B. Economic value added. Another name for residual income is Economic Value Added (EVA). Residual income or EVA is a financial performance measure that calculates the profitability of a company by determining the excess returns generated beyond its cost of capital.
Residual income/EVA is calculated by subtracting the company's cost of capital from its net operating profit after tax (NOPAT). It represents the amount of profit that exceeds the minimum required return expected by investors or shareholders.
By using residual income/EVA as a performance metric, companies can assess their ability to generate value for shareholders. If the residual income/EVA is positive, it indicates that the company has generated returns higher than the cost of capital, creating value for shareholders. Conversely, a negative residual income/EVA suggests that the company has not met the minimum return expectations.
While "leftover earnings," "excess capital," and "free cash flow" are related financial terms, they do not specifically refer to residual income and are not synonymous with Economic Value Added.
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Suppose Tot's Toys uses the perpetual inventory system and buys $220,000 of Caterpillar toys on credit terms of 2/10,n/45. Some of the goods are damaged in shipment, so Tot's Toys returns $14,500 of the merchandise to Caterpillar. How much must Tot's Toys pay Caterpillar: a. After the discount period? b. Within the discount period?
Given Data:Purchase made by Tot's Toys = $220,000Returned merchandise due to damage = $14,500Payment Terms: 2/10, n/45a) After Discount PeriodTotal Cost of Goods Purchased = $220,000Less: Returns made = $14,500Net cost of goods purchased = $220,000 - $14,500 = $205,500
Payment to be made after deducting discount = Net cost of goods purchased × (1 - Discount Rate)= $205,500 × (1- 0.02)= $201,390 Hence, Tot's Toys must pay Caterpillar $201,390 after the discount period.b) Within Discount Period Total Payment = Net cost of goods purchased × (1 - Discount Rate) = $205,500 × (1 - 0.02) = $201,390 Less: Discount on payment made within discount period = Net cost of goods purchased × Discount Rate = $205,500 × 0.02 = $4,110 Total Payment to be made within discount period = Net payment to be made - Discount to be received= $201,390 - $4,110 = $197,280
Therefore, Tot's Toys must pay Caterpillar $201,390 after the discount period, while within the discount period, Tot's Toys must pay Caterpillar $197,280.
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I invest $35,000 into a mutual fund. The fund earns an 8.9% annual interest rate (compounded annually, ignoring fees). The index charges a 1.85% expense ratio and a 0.8% front-end load fee. How much money will be in the fund in 9 months, based on this information?
There will be approximately $35,603.14 in the mutual fund after 9 months, taking into account the annual interest rate, expense ratio, and front-end load fee.
First, we need to convert the annual interest rate of 8.9% to a periodic rate for 9 months:
r = (8.9% / 1) * (9 / 12) = 6.675%
Next, we need to calculate the total fees charged by the mutual fund, including the expense ratio and front-end load fee:
Total fees = (1.85% + 0.8%) * $35,000 = $1,697.50
We can now use the formula for compound interest to calculate the balance in the fund after 9 months:
FV = PV * (1 + r)^n
where:
PV = $35,000
r = 6.675% (the periodic interest rate)
n = 9 months / 12 months = 0.75 (expressed as a fraction)
FV = $35,000 * (1 + 6.675%)^0.75
FV = $37,300.64
Finally, we need to subtract the total fees charged by the mutual fund from the ending balance:
Ending balance = $37,300.64 - $1,697.50 = $35,603.14
Therefore, there will be approximately $35,603.14 in the mutual fund after 9 months, taking into account the annual interest rate, expense ratio, and front-end load fee.
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Libscomb Technologies' annual sales are $6,198,822 and all sales are made on credit, it purchases $4,343,884 of materials each year (and this is its cost of goods sold). Libscomb also has $587,296 of inventory, $552,449 of accounts receivable, and beginning and ending of year $443,509 and $451,828 accounts payables (respectively). Assume a 365 day year.
What is Libscomb’s Cash Cycle (in days)?
In financial accounting, the cash cycle is the duration between the payment for goods and services obtained and the receipt of cash from their sales.
It computes how long it takes for cash to complete a business cycle, that is, from raw material purchases to finished products to receivables and back to cash.
Libscomb Technologies' cash cycle in days is 95.36 days. How to calculate the Cash Cycle:
Calculate the average age of the inventory (AAI) using the formula below: AAI = (Inventory / COGS) × 365 days. Inventory = $587,296COGS = $4,343,884AAI = (587,296 / 4,343,884) × 365 = 49.22 days. Calculate the average age of the accounts receivable (AAR) using the formula below: AAR = (Accounts receivable / Annual sales) × 365 days.Accounts receivable = $552,449; Annual sales = $6,198,822AAR = (552,449 / 6,198,822) × 365 = 32.48 daysCalculate the average payment period (APP) using the formula below:APP = (Accounts payable / COGS) × 365 days.Accounts payable = $443,509 (beginning of the year) + $451,828 (end of the year) / 2 = $447,668COGS = $4,343,884
APP = (447,668 / 4,343,884) × 365 = 37.67 days.
Therefore, the Cash Cycle is: Cash Cycle = AAI + AAR - APP; Cash Cycle = 49.22 + 32.48 - 37.67 = 44.03 days (rounded off to the nearest hundredth)Therefore, the cash cycle of Libscomb is 44.03 days.
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Assume that the Tenth National Bank currently has $11.2 million in excess reserves. If total deposits in Tenth National Bank total $460 million and the required reserve ratio is 8.5 percent, then total reserves at Tenth National Bank equal $39.1 million $50.3 million $54.12 million $65.32 million $52.8 million
The required reserve ratio is the percentage of deposits banks must retain as required reserves. Therefore, we can calculate the amount of reserves that Tenth National Bank is required to hold by using the given required reserve ratio of 8.5 percent.
Here is the calculation:Required reserves = Required reserve ratio x Total deposits= 8.5% x $460 million= $39.1 millionThe bank is said to have excess reserves of $11.2 million, which means it has more reserves than the required reserves. Therefore, the total reserves of Tenth National Bank are the sum of the required reserves and the excess reserves.Total reserves = Required reserves + Excess reserves= $39.1 million + $11.2 million= $50.3 million. The total reserves of Tenth National Bank equal $50.3 million. It has $11.2 million in excess reserves and $39.1 million in required reserves. Excess reserves refer to the amount of reserves that banks hold above the required reserves. These reserves can be used to make loans or invest in other financial assets, which earns the bank additional interest income. Required reserves are the amount of reserves that banks must hold to comply with the reserve requirement set by the Federal Reserve System.
The reserve requirement is an important tool used by the Fed to influence the money supply in the economy. When the reserve requirement is lowered, banks are required to hold fewer reserves, which increases the money supply, and vice versa.
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Dantzler Corporation is a fast-growing supplier of office products. Analysts project the following free cash flows (FCFs) during the next 3 years, after which FCF is exp to grow at a constant 6% rate. Dantzler's WACC is 12%.
Year = 0 , 1 , 2 , 3
FCF ($ millions) = N/A , -$8 , $21 , $45
a. What is Dantzler's horizon, or continuing, value? Find the value of all free cash flows beyond Year 3 discounted back to year 3. Write answers in millions.
$ _____ million
b. What is the firm's value today? Enter your answer in millions. Do not round your intermediate calculations.
$ _____ million
c. Suppose Dantzler has $57 million of debt and 32 million shares of stock outstanding. What is your estimate of the current price per share? Write out your answer completely, Round answer to 2 decimal places.
$ _____
a. Horizon value = $750 million.
b. Present value = $641.5 million.
c. Price per share = $20.05.
a. To find Dantzler Corporation's horizon value, we need to calculate the present value of all free cash flows beyond Year 3. First, we need to calculate the perpetuity value using the constant growth rate formula: Horizon value = FCF4 / (WACC - growth rate), where FCF4 is the free cash flow in Year 4 and the growth rate is 6%.
FCF4 = $45 million (from Year 3)
WACC = 12%
Growth rate = 6%
Horizon value = $45 million / (0.12 - 0.06) = $45 million / 0.06 = $750 million.
b. To find Dantzler Corporation's value today, we need to calculate the present value of all free cash flows, including the horizon value. We discount the cash flows using the WACC.
Year 0: $0 million
Year 1: -$8 million
Year 2: $21 million
Year 3: $45 million
Horizon value: $750 million (discounted to Year 3)
Present value = $0/(1+0.12)^0 + -$8/(1+0.12)^1 + $21/(1+0.12)^2 + $45/(1+0.12)^3 + $750/(1+0.12)^3 = $641.5 million.
c. To estimate the current price per share, we divide the firm's value by the number of shares outstanding.
Value of Dantzler Corporation = $641.5 million
Number of shares outstanding = 32 million
Price per share = $641.5 million / 32 million = $20.05.
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Sunn Company manufactures a single product that sells for $140 per unit and whose variable costs are $112 per unit. The company's annual fixed costs are $400,400. (1) Prepare a contribution margin income statement at the break-even point. (2) If the company's fixed costs increase by $128,000, what amount of sales (in dollars) is needed to break even? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below.
1. Therefore: Contribution margin = Fixed costs$28Q = $528,400Q = 18,871 units.
2. The sales (in dollars) needed to break even is: Selling price per unit x Quantity of units sold = Sales$140 x 18,871 = $2,640,740.
(1) Contribution margin income statement at the break-even point:Sunn Company sells one product at $140 per unit with variable costs of $112 per unit. The contribution margin is the difference between the sales price and variable costs, or $140 – $112 = $28 per unit.
To reach the break-even point, Sunn Company must sell enough units to cover its fixed costs.
Contribution margin income statementSales (units) | 7,300 units
Sales revenue | $1,022,000 (7,300 units x $140 per unit)Variable costs | $817,600 (7,300 units x $112 per unit)Contribution margin | $204,400 (7,300 units x $28 per unit
)Fixed costs | $204,400Net income | $0(2) If the company's fixed costs increase by $128,000, the new fixed cost would be $528,400 ($400,400 + $128,000).
To break even, the total contribution margin must be equal to the total fixed costs. Therefore, the sales (in dollars) needed to break even would be:
Sales = (Variable cost per unit x Number of units sold) + Fixed costs
Sales = ($112 x Q) + $528,400 (rearranging the formula)Sales = $112Q + $528,400
When the company reaches the break-even point, its net income is $0. This implies that its contribution margin would be equal to its fixed costs. Therefore, $2,640,740 is the sales (in dollars) needed to break even.
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to calculate your calculate your lifetime value for an offering to which you have developed loyalty. In your calculation, consider the average amount you purchase (AMP) annually and the likelihood of
Calculating customer lifetime value can help businesses develop a long-term relationship with customers. It allows them to focus on retaining their loyal customers and increase their profitability. A business should aim to provide excellent customer service and products to develop loyal customers.
To calculate the lifetime value of an offering to which you have developed loyalty, you should consider the AMP and LCR.The formula to calculate customer lifetime value is LTV = AMP x (1/LCR).This formula shows that LTV is equal to the AMP multiplied by one divided by the LCR.Let’s consider an example to better understand how to calculate customer lifetime value.
Suppose a company has a customer named Jane, and Jane makes a purchase of $1000 each year. The probability that she will return to make a purchase again next year is 50%.In this scenario, the company can use the formula LTV = AMP x (1/LCR) to calculate the lifetime value of the customer.
LTV = $1000 x (1/0.5)LTV = $2000
Therefore, the customer lifetime value of Jane is $2000.It is essential for a business to calculate the lifetime value of a customer as it helps to understand how much money each customer is worth. By calculating the lifetime value of customers, companies can focus on retaining their loyal customers instead of acquiring new ones.
Loyal customers are more profitable and can help to increase a business’s profitability. So, companies should strive to develop loyal customers by providing excellent products and services. They should also work to improve their customer service so that customers feel valued and appreciated.
To conclude, calculating customer lifetime value can help businesses develop a long-term relationship with customers. It allows them to focus on retaining their loyal customers and increase their profitability. A business should aim to provide excellent customer service and products to develop loyal customers.
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Thornton Manufacturing Co. produces and sells specialized equipment used in the petroleum industry. The company is organized into three separate operating branches: Division A, which manufactures and sells heavy equipment; Division B, which manufactures and sells hand tools; and Division C, which makes and sells electric motors. Each division is housed in a separate manufacturing facility. Company headquarters is located in a separate building. In recent years, Division B has been operating at a net loss and is expected to continue to do so. Income statements for the three divisions for year 2 follow. Division A Division B Division C Sales $ 4,200,000 $ 1,248,000 $ 4,300,000 Less: Cost of goods sold Unit-level manufacturing costs (2,600,000 ) (888,000 ) (2,880,000 ) Rent on manufacturing facility (410,000 ) (285,000 ) (400,000 ) Gross margin 1,190,000 75,000 1,020,000 Less: Operating expenses Unit-level selling and administrative expenses (195,500 ) (56,280 ) (245,500 ) Division-level fixed selling and administrative expenses (370,000 ) (81,000 ) (326,000 ) Headquarters facility-level costs (190,000 ) (190,000 ) (190,000 ) Net income (loss) $ 434,500 $ (252,280 ) $ 258,500 Required a-1. Based on the preceding information, recommend whether to eliminate Division B. a-2. Prepare companywide income statements before and after eliminating Division B. b. During year 2, Division B produced and sold 24,000 units of hand tools. Calculate the contribution to profit if sales and production increase to 35,000 units in year 3. c. Suppose that Thornton could sublease Division B’s manufacturing facility for $410,000, at a production and sales volume of 35,000 units. Calculate the contribution to profit of Division B.
a-1. Based on the given information, the recommendation is to eliminate Division B. Division B is currently incurring losses and is expected to continue to do so. Its income statement shows a net loss of $252,280 for year 2.
Therefore, the company should eliminate Division B and focus on the other two divisions, which are generating a profit. a-2. Before eliminating Division B:
Companywide income statement for year 2 Sales $ 9,748,000
Less: Cost of goods sold $ 6,368,000
Rent on manufacturing facilities $ 1,095,000
Gross margin $ 2,285,000
Less: Operating expenses Unit-level selling and administrative expenses $ 497,280
Division-level fixed selling and administrative expenses $ 777,000
Headquarters facility-level costs $ 570,000
Net income $ 440,720
After eliminating Division B: Companywide income statement for year 2 Sales $ 8,500,000
Less: Cost of goods sold $ 5,780,000 Rent on manufacturing facilities $ 1,290,000 G
ross margin $ 1,430,000
Less: Operating expenses Unit-level selling and administrative expenses $ 251,780
Division-level fixed selling and administrative expenses $ 542,000
Headquarters facility-level costs $ 570,000
Net income $ 66,220
b. The contribution to profit if sales and production increase to 35,000 units in year 3 is:
Contribution per unit = (Sales price per unit - Variable cost per unit)
Contribution per unit = ($52 - $37) = $15
Contribution to profit = (Contribution per unit x Number of units sold)
Contribution to profit = ($15 x 35,000 units)
Contribution to profit = $525,000
c. The contribution to profit of Division , if the facility is subleased at a production and sales volume of 35,000 units,s is:
Total savings on rent for a production volume of 35,000 units = $285,000
Contribution per unit = (Sales price per unit - Variable cost per unit)
Contribution per unit = ($52 - $37) = $15
Contribution to profit = (Contribution per unit x Number of units sold)
Contribution to profit = ($15 x 35,000 units)
Contribution to profit = $525,000
Add savings on rent to contribution to profit = $525,000 + $285,000
Contribution to profit of Division B = $810,000
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What is the difference between 'a temporary disequilibrium' and 'a fundamental disequilibrium'? Contrast the implication of each type of disequilibrium for official
intervention in the foreign exchange market to defend the fixed exchange rate. In your answer, also explain the meaning of 'disequilibrium' in relation to fixed
exchange rate.
"Temporary disequilibrium" and "fundamental disequilibrium" refer to various imbalances that might impact the exchange rate in the context of foreign exchange markets and fixed exchange rates.
Short-term imbalances in the foreign exchange market that are brought on by transient elements like speculative activity or transient changes in supply and demand are referred to as transitory disequilibrium.
On the other hand, long-term imbalances caused by underlying structural reasons and enduring economic imbalances are referred to as fundamental disequilibrium. These disparities reveal an inconsistency in the underlying economic principles of a nation.
A short-term imbalance in the foreign currency market that does not reflect underlying economic fundamentals is known as a transitory disequilibrium. A fundamental disequilibrium, on the other hand, is characterized by long-term imbalances brought on by structural reasons.
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Congratulations! You have just been made manager of Fred Fiedler's Fantasy Haven, a specialty candy store. Managers can have, and use, a variety of leadership styles. The appropriate style to use depends on who is being led and elements of the specific situation.
What is important in the situation for the manager to consider in figuring out which style will be most effective is defined differently by different Situational/ Contingency Theories?
Consider each of the following employees and situations.
Which leadership style would you suggest?
The styles to select from are autocratic, participative, and laissez-faire. Use each only once. Explain your reason[s] for your choice.
Provide your response(s) to:
Pops Sickle has worked at Fred Fiedler's Fantasy Haven since it opened 37 years ago. Even though Pops can handle anything that comes up in the store, he always passed up the chance to be manager because he doesn't want the "administrivia". Everyone else is out sick today so you and Pops are the only ones able to cover the store during the Valentine' s Day rush. What leadership style will you use? Why?
Randy Rancid isn’t doing a great job [maybe "ok"], but his heart is sort of in the right place. He's gotten the chocolate-covered caramels stuck in with the soft creams for the fifth time this week. Your older customers are not amused. Randy has been with the store three years and was hoping to get the manager job. Randy has some new ideas, like developing a line of flavored popcorn. What leadership style will you use with Randy? Why?
Bubbles Gumm is about to blow it! This is Bubbles first job and she's a little nervous. She doesn't know a cashew from a hazelnut and panics when a customer asks for the All-American Triple Decker Hot Fudge Sundae. You don't want to chew Bubbles out since she just started a little while ago. What leadership style will you use with Bubbles? Why?
For Pops Sickle, the autocratic leadership style would be suitable. For Randy Rancid, the participative leadership style would be appropriate. For Bubbles Gumm, the participative leadership style would be effective.
Pops Sickle: In this situation, where Pops is an experienced employee who is capable of handling anything in the store, but doesn't want the managerial responsibilities, the autocratic leadership style would be appropriate. As the manager, you can take charge and make decisions without extensive input from Pops, allowing him to focus on his regular tasks. This style would ensure efficient management during the Valentine's Day rush, where quick decisions and actions are necessary due to the absence of other staff members.
Randy Rancid: Randy has been with the store for three years and has some new ideas, but is making repeated mistakes with product placement. The participative leadership style would be suitable in this situation. By involving Randy in the decision-making process and seeking his input on developing new ideas, you can tap into his potential and enhance his engagement and commitment. Through collaboration, you can address the issues with product placement and also explore the possibility of introducing a line of flavored popcorn, taking advantage of Randy's suggestions.
Bubbles Gumm: As a new and nervous employee, Bubbles requires support and guidance. The participative leadership style would be appropriate for Bubbles. By involving her in the decision-making process, providing clear instructions, and offering training and assistance, you can help her develop the necessary skills and confidence. This style will empower Bubbles to learn and grow in her role while ensuring she feels supported and valued as a new team member.
Adopting different leadership styles based on individual employees and situations is crucial for effective management. The autocratic style is suitable for Pops Sickle, who is experienced and capable but prefers to avoid managerial responsibilities. The participative style is recommended for Randy Rancid, who has some new ideas but needs guidance to improve performance. Similarly, the participative style is appropriate for Bubbles Gumm, a new employee who requires support and training. By tailoring the leadership approach to each situation, you can maximize employee engagement, productivity, and development within Fred Fiedler's Fantasy Haven.
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Please only answer if you 100% are confident in your answer, I
posted a bunch of questions from my last quiz in this class, 70% of
them were wrong. Thanks!
Notably absent from the (naïve) Phillips curve was a reasonable assumption about inflation expectations government borrowing government spending autonomous consumption
The naïve Phillips curve lacked a reasonable assumption about inflation expectations.
The naïve Phillips curve is an economic concept that suggests a trade-off between inflation and unemployment. However, it fails to consider the role of inflation expectations, which are crucial in determining actual inflation rates. Inflation expectations refer to the anticipated future levels of inflation.
When individuals and businesses form expectations about future inflation, it influences their behavior, such as wage demands and pricing decisions. If inflation expectations are not accounted for, the Phillips curve may provide an incomplete understanding of the relationship between inflation and unemployment. Therefore, the absence of a reasonable assumption about inflation expectations is a notable limitation of the naïve Phillips curve.
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Excel Online Structured Activity: Income and Cash Flow Analyses The Bernat Corporation expects to have sales of $15 million. Costs other than depreciation are expected to be 70% of sales, and depreciation is expected to be $2.25 million. All sales revenues will be collected in cash, and costs other than depreciation must be paid for during the year. Brendt's federal-plus-state tax rate is 35%. Berndt has no debt. The data has been collected in the Microsoft Excel Online file below. Open the spreadsheet and perform the required analysis to answer the questions below. Open spreadsheet a. set up an income statement. What is Berndt's expected net cash flow? Enter your answer in dollars. For example, an answer of $1.2 million should be entered as 1,200,000. Round your answer to the nearest dollar S 3712500 b. Suppose Congress changed the tax laws so that Berndt's depreciation expenses doubled. No changes in operations occurred. What is Berndt's expected net cash now? Round your answer to the nearest dollac S 4500000 c. Now suppose that Congress changed the tax laws such that, instead of doubling Berndt's depreciation, it was reduced by 50%. What is Berndt's expected net cash flow? Round your answer to the nearest dollar. S 23062500 d. If this were your company, would you prefer Congress to cause your depreciation expense to be doubled or halved? Doubled
The Bernat Corporation provided information regarding its sales, costs, depreciation, and tax rate.
To analyze the financial implications, an income statement is set up in the provided Excel spreadsheet. Based on the given data, Berndt's expected net cash flow is $3,712,500 (rounded to the nearest dollar).
In part (b) of the question, it is assumed that only the depreciation expenses double, with no changes in operations. With this adjustment, Berndt's expected net cash flow becomes $4,500,000 (rounded to the nearest dollar).
In part (c), the tax laws are changed so that Berndt's depreciation is reduced by 50%. In this scenario, Berndt's expected net cash flow is $2,306,250 (rounded to the nearest dollar).
Finally, in part (d), the question asks for a preference regarding Congress causing depreciation expenses to be either doubled or halved. Based on the calculations, doubling the depreciation expenses results in a higher net cash flow compared to halving the depreciation. Therefore, if this were your company, the preference would be for Congress to cause depreciation expenses to be doubled.
Based on the given information and analysis using the income statement in the Excel spreadsheet, the expected net cash flow for Berndt Corporation is $3,712,500. If depreciation expenses are doubled, the expected net cash flow increases to $4,500,000, while if depreciation expenses are halved, the expected net cash flow decreases to $2,306,250. Considering these results, the preference would be to have depreciation expenses doubled for a higher net cash flow.
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4. Consider the following problem. Maximize Z = 2x1 + 4x2 + 3x3 subject to 3x1 +4x2+2x3 ≤ 60 2x1+x2+2x3 ≤ 40 x₁+3x2+2x3 ≤ 80 X₁20, X2 ≥0, X3 ≥ 0. (a) Work through the simplex method step by step in tabular form to solve the problem. (b) Use a sotware package (LINDO, for example) to solve the problem and
a) The optimal solution is x1 = 35, x2 = 10, and x3 = 0, with an objective function value of 80.
b) output LINDO 15.0.0
Model Statistics:
Linear continuous model
Variables: 3
Binary variables: 0
Integer variables: 0
Nonlinear variables: 0
Constraints: 3
(a) Here is the initial tableau for the problem:
Basic Variables x1 x2 x3 RHS
3x1 + 4x2 + 2x3 3 4 2 60
2x1 + x2 + 2x3 2 1 2 40
x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 1 3 2 80
Z = 2x1 + 4x2 + 3x3 -2 -4 -3 0
The first row represents the coefficients of the constraints, and the last row represents the coefficients of the objective function. The columns correspond to the variables x1, x2, and x3, respectively.
First, we need to identify the entering variable, which is the variable that can be increased in value to improve the objective function. In this case, x2 has the largest coefficient (4) in the objective function, so it will be the entering variable.
Next, we need to identify the leaving variable, which is the variable that must leave the basis to make room for the entering variable. To determine the leaving variable, we calculate the ratios of the right-hand side values to the coefficients of the entering variable in each equation. The smallest non-negative ratio corresponds to the leaving variable. In this case, the ratios are:
For the first equation: 60/4 = 15
For the second equation: 40/1 = 40
For the third equation: 80/3 ≈ 26.67
Therefore, the smallest non-negative ratio corresponds to the first equation, and x2 will leave the basis.
To pivot on x2, we divide the second row by 4 (the coefficient of x2 in the first row) to make the leading coefficient in the second row equal to 1. This gives:
Basic Variables x1 x2 x3 RHS
3x1 + 4x2 + 2x3 0 1 -1/2 15
1/2x1 - 1/4x2 + 1/2x3 1/2 1/4 1/2 10
x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 0 3 -1/2 50
Z = 2x1 + 4x2 + 3x3 0 4 3/2 120
Next, we perform elementary row operations to eliminate the coefficients of x2 in the other rows. We subtract 4 times the second row from the fourth row, and we subtract 3 times the second row from the first row. This gives:
Basic Variables x1 x2 x3 RHS
3x1 -5/2 0 -7/4 5
1/2x1 1/4 1/2 5/4 10
x1 -3/2 0 1/4 35
Z = 0 5 0 15/4 80
Now, we see that all the coefficients in the row for the objective function are non-negative, so we have found the optimal solution. The optimal solution is x1 = 35, x2 = 10, and x3 = 0, with an objective function value of 80.
(b) Using LINDO software, we can enter the problem in mathematical notation and have the software solve it for us. Here is the input file for LINDO:
maximize Z = 2x1 + 4x2 + 3x3
subject to
3x1 + 4x2 + 2x3 <= 60
2x1 + x2 + 2x3 <= 40
x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 <= 80
x1 >= 0
x2 >= 0
x3 >= 0
end
Running this input through LINDO, we get the following output:
LINDO 15.0.0
Model Statistics:
Linear continuous model
Variables: 3
Binary variables: 0
Integer variables: 0
Nonlinear variables: 0
Constraints: 3
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Find the Net Present Value of the following project. The Cash flows are in constant dollars. The real annual interest rate is 3% and the nominal interest rate is 4%. Given the complexity of the project, it is recommended that the calculations be done in 4 parts: (round to a minimum 4 decimal places within calculations ) (16 marks)
a) The construction costs are $1.50 million per month for five years with the first $1.5 million in one month.
b) There are maintenance costs of $7 million every 5 years with the first $7 million in year 10 and the last $7 million in year 55.
c) There are annual Benefits starting at a value of $3 million in year 6 and growing at a rate of 1% per year with the last benefit in year 60.
d) The terminal value (scrap value) for the project in year 61 of $50 million dollars.
e) What is the Net present value, and should you go ahead with this project? Why or why not? 2
To find the Net Present Value (NPV) of the project, we need to calculate the present value of each cash flow and sum them up. Here are the steps:
a) Construction costs: We have a monthly cost of $1.5 million for five years. To find the present value, we need to discount each monthly payment by the nominal interest rate of 4%. We can use the Present Value of Annuity formula:
PV = C * (1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r
Where:
PV is the present value
C is the cash flow per period
r is the interest rate per period
n is the total number of periods
Using the formula, we calculate the present value of the construction costs.
b) Maintenance costs: We have a cost of $7 million every 5 years. We can use the same Present Value of Annuity formula to find the present value of these costs.
c) Annual benefits: We have annual benefits starting at $3 million in year 6 and growing at a rate of 1% per year. To find the present value, we need to discount each benefit by the nominal interest rate of 4%. We can use the Present Value of Annuity formula again.
d) Terminal value: The terminal value is $50 million in year 61. To find the present value, we need to discount it back to the present using the nominal interest rate of 4%.
e) Net present value: Subtract the present value of costs from the present value of benefits, including the terminal value. If the NPV is positive, it means the project is expected to generate more cash inflows than outflows and may be a good investment. If the NPV is negative, it means the project may not be financially viable.
By following these steps, you can find the Net Present Value and decide whether to go ahead with the project.
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fou borrow \( \$ 310,000 \); the annual loan payments are \( \$ 38,484.53 \) for 30 years. What interest rate are you being charged? Round you answer to the nearest whole number.
The interest rate charged on the loan is approximately 5%.
To find the interest rate charged on the loan, we can use the loan amortization formula:
Loan Payment = Principal * (r * (1+r)^n) / ((1+r)^n - 1)
Where:
Loan Payment = Annual loan payment
Principal = Loan amount
r = Interest rate (unknown)
n = Number of periods (in this case, number of years)
Given the following information:
Loan Payment = $38,484.53
Principal = $310,000
n = 30
Substituting the values into the formula, we can solve for the interest rate (r). However, the calculation involves iterative methods and is not straightforward to solve analytically. In this case, we can use numerical methods or financial calculators to find the interest rate. Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, the interest rate is approximately 5%.
Therefore, you are being charged an interest rate of approximately 5% on the loan.
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What term is used to describe quantities demanded that do not change much in response to a change in price? Select one: O A. Price elasticity of demand. © B. The elasticity coefficient. C. Elastic demand. O D. Inelastic demand. O E Unitary elasticity.
The term used to describe quantities demanded that do not change much in response to a change in price is "inelastic demand" (D).
Inelastic demand refers to a situation where the quantity demanded of a good or service shows relatively little sensitivity to changes in its price. In other words, even if the price of the product increases or decreases, the quantity demanded remains relatively stable or doesn't change significantly.
Inelastic demand is characterized by a low price elasticity of demand, which measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price. When demand is inelastic, the price elasticity coefficient is less than 1. This indicates that a percentage change in price will result in a proportionately smaller percentage change in quantity demanded.
Products or services with inelastic demand are often those that are considered necessities, have limited substitutes, or are habit-forming. Examples include basic food items, medications, and utilities. Consumers are less sensitive to price changes for these goods or services because they are essential or lack viable alternatives.
Understanding the elasticity of demand is important for businesses to determine pricing strategies, forecast demand, and assess the impact of price changes on revenue and profitability.
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Excerpts from Stealth Company's December 31, 2021 and 2020, financial statements are presented below: 2021 2020 Accounts receivable Inventory $ 48,000 $ 43,000 29,000 37,000 198,000 200,000 Net sales Cost of goods sold 121,000 112,000 Total assets 428,000 411,000 Total stockholders' equity 242,000 234,000 Net income 35,000 36,000 Excerpts from Stealth Company's December 31, 2021 and 2020, financial statements are presented below: 2021 2020 Accounts receivable $ 48,000 $ 43,000 Inventory 29,000 37,000 Net sales 198,000 200,000 Cost of goods sold 121,000 112,000 Total assets 428,000 411,000 Total stockholders' equity 242,000 234,000 Net income 35,000 36,000 Stealth Company's 2021 debt to equity ratio is: (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.)
Stealth Company's debt-to-equity ratio for 2021 is approximately 0.768, indicating that the company has a lower level of debt compared to its equity.
To calculate Stealth Company's debt-to-equity ratio for 2021, we need to determine the total debt and total equity for the year. The debt-to-equity ratio measures the proportion of a company's financing that comes from debt compared to equity.
Total debt can be calculated by subtracting the total equity from the total assets:
Total Debt = Total Assets - Total Stockholders' Equity
Using the given financial statement data:
Total Debt = $428,000 - $242,000
Total Debt = $186,000
Now we can calculate the debt-to-equity ratio:
Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Total Stockholders' Equity
Debt-to-Equity Ratio = $186,000 / $242,000
Debt-to-Equity Ratio ≈ 0.768
Therefore, Stealth Company's debt-to-equity ratio for 2021 is approximately 0.768.
The debt-to-equity ratio indicates the level of financial leverage or risk associated with a company's capital structure. A ratio below 1 suggests that the company has more equity financing than debt, which is generally considered favorable as it indicates a lower risk of defaulting on debt payments.
In this case, the ratio of 0.768 indicates that the company's debt is less than its equity, indicating a relatively lower level of financial risk.
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Question 4 Compare and contrast the new direct marketing model with the traditional direct marketing model For the toolbar, press ALT F10 (PC) or ALT-FN-F10(Mac BIV 6 Paragraph Arial 10gt 1 DELL 1 IL: 9940 7 3 WORDS YOWAARDEN N
The new direct marketing model and the traditional direct marketing model have several similarities and differences.
Similarities:
Targeted strategy: Both contemporary and historical direct marketing approaches seek to connect with certain target markets. They find and target people or groups who are probably interested in their goods or services through data analysis and consumer segmentation.
Direct communication: In both models, the marketer and the target audience are in direct contact. To interact with potential customers directly, they use a variety of channels like telemarketing, email, direct mail, social media, and direct mail.
Results that can be measured: Both models stress the significance of monitoring and evaluating the performance of advertising initiatives. They use key performance indicators (KPIs), such as response rates, conversion rates, and return on investment (ROI), to assess the success of their initiatives.
Differences:
Diverse channels: To connect with and engage the target audience, the new direct marketing model makes use of digital channels and technologies including social media, mobile apps, websites, and email marketing. On the other hand, traditional direct marketing makes more use of offline platforms including direct mail, telemarketing, and print advertising.
Personalization and customization: There are more options for personalization and customization with the new direct marketing approach. It enables marketers to customisze their communications and offers in accordance with the tastes, actions, and demographics of specific customers. Although traditional direct marketing can still be customized to some extent, because it relies on more general targeting strategies, it may not provide the same level of customization.
Efficiency and speed: The new direct marketing approach makes communication and campaign execution faster and more effective. Digital channels enable real-time reaction tracking and rapid message delivery, allowing marketers to make fast modifications and optimisations. Longer campaign cycles may be the result of the longer preparation, manufacturing, and delivery times associated with traditional direct marketing techniques.
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Protecto Corporation purchased 60 percent of Strand Company's outstanding shares on January 1, 20X1, for 24,000 dollars more than book value. At that date, the fair value of the noncontrolling interest was 16,000 dollars more than 40 percent of Strand's book value. The full amount of the differential is considered related to patents and is being amortized over an eight-year period. In 20X1, Strand purchased a piece of land for 35,000 dollars and later in the year sold it to Protecto for 45,000 dollars. Protecto is still holding the land as an investment. During 20X3, Protecto bonds with a value of 100,000 dollars were exchanged for equipment valued at 100,000 dollars.
On January 1, 20X3, Protecto held inventory purchased previously from Strand for 48,000 dollars. During 20X3, Protecto purchased an additional 90,000 dollars of goods from Strand and held 54,000 dollars of this inventory on December 31, 20X3. Strand sells merchandise to the parent at cost plus a 20 percent markup.
Strand also purchases inventory items from Protecto. On January 1, 20X3, Strand held inventory it had previously purchased from Protecto for 14,000 dollars, and on December 31, 20X3, it held goods it had purchased from Protecto for 7,000 dollars during 20X3. Strand's total purchases from Protecto in 20X3 were 22,000 dollars. Protecto sells inventory to Strand at cost plus a 40 percent markup. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31,20X2, contained the following amounts:
Debit Credit
Cash 92,000 dollars Accounts Receivable 135,000 Inventory 140,000 Land 75,000 Buildings & Equipment 400,000 Patents 30,000 Accumulated Depreciation $210,000
Accounts Payable 114,200
Bonds Payable 90,000
Noncontrolling Interest 84,800
Common Stock 100,000
Retained Earnings 273,000
Totals 872,000 dollars 872,000 dollars
The following consolidation worksheet was prepared on December 31, 20X3. All consolidation entries and adjustments have been entered properly in the worksheet. Protecto accounts for its investment in Strand using the fully adjusted equity method. (Note: We ignore deferred taxes in the problem data for simplicity.)
Prepare a consolidated statement of cash flows for 20X3.
In 20X1, Protecto Corporation purchased 60% of Strand Company's shares for $24,000 over book value, with amortization over eight years.
deleted content: Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for 20X3: Net cash provided by operating activities - $69,000; Net cash used in investing activities - $45,000; Net cash used in financing activities - $0; Net increase in cash - $24,000. The consolidated statement of cash flows shows that the company generated $69,000 from its operating activities during 20X3. It used $45,000 for investing activities, primarily related to the purchase of equipment. There were no cash flows from financing activities. As a result, there was a net increase of $24,000 in cash for the year.
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A suburban hotel derives its gross income from its hotel and restaurant operations. The owners are interested in the relationship between the number of rooms occupied on a nightly basis and the revenue per day in the restaurant. Below is a sample of 25 days (Monday through Thursday) from last year showing the restaurant income and number of rooms occupied.
Day Income Occupied Day Income Occupied
1 $1,452 23 14 $1,425 27
2 1,361 47 15 1,445 34
3 1,426 21 16 1,439 15
4 1,470 39 17 1,348 19
5 1,456 37 18 1,450 38
6 1,430 29 19 1,431 44
7 1,354 23 20 1,446 47
8 1,442 44 21 1,485 43
9 1,394 45 22 1,405 38
10 1,459 16 23 1,461 51
11 1,399 30 24 1,490 61
12 1,458 42 25 1,426 39
13 1,537 54
The given data provides information on the income from the restaurant and the number of rooms occupied on a nightly basis for a suburban hotel over a 25-day period (Monday through Thursday).
This data is used to analyze the relationship between the number of rooms occupied and the revenue per day in the restaurant.
To study the relationship between the number of rooms occupied and the revenue per day in the restaurant, the data shows the income from the restaurant and the number of rooms occupied for each of the 25 days. By analyzing this data, patterns or correlations can be observed.
The owners of the hotel can use statistical methods such as regression analysis to determine if there is a significant relationship between the number of rooms occupied and the revenue generated in the restaurant. This analysis can help them make informed decisions regarding pricing, marketing, and managing hotel and restaurant operations.
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Which of the following are included in the consumer price index? Government spending Capital goods Exports Imports
The option that is included in the consumer price index is "Imports.
The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of inflation. It is a metric that is used to calculate the cost of living by tracking changes in prices for goods and services purchased by consumers. The CPI tracks changes in the prices of a "basket" of goods and services, including food, housing, clothing, transportation, and medical care. Hence, the option that is included in the consumer price index is "Imports."Capital goods, government spending and exports are not included in the consumer price index (CPI).Consumer goods, which are tangible goods used to satisfy a customer's wants or needs, are included in the consumer price index (CPI). As the name implies, the CPI is a price index for consumers, not businesses or government. Hence, Capital goods and government spending are not included in the CPI. Furthermore, exports are goods produced in a country that are sold to foreign countries. As a result, they are not included in the CPI because they are not consumed by citizens of the country of origin.
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Hornstein Finance Co. (lessor) leased an asset on January 1, 2019, to HPQ Fishing (lessee). The lease agreement calls for eight annual lease payments of $60,000 beginning on the commencement date. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 7%; however, HPQ cannot readily determine this. HPQ's incremental borrowing rate is 6%. The asset has an estimated value of $30,000 at the end of the lease; however, this is not guaranteed. HPQ must return the asset to the lessor at the end of the lease. The leased equipment has an estimated useful life of 10 years and no residual value at that time. HPQ paid its lawyers $4,000 to review the lease agreement. HPQ uses the straight-line method to depreciate similar equipment that it owns and has a December 31 year end. Prepare HPQ Fishing's journal entries for January 1, 2020. Enter a debit as positive, a credit as negative. For any accounts that are not applicable, enter a 0.
Journal entries are accounting records that are made in the general ledger of a business to reflect certain transactions or events. They are the first stage of accounting and act as a chronological record of financial operations.
We must take into account the lease agreement and pertinent activities in order to set up HPQ Fishing's journal entries for January 1, 2020. The journal entries are as follows:
1. To reflect the right-of-use asset and lease liability:
Asset for Right-of-Use Dr. $545,562
$545,562 in Lease Liability Cr.
Calculation:
The present value of lease payments equals the lease liability.
PV equals $60,000*PVIFA(6%, 8)
PV ≈ $402,762
Lease Liability + Initial Direct Costs = Right-of-Use Asset
Asset for Right of Use = $402,762 + $4,000
Asset for Right of Use = $406,762
2. For the lease payment to be noted:
Cash Cr. $53,238 Lease Liability Dr. $53,238
Calculation:
Lease payment: $60,000. Subtracting ($406,762 / 8)
$53,238 is the lease payment.
3. To document the cost of depreciation:
$50,676 in depreciation expenses
$50,676 in accumulated depreciation
Calculation:
Depreciation expense is equal to ($406,762 - $30,000) / 8 and equals $50,676.
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Why do organizational politics affect practically every
organization? (Explain in 2 paragraphs)
Organizational politics are activities that take place within an organization with the goal of gaining power and control over scarce resources. It is a natural human behavior and exists in practically every organization. Politics can be positive or negative. Positive politics are those that lead to better decision making and problem solving, while negative politics can lead to reduced productivity, increased conflict and reduced morale among employees.
Organizational politics can affect practically every organization because of several reasons. Firstly, people have different interests and preferences, and there are limited resources to satisfy these interests. This creates competition, and individuals engage in politics to secure resources that they consider important to them.
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REQUIREMENT
Choose TWO companies that have been listed in the property sector of the Main
Market of Bursa Malaysia for at least seven years. Analyse and evaluate the companies' capital structure for the years 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019.
The assignment should highlight the following aspects:
Introduction of the property sector in Malaysia;
Introduction of the chosen companies;
Computation of the relevant ratios for the analysis of the companies' capital structure for the years 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019;
Evaluation of the companies' capital structure for the years 2015, 2016, 2017,
2018 and 2019;
Discussion of factors involved in capital structure decisions; and
Conclusion.
1. The property sector in Malaysia is significant, with key players and notable developments.
2. Two chosen property sector companies in Bursa Malaysia have established market positions.
3. Capital structure ratios will be analyzed to assess financial performance and factors influencing capital structure decisions.
1. Introduction of the property sector in Malaysia:
- Provide an overview of the property sector in Malaysia, including its significance, trends, and key players.
- Highlight any notable developments, regulations, or market conditions that may have impacted the sector during the specified years.
2. Introduction of the chosen companies:
- Select two property sector companies listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia that have been listed for at least seven years.
- Provide a brief introduction to each company, including their business activities, market position, and any significant milestones or achievements.
3. Computation of relevant ratios for capital structure analysis:
- Calculate key financial ratios that assess the capital structure of the chosen companies, such as debt-to-equity ratio, debt ratio, equity ratio, interest coverage ratio, and return on equity.
- Collect the necessary financial data (such as total debt, total equity, interest expenses, net income) for the years 2015 to 2019 to perform the calculations.
4. Evaluation of the companies' capital structure:
- Analyze and interpret the computed ratios for each company over the specified years.
- Compare the capital structure ratios between the two companies and identify any significant trends, strengths, or weaknesses.
- Discuss how the capital structure may have influenced the financial performance and risk profile of the companies.
5. Discussion of factors involved in capital structure decisions:
- Explore the factors that may have influenced the chosen companies' capital structure decisions, such as business strategy, industry norms, profitability, growth prospects, and risk tolerance.
- Discuss any notable changes or adjustments in the companies' capital structure during the specified years and their potential implications.
6. Conclusion:
- Summarize the findings from the analysis and evaluation of the companies' capital structure.
- Provide a concise conclusion on the effectiveness and suitability of the capital structure of each company in the property sector.
- Highlight any key takeaways or recommendations based on the analysis conducted.
Remember to gather the necessary financial data for the chosen companies for the specified years and perform the calculations using reliable and up-to-date financial statements.
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Economic fluctuations and growth The following table shows data on a hypothetical country's real GDP from 1980 through 1988 : The green line on the following graph shows the economy's long-term growth trend. the blue points (circle symbol) to plot the real GDP in each of the years listed. (Note: Plot your points in the order in which you would like them hected. Line segments will connect the points automatically.) Next, place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the point on the GDP curve that definitely represents a peak. Finally, place the grey point (star symbol) on the graph to indicate the point on the real GDP curve definitely represents a trough. Calculate the percentage change in real GDP in each of the years shown. (Hint: The percentage change in real GDP equals the change in GDP from the previous year to the current year. For example, you can calculate the percentage change for 1981 by finding the change in GDP from 1980 to 1981, dividing this change by the level of GDP in 1980, and then multiplying the result by 100%. ) Once you've calculated the percentage change for each of the years, use the orange points (square symbol) to plot your results on the following graph, rounded to the nearest percent. For each year, plot the percentage change from the year before. (Hint: For example, you should plot the growth rate from 1980 to 1981 with a horizontal coordinate of 1981.) This economy experienced a contraction in the years which the level of real GDP seen as a period in which the growth rate of real GDP - On the first graph (showing real GDP), this contraction is seen as a period in On the second graph (showing annual change in real GDP), this contraction is True or false: This economy was experiencing a contraction in 1988. True False
The economy experienced a contraction in the years 1982 and 1983. This is because the level of real GDP declined in both of those years.
How to explain the informationThe orange points on the graph show the percentage change in real GDP from the previous year.
The economy experienced a contraction in the years 1982 and 1983. This is because the level of real GDP declined in both of those years.
A contraction is seen as a period in which the growth rate of real GDP is negative. In this case, the growth rate of real GDP was negative in both 1982 and 1983.
On the first graph (showing real GDP), the contraction is seen as a period in which the line falls below the long-term growth trend. On the second graph (showing annual change in real GDP), the contraction is seen as a period in which the orange points are below the horizontal axis.
The economy was not experiencing a contraction in 1988. The level of real GDP in 1988 was higher than the level of real GDP in 1987. Therefore, the growth rate of real GDP in 1988 was positive.
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The T. P. Jarmon Company manufactures and sells a line of exclusive sportswear. The firm’s sales were $600,000 for the year just ended, and its total assets exceeded $400,000. The company was started by Mr. Jarmon just 10 years ago and has been profitable every year since its inception. The chief financial officer for the firm, Brent Vehlim, has decided to seek a line of credit from the firm’s bank totaling $80,000. In the past, the company has relied on its suppliers to finance a large part of its needs for inventory. However, in recent months tight money conditions have led the firm’s suppliers to offer sizable cash discounts to speed up payments for purchases. Mr. Vehlim wants to use the line of credit to supplant a large portion of the firm’s payables during the summer, which is the firm’s peak seasonal sales period. The firm’s two most recent balance sheets were presented to the bank in support of its loan request. In addition, the firm’s income statement for the year just ended was provided. These statements are found in the following tables:
T. P. Jarmon Company Balance Sheets for 12/31/2012 and 12/31/2013
2012 2013
cash 15,000 14,000
marketable securities 6,000 6,200
accounts receivable 42,000 33,000
inventory 51,000 84,000
prepaid rent 1,200 1,100
total current assets 115,200 138,300
net plant and equipment 286,000 270,000
total assets 401,200 408,300
accounts payable 48,000 57,000
notes payable 15,000 13,000
accruals 6,000 5,000
total current liabilities 69,000 75,000
long term debt 160,000 150,000
common stockholders equity 172,200 183,300
total liabilities and equity 401,200 408,300
T. P. Jarmon Company Balance Sheets
Income Statement for 2013
sales(all credit) 600,000
less cost of goods sold 460,000
gross profit 140,000
less operating and interest expenses 0 0
general and administrative 30,000
interest 10,000
depreciation 30,000
total 70,000
earnings before taxes 70,000
less taxes 27,100
net income available to common stockholders 42,900
less cash dividents 31,800
change inretained earnings 11,100
Jan Fama, associate credit analyst for the Merchants National Bank of Midland, Michigan, was assigned the task of analyzing Jarmon’s loan request.
a. Calculate the following financial ratios for 2013:
Ratio Norms
Current ratio ................... 1.8
Acid-test ratio .................. 0.9
Debt ratio ..................... 0.5
Times interest earned ............... 10.0
Average collection period ............. 20.0
Inventory turnover (based on cost of goods sold) ..... 7.0
Return on equity ................. 12.0%
Operating return on assets ............. 16.8%
Operating profit margin .............. 14.0%
Total asset turnover ............... 1.2
Fixed asset turnover ............... 1.8
b. Which of the ratios calculated in part a do you think should be most crucial in determining whether the bank should extend the line of credit?
c. Use the information provided by the financial ratios and industry-norm ratios to decide if you would support making the loan. Discuss the basis for yourrecommendation.
a. Financial ratios for 2013:
Current ratio: 1.68Acid-test ratio: 0.82Debt ratio: 0.37Average collection period: 33.33 daysInventory turnover: 6.88 timesReturn on equity: 23.37%Operating return on assets: 14.81%Operating profit margin: 23.33%Total asset turnover: 1.47 timesFixed asset turnover: 2.22 timesb. The current ratio and acid-test ratio are crucial in determining whether the bank should extend the line of credit.
c. Based on the ratios, the company's liquidity and inventory turnover are slightly below industry norms.
However, it shows favorable return on equity and profit margins.
A comprehensive analysis of financial condition and repayment capacity is needed to decide on the loan.
a. To calculate the financial ratios for 2013, we will use the data provided in the balance sheets and income statement.
1. Current ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
= 138,300 / 75,000
= 1.84
2. Acid-test ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities
= (138,300 - 84,000) / 75,000
= 0.78
3. Debt ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Assets
= 75,000 / 408,300
= 0.18
4. Times interest earned = Earnings Before Taxes / Interest
= 70,000 / 10,000
= 7.0
5. Average collection period = 365 days / Accounts Receivable Turnover
= 365 / (600,000 / 33,000)
= 19.5
6. Inventory turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory
= 460,000 / 84,000
= 5.48
7. Return on equity = Net Income / Common Stockholders Equity
= 42,900 / 183,300
= 0.23 or 23%
8. Operating return on assets = Operating Profit / Total Assets
= 140,000 / 408,300
= 0.34 or 34%
9. Operating profit margin = Operating Profit / Sales
= 140,000 / 600,000
= 0.23 or 23%
10. Total asset turnover = Sales / Total Assets
= 600,000 / 408,300
= 1.47
11. Fixed asset turnover = Sales / Net Plant and Equipment
= 600,000 / 270,000
= 2.22
b. The most crucial ratio in determining whether the bank should extend the line of credit would be the current ratio.
A higher current ratio indicates that the company has enough current assets to cover its current liabilities.
In this case, the current ratio is 1.84, which is higher than the norm of 1.8. This suggests that the company has sufficient liquidity to meet its short-term obligations.
c. Based on the financial ratios and industry-norm ratios, it appears that the company is performing well.
The current ratio and acid-test ratio indicate good liquidity, the debt ratio shows low leverage, and the times interest earned ratio suggests the company is able to cover its interest expenses.
The average collection period, inventory turnover, return on equity, operating return on assets, operating profit margin, total asset turnover, and fixed asset turnover ratios all indicate favorable performance.
Considering the positive financial ratios and the fact that the company has been profitable every year since its inception, it is recommended to support making the loan.
However, it is important to conduct a thorough analysis of the company's financial statements and other relevant factors before making a final decision.
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The plaintiff brought his car to a mechanic for a tune-up. During the tune-up, the mechanic removed the fuse for the brake lights and inadvertently failed to replace it, causing the lights to stop working. As the plaintiff was driving his car home from the mechanic, he was involved in an accident. The plaintiff, seeing a friend walking along the road, slammed on his brakes to give the friend a ride. The defendant, who was driving the car behind the plaintiff, hit the plaintiff. The plaintiff sustained severe whiplash from the accident, and has sued the defendant and the mechanic. At trial, the jury determined that the plaintiff's damages were $10,000, and that the defendant was 50% at fault, the mechanic was 25% at fault, and the plaintiff was 25% at fault. The jurisdiction recognizes pure several liability and partial comparative negligence.
How much can the plaintiff collect from the defendant?
Based on the information provided, in a jurisdiction that recognizes pure several liability and partial comparative negligence, the following conclusions can be drawn:
Plaintiff's Damages: The jury determined that the plaintiff's damages amount to $10,000. Defendant's Fault: The jury found the defendant, who hit the plaintiff from behind, to be 50% at fault for the accident. Mechanic's Fault: The mechanic, who failed to replace the fuse for the brake lights, was found to be 25% at fault for the accident.
4. Plaintiff's Fault: The plaintiff, who slammed on the brakes abruptly to give a ride to a friend, was found to be 25% at fault for the accident.
5. Pure Several Liability: In a jurisdiction with pure several liability, each defendant is individually responsible for their percentage of fault. This means that the defendant is responsible for 50% of the damages and the mechanic is responsible for 25% of the damages.
6. Partial Comparative Negligence: Under partial comparative negligence, the plaintiff's own fault is taken into account when determining damages. In this case, since the plaintiff was found to be 25% at fault, their damages would be reduced by that percentage.Therefore, the plaintiff can recover 75% of the $10,000 in damages. This means they can recover $7,500 from the defendant (50% of $10,000) and $2,500 from the mechanic (25% of $10,000).
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What is the purpose of ‘critical vendor payments’ when a company is in bankruptcy? A. To pay the vendors that most need the money first B. To pay the IRS the taxes due C. To pay key suppliers of the bankrupt company first D. Both A and B E. None of the above
The purpose of critical vendor payments is to ensure that the company has the necessary supplies and services to continue operating during bankruptcy. This can help the company to reorganize and emerge from bankruptcy as a viable business.
When a company files for bankruptcy, it is typically unable to pay all of its debts. This includes debts to vendors who have supplied the company with goods or services. If these vendors are not paid, they may stop supplying the company, which could force the company to shut down.
Critical vendor payments are payments to vendors who supply the company with essential goods or services. These payments are made with the approval of the bankruptcy court.
The bankruptcy court will typically approve critical vendor payments if the payments are necessary to keep the company operating.
Critical vendor payments can help the company to reorganize and emerge from bankruptcy as a viable business. This is because the company will be able to continue operating and generating revenue. This revenue can be used to pay off debts and other obligations.
Here are some examples of critical vendors:
Suppliers of raw materials
Manufacturers of products
Service providers such as lawyers and accountants
Transporters
Utilities
The bankruptcy court will consider the following factors when determining whether to approve critical vendor payments:
The importance of the vendor to the company's operations
The amount of the payment
The company's ability to repay the payment
The impact of the payment on other creditors
Critical vendor payments can be a valuable tool for companies in bankruptcy. By making these payments, companies can help to ensure that they have the necessary supplies and services to continue operating and emerge from bankruptcy as a viable business.
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We have a goal stated as "Management would like to avoid underutization of the machining department". If " d " is the deviational variable for this goal. the corresponding objective function will look
The goal is to avoid underutilization of the machining department. In order to formulate an objective function to address this goal, we can use the deviational variable "d". The objective function can be defined as minimizing the deviation "d" from the optimal utilization level.
To achieve this, we need to determine the optimal utilization level of the machining department. This can be done by considering factors such as the available resources, production capacity, and demand. Once the optimal utilization level is determined, we can calculate the deviation "d" by subtracting the actual utilization level from the optimal utilization level.
The objective function will then be to minimize the deviation "d" by adjusting the utilization of the machining department. This can be done by implementing strategies such as adjusting production schedules, improving efficiency, or reallocating resources.
By minimizing the deviation "d" and maintaining optimal utilization of the machining department, management can ensure efficient use of resources and maximize productivity.
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1.
please explain a target date find / lifestyle fund. what are the
positives and negatives?
2. what makes the vanguard wellington Fund Appealing? give 3
reasons.
1. Target date funds are a mix of asset allocation and automatic rebalancing over time that aligns with the timeline of when investors plan to retire. These funds are popular for their ease of use, diversification, and automatic rebalancing.
They invest in a combination of stocks, bonds, and cash equivalents, and the allocation of these assets is determined based on the investor's time horizon, goals, and risk tolerance. One of the benefits of target date funds is that they provide a simple and automated way for investors to manage their investments. They also offer professional management, diversification, and automatic rebalancing as per the plan. Some of the disadvantages of these funds include higher expense ratios than similar index funds, limitations on customization, and exposure to market risk. A lifestyle fund is a type of target date fund that considers an investor's risk tolerance and time horizon. This fund allocates assets into different holdings based on an investor's preferred lifestyle.
Target date funds are an investment option for investors who want a simple, easy-to-use, and automated approach to investing. These funds have become popular due to their diversification, professional management, and automatic rebalancing features. However, they are not without drawbacks, such as higher expenses and market risk.
Target date funds are a type of mutual fund that uses an asset allocation strategy designed to provide investors with an optimal balance of risk and reward based on the investor's time horizon. The asset mix is typically composed of stocks, bonds, and cash equivalents, and the allocation of these assets is determined based on the investor's time horizon, goals, and risk tolerance. A lifestyle fund is a type of target date fund that takes into account an investor's preferred lifestyle when allocating assets. These funds are designed to help investors achieve their long-term investment goals while taking into account the risks associated with their preferred lifestyle.
Target date funds are popular due to their ease of use, diversification, and automatic rebalancing features. They are an excellent option for investors who want a hands-off approach to investing and those who are not confident in their ability to choose the right investments. One of the advantages of target date funds is that they are professionally managed. The fund managers ensure that the asset allocation remains aligned with the investor's goals and risk tolerance, taking the burden of monitoring and rebalancing off the investor. Moreover, target date funds are a great way to diversify an investor's portfolio. These funds invest in a wide range of assets, including stocks, bonds, and cash equivalents, providing investors with exposure to different asset classes, thereby reducing risk.
The disadvantages of target date funds include higher expenses and market risk. Target date funds generally have higher expense ratios than similar index funds. This is because these funds involve active management, and the fees associated with such management are passed on to the investor. Another disadvantage of these funds is that they are subject to market risk. Although these funds offer diversification, they are still exposed to market fluctuations, which can lead to a decline in value.
Target date funds are an excellent option for investors looking for a simple, easy-to-use, and automated approach to investing. These funds are professionally managed, offer diversification, and automatic rebalancing features. However, investors should be aware of the higher expense ratios and market risk associated with these funds. When investing in target date funds, investors should carefully consider their investment goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon to choose the right fund that aligns with their investment objectives.
2. The Vanguard Wellington Fund is an appealing option for investors for various reasons. Some of the reasons include:
1. Diversification: The fund invests in a diversified mix of stocks and bonds, which reduces risk and provides a stable source of income. It aims to balance current income with long-term capital growth while managing risk.
2. Experienced Management: The fund is managed by a team of experienced professionals with a track record of generating consistent returns for investors.
3. Low Expenses: The fund has a low expense ratio, which makes it an attractive option for cost-conscious investors. The expense ratio is a percentage of assets that investors pay annually to cover the cost of managing the fund.
In summary, the Vanguard Wellington Fund is appealing to investors due to its diversification, experienced management team, and low expense ratio. These features make it an attractive option for investors looking for a balanced and stable source of income.
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