters/second
v = 32 miles/hour × 0.447 = 14.324 meters/second
Now, let’s use the formula of acceleration:
v = u + at
Where,
v = final speed = 14.324 m/s
u = initial speed = 11.175 m/s
a = acceleration = 0.65 m/s²
t = time taken
Substitute the given values in the formula:
14.324 = 11.175 + (0.65)t
Solve for t:
t = (14.324 - 11.175) / 0.65
t = 4.85 seconds
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a. The maximum height reached by the rocket is  1083 meters.

b.  The rocket reaches its maximum height 38 seconds after liftoff.

c.   The rocket is in the air for  1.09 seconds.

(b)

We will apply equation of motion :

v² = u² + 2aΔy

Δy = (v² - u²) / (2a)

Δy = (0 - 57.0²) / (2 * 1.50)

Δy = (-57.0)² / 3.00

Δy = 3,249 / 3.00

Δy = 1083 m

(c)

v = u + at

0 = u + at

t = -u / a

t = -57.0 / 1.50

t = 38 seconds

(d)

Δy = ut + (1/2)at²

140 = 57.0t + (1/2)(1.50)t²

(1/2)(1.50)t² + 57.0t - 140 = 0

t =  1.09 seconds.

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Option A. The angle between the force and displacement is 180°, the maximum work is considered to be done by the force.

Work is defined as the product of the force applied to an object and the displacement of the object in the direction of the force. Mathematically, work (W) is given by the equation:

W = F * d * cos(theta)

Where

F = magnitude of the force

d = magnitude of the displacement

theta = angle between the force and displacement vectors.

In order to maximize the work done by a force, we need to maximize the value of the cosine of the angle theta. The cosine function reaches its maximum value of 1 when the angle theta is 0° or 180°.

When the angle between the force and displacement is 0° (option E), the force and displacement vectors are perfectly aligned in the same direction. In this case, the work done is maximized. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

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The graphic organizer suggests that the job of an astronaut is complex, demanding, and involves flight.

This conclusion can be drawn by examining the nature of the requirements listed in the graphic organizer. Firstly, the requirements listed in the organizer are numerous and encompass various aspects. They include educational qualifications, such as having a bachelor's degree in a relevant field, as well as specific experience, like piloting an aircraft.

These requirements highlight the complexity of the job and indicate that astronauts need to possess a diverse set of skills and knowledge. Additionally, the requirements for physical fitness and health demonstrate the demanding nature of the job.

Astronauts are expected to undergo rigorous physical training to ensure they can handle the physical stresses associated with space travel and the conditions they will encounter in space. This indicates that the job can be physically exhausting and requires individuals to be in excellent health.

Lastly, the inclusion of flight-related requirements, such as the need to pass a long-duration spaceflight physical and participate in aircraft flights, implies that the job of an astronaut involves actual flight experiences. This indicates that astronauts are directly involved in piloting spacecraft and are expected to have practical experience in flying.

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The six digit grid coordinates for the windtee  should be 100049.

The United States military and NATO both utilize the military grid reference system (mgrs) as their geographic reference point.

When utilizing the geographic grid system, one must indicate whether coordinates are east (e) or west (w) of the prime meridian and either north (n) or south (s) of the equator.

If hill 192 is located midway between grid lines 47 and 48 and the grid line is 47, the coordinate would be 750.

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(a) The speed at which the first ball was thrown is approximately 12.6735 m/s.

(b) The speed at which the second ball was thrown is approximately 22.84 m/s.

To solve this problem, we'll use the kinematic equations of motion and the fact that the maximum height reached by both balls is the same.

(a) Let's start with the first ball. We know that the time of flight (t) is 2.55 s, and since the ball is thrown straight upward, the time to reach the maximum height is half of the total time of flight (t/2).

Using the equation for vertical displacement:

Δy = Vyi * t - (1/2) * g * [tex]t^2[/tex]

At the maximum height, the vertical displacement (Δy) is zero. So we can rewrite the equation as:

0 = Vyi * (t/2) - (1/2) * g * [tex](t/2)^2[/tex]

Rearranging the equation, we can solve for the initial vertical velocity (Vyi):

Vyi = (1/2) * g * (t/2)

Plugging in the known values:

Vyi = (1/2) * 9.8 [tex]m/s^2[/tex] * (2.55 s / 2)

Simplifying the equation, we find:

Vyi = 12.6735 m/s

Since the ball was thrown straight upward, the initial vertical velocity is equal to the final vertical velocity when the ball reaches the thrower's hand. Therefore, the speed at which the first ball was thrown is approximately 12.6735 m/s.

(b) Now let's move on to the second ball thrown at an angle of 31.0° with the horizontal. We know that the maximum height reached by this ball is the same as the first ball.

The vertical component of the initial velocity (Vyi) for the second ball can be calculated using the equation:

Vyi = V * sin(θ)

To find the total initial velocity (V), we need to know the horizontal component of the initial velocity (Vxi), which can be calculated as:

Vxi = V * cos(θ)

Since the maximum height reached by the second ball is the same as the first ball, the time taken to reach the maximum height will also be the same. Therefore, we can use the same time of flight (t) value.

Using the equation for the maximum height (H):

H = [tex](Vyi)^2[/tex] / (2 * g)

We can rewrite this equation in terms of V:

V = √(2 * g * H) / sin(θ)

Plugging in the known values:

V = √(2 * 9.8 [tex]m/s^2[/tex] * 12.6735 m) / sin(31.0°)

Simplifying the equation, we find:

V ≈ 22.84 m/s

Therefore, the speed at which the second ball was thrown is approximately 22.84 m/s.

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A 0.5 kg soccer ball is kicked at 10 m/s. A goalie catches the ball and brings it to rest in 0.25 seconds then the force exerted on the ball by the goalie is 20N. Option C is correct.

Here, we must determine the change in momentum of the soccer ball. The momentum of an object is stated by the product of its mass and velocity. The mass of the soccer ball is 0.5 kg, and its initial velocity is 10 m/s. Therefore, the ball is conducted to be constant, and its final velocity is 0 m/s.

The change in momentum is computed by reducing the final momentum from the initial momentum. In this concern, the initial momentum is 0.5 kg × 10 m/s = 5 kg·m/s, and the final momentum is 0.5 kg × 0 m/s = 0 kg·m/s. Now, the change in momentum is 5 kg·m/s - 0 kg·m/s = 5 kg·m/s.

Next, we separate the change in momentum by the time taken to bring up the ball to rest, which is 0.25 seconds. Thus, the goalie's force exerted on the ball is 5 kg·m/s / 0.25 s = 20 N.

Therefore, the correct answer is C. 20 N.

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The correct Option is C. The force exerted on the ball by the goalie is 20 N.

The formula for the force exerted on an object is given by F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass of the object and a is the acceleration.

The formula for acceleration is a = (v-u)/t, where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity and t is the time taken.

The acceleration is negative if the object is brought to rest.

So, for the given problem, the initial velocity of the soccer ball is 10 m/s and the final velocity is 0.

The time taken to bring it to rest is 0.25 s.

Therefore, the acceleration is given by:a = [tex](0 - 10)/0.25 = - 40 m/s^{2}[/tex]

Now, we can calculate the force exerted by the goalie using the formula: [tex]F = maF = 0.5 kg $\times$ (- 40 m/s^{2} ) = - 20 N[/tex]

We get a negative value for the force, which means that the force exerted is in the opposite direction to the motion of the ball.

However, the magnitude of the force is given by |-20 N| = 20 N.

So, the answer is option (C) 20 N.

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The brightness of light is explained by the wave model of light. Brightness refers to the perceived intensity of light. Brightness is determined by the amplitude or intensity of light waves.

The larger the amplitude, the brighter the light. This can be explained using the wave model of light.Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that is composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. The wave model of light states that light is a transverse wave that propagates through space. The wave model of light states that light travels in straight lines and can be reflected, refracted, and diffracted. Brightness is a measure of the intensity of light waves.

The intensity of light waves is determined by the amplitude of the wave.The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of the wave from its equilibrium position. The larger the amplitude of a wave, the more energy the wave carries. This means that the larger the amplitude of light waves, the brighter the light. The brightness of light can be increased by increasing the amplitude of light waves. This can be achieved by increasing the intensity of light waves. The intensity of light waves can be increased by increasing the power of the light source. Thus, brightness can be explained by the wave model of light as it is determined by the amplitude or intensity of light waves.

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The second snowball should be thrown at an angle of approximately 48.196° with respect to the horizontal to arrive at the same point as the first snowball.

the second snowball should be thrown 4.582 seconds later in order for both to arrive at the same time.

To find the angle at which the second snowball should be thrown, we can use the fact that the horizontal displacement of both snowballs must be the same.

Let's first find the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity for the first snowball. The initial speed is 26.5 m/s, and the angle is 58.0° with respect to the horizontal.

The horizontal component of the velocity for the first snowball is given by:

V1x = V1 * cos(angle1)

    = 26.5 m/s * cos(58.0°)

    = 26.5 m/s * 0.530

    = 14.045 m/s

Now, let's find the vertical component of the velocity for the first snowball:

V1y = V1 * sin(angle1)

    = 26.5 m/s * sin(58.0°)

    = 26.5 m/s * 0.848

    = 22.472 m/s

Since the vertical acceleration is the same for both snowballs (gravity), the time it takes for both to arrive at the same point is the same. Therefore, we can use the time of flight of the first snowball to calculate the vertical displacement for the second snowball.

The time of flight for the first snowball can be calculated using the vertical component of velocity and the acceleration due to gravity:

t = (2 * V1y) / g

  = (2 * 22.472 m/s) / 9.8 m/s²

  ≈ 4.582 s

Now, let's find the vertical displacement for the second snowball:

Δy = V1y * t - (0.5 * g * t²)

    = 22.472 m/s * 4.582 s - (0.5 * 9.8 m/s² * (4.582 s)²)

    ≈ 103.049 m

To find the angle at which the second snowball should be thrown, we can use the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement:

tan(angle2) = Δy / Δx

           = 103.049 m / (2 * 14.045 m/s * t)

           = 103.049 m / (2 * 14.045 m/s * 4.582 s)

           ≈ 1.085

Now, we can find the angle2 by taking the arctan of both sides:

angle2 ≈ arctan(1.085)

angle2 ≈ 48.196°

Therefore,

To find how many seconds later the second snowball should be thrown, we can simply use the time of flight of the first snowball, which is approximately 4.582 seconds.

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Suppose that you're facing a straight current-carrying conductor, and the current is flowing toward you. The lines of magnetic force at any point in the magnetic field will act in option c)  the direction opposite to the current.

Lenz's law is the law that governs the direction of magnetic force.According to Lenz's law, magnetic fields induced by an electric current have a polarity such that the current's magnetic field opposes any change in current flow. Based on this law, the induced current must produce a magnetic field that opposes the current that produced it.

If the current is flowing towards us, the induced magnetic field must flow in the opposite direction to the current. Therefore, the direction of the lines of magnetic force at any point in the magnetic field will act in the direction opposite to the current.Hence, the correct option is C) the direction opposite to the current.

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The angle  made with the ceiling by the tension force of the two wires is determined as 50⁰.

The angle  made by the two tensions is calculated by applying cosine rule as follows;

the force opposite the angle = weight of the block = mg

W = 7.75 kg x 9.8 m/s²

W = 75.95 N

The angle  made by the two tensions is calculated as follows;

cos θ = (38 N ) / ( 59 N)

cos θ = 0.6441

θ = arc cos (0.6441)

θ = 50⁰

Thus, the angle  made by the two tensions is determined as 50 degrees.

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The figure is in the image attached

Answer:

1. Concave mirror

2. Convex mirror

3. Concave mirror

4. Concave mirror

Explanation:

Concave mirror is placed near on an object it displays a virtual image

a) The speed of the 6.00 kg block after descending 0.800 m is 2.07 m/s.

b) We cannot calculate the work done by the friction force.

c) The net work done on the system of two blocks during the 0.800 m downward displacement of the 6.00 kg block is 29.13 J. The work done by gravity is 47.04 J, the work done by friction is unknown, and the work done by the tension in the rope is zero.

(a) The work done on the 6.00 kg block by gravity can be calculated using the formula:

Work_gravity = force_gravity * displacement * cos(theta),

where force_gravity is the weight of the block, displacement is the downward displacement of the block, and theta is the angle between the force and displacement vectors (which is 0 degrees in this case).

The weight of the block is given by:

force_gravity = mass * acceleration_due_to_gravity = 6.00 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 = 58.8 N.

Plugging in the values, we get:

Work_gravity = 58.8 N * 0.800 m * cos(0) = 47.04 J.

The work done on the 6.00 kg block by the tension in the rope is given by:

Work_tension = tension * displacement * cos(theta).

Plugging in the values, we get:

Work_tension = 37.0 N * 0.800 m * cos(180) = -29.6 J.

The negative sign indicates that the tension is in the opposite direction of the displacement.

Using the work-energy theorem, we can find the speed of the 6.00 kg block after descending 0.800 m:

Work_net = change_in_kinetic_energy.

Since the block starts from rest, its initial kinetic energy is zero. Therefore:

Work_net = Final_kinetic_energy - Initial_kinetic_energy = 1/2 * mass * velocity^2.

Solving for velocity, we get:

velocity = sqrt(2 * Work_net / mass).

The net work done on the block is the sum of the work done by gravity and the tension:

Work_net = Work_gravity + Work_tension = 47.04 J - 29.6 J = 17.44 J.

Plugging in the values, we get:

velocity = sqrt(2 * 17.44 J / 6.00 kg) = 2.07 m/s.

Therefore, the speed of the 6.00 kg block after descending 0.800 m is 2.07 m/s.

(b) The total work done on the 8.00 kg block during the 0.800 m displacement can be calculated using the work-energy theorem:

Work_net = change_in_kinetic_energy.

Since the 8.00 kg block is not moving vertically, its initial and final kinetic energies are zero. Therefore:

Work_net = Final_kinetic_energy - Initial_kinetic_energy = 0.

The work done on the 8.00 kg block by the tension in the rope is given by:

Work_tension = tension * displacement * cos(theta).

Plugging in the values, we get:

Work_tension = 37.0 N * 0.800 m * cos(0) = 29.6 J.

The work done on the 8.00 kg block by the friction force can be calculated using the formula:

Work_friction = force_friction * displacement * cos(theta),

where force_friction is the frictional force on the block. However, the problem statement does not provide the value of the friction force. Therefore, we cannot calculate the work done by the friction force.

(c) The net work done on the system of two blocks during the 0.800 m displacement of the 6.00 kg block can be found using the work-energy theorem:

Work_net = change_in_kinetic_energy.

Since the system starts from rest, the initial kinetic energy of the system is zero. Therefore:

Work_net = Final_kinetic_energy - Initial_kinetic_energy = 1/2 * (6.00 kg + 8.00 kg) * velocity^2.

Simplifying, we get:

Work_net = 1/2 * 14.00 kg * velocity^2.

Using the value of velocity calculated in part (a), we get:

Work_net = 1/2 * 14.00 kg * (2.07 m/s)^2 = 29.13 J.

The work done on the system of two blocks by gravity is the sum of the work done on the individual blocks by gravity:

Work_gravity_system = Work_gravity_6kg + Work_gravity_8kg = 47.04 J + 0 J = 47.04 J.

The work done on the system of two blocks by the tension in the rope is the sum of the work done on the individual blocks by the tension:

Work_tension_system = Work_tension_6kg + Work_tension_8kg = -29.6 J + 29.6 J = 0 J.

Therefore, the net work done on the system of two blocks during the 0.800 m downward displacement of the 6.00 kg block is 29.13 J. The work done by gravity is 47.04 J, the work done by friction is unknown, and the work done by the tension in the rope is zero.

Note: The calculations for part (b) and (c) were based on the given information, but the value of the friction force was not provided in the problem statement.

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The force acting on the electron is 1.92 x 10^-17 N.

The problem states that an electron of charge 1.6 x 10^-19 is located in a uniform electric field of 120 Vm^-1, and it asks us to determine the force acting on it.

We can use Coulomb's law, which states that the force between two point charges is proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. If the charges are of opposite signs, the force is attractive, while if the charges are of the same sign, the force is repulsive.

The formula for Coulomb's law is F = kq1q2/r^2, where F is the force between the charges, k is Coulomb's constant, q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges, and r is the distance between them.

Since the electron has a charge of 1.6 x 10^-19 C, and the electric field strength is 120 Vm^-1, we can use the equation F = qE to find the force acting on it.

F = qE = (1.6 x 10^-19 C)(120 Vm^-1) = 1.92 x 10^-17 N.

Therefore, the force acting on the electron is 1.92 x 10^-17 N.

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(a)The time taken for the pebble to reach the ground is approximately 2.01 seconds, and

(b) the horizontal distance traveled by the pebble is approximately 41.02 meters.

(c) The vertical distance traveled by the pebble is 55 meters.

(d) The initial vertical velocity of the pebble is 0 m/s because it is thrown horizontally.

(e) The vertical acceleration of the pebble is due to gravity and is approximately -9.8 m/s^2.

(f) The negative sign indicates that the pebble is moving downward.

a) To find the time taken for the pebble to reach the ground, we can use the equation for vertical motion:

h = (1/2)gt^2, where h is the vertical distance and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

Rearranging the equation, we have:

t = √((2h) / g), where t is the time taken.

Substituting the given values, we get:

t = √((2 * 55) / 9.8) ≈ 2.01 seconds.

b) The horizontal speed of the pebble remains constant throughout its motion. Therefore, the horizontal distance traveled by the pebble can be found by multiplying the horizontal speed by the time taken:

d = v0 * t, where d is the horizontal distance and v0 is the initial horizontal speed.

Substituting the given values, we have:

d = 20.5 * 2.01 ≈ 41.02 meters.

c) The vertical distance traveled by the pebble is given as 55 meters.

d) The initial vertical velocity of the pebble is 0 m/s because it is thrown horizontally.

e) The vertical acceleration of the pebble is due to gravity and is approximately -9.8 m/s^2.

f) The final vertical velocity of the pebble when it reaches the ground can be found using the equation:

v = u + at, where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, a is the acceleration, and t is the time taken.

Since the initial vertical velocity is 0 m/s and the acceleration due to gravity is -9.8 m/s^2, we have:

v = 0 + (-9.8) * 2.01 ≈ -19.8 m/s.

The negative sign indicates that the pebble is moving downward.

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In planetary motion, as a planet orbits the Sun, it sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals. This principle, known as Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion, describes the behavior of planets as they move in elliptical orbits around the Sun.

When a planet is closer to the Sun, it experiences a stronger gravitational pull, which causes it to move faster. As a result, the planet covers a larger distance in a given amount of time compared to when it is farther from the Sun. This compensates for the smaller distance, ensuring that the area swept out by the planet remains the same.

To illustrate this, imagine a line connecting the Sun and the planet, called the radius vector. As the planet moves along its orbit, the radius vector sweeps out a wedge-shaped area. The rate at which this area is swept out is constant. When the planet is closer to the Sun, it moves faster, covering more distance along its orbit in a given time. Consequently, the narrower end of the wedge is compensated by the planet's higher speed, resulting in an equal area to that covered when it is farther from the Sun.

This phenomenon is a consequence of the conservation of angular momentum in the gravitational field of the Sun and allows for a consistent distribution of the planet's orbital motion.

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If two waves with equal amplitudes and wavelengths travel through a medium in such a way that a particular particle of the medium is at the crest of one wave and at the trough of the other wave at the same time then D) The particle will remain stationary due to interference.

When two waves with equal amplitudes and wavelengths pass through a medium, they undergo interference. Interference occurs when the crests and troughs of the waves overlap. In this case, if a particular particle of the medium is at the crest of one wave and at the trough of the other wave at the same time, it experiences what is called destructive interference.

Destructive interference happens when the peaks (crests) of one wave align with the troughs of the other wave. In this situation, the positive displacements caused by the crest are canceled out by the negative displacements caused by the trough. As a result, the net displacement of the particle is zero, and it remains stationary.

This phenomenon occurs due to the principle of superposition, which states that the total displacement of a particle at any point in a medium is the vector sum of the individual displacements caused by each wave. Therefore, in this scenario, the particle will remain stationary due to the destructive interference between the two waves. Therefore, Option D is correct.

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Answer: D

Explanation:

When light travels from air into glass, it refracts towards the normal at the air-glass interface, propagates through the glass, and upon exiting, refracts away from the normal back into the air.

When light travels from air into glass, it undergoes several changes in its path due to the difference in optical properties between the two mediums. The path light takes can be described as follows:

1. Incident Ray: The journey begins with an incident ray, which is the incoming light ray traveling through the air towards the glass surface.

2. Refraction: As the incident ray reaches the interface between air and glass, it encounters a change in the refractive index. Refractive index is a measure of how much a medium can bend light. Glass has a higher refractive index than air, so the incident ray bends towards the normal, which is an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the glass.

3. Transmission: After refraction, the incident ray enters the glass and continues its path through the medium. Inside the glass, the light travels in a straight line until it encounters another interface or is affected by other optical phenomena.

4. Internal Reflection: If the incident ray encounters a glass-air interface at an angle greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection can occur. In this case, the light reflects back into the glass instead of transmitting out, effectively bouncing off the interface.

5. Refraction (again): If the incident ray does not undergo total internal reflection, it continues to propagate through the glass. At another glass-air interface, the light exits the glass and enters the air again. This transition involves refraction once more, but this time the light bends away from the normal, returning to its original path in air.

6. Transmitted Ray: Finally, the light ray continues to travel through the air, maintaining its original direction and path as it moves away from the glass surface.

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The acceleration of the two blocks is[tex]2.14 m/s^{2[/tex]} and the distance does block M2 move in 2.00 s is 4.27 m.

Now we need to find the acceleration of the two blocks and the distance does block M2 move in 2.00 s.

We know that: mass of M1, m1 = 5.00 kg mass of M2, m2 = 19.0 kgθ = 25.0°Taking upward direction as positive for block M1 and downwards as positive for block M2.

Therefore, we can write the following equation of motion for the two blocks:

For M2: m2g - T = m2a ...(1)

For M1: T - m1g = m1a ...(2)

We can see from the figure that M2 is on an inclined plane making an angle θ with the horizontal.

We can resolve the weight of M2 into two components:

Perpendicular to the plane = m2gcosθParallel to the plane = m2gsinθ

The component parallel to the plane will tend to make the block move downwards.

Therefore, the effective weight will be:

mg = m2gsinθ ...(3)

From equation (1) we can write:

T = m2g - m2a ...(4)

Substituting equation (4) in equation (2), we get:

m2g - m2a - m1g = m1a ...(5)

On solving equation (5), we get the acceleration as:

a = g(m2sinθ - m1) / (m1 + m2)

On substituting the given values, we get:

[tex]a = 2.14 m/s^{2}[/tex]

The distance moved by M2 in 2 seconds can be found out using the formula:[tex]s = ut + \frac{1}{2} at^{2}[/tex]

Here, initial velocity, u = 0m/s Time, t = 2s Acceleration, [tex]a = 2.14 m/s^{2}[/tex]

On substituting these values, we get the distance travelled by M2 as: s = 4.27 m

Therefore, the acceleration of the two blocks is [tex]2.14 m/s^{2}[/tex]. And the distance does block M2 move in 2.00 s is 4.27 m.

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