What is a ligand? How does ligand attach to central atom? What is a ligand with one donor atom called? two? three?

Answers

Answer 1

A ligand is a molecule or ion that binds to a central atom or ion through a coordination bond. The central atom is usually a metal ion, but it can also be a nonmetal ion, such as a proton.

The ligand has one or more atoms or groups of atoms that can donate a pair of electrons to the central atom, forming a coordination complex. The attachment of a ligand to a central atom is a result of a coordination bond. The ligand typically interacts with the central atom through lone pair electrons or pi bonds. The number of coordination bonds that a central atom can form depends on its electron configuration and the number of electrons available for bonding. The ligand with one donor atom is called a monodentate ligand, while the ligand with two donor atoms is called a bidentate ligand.

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Related Questions

Which type of application equipment would produce the least amount of pesticide drift?

Answers

The type of application equipment that would produce the least amount of pesticide drift is equipment that applies the pesticide directly to the target area with minimal overspray or mist.

This includes equipment such as low-drift nozzles, air-assisted sprayers, and electrostatic sprayers.

However, it's important to note that even with the use of this equipment, there is still the potential for drift, and proper application techniques and weather conditions should also be taken into consideration.

Additionally, some pesticides are designed to have low volatility and can further minimize drift.

In conclusion, producing the least amount of pesticide drift requires a combination of proper application equipment, techniques, and pesticide choice.

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How many atoms are in 1.75 moles of CHCl3?

Answers

There are approximately [tex]5.26 * 10^{24}[/tex] atoms in 1.75 moles of [tex]CHCl_3[/tex].

Molecular formula of [tex]CHCl_3[/tex] is made up of 1 carbon atom, 1 hydrogen atom, and 3 chlorine atoms, for a total of 5 atoms per molecule.

The molar mass of [tex]CHCl_3[/tex] can be calculated as:

1 C = 12.01 g/mol

1 H = 1.01 g/mol

3 CL = 3 * 35.45 g/mol = 106.35 g/mol

Total molar mass of [tex]CHCl_3[/tex] = [tex]12.01 + 1.01 + 106.35 = 119.37 g/mol[/tex]

So, 1.75 moles  [tex]CHCl_3[/tex] will have a mass of [tex](1.75 mol) * (119.37 g/mol) = 208.70 g.[/tex]

Now we can calculate the number of molecules of [tex]CHCl_3[/tex] in 1.75 moles:

Number of molecules = (Amount of substance in moles) * Avogadro's number

[tex]= (1.75 mol) * (6.022 *10^{23} \ molecules/mol) \\= 1.052 * 10^{24}\ molecules[/tex]

Finally, we can calculate the number of atoms in 1.75 moles of [tex]CHCl_3[/tex]:

Number of atoms = Number of molecules * Number of atoms per molecule

[tex]= (1.052 * 10^{24} molecules) * (5 atoms/molecule) \\= 5.26 * 10^{24} atoms[/tex]

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What is the mass in grams of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) produced, if 74.8 grams of sodium (Na) reacts according to the chemical equation?
2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2

Answers

The mass in grams of sodium hydroxide produced is 130 grams.

To determine the mass of sodium hydroxide produced, we need to use stoichiometry to relate the amount of sodium to the amount of sodium hydroxide produced. From the balanced chemical equation, we know that 2 moles of sodium react with 2 moles of water to produce 2 moles of sodium hydroxide and 1 mole of hydrogen gas.

First, we need to convert the given mass of sodium (74.8 grams) to moles. The molar mass of sodium is 22.99 g/mol, so we can calculate:

74.8 g Na x (1 mol Na / 22.99 g Na) = 3.25 mol Na

Since the reaction uses 2 moles of sodium for every 2 moles of sodium hydroxide produced, we know that the number of moles of sodium hydroxide produced will also be 3.25 mol.

Finally, we can convert the moles of sodium hydroxide to grams using its molar mass of 40.00 g/mol:

3.25 mol NaOH x (40.00 g NaOH / 1 mol NaOH) = 130 g NaOH

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FIND: A) Mass, in grams, of 0.125 mol sucrose (C12H22O11).
B) Moles of Zn(NO3)2 in 171.50 g of this substance.
C) Number of molecules in 6×10−6 mol CH3CH2OH.
D) Number of N atoms in 0.400 mol NH3.

Answers

A) Mass, in grams, of 0.125 mol sucrose (C12H22O11) is , B) Moles of Zn(NO3)2 in 171.50 g of this substance = 0.905 mol, C) Number of molecules in 6×10−6 mol CH3CH2OH = 3.61 × 10¹⁸ molecules ,D) Number of N atoms in 0.400 mol NH3 = 2.41 × 10^²³ N atoms.

A) To find the mass of 0.125 mol sucrose, use the formula mass = moles × molar mass. The molar mass of sucrose (C12H22O11) is (12 × 12.01) + (22 × 1.01) + (11 × 16.00) = 342.30 g/mol. So, mass = 0.125 mol × 342.30 g/mol = 42.79 g.

B) To find the moles of Zn(NO3)2 in 171.50 g, use the formula moles = mass / molar mass. The molar mass of Zn(NO3)2 is (65.38) + (2 × (14.01 + (3 × 16.00))) = 189.39 g/mol. So, moles = 171.50 g / 189.39 g/mol = 0.905 mol.

C) To find the number of molecules in 6×10⁻⁶ mol CH3CH2OH, use Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol): number of molecules = moles × Avogadro's number = 6×10⁻⁶ mol × 6.022 × 10^²³ molecules/mol = 3.61 × 10¹⁸ molecules.

D) To find the number of N atoms in 0.400 mol NH3, first find the total number of NH3 molecules using Avogadro's number: 0.400 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol = 2.41 × 10²³ molecules. Since there is 1 N atom in each NH3 molecule, the number of N atoms is the same as the number of NH3 molecules: 2.41 × 10^²³ N atoms.

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on the beta anomer, is the OH at C1 up or down?

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On the beta anomer, the OH at C1 is pointing down. This is because the beta configuration refers to the orientation of the anomeric carbon (C1) and the adjacent carbon (C2) in a pyranose ring structure.

In the beta configuration, the C1-OH group is pointing downward, which is in the opposite direction of the C2 substituent. This creates a trans-diaxial relationship between the C1-OH and the C2 substituent. This orientation is different from the alpha configuration, where the C1-OH is pointing upward and has a cis-diaxial relationship with the C2 substituent.

The beta and alpha configurations are important in carbohydrate chemistry because they can have different properties and reactivities. For example, the beta configuration may be more stable than the alpha configuration, and some enzymes may have different affinities for beta and alpha anomers.

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Which one of the following combinations would not form a buffer?
a. 1.0 mol of HF and 1.0 mol of NaF
b. 1.0 mol NaF and 0.50 mol NaOH
c. 1.0 mol HF and 0.50 mol NaOH
d. 1.0 mol NaF and 0.50 mol HCl

Answers

The combination that would not form a buffer is 1.0 mol NaF and 0.50 mol HCl.

So, the correct answer is D.

What is buffer?

A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. It is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

To determine if a combination of chemicals can form a buffer, we need to check if they contain a weak acid-base pair.

Option a contains a weak acid (HF) and its conjugate base (NaF), so it can form a buffer.

Option b contains a strong base (NaOH) and its conjugate salt (NaF), which cannot form a buffer.

Option c contains a weak acid (HF) and a strong base (NaOH), so it can form a buffer.

Option d contains a strong acid (HCl) and its conjugate salt (NaF), which cannot form a buffer.

Therefore, the combination that would not form a buffer is option b - 1.0 mol NaF and 0.50 mol NaOH.

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8. What is the chemical symbol for a magnesium ion? a. Mg + b. Mg - c. Mg 2+ d. Mg 2-

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The chemical symbol for magnesium is "Mg". Magnesium is a metallic element with atomic number 12 and is found in group 2 of the periodic table. Magnesium is a reactive metal and easily forms ions by losing two electrons from its outer shell, resulting in the formation of a magnesium ion with a charge of +2.

The chemical symbol for a magnesium ion with a charge of +2 is "Mg2+". This symbol indicates that the ion has lost two electrons, resulting in a positively charged ion. The charge of an ion is indicated by a superscript number after the chemical symbol, and the sign of the charge (positive or negative) is notated by the placement of the superscript number. The chemical symbol for a magnesium ion with a charge of +2 is "Mg2+". This symbol represents the loss of two electrons from the outer shell of a magnesium atom, resulting in a positively charged ion that is commonly found in various compounds and biological systems.

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Which one of the following 1.0 M solutions would have the highest pH?
a. NaNO3
b. HONH2
c. KC2H3O2
d. HIO

Answers

The correct answer is (c) KC2H3O2.

NaNO3 is a salt of a strong acid (HNO3) and a strong base (NaOH), so it does not have any acidic or basic properties.

HONH2 is a weak base, and it will hydrolyze in water to produce OH- ions, resulting in a slightly basic solution. However, it is weaker than the conjugate base of a weak acid (KC2H3O2), so its pH will be lower.

HIO is a weak acid, and it will partially dissociate in water to produce H+ ions, resulting in a slightly acidic solution.

KC2H3O2 is a salt of a weak acid (acetic acid) and a strong base (KOH), so it will hydrolyze in water to produce OH- ions, resulting in a basic solution. It is the strongest base among the options given and will have the highest pH.

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When solute concentration is greater than the equilibrium concentration value, the soln. is ---

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When the solute concentration is greater than the equilibrium concentration value, the solution is said to be supersaturated.

This means that the solution contains more solute than it can normally hold at that temperature and pressure. Supersaturation can occur when a solution is heated and then allowed to cool slowly, or when solute is added to a solution that is already at its maximum concentration.

In a supersaturated solution, the excess solute will often precipitate out of the solution if disturbed or if a seed crystal is added. Supersaturation can have important practical applications, such as in the manufacture of certain types of pharmaceuticals or in the production of high-quality crystals for use in electronics.

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Determine the energy of an electron with n=6 in a hydrogen atom

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The energy of an electron with n=6 in a hydrogen atom is -0.3778 eV. A hydrogen atom is the simplest atom consisting of one proton in its nucleus and one electron orbiting around the nucleus.

In a hydrogen atom, the energy of an electron with principal quantum number n can be calculated using the following formula:

E = -13.6 eV/n^2

where E is the energy of the electron in electron volts (eV).

Substituting n=6 into the formula, we get:

E = -13.6 eV/6^2 = -13.6 eV/36 = -0.3778 eV

It is the most abundant element in the universe and plays a fundamental role in chemistry and astrophysics. The electronic structure of a hydrogen atom is described by the quantum numbers that govern the behavior and properties of its electron.

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Calculate the concentrations of H3O+ and OH− ions in a 0.050 M Ba(OH)2 solution.
a. [H3O+] = 0.050 M; [OH−] = 0.050 M
b. [H3O+] = 1.0 × 10−7 M; [OH−] = 0.10 M
c. [H3O+] = 2.0 × 10−13 M; [OH−] = 0.050 M
d. [H3O+] = 1.0 × 10−13 M; [OH−] = 0.10 M
e. [H3O+] = 0.10 M; [OH−] = 1.0 × 10−13 M

Answers

To calculate the concentrations of H3O+ and OH- ions in a 0.050 M Ba(OH)2 solution, first calculate the ion product constant of water (Kw) at equilibrium.

Ba(OH)2 is a strong base that completely dissociates in water. The balanced equation for this process is:
Ba(OH)2 → Ba²⁺ + 2OH⁻
For every mole of Ba(OH)2, there are 2 moles of OH⁻ produced. Therefore, the concentration of OH⁻ ions in the solution is 2 × 0.050 M = 0.10 M.
Now, we need to find the H3O+ concentration. We can use the ion product constant of water (Kw) to do this. Kw is equal to the product of H3O+ and OH- concentrations at equilibrium:

Kw = [H3O+] × [OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ M² at 25°C

Solve for the H3O+ concentration:

[H3O+] = Kw / [OH⁻] = (1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ M²) / (0.10 M) = 1.0 × 10⁻¹³ M

So, the concentrations of H3O+ and OH- ions in the 0.050 M Ba(OH)2 solution are:

[H3O+] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹³ M and [OH⁻] = 0.10 M

This corresponds to answer choice (d).

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What mass of Neon gas, in grams, is contained in a 38. 4 L tank at 41 C and 3. 99 atm of pressure?

Answers

To calculate the mass of Neon gas in grams, we can use the ideal gas law: Therefore, there are 32.8 grams of Neon gas contained in the tank.

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:

T = 41°C + 273.15 = 314.15 K

Now, we can rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for the number of moles of Neon gas:

n = PV / RT

where R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) is the universal gas constant.

n = (3.99 atm) x (38.4 L) / [(0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)) x (314.15 K)]

n = 1.62 mol

Finally, we can use the molar mass of Neon (20.18 g/mol) to convert moles to grams:

mass = n x molar mass

mass = 1.62 mol x 20.18 g/mol

mass = 32.8 g

Neon gas is a chemical element with the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless inert gas that is found in trace amounts in the Earth's atmosphere. It was discovered in 1898 by the British chemists Sir William Ramsay and Morris Travers when they were studying liquefied air. Neon is the second lightest noble gas and is the fifth most abundant element in the universe by mass. It is used in a variety of applications, including as a refrigerant in cryogenics, in the manufacture of fluorescent lights and signs, and in gas lasers.

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Details the individual step that occur in course of r x n =

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The individual steps in a chemical reaction involve reactants undergoing a process that requires activation energy, passing through a transition state, potentially with the help of a catalyst, and ultimately forming products.

The individual steps that occur in the course of a chemical reaction (r x n) are

Reactants: These are the starting materials in a chemical reaction. They interact to form new substances, called products.

Activation energy: This is the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur. It's needed to break the bonds in the reactants and allow new bonds to form.

Transition state: This is a high-energy, temporary arrangement of atoms at the peak of the activation energy barrier. It represents the halfway point between reactants and products.

Catalyst: A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed. It lowers the activation energy, making it easier for reactants to reach the transition state.

Products: These are the new substances formed as a result of the reaction. The reaction is complete when the reactants have been converted to the products.

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You are titrating 20.00 mL of 0.500 M HCl with 0.500 M NaOH. b.) What is the pH of solution after addition of 10.00 mL of NaOH?

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The pH of the solution after adding 10.00 mL of 0.500 M NaOH to 20.00 mL of 0.500 M HCl is 7.0 since all the HCl has reacted, resulting in a neutral solution.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HCl and NaOH is:

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

In this titration, NaOH is the titrant and HCl is the analyte. The concentration of HCl is 0.500 M, and the volume of HCl is 20.00 mL. The concentration of NaOH is also 0.500 M, and the volume of NaOH added is 10.00 mL.

To determine the pH of the solution after the addition of 10.00 mL of NaOH, we need to calculate the moles of HCl that remain after the reaction with NaOH.

n(HCl) = C(HCl) x V(HCl) = 0.500 M x 20.00 mL = 0.0100 moles

The balanced equation shows that the reaction between HCl and NaOH is a 1:1 ratio. Therefore, the moles of NaOH added is also 0.0100 moles.

The remaining moles of HCl after the reaction is:

n(HCl) = n(initial) - n(NaOH) = 0.0100 - 0.0100 = 0.0000 moles

Since all the HCl has reacted, the solution will be a neutral solution. The pH of a neutral solution is 7.0. Therefore, the pH of the solution after the addition of 10.00 mL of NaOH is 7.0.

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a beaker contains a well stirred mixture of an unknown amount of nano3 in 100 g of water at 60 degrees celsius. at the bottom of the beaker is some white solid. the solution at this temperature is

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The solution at this temperature can be described as a saturated solution.

A saturated solution is a solution in which the maximum amount of solute, in this case NaNO₃, has been dissolved in the solvent, water, at a given temperature. The white solid at the bottom of the beaker indicates that the solubility limit of NaNO₃ in water at 60°C has been reached, and no more NaNO₃ can dissolve. The excess solute starts to form a precipitate, which is the white solid you see.

The solubility of NaNO₃ increases as the temperature of the water rises, which means that more solute can dissolve in the solvent at higher temperatures. If the temperature of the solution were to decrease, the solubility of NaNO₃ would also decrease, causing more solid to precipitate at the bottom of the beaker.

In summary, the solution in the beaker at 60 degrees Celsius is a saturated solution of NaNO₃, with a white solid precipitate indicating the maximum solubility of NaNO₃ has been reached at this temperature.

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True or false: The number of bones in the body increases from the time of birth to adulthood.

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The given statement "The number of bones in the body increases from the time of birth to adulthood" is False. The number of bones in the body does not increase from the time of birth to adulthood.

In fact, the opposite is true. Babies are born with approximately 270 bones, but many of these bones fuse together as the baby grows and develops, resulting in a total of 206 bones in the adult human body.

This process of bone fusion, known as ossification, helps to provide greater structural stability and support as the body develops and undergoes physical stress.

Therefore, the number of bones in the body decreases from birth to adulthood.

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A student fills a test tube with 30 g of water. He heats the water so that it begins to boil
and collects all of the water vapour produced via a tube placed into the bung of the test
tube. After the beaker has cooled, he finds that the mass of the water in the beaker is now
20 g. State the mass of the water vapour the student collected. Explain your answer.

Answers

The student collected 10 g of water vapor during the experiment.

The mass of the water vapor the student collected can be found using the law of conservation of mass, which states that the mass of a closed system remains constant over time, as long as there is no addition or removal of matter.

In this case, the closed system is the test tube, which initially contained 30 g of water and nothing else. When the water was heated to boiling, some of it evaporated and became water vapor, which was then collected through the tube placed in the bung of the test tube. Since the system was closed and no other matter was added or removed, the total mass of the system must remain constant.

Therefore, we can use the conservation of mass to determine the mass of the water vapor collected:

Initial mass of system (water) = 30 g

Final mass of system (water + water vapor) = 20 g

Since the mass of the system must remain constant, the mass of the water vapor collected is:

Mass of water vapor = initial mass of system - final mass of system

Mass of water vapor = 30 g - 20 g

Mass of water vapor = 10 g

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Assume that five weak acids, identified only by numbers (I, II, III, IV, and V), have the following ionization constants.
Acid Ionization Constant (Ka value)
I. 5.0 × 10−3
II. 3.0 × 10−5
III. 2.6 × 10−7
IV. 4.0 × 10−9
V. 7.3 × 10−11
A 0.10 M solution of which acid would have the highest pH?
a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV
e. V

Answers

The lowest Ka value (7.3  *  10^{-11}), indicating it is the weakest acid among the given options. a 0.10 M solution of Acid V would have the highest pH is V.

To determine which 0.10 M solution of the given weak acids would have the highest pH, we need to consider their ionization constant (Ka values). The ionization constant of an acid represents the equilibrium constant for the reaction in which the acid donates a proton (H+) to the solvent (usually water).
A lower Ka value indicates a weaker acid, meaning it is less likely to donate a proton. Since pH is a measure of acidity, with lower pH values representing more acidic solutions and higher pH values representing more alkaline (or less acidic) solutions, the acid with the lowest Ka value will produce the highest pH when dissolved in water at the same concentration.
Comparing the Ka values given:
I. 5.0  *  10^{-3}
II. 3.0  *  10^{-5}
III. 2.6  *  10^{-7}
IV. 4.0  *  10^{-9}
V. 7.3 * 10^{-11}
We can see that Acid V has the lowest Ka value (7.3  *  10^{-11}), indicating it is the weakest acid among the given options.
Therefore, a 0.10 M solution of Acid V would have the highest pH. Your answer: e. V

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Structural isomers can have _______ chemical and physical properties, whereas enantiomers have _______ chemical and physical properties except their interaction with chiral substances.

Answers

Structural isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements of their atoms. Due to their different arrangements, they can have different chemical and physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, solubility, reactivity, and others.

For example, n-pentane and 2-methyl butane are structural isomers of each other. Even though they have the same molecular formula, they have different boiling points because of their different arrangements. On the other hand, enantiomers are molecules that are mirror images of each other and have the same chemical and physical properties except for their interaction with chiral substances. Chiral substances are molecules that have a non-superimposable mirror image, like hands. Enantiomers interact differently with chiral substances because they have different spatial arrangements of their atoms, which affects how they fit into the chiral substance's structure.

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What is the definition of specific heat?
OA. The temperature change between the melting and boiling points
of a substance
OB. The heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance
1°C
OC. The total amount of energy contained within 1 mole of a
substance
OD. The heat required to break the molecular bonds within a
substance
SUBMIT

Answers

The heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1°C. This is the definition of specific heat. Therefore, the correct option is option B.

The amount of heat needed to raise a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius in one gramme, also known as specific heat. Typically, calories and joules per gramme per degree Celsius are used as a measure of specific heat.

In the 18th century, the Scottish researcher Joseph Black found that equivalent masses of various substances required varying amounts of heat to bring them across the same temperature range. The heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1°C. This is the definition of specific heat.

Therefore, the correct option is option B.

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Which will not result in a deviation from Beer's law?
a) molecular interactions between analyte molecules
b) polychromatic radiation form the source
c) stray light reaching the detector
d) a dilute sample solution

Answers

Dilution of a sample solution will not result in a deviation from Beer's law. The correct answer is option d) a dilute sample solution

Beer's law states that there is a linear relationship between the concentration of a solution and the amount of light absorbed or transmitted by the solution. Molecular interactions between analyte molecules, polychromatic radiation from the source, and stray light reaching the detector can all cause deviations from Beer's law. However, dilution will not affect the linearity of this relationship.

Hence,the correct answer is option d) a dilute sample solution

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At constant temperature, the stopcock between a flask containing He(g) and an evacuated flask is opened.
The entropy of the particles inside the flask has increased/ decreased.

Answers

At constant temperature, when the stopcock between a flask containing He(g) and an evacuated flask is opened, the entropy of the particles inside the flask has increased.

At constant temperature, when the stopcock between a flask containing He(g) and an evacuated flask is opened, the entropy of the particles inside the flask has increased. This is because the gas particles in the flask move from a region of high pressure (inside the He-containing flask) to a region of low pressure (inside the evacuated flask). This process of expansion leads to an increase in the number of available microstates or the total number of ways in which the gas particles can be arranged, resulting in an increase in entropy.
At constant temperature, when the stopcock between a flask containing He(g) and an evacuated flask is opened, the entropy of the particles inside the flask has increased. This is because the He(g) particles now have more available space to occupy and more possible arrangements, resulting in higher entropy.

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Calculate the pH of 3.2 × 10−3 M H2CO3 solution.
a. 4.09
b. 4.30
c. 4.44
d. 4.94
e. 5.56

Answers

The pH of 3.2 × 10−3 M H2CO3 solution is 4.44. It is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration. Option C is the correct answer.

To calculate the pH of a 3.2 × 10⁻³ M H₂CO₃ solution, we first need to determine the concentration of H⁺ ions. H₂CO₃ is a weak acid, meaning it does not completely dissociate in water. Therefore, we need to use the acid dissociation constant (Ka) for H₂CO₃, which is 4.45 × 10⁻⁷. The equilibrium equation for H₂CO₃ dissociation is:
H₂CO₃ ⇌ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻
We can set up an equilibrium expression using the Ka:

[tex]Ka=\frac{[H+][A-]}{[HA]}[/tex]
Ka = [H⁺][HCO₃⁻] / [H₂CO₃]
Since the initial concentration of H⁺ and HCO₃⁻ ions is zero, we can use the variable 'x' to represent their concentrations at equilibrium:
Ka = (x)(x) / (3.2 × 10⁻³ - x)
Now we solve for 'x':
4.45 × 10⁻⁷ = x² / (3.2 × 10⁻³ - x)
Assuming that 'x' is much smaller than 3.2 × 10⁻³, we can approximate the equation to:
4.45 × 10⁻⁷ ≈ x² / 3.2 × 10⁻³
Solving for 'x', we find the concentration of H⁺ ions:
x ≈ √(4.45 × 10⁻⁷ × 3.2 × 10⁻³) ≈ 3.77 × 10⁻⁵ M
Finally, we use the pH formula to find the pH of the solution: [tex]pH=-log[H+][/tex]

pH= -log(3.77 × 10⁻⁵) ≈ 4.44
Therefore, the pH of the 3.2 × 10⁻³ M H₂CO₃ solution is approximately 4.44 (option c).

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A physical property of a solution that depends on the concentration of solute particles present, regardless of the nature of the solute is a -----

Answers

The physical property of a solution that depends on the concentration of solute particles present, regardless of the nature of the solute is called osmotic pressure.

Osmotic pressure is a colligative property of solutions, which means it is determined solely by the number of solute particles in the solution and not by their chemical identity. Osmotic pressure is a measure of the tendency of water to flow from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

The magnitude of osmotic pressure increases with increasing concentration of solute particles and is proportional to the concentration of solute particles in the solution. Osmotic pressure has many practical applications, such as in the preservation of food, the production of purified water, and in the functioning of biological systems.

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37. Dihydrogen monoxide is the systematic name for a compound that has the common name of a. laughing gas. b. water. c. smog. d. rocket fuel.

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Dihydrogen monoxide is the systematic name for a compound that has the common name of b. water.

These systematic names, meanwhile, are not frequently used in spoken language. Instead, water is typically referred to as "water" and ammonia is typically referred to as "ammonia." Common names for these substances are more frequently used than scientific names since they are well-known and simple to remember.

But if you're studying chemistry or need to use these compounds in a scientific setting, you should be aware of their systematic names. The systematic names offer a straightforward and unambiguous method to refer to these compounds, even though they might not be as practical as the common names.

In conclusion, although not being generally used, the scientific names for water and ammonia are "dihydrogen monoxide" and "nitrogen trihydride," respectively.

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Can you form an insoluble compound with a sodium cation? Explain.

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No, we cannot form an insoluble compound with a sodium cation.

Solubility rules are a set of conditions that can be used to easily determine the possible results of a mixture between a solute and a solvent. Generally, it defines the terms by which the solution will be saturated, or whether precipitation will occur. In addition to these conditions, solubility also depends on the pressure and temperature where the mixture is formed.

Some cations and anions always form soluble salts while some have conditional solubility. One of the cations that are always soluble is sodium ion. This means that regardless of the anion, the sodium salt will always be soluble in water.

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52-3. Is demonstrated with the Turnbull blue reaction
a. Hemosiderin
b. Biliverdin
c. both
d. neither

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the correct answer to this question is (a) hemosiderin.

The Turnbull blue reaction is a diagnostic test used to detect the presence of hemosiderin, which is a type of iron storage protein found in cells of the reticuloendothelial system, such as macrophages. The test involves adding a reagent to a tissue sample that reacts with hemosiderin to produce a blue color.

Biliverdin, on the other hand, is a green pigment that is produced during the breakdown of heme molecules in red blood cells. It is eventually converted to bilirubin, which is excreted from the body in bile. Biliverdin is not directly detected with the Turnbull blue reaction.

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A cylinder equipped with a moveable piston has an applied pressure of 4.0 atm and a volume of 6.0 L. What is the volume of the cylinder if the applied pressure is decreased to 1.0 atm? Given: Pressure and Volume
Find: Final Volume (L)

Answers

A cylinder with a movable piston has a volume of 6.0 L and an applied pressure of 4.0 atm. The final volume of the cylinder when the applied pressure is decreased to 1.0 atm is 24.0 L.

To find the final volume of the cylinder when the applied pressure is decreased to 1.0 atm, we can use Boyle's Law, which states that the product of the initial pressure and volume is equal to the product of the final pressure and volume for a given amount of gas at a constant temperature.

Given:

Initial Pressure (P1) = 4.0 atm

Initial Volume (V1) = 6.0 L

Final Pressure (P2) = 1.0 atm

Find: Final Volume (V2)

Using Boyle's Law (P1V1 = P2V2), we can set up the equation: 4.0 atm * 6.0 L = 1.0 atm * V2

Now, solve for V2: (4.0 atm * 6.0 L) / 1.0 atm = V2 24.0 L = V2

So, the final volume of the cylinder when the applied pressure is decreased to 1.0 atm is 24.0 L.

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Which element will have the smallest nuclear radius? -Bismuth -Bromine -Tellurium -Selenium

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The element that will have the smallest nuclear radius among -Bismuth -Bromine -Tellurium -Selenium is Bromine.

The nuclear radius is the distance from the center of the nucleus to its outermost electron. It is determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

As we move from left to right across the periodic table, the number of protons increases and the nuclear charge increases. This causes the electrons to be pulled closer to the nucleus and results in a smaller atomic radius.

Bromine has 35 protons and 45 neutrons in its nucleus. This means that it has a larger nuclear charge than Tellurium, Selenium, and Bismuth, which all have more protons and neutrons in their nuclei. As a result, the electrons in Bromine's outermost energy level are pulled closer to the nucleus, resulting in a smaller nuclear radius.

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How many grams of KBrO3 is needed to make 250.0 mL of a 6.500 M solution?

(show all work)

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The answer is 1625 grams. To calculate the amount of KBrO3 that is needed to make a 6.500 M solution in 250.0 mL, we must first calculate the molarity of the solution. Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Since we are dealing with 250.0 mL of solution, we must first convert this to liters. This can be done by dividing 250.0 mL by 1000, which gives us 0.250 L. We can then use the equation M = n/V, where M is molarity, n is the number of moles of solute, and V is the volume of the solution. We know that the molarity of the solution is 6.500 M, so we can rearrange the equation to solve for n, the number of moles of solute.

This gives us n = M x V, or n = 6.500 x 0.250, which equals 1.625 moles of solute. To calculate the number of grams of KBrO3, we must use the equation grams = moles x molar mass. The molar mass of KBrO3 is 119.01 g/mol, so we can rearrange the equation to solve for grams. This gives us grams = moles x molar mass, or grams = 1.625 x 119.01, which equals 1625 grams of KBrO3.

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