If interest rates risk increase, the longer-term bond's value will drop more than the shorter-term bond.
Interest rate risk is the risk of changes in the interest rate affecting the prices of bonds, either in the negative or positive direction. It is the possibility that the bond's price or its future cash flows will fluctuate when there is a change in the interest rates.
When the bond's value decreases due to interest rate changes, it creates interest rate risk for investors.Interest rate risk is greater for longer-term bonds because of the following reasons:
Longer-term bonds have a higher sensitivity to interest rate changes than short-term bonds because they have a longer duration. In general, a bond's duration is the amount of time it will take to get back the original investment, including principal and interest. The longer a bond's duration, the more sensitive it is to changes in interest rates. The price of a bond with a longer duration will drop more than the price of a bond with a shorter duration when interest rates increase.Also, the longer the bond's maturity, the greater the uncertainty about future interest rates. This means that a longer-term bond is more likely to be affected by changes in interest rates than a shorter-term bond. Therefore, if interest rates increase, the longer-term bond's value will drop more than the shorter-term bond.
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CH03 HW p ThinkVision sta Question 7 of 9 ( > 0.5/1 E 1 Kitchenware, Inc., sells two types of water pitchers, plastic and glass. Plastic pitchers cost the company $10 and are sold for $20. Glass pitchers cost $24 and are sold for $45. All other costs are fixed at $982.800 per year Current sales plans call for 14,000 plastic pitchers and 28,000 glass pitchers to be sold in the coming year. (a) Your answer is correct. How many pitchers of each type must be sold to break even in the coming year? Use contribution margin per unit to calculate breakeven units) 18900 Plastic pitchers 37000 Glass pitchers 2 11 11:07 AM CH03 HW Vision LCVista Word A daily wo... Question 7 of 9 < > 0.5/1 ⠀ Your answer is incorrect. Kitchenware, Inc., has just received a sales catalog from a new supplier that is offering plastic pitchers for $8. What would be the new contribution margin per unit if managers switched to the new supplier? Plastic pitchers Glass pitchers Contribution margin per unit What would be the new breakeven point if managers switched to the new supplier? (Use contribution margin per unit to calculate breakeven units. Round answers to O decimal places, eg. 25,000) Plastic pitchers Glass pitchers Breakeven in Units 11:07 AM 1/2/2022
If Kitchenware, Inc. switches to the new supplier offering plastic pitchers for $8, the contribution margin per unit for plastic pitchers would be $12 ($20 selling price - $8 cost).
To calculate the new breakeven point, we need to use the contribution margin per unit and total fixed costs. The contribution margin per unit for plastic pitchers is now $12, and for glass pitchers, it is $21 ($45 selling price - $24 cost).
The fixed costs remain at $982,800 per year.
Using the breakeven formula:
Breakeven units = Fixed costs ÷ Contribution margin per unit
For plastic pitchers:
$982,800 ÷ $12 = 81,900 units
For glass pitchers:
$982,800 ÷ $21 = 46,800 units
To check the breakeven point, we can calculate the total contribution margin at the breakeven point and verify that it covers the fixed costs.
Total contribution margin at breakeven point = Total sales - Total variable costs
For plastic pitchers:
Total sales = 81,900 units x $20 selling price = $1,638,000
Total variable costs = 81,900 units x $8 cost = $655,200
Contribution margin = $982,800
For glass pitchers:
Total sales = 46,800 units x $45 selling price = $2,106,000
Total variable costs = 46,800 units x $24 cost = $1,123,200
Contribution margin = $982,800
As we can see, the total contribution margin at the breakeven point is equal to the fixed costs of $982,800, which means that the company will neither make a profit nor incur a loss at this level of sales.
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Car Masters, Inc., a leading manufacturer of car engines, divided its manufacturing process into two Departments - Production and Packing. The estimated overhead costs for the Production and Packing Departments were $1,000,000 and $2,000,000, respectively. The company produces two types of parts - Part A and Part B. The total estimated labor hours for the year were 40,000 , and estimated machine hours were 30,000 . The Production Department is mechanized, whereas the Packing Department is labor oriented. Job 523 has incurred 200 actual machine hours and 500 actual direct labor hours. What is the amount of manufacturing overhead allocated to job 523 based on using machine hours as a single plant wide predetermined overhead allocation rate?
The amount of manufacturing overhead allocated to Job 523 based on using machine hours as a single plant wide predetermined overhead allocation rate is $20,000. The single plant-wide predetermined overhead allocation rate based on machine-hours is $100 per machine hour.
Machine hour rate is a method of absorbing factory overheads, which are indirect costs, to a product by means of the number of machine-hours consumed in the process of production. The steps to find the amount of manufacturing overhead allocated to job 523 based on using machine hours as a single plant wide predetermined overhead allocation rate are as follows:
Step 1: Compute the predetermined overhead allocation rate using machine hours.
Predetermined overhead allocation rate = Total overhead cost ÷ Total machine hours
$3,000,000 ÷ 30,000 machine hours results to $100 per machine hour.
Step 2: Compute the manufacturing overhead allocated to Job 523 using the predetermined overhead allocation rate.Manufacturing overhead allocated = Actual machine hours used × Predetermined overhead allocation rate
Manufacturing overhead allocated to Job 523 = 200 machine hours × $100 per machine hour
Manufacturing overhead allocated to Job 523 = $20,000
Therefore, the amount of manufacturing overhead allocated to Job 523 based on using machine hours as a single plant wide predetermined overhead allocation rate is $20,000.
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businessaccountingaccounting questions and answersof furniture store, inc. income statement years ended december 31, 2019 and 2018 2019 $494,000 $472,000 243,000 231,000 $251,000 $241,000 150,000 142,000 $101,000 $ 99,000 18,000 14,000 $ 87,000 $ 81,000 23,000 17,000 $ 64,000 $ 64,000 prepare a common-size income statement (vertical analysis) for the two years. argument whether the company's profitability
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Question: Of Furniture Store, Inc. Income Statement Years Ended December 31, 2019 And 2018 2019 $494,000 $472,000 243,000 231,000 $251,000 $241,000 150,000 142,000 $101,000 $ 99,000 18,000 14,000 $ 87,000 $ 81,000 23,000 17,000 $ 64,000 $ 64,000 Prepare A Common-Size Income Statement (Vertical Analysis) For The Two Years. Argument Whether The Company's Profitability
of
Furniture store, Inc.
Income Statement
Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
2019
$494,000
$472,000
243,000
231,000
$251,
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Transcribed image text: of Furniture store, Inc. Income Statement Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 2019 $494,000 $472,000 243,000 231,000 $251,000 $241,000 150,000 142,000 $101,000 $ 99,000 18,000 14,000 $ 87,000 $ 81,000 23,000 17,000 $ 64,000 $ 64,000 Prepare a common-size income statement (vertical analysis) for the two years. Argument whether the company's profitability improved or deteriorated during 2019 and why. A▾ B I EE Net Sales Revenues Cost of Goods Sold Gross Profit Operating Expenses Operating Income Interest Expense Income Before Income Tax Income Tax Expense Net Income Requirements: 1. 2. 7 20 2² 1 2018
Common-size Income Statement (Vertical Analysis) Common size statement is a technique of expressing every item in the financial statement as a percentage of a base amount. The base amount for the income statement is Net Sales Revenue.
The common-size income statement (vertical analysis) of Furniture Store, Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are prepared as follows: Vertical analysis of Income Statement helps to analyze the impact of each item of the income statement on the overall financial performance of the company.
This analysis reflects that net sales revenues increased by 4.66%, cost of goods sold increased by 5.19%, gross profit increased by 3.54%, operating expenses increased by 4.23%, operating income increased by 4.60%, interest expense remained constant, Income before income tax increased by 3.78%, income tax expense increased by 8.33% and net income increased by 4.93%. It indicates that the company's profitability improved during 2019.
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Case Study: Amazon's Blue Ocean Strategy - Total 6 Marks The internet retail giant has secured an agreement with UK authorities to develop the technology to deliver products by drone within thirty minutes of receiving an order via its Prime Air service. Amazon is taking advantage of the UK's willingness to embrace a burgeoning interest in the unmanned aerial vehicle sector. The UK, which wants to establish itself as a world leader in unmanned vehicles of all types, has extended that co-operation, with the Civil Aviation Authority relaxing normal rules requiring drones to stay within line of sight of their operators--taken to be about 1,500 ft-and not to fly above 400 it to avoid other air traffic However, Amazon is determined to make Prime Air a reality, with chief executive Jeff Bezos personally supporting the programme. But putting aside technological challenges, is there really a market for deliveries by drone? Amazon says almost ninety per cent of its current orders weigh below 2 25 kg, meaning they will be able to be delivered by drone Human nature is also set to drive demand for drone delivery services, especially as Amazon does not see a major extra cost once the technology is perfected, and analysts think it could add just $1 (77p) to an order 'One should never underestimate the seductive power of instant gratification', says an independent retail analyst Delivery by drone will allow Amazon to add value in the way that going into a shop and being helped by assistants adds value. It's allowing Amaszon to not just level the playing field, but to create one of its own and disconnect itself from rivals who will be unable to keep up. Some critics argue that customers will never feel they so urgently need to have, say, a certain book, within thirty minutes to justify a drone service, but Amazon sees airborne delivery as being economic enough that everyday sundries will be arriving by drone. Paul Misener, Amazon's vice president of global innovation policy and communications, says: If a customer runs out of coffee or toothpaste, two-day shipping may not be the right choice. We're developing shipping options so they can choose what works best for them' The company imagines scenarios such as having forgotten to bring a corkscrew to a picnic and ordering one to be delivered by air, or running out of milk and deciding it is easier to use Prime Air than go to the supermarket. Questions have also been asked about the security of drones packed with potentially high value goods, which could prove tempting targets for the criminally inclined Amazon doesn't believe this will be an issue, pointing out delivery trucks, which carry far more products than a single drone can, are not routinely victims of crime Whether the economics stack up or not, and Amazon clearly believes they do, how drones will work in the existing aviation environment is the biggest challenge to their development Integration is the number one, two and three biggest problem for drones', says a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society's unmanned aerial vehicle group. Think of them like bikes on the road. It would be lovely to have cycle lanes everywhere but it's just not practical, they have to fit in with the cars and lones" Perhaps more difficult will be working out how drones will operate in a complex urban environment, where buildings can rise above the 400 ft celing, and hard-to-detect 25 33 34 Perhaps more difficult will be working out how drones will operate in a complex urban environment, where buildings can rise above the 400 tt ceiling, and hard-to-detect obstacles such as telephone wires are common. The internet retailer is confident it can overcome such worries, but there is a host of other factors to consider Weather is one, wind and rain can have a huge impact on such small aircraft, making them hard to fly. Range is another although the drones' current range of ten miles is expected to increase, Amazon would need, to massively expand its distribution network to hit the target of deliveries within thirty minutes. Physically getting the packages into customers' hands also raises questions These problems are all to be solved, but with Amazon's might behind the project, there's a good chance solution can be found. Source Alan Tovey "Can Amazon's drones deliver the Back to the Future world? The Telegraph, 31 July 2016 Telegraph Media Group Limited Questions-2 marks each 1. Explain the Blue Ocean Strategy of Amazon. 2. What are the advantages of Amazon's Strategy? 3. What are the main challenges of Amazon's strategy and how can amazon overcome these challenges? For the foolhar prest
1. Explain the Blue Ocean Strategy of Amazon.
Amazon's Blue Ocean Strategy is to create new market space that is uncontested by existing competitors. This is done by offering products and services that are both innovative and disruptive. For example, Amazon's Prime Air service is a new way to deliver products that is both faster and more convenient than traditional shipping methods.
2. What are the advantages of Amazon's Strategy?
There are several advantages to Amazon's Blue Ocean Strategy. First, it allows Amazon to differentiate itself from its competitors. Second, it allows Amazon to capture new customers who were not previously served by the market. Third, it allows Amazon to grow its business at a faster rate than if it were competing in a crowded market.
3. What are the main challenges of Amazon's strategy and how can amazon overcome these challenges?
The main challenges of Amazon's strategy are:
Technology. Amazon's Blue Ocean Strategy relies on new and unproven technologies, such as drones and self-driving cars. If these technologies fail to live up to expectations, it could damage Amazon's reputation and hurt its business.
Regulation. Amazon's Blue Ocean Strategy could face regulatory challenges from governments around the world. For example, some governments may restrict the use of drones or self-driving cars.
Competition. Amazon's Blue Ocean Strategy is likely to attract competition from other companies. If these companies are able to offer similar products and services at a lower price, it could hurt Amazon's business.
Amazon can overcome these challenges by:
Investing in research and development. Amazon needs to continue to invest in research and development to improve its new technologies. This will help to ensure that its products and services are reliable and meet the needs of its customers.
Working with regulators. Amazon needs to work with regulators to ensure that its Blue Ocean Strategy is compliant with all applicable laws and regulations. This will help to avoid any legal problems that could damage its business.
Staying ahead of the competition. Amazon needs to continue to innovate and offer new products and services that are not available from its competitors. This will help it to maintain its competitive advantage and grow its business.
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Police Corporation acquired 100 percent of Station Corporation's voting shares on January 1, 20X3, at underlying book value. At that date, the book values and fair values of Station's assets and liabilities were equal. Police uses the equity method in accounting for its investment in Station. Adjusted trial balances for Police and Station on December 31, 20X4, are as follows:
Police Corporation Station Corporation Item Debit Credit
Current Assets $ 211,000 $ 166,000
Depreciable Assets (net) 315,000 228,000
Investment in Station Corporation 235,000
Depreciation Expense 22,000 12,000
Other Expenses 161,000 90,000
Dividends Declared 54,000 22,000
Current Liabilities $ 61,000 $ 41,000
Long-Term Debt 98,000 118,000
Common Stock 193,000 89,000
Retained Earnings 381,000 126,000
Sales 223,000 144,000
Income from Station Corporation 42,000 $ 998,000 $ 998,000 $ 518,000 $ 518,000 Required:
a. Prepare the basic consolidation entry required on December 31, 20X4, to prepare consolidated financial statements. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
b. Prepare a three-part consolidation worksheet as of December 31, 20X4. (Values in the first two columns (the "parent" and "subsidiary" balances) that are to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign, while all values in the "Consolidation Entries" columns should be entered as positive values. For accounts where multiple adjusting entries are required, combine all debit entries into one amount and enter this amount in the debit column of the worksheet. Similarly, combine all credit entries into one amount and enter this amount in the credit column of the worksheet.)
The consolidation process involves combining the financial statements of the parent and subsidiary companies into a single set of consolidated financial statements
a. The basic consolidation entry required on December 31, 20X4, to prepare consolidated financial statements is as follows:
Investment in Station Corporation $42,000
Income from Station Corporation $42,000
This entry eliminates the income recognized by Police Corporation from its investment in Station Corporation.
To prepare the consolidated financial statements, we first eliminate the income recognized by Police Corporation from its investment in Station Corporation. The income from Station Corporation is $42,000, which is added to the Consolidated Net Income and Consolidated Retained Earnings.
The consolidation worksheet shows the balances of various accounts for both the parent (Police Corporation) and the subsidiary (Station Corporation). The parent balances are taken directly from the adjusted trial balances, while the subsidiary balances are taken from the individual subsidiary's trial balance. The consolidation entries column indicates the elimination entries needed to consolidate the financial statements.
The consolidation process involves combining the financial statements of the parent and subsidiary companies into a single set of consolidated financial statements. This ensures that the financial statements provide a comprehensive view of the economic activities of the combined entity. The consolidation entry and worksheet help in adjusting and presenting the financial information accurately.
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The government budget surplus equals
Part 2
A. government purchases minus net receipts.
B. government purchases minus transfers.
C. government receipts minus government outlays.
D. government purchases plus transfers.
The government budget surplus is defined as government receipts minus government outlays. It represents the excess of government revenue over its expenditures during a given period.
The surplus indicates that the government has collected more revenue than it has spent, resulting in a positive balance.
The government budget surplus is calculated by subtracting government outlays from government receipts. Government receipts include various sources of revenue, such as taxes, fees, fines, and income from government-owned assets. On the other hand, government outlays consist of government spending on goods and services, transfer payments, debt interest payments, and other expenses.
By subtracting government outlays from government receipts, the surplus measure captures the net position of the government's fiscal operations. If the result is positive, it indicates a budget surplus, meaning that the government has generated more revenue than it has spent. A budget surplus is typically seen as a positive sign as it allows the government to save, pay off debts, invest, or allocate funds to other priority areas.
In contrast, if the result is negative, it represents a budget deficit, indicating that government expenditures exceed its revenue. A budget deficit often necessitates borrowing or increasing public debt to finance the shortfall.
Overall, the government budget surplus is a crucial indicator of the fiscal health and sustainability of the government's financial position. It reflects the government's ability to generate revenue and manage its expenses effectively, contributing to economic stability and long-term financial stability.
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List one use-case from the real world where analytics improved business performance or analytics helped drive a business decision? You can even list a use-case where the entire business is centered around analytics. Please note the following conditions when answering this question-
You must clearly cite the reference. Clearly mention the link of the video or article or blog detailing the use-case selected by you. Make sure to write the appropriate header (a title) for the use-case.
The point of this exercise is for you to understand what an analytical use-case is and how does it help a business compete analytically.
For the use-case selected by you in part-1 above, answer the following questions-
Describe the business and the analytical use-case applied by them. You need to explain the problem/scenario requiring the use of data analytics for the selected business.
(Explain in detail if the analytics was used for business decision improvement process or performance optimization of an existing process or if the analytics are the business (i.e. your use-case if for a data analytics firm). Basically you have to explain the use of analytics, its objective and results.
Amazon's use of data analytics for supply chain optimization exemplifies how analytics can drive business performance and competitive advantage. By leveraging big data and advanced analytics techniques, Amazon has enhanced their ability to manage their vast supply chain efficiently.
Use-Case: Amazon - Supply Chain Optimization
Reference: "How Amazon Used Big Data to Rule E-Commerce" - Datafloq
Link: https://datafloq.com/read/how-amazon-used-big-data-to-rule-e-commerce/7149
Title: Supply Chain Optimization for Efficient Fulfillment
The business: Amazon, one of the world's largest e-commerce companies, operates on a massive scale with millions of products and countless transactions daily. Their success heavily relies on the efficient management of their supply chain to ensure timely and accurate order fulfillment.
Analytical Use-Case: Supply chain optimization using big data analytics
Amazon utilizes data analytics to optimize their supply chain operations. By collecting and analyzing vast amounts of data related to customer orders, inventory levels, supplier performance, transportation logistics, and market demand, Amazon can make data-driven decisions to streamline their supply chain processes.
The objective of Amazon's supply chain analytics is to improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction. By leveraging real-time data and advanced algorithms, they can accurately forecast demand, optimize inventory levels, optimize transportation routes, and dynamically allocate resources to meet customer expectations.
The results of Amazon's supply chain optimization efforts have been significant. By applying data analytics to their supply chain, they have achieved faster order fulfillment, reduced delivery times, and improved inventory management. This has led to increased customer satisfaction, lower operating costs, and a competitive advantage in the e-commerce industry.
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Please submit a short research
paper (from 5-6 pages) presenting the inflation happening around
the world especially in Europe.(Please adding the references/links
for the information in the paper)
Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, leading to a decrease in the purchasing power of money. Inflation is a worldwide issue that affects many countries, and it has a significant impact on economies.
This research paper aims to highlight the inflation occurring around the world, particularly in Europe. Europe is an important continent with a strong economy, and it has been hit hard by inflation in recent years. Inflation is a significant problem for the European Union (EU) countries, particularly since the global economic crisis in 2008. Inflation has been slowly rising in Europe since then, and the effects of this are being felt by people in the region.
Inflation in Europe is caused by several factors, including the high cost of living, rising wages, and the cost of raw materials. Additionally, there are political factors such as Brexit, which has led to economic uncertainty, which has had an impact on inflation rates in the UK and the EU. The global pandemic COVID-19 has also had an impact on inflation in Europe. The pandemic led to a decrease in economic activity, which resulted in deflation.
The EU has implemented measures to tackle inflation. The ECB has set an inflation target of 2% for the Eurozone countries, and it has implemented policies to achieve this target. These policies include the use of interest rates, which are used to control the supply of money in the economy. The ECB also uses quantitative easing, which is the purchase of government bonds and other securities to increase the supply of money in the economy.
References:1. European Central Bank. (2021). 2. Eurostat. (2021). Inflation rates, 2021. 3. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2021). Inflation (CPI).
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Suppose after joining the treasury department of a large corporation, you find that it avoids hedging foreign exchange risk because the cost of hedging comes out of the treasury department's budget. What arguments could you make to the chief financial officer to get the firm interested in letting you be the firm's hedging expert?
As a treasury department employee, the realization that a corporation avoids hedging foreign exchange risk due to the cost of hedging coming out of the treasury department's budget is concerning.
This makes a case for the need to convince the chief financial officer to adopt the concept of hedging foreign exchange risks. Hedging is a financial technique of mitigating against risk. It involves taking a position in the market that offsets an existing risk position.
For instance, a business that expects to receive payment in a foreign currency may use hedging as a way to mitigate against the risk of exchange rate fluctuations. This helps in protecting the business from losses resulting from the changes in currency values.The following are some arguments that can be presented to the chief financial officer to convince them to let you be the firm's hedging expert:
Currency fluctuation risk - Currency fluctuation risk is a prevalent risk that can significantly impact the bottom line of a corporation. By failing to hedge foreign exchange risk, the corporation is exposed to potential losses arising from these fluctuations. This can be mitigated by proper hedging techniques.Profitability - Hedging can help businesses increase profitability. By adopting hedging techniques, corporations can reduce the financial risks associated with currency fluctuations, protecting their bottom line in the process.Corporate reputation - Hedging can also help corporations establish a reputation as a reliable partner in business. The ability to manage risk effectively indicates good business management practices and can help to attract investors.
Moreover, the consequences of not hedging foreign exchange risk can be severe, particularly for multinational corporations. Hedging techniques can help a business stay profitable and competitive. A well-executed hedging strategy can provide a competitive advantage by reducing risks associated with market fluctuations.
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Questions bh2ff16h.Ch05.13m 6. 7. 8 When calculating the future value (FV) of an ordinary annuity, the factor used for the present value (PV) is a. the interest rate times the monthly payment. b. the base amount of the annuity. CO. d. equal to the monthly payment. e the monthly payment divided by the number of periods (N). Stomit As Check My W
When calculating the future value (FV) of an ordinary annuity, the factor used for the present value (PV) depends on the specific formula or equation used.
It is not simply the interest rate times the monthly payment or equal to the monthly payment. The correct factor varies based on the interest rate, the number of periods, and the payment frequency of the annuity.
To calculate the future value of an ordinary annuity, you need to consider the interest rate, the number of periods, and the payment amount. The factor used for the present value in the calculation is determined by the formula being used. It is not as straightforward as multiplying the interest rate by the monthly payment or taking the monthly payment divided by the number of periods.
Different formulas, such as the future value of an ordinary annuity formula or the compound interest formula, have specific factors or components that are used in the calculation. These factors consider the interest rate, time period, and payment frequency to accurately determine the future value of the annuity. Therefore, it is important to use the correct formula and associated factors to calculate the future value accurately.
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The cost section of the proposal is to convince the customer that the contractor
a. is charging a price for the proposed project that is reasonable and realistic.
b. understands the need or problem and can provide the least risky and most beneficial solution.
c. can do the proposed work and achieve the intended results.
d. has a price that is less expensive than the other bidders' prices
The cost section of a proposal is primarily designed to convince the customer that the contractor is charging a price for the proposed project that is reasonable and realistic. This involves providing a detailed breakdown of the costs associated with the project, including materials, labor, equipment, and any additional expenses. The goal is to demonstrate to the customer that the proposed price aligns with the value and quality of the work being offered.
By presenting a comprehensive cost analysis, the contractor aims to address the customer's concerns regarding the financial feasibility of the project. This allows the customer to assess the affordability and competitiveness of the contractor's proposal in comparison to other options. It also helps establish trust and credibility by showcasing the contractor's transparency and commitment to providing a fair and accurate pricing structure.
While the other options mentioned in points b, c, and d are also important considerations in a proposal, the primary objective of the cost section is to convince the customer of the reasonableness and realism of the price being proposed.
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Consider the production function q=3L
0.6
K
0.3
The marginal rate of technical substitution of labor for capital is a. MRTS
L,K
=
2K
L
b. MRTS
L,K
=
K
2L
c. MRTS
L,K
=
L
2K
d. MRTS
L,K
=
2L
K
The correct option is d. The marginal rate of technical substitution of labor for capital (MRTS) in a production function is the rate at which the firm substitutes capital (K) for labor (L) while keeping the level of output constant.
The production function given by [tex]q = 3L^0.6K^0.3[/tex] implies that the marginal product of labor (MPL) is:
Similarly, the marginal product of capital (MPK) is:
The MRTS of labor for capital is given by the ratio of these two marginal products:
The MRTS of labor for capital is inversely related to the ratio of the marginal products. In this case, it is an increasing function of labor and a decreasing function of capital.
As more labor is added to the production process, it becomes more difficult to substitute capital for labor, so the MRTS increases. Similarly, as more capital is added, it becomes easier to substitute labor for capital, so the MRTS decreases.
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1) You are planning your dream vacation to see Komodo National Park in Indonesia. You figure you will need 76,405,080 Indonesian rupiah for the vacation, because you staying at the Ayana, and the exchange rate is Et = 18,630.84. How much $US dollars do you need to set aside?
A) $4,101
B) $4,555
C) $5,244
D) $5,910
2) Say that in Marquette, Michigan you can buy a Big Mac for $7.6 on Washington Street, while at the Anfa Mall in Casablanca, Morocco, the same burger will set you back 43.2 Dirham. The current exchange rate is $1 US buys 5.1 Dirham. According to the law of one price, the exchange rate should be Et = ______ and overtime, we can predict that the US dollar should ______.
A) 5.68; depreciate
B) 5.68; appreciate
C) 6.12; depreciate
D) 6.12; appreciate
1) Given, Indonesian rupiah needed = 76,405,080 Exchange rate = Et = 18,630.84We need to find the amount in $US dollars. So, Amount in $US dollars = Indonesian rupiah / Exchange rate. By putting the given values we get, Amount in $US dollars = 76,405,080 / 18,630.84= $4,101.
Therefore, the required amount of money in $US dollars is $4,101.
Hence, the correct option is A) $4,101.
2) According to the law of one price, the price of the same good should be the same in different countries. Given, The price of Big Mac in Marquette, Michigan = $7.6The price of Big Mac in Anfa Mall in Casablanca, Morocco = 43.2 Dirham. The exchange rate = $1 US buys 5.1 Dirham. To calculate the price of Big Mac in $US dollars, we will divide 43.2 Dirham by the exchange rate. Hence, Price of Big Mac in $US dollars = 43.2 Dirham / 5.1= $8.47As the price of the same good in different countries is different, this indicates the violation of the law of one price. The calculated price of $8.47 is higher than the actual price of $7.6 in Marquette, Michigan. Therefore, we can predict that the US dollar should appreciate over time.
Hence, the correct option is B) 5.68; appreciate.
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Maxwell Mining Company's ore reserves are being depleted, so its sales are falling. Also, because its pit is getting deeper each year, its costs are rising. As a result, the company's earnings and dividends are declining at the constant rate of 9% per year. If D0 = $3 and rs = 10%, what is the value of Maxwell Mining's stock?
Given that Maxwell Mining Company's ore reserves are being depleted, so its sales are falling, and because its pit is getting deeper each year, its costs are rising. The value of Maxwell Mining's stock is $273.
As a result, the company's earnings and dividends are declining at the constant rate of 9% per year. D0, the last dividend, is $3 and rs, the required rate of return, is 10%. We need to calculate the value of Maxwell Mining's stock.Maxwell Mining's dividend next year, D1 = D0 * (1 - growth rate) = $3 * (1 - 0.09) = $2.73.
Since the dividend is expected to decline at a constant rate, we can use the Gordon Growth Model to calculate the stock price.P0 = D1 / (rs - g) = $2.73 / (0.10 - 0.09) = $273.Therefore, the value of Maxwell Mining's stock is $273.
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To comply with Pima County Health Regulations, the University of Arizona must install hand sanitizing stations throughout campus.
The first quote from a supplier comes in at $600,000 today, and the supplier claims the University will save $70,000/year in water and soap, and that the hand sanitizing stations will last 10 years.
The second quote comes in at $300,000 today, and the supplier claims the University will save $50,000/year in water and soap, and that the hand sanitizing stations will last 5 years.
Assume a discount rate of 4%.
In the first two blanks below, calculate (1) the NPV of the first quote and (2) the EAC of the second quote. Round to the nearest dollar. In the final blank, report which supplier the University should select. (write either 1 or 2)
The University of Arizona should select supplier 2 as it has the lower EAC of $228,985.
NPV = -Initial Cost + Present Value of Annual Savings
Using the formula for calculating the present value of an annuity, we have:
NPV = -$600,000 + ($70,000 / (1 + 0.04)^1) + ($70,000 / (1 + 0.04)^2) + ... + ($70,000 / (1 + 0.04)^10)
The EAC (Equivalent Annual Cost) of the second quote can be calculated by dividing the present value of the cost over the project's life by the present value of an annuity factor:
EAC = Present Value of Cost / Present Value of Annuity Factor
Using the formula for calculating the present value of an annuity factor, we have:
EAC = $300,000 / [(1 - (1 / (1 + 0.04)^5)) / 0.04]
The University should select the supplier with the option that has the lower NPV or EAC, as it represents the more financially favorable choice.
The NPV calculation takes into account the initial cost of $600,000 and discounts the annual savings of $70,000 over a 10-year period. By discounting the cash flows, we determine the net value of the investment, considering the time value of money. A positive NPV indicates that the investment is financially beneficial.
The EAC calculation allows us to compare the annual cost of the second quote to the annual savings from the hand sanitizing stations. By converting the upfront cost to an equivalent annual cost, we can evaluate the affordability of the option over a 5-year period. A lower EAC indicates a more cost-effective option for the University.
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Fowler, Inc., just paid a dividend of $3.05 per share on its stock. The dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5.5 percent per year, indefinitely. Assume investors require a return of 10 percent on this stock.
Fowler, Inc.'s stock value is $61.00 per share. Fowler, Inc., just paid a dividend of $3.05 per share on its stock.
The dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5.5 percent per year, indefinitely. Assume investors require a return of 10 percent on this stock. In 100 words, we will find the value of Fowler, Inc.'s stock.The formula used to calculate the stock value is the dividend discount model. Dividend discount model is a method of valuing a stock by the present value of the expected future dividends.
Dividend discount model formula is as follows:Stock value = Dividend / (Required return - Dividend growth rate)Stock value = 3.05 / (0.10 - 0.055)Stock value = $61.00 per share Therefore, Fowler, Inc.'s stock value is $61.00 per share.
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20.Wensum Ltd is about to launch a new service which is expected to generate a gross profit of 40% on sales. The fixed costs associated with this service are expected to be £40,000 per month during the first six months and £30,000 per month thereafter. Additional variable selling expenses are expected to be 5% of sales. Calculate the annual sales needed to achieve a net profit of £230,000 in the first year from the new service. A. £657,143 B. £1,000,000 C. £1,444,444 D. £1,857,143 Then explain this question: Which of the following hurdles is likely to lead to the acceptance of the greatest number of projects for most companies? Acceptable projects must have A a Net Present Value (NPV) which is greater than zero B. an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) that is greater than zero C. a payback period that is less than two years D. an Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) that is twice the existing return on capital employed
The annual sales needed to achieve a net profit of £230,000 in the first year from the new service is £1,000,000
An IRR that is greater than zero is a good measure of profitability and is likely to lead to the acceptance of the greatest number of projects for most companies.
Calculation of the annual sales needed to achieve a net profit of £230,000 in the first year from the new service is explained below:
Calculation of Fixed Costs:
Fixed costs for first 6 months = £40,000/month x 6 months = £240,000
Fixed costs for remaining 6 months = £30,000/month x 6 months = £180,000
Total Fixed Costs = £240,000 + £180,000 = £420,000Calculation of Variable Selling Expenses: Variable selling expenses = 5% of sales
Calculation of Sales: Sales = [Fixed Costs + Variable Selling Expenses + Net Profit] / Gross Profit MarginPercentage
Net Profit = £230,000Gross Profit Margin Percentage = 40% = 0.4
Fixed Costs = £420,000, Variable Selling Expenses = 5% of Sales = 0.05 x Sales
Sales = [420,000 + 0.05 x Sales + 230,000] / 0.4
Sales = £1,000,000
The hurdle that is likely to lead to the acceptance of the greatest number of projects for most companies is an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) that is greater than zero.
Most companies generally aim to undertake projects that have a high rate of return on investment. The IRR is the rate of return that equates the present value of an investment's cash flows with the investment's initial outflow. It is used to measure the profitability of potential investments. If the IRR of a project is higher than the company's cost of capital, then the project is considered acceptable and profitable.
The higher the IRR, the more profitable the project is.
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With your perspective and view, please Explain how stimulus can
stimulate the economy. Please your own 250 words. Thank you.
Stimulus measures stimulate the economy by increasing government spending, reducing taxes, and implementing monetary policy actions to boost aggregate demand, create jobs, and encourage consumer spending and business investment.
Stimulus measures can effectively stimulate the economy by boosting aggregate demand, which in turn drives economic activity and growth. When an economy experiences a slowdown or recession, government intervention through stimulus packages can play a vital role in revitalizing economic conditions.
One way stimulus can stimulate the economy is through increased government spending. By injecting funds into infrastructure projects, education, healthcare, or other sectors, the government creates demand for goods and services.
This, in turn, leads to increased production, job creation, and higher incomes. As individuals and businesses receive income from government spending, they have more purchasing power, leading to a multiplier effect as spending cascades through the economy.
Another way stimulus can stimulate the economy is through tax cuts or rebates. By reducing tax burdens on individuals and businesses, stimulus measures aim to put more money in people's pockets, encouraging consumer spending and business investment.
Increased consumer spending leads to higher demand for goods and services, prompting businesses to expand production and hire more workers.
Additionally, stimulus measures can include monetary policy actions by central banks, such as lowering interest rates or implementing quantitative easing. Lower interest rates make borrowing cheaper, incentivizing businesses and individuals to invest and spend.
This stimulates economic activity by promoting business expansion, investment in capital projects, and increased consumer spending.
In summary, stimulus measures can stimulate the economy by boosting aggregate demand through increased government spending, tax cuts, and monetary policy actions.
By injecting funds into the economy, creating jobs, and increasing consumer purchasing power, stimulus measures aim to revitalize economic growth and alleviate downturns.
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In your opinion, how have supervisors involved in policy and policymaking? Give at least two examples of how this can happen. Do you think it is a good idea for supervisors and their teams to be involved in policy making?
Supervisors can be involved in policy and policymaking through active participation and representation of their teams, contributing valuable insights and expertise. It can enhance policy effectiveness and ensure alignment with operational realities.
Supervisors play a crucial role in translating organizational policies into actionable strategies within their teams. By involving supervisors in the policymaking process, organizations can benefit from their frontline experience and knowledge of the team's specific needs and challenges.
Firstly, supervisors can contribute to policy development by providing input based on their understanding of the team's capabilities, resources, and operational constraints. Their insights can help shape policies that are realistic, feasible, and tailored to the unique context of their teams. For example, supervisors can offer suggestions to refine policies related to performance evaluations, training programs, or work schedules, ensuring they are practical and relevant to the team's dynamics.
Secondly, supervisors can act as conduits for effective policy implementation and enforcement. Their involvement in policymaking enables them to gain a deeper understanding of the rationale behind the policies, making it easier for them to communicate and explain the policies to their teams. This involvement also fosters a sense of ownership among supervisors, increasing their commitment to effectively enforce the policies and ensure compliance within their teams.
However, while supervisor involvement in policymaking can be beneficial, it is essential to strike a balance. Too much involvement may lead to delays in decision-making or excessive customization that hinders organizational consistency. Supervisors should provide input and insights, but the final policymaking authority should lie with the appropriate stakeholders, considering a broader perspective.
In conclusion, involving supervisors in policy and policymaking can leverage their frontline expertise, enhance policy effectiveness, and foster ownership among supervisors and their teams. It allows organizations to develop policies that are better aligned with operational realities and promote successful implementation.
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Rental income is the maximum amount of income a property would produce when at least 50% of the rental space is leased in any given market.
True
False
Rental income is the maximum amount of income a property would produce when at least 50% of the rental space is leased in any given market - False.
Rental income is not determined by the percentage of rental space that is leased in a market. Instead, rental income refers to the total amount of income generated from renting out a property, regardless of the occupancy rate. The rental income is calculated by multiplying the rental rate by the total number of occupied units or rental space.
It is important to note that the rental income can vary depending on factors such as location, property size, market demand, and rental rates. The percentage of leased space may have an impact on the overall profitability of the property, but it is not directly correlated to the rental income. So, the given statement is false.
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Janet's savings account balance is $884.23 today. She opened the account exactly 3 years ago with a single deposit. Janet has made no other deposits and no withdrawals. The account earns a 1.00% annual percentage rate of interest, compounded daily. What was Janet's initial deposit?
Janet's initial deposit was approximately $876.49.
To calculate Janet's initial deposit, we can use the formula for compound interest:
Present Value = Principal * (1 + Interest Rate / Compounding Frequency)^(Compounding Frequency * Time Period)
Given:
Present Value (balance today) = $884.23
Interest Rate (annual percentage rate) = 1.00% or 0.01 as a decimal
Time Period (number of years) = 3 years
Compounding Frequency = daily
By rearranging the formula, we can solve for the Principal:
Principal = Present Value / ((1 + Interest Rate / Compounding Frequency)^(Compounding Frequency * Time Period))
Substituting the values into the formula:
Principal = 884.23 / ((1 + 0.01 / 365)^(365 * 3))
We evaluate the expression inside the brackets first:
(1 + 0.01 / 365)^(365 * 3) ≈ 1.010045
Now we can substitute this value back into the formula:
Principal = 884.23 / 1.010045
Calculating the result:
Principal ≈ 876.49
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"Adha is thinking about setting up his own business. Neither Adha nor any of his family member has business education or ever own their own business, so the notion of setting up a business was dormant for him. However, Adha has years of working experience since he started working from the age of fifteen. His first job was as a part-time assistant at a local convenient store where he worked after school. After completing high school, he was very happy to be employed by one of the local fast-food restaurants. Then upon graduating from university, he started working with a multinational company and the company has promoted him as a manager 5 years ago. With over 15 years of experience working in the company, he had been embedded within a corporate culture environment. It was quite restrictive as he had to follow the company's specific way of doing things and he was always told what to do. It was about a year ago when the idea suddenly came to him to set up his own business. Adha wanted the freedom of working for himself, flexibility of time, to spend quality family time and witness his children growing up. He wanted more flexibility, time, freedom, and more control over what he does. Thus, Adha has been thinking of owning his own business. He had looked at various franchise opportunities, going into laundry services, convenient stores, coffee shops, a lot of different options even fast-food restaurants but he is still unsure if franchise business is the best choice for him and he could not decide which business he should go into." (Adapted from To Franchise or not to Franchise?!: A case study approach.)
Based on the above case, identify Adha's responsibilities once he become the suggested franchise business' franchisee.
Once Adha becomes a franchisee of a suggested franchise business, he would have several responsibilities. These responsibilities can vary depending on the specific franchise and industry, but here are some general responsibilities that Adha might have:
Financial Management: As a franchisee, Adha would be responsible for managing the financial aspects of the business. This includes handling the initial investment, managing the budget, monitoring expenses, and ensuring the business's financial viability.
Operations Management: Adha would need to oversee the day-to-day operations of the franchise. This involves managing inventory, maintaining quality standards, ensuring smooth operations, and implementing efficient processes.
Staffing and Human Resources: Adha would be responsible for hiring and managing employees for the franchise. This includes recruiting, training, scheduling, and ensuring compliance with labor laws and regulations.
Customer Service: Adha would need to prioritize excellent customer service to build a loyal customer base. This involves ensuring customer satisfaction, handling customer complaints, and maintaining a positive brand image.
Marketing and Sales: Adha would be responsible for implementing marketing strategies to attract customers and promote the franchise. This may involve local advertising, social media marketing, loyalty programs, and other promotional activities.
Compliance and Legal Obligations: Adha would need to ensure compliance with all legal requirements and regulations related to the franchise business. This includes obtaining necessary licenses and permits, adhering to health and safety standards, and following franchise agreements and guidelines.
Business Development: Adha would be responsible for continuously evaluating and improving the business. This involves identifying growth opportunities, monitoring industry trends, adapting to market changes, and making strategic decisions to drive the franchise's success.
Franchise Relationship: As a franchisee, Adha would need to maintain a positive and cooperative relationship with the franchisor. This includes following the franchisor's guidelines and standards, attending training sessions and meetings, and seeking support and guidance when needed.
It's important to note that these responsibilities can vary depending on the specific franchise business and the terms outlined in the franchise agreement. Adha would need to thoroughly understand the expectations and obligations associated with the franchise he chooses and be prepared to fulfill those responsibilities to ensure the success of his business.
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Homework: Homework 11 Chapter 14 Due 12th of June 15.00 Question 2, Problem 14.3.11 Part 1 of 7 The Saki Company manufactures and sells two products: Thingone and Thingtwo. In July, last year, Saki's
The profit margins for Thingone and Thingtwo are $40 and $50, respectively.
The problem deals with the calculations of the manufacturing cost, operating expenses, and profit margins for the two products.The solution to this problem requires the understanding of various accounting concepts such as manufacturing costs, operating expenses, and profit margins.
By analyzing the given data, the manufacturing cost per unit of Thingone is $40 and Thingtwo is $30. The sales price per unit of Thingone and Thingtwo is $100 and $80, respectively.
The operating expenses for the two products are $20,000 and $10,000, respectively. The problem requires the calculation of the total manufacturing cost, operating expenses, and profit margins for both products.
By using the given data, we can calculate the total manufacturing cost per unit of Thingone and Thingtwo, which is $40 and $30, respectively.
The total operating expenses for Thingone and Thingtwo are $20,000 and $10,000, respectively.
Finally, the profit margins for Thingone and Thingtwo are $40 and $50, respectively.
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Discussing two ads—one for Thule car-rack system, another for BMW—Kilbourne claims these ads are part of a pattern. According to her, what do ads like these "State or imply"?
(You answer can be quite brief--a single sentence will do).
according to her ads like these state or imply various message about women such as objectification, stereotypes, power dynamics, unrealistic ideals etc. Advertising that emphasizes a woman's physical appearance over her skills or uniqueness may objectify women by portraying them
primarily as objects of desire or as a means of enhancing the attraction of the product. Stereotypes: By portraying women in passive or submissive roles or by highlighting their beauty, sexuality, or domesticity, advertisements may promote traditional gender norms and stereotypes.
Advertisements may show an imbalance of power between men and women, with males depicted as dominating and women as dependent or submissive. Ads may promote unrealistic beauty standards, suggesting that women must adhere to a limited and frequently unreachable definition of appearance.
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How long does it take for an investment earning interest at a rate of 12% compounded daily (i.e., 365 times a year) to triple in value? Exact length of time (without using a calculator), t =_______ years
The exact length of time (t) it takes for the investment to triple in value at an interest rate of 12% compounded daily is approximately 600 years.
To determine the exact length of time it takes for an investment to triple in value at an interest rate of 12% compounded daily (365 times a year), we can use the concept of the rule of 72.
The rule of 72 states that the approximate time it takes for an investment to double in value can be calculated by dividing 72 by the annual interest rate. In this case, we want to triple the investment, so we can modify the rule of 72 to determine the time to triple.
Time to triple ≈ 72 / Annual interest rate
In this case, the annual interest rate is 12%, which we need to convert to a decimal by dividing it by 100.
Time to triple ≈ 72 / 0.12
Simplifying the equation:
Time to triple ≈ 600
Therefore, without using a calculator, the exact length of time (t) it takes for the investment to triple in value at an interest rate of 12% compounded daily is approximately 600 years.
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Marie Lincoln is a head of household. She is 37 years old and her address is 4110 N.E. 13th Stree, Miami, FL 33127. Additional Information about Ms. Lincoln is as follows:
Social Security number: 412-34-5670
Date of birth: 1/14/1975
W-2 for Marie shows these amounts:
wages (box 1) = $43, 600.00
federal w/h (box 2)= $6,540
social security wages (box 3)= $43,600
social security w/h (box 4)= $1,831.20
medicare wages (box 5)= $43,600
medicare w/h (box 6)= $632.20
Marie Lincoln's W-2 form shows her income of $43,600 with federal withholding of $6,540, Social Security withholding of $1,831.20, and Medicare withholding of $632.20.
Marie Lincoln, residing at 4110 N.E. 13th Street, Miami, FL 33127, is a 37-year-old head of household. Her Social Security number is 412-34-5670, and her date of birth is 1/14/1975. The provided W-2 form for Marie shows the following amounts:
Wages (box 1): $43,600.00
Federal withholding (box 2): $6,540
Social Security wages (box 3): $43,600
Social Security withholding (box 4): $1,831.20
Medicare wages (box 5): $43,600
Medicare withholding (box 6): $632.20
These figures indicate Marie's earnings and the corresponding taxes withheld for federal income tax, Social Security, and Medicare. The wages in box 1 represent her total earnings for the given period, while the amounts in boxes 2, 4, and 6 represent the respective tax withholdings.
In summary, Marie Lincoln's W-2 form reveals her income of $43,600, with federal withholding of $6,540, Social Security withholding of $1,831.20, and Medicare withholding of $632.20.
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Reputation is a "perceptual identity. Describe how a company's
reputation can
reputation can be affected by employees' actions. Would you check
social media to research your candidates for their personal characteristics,
accomplishments, and demonstrated behaviours? Why or why not?
Social media can provide valuable information about a candidate's professional experience and accomplishments, as well as their communication style, personality, and interests. However, it is important to use this information ethically and to avoid discrimination based on personal characteristics or beliefs.
Reputation is a "perceptual identity". A company's reputation is its perception in the market, among its customers, and among its competitors. A company's reputation can be affected by its employees' actions. A company's reputation can be damaged by the negative actions of its employees, and it can be enhanced by their positive actions. For example, a company's reputation can be damaged if an employee behaves in an unethical manner or if an employee mistreats a customer.On the other hand, if an employee provides excellent customer service or goes out of their way to help a customer, it can enhance the company's reputation. Yes, checking social media to research candidates for their personal characteristics, accomplishments, and demonstrated behaviors is a good idea. Because social media profiles are often public and provide insight into a candidate's character, interests, and hobbies. Social media can provide valuable information about a candidate's professional experience and accomplishments, as well as their communication style, personality, and interests. However, it is important to use this information ethically and to avoid discrimination based on personal characteristics or beliefs.
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For this assignment, you will write an elevator pitch for a city you think one should visit.
Choose any city with which you’re familiar and prepare a (maximum) 1-minute pitch on why someone should visit that city.
Think about:
•What does the city have to offer?
•What is so special about that city? (Food, architecture, language, etc.)
•What is the ‘unique value proposition’ for that city?
If you're looking for a city that has it all - vibrant arts, incredible food, stunning architecture, and a friendly atmosphere - then look no further than the city of Montreal. As the second-largest city in Canada, Montreal is a multicultural melting pot that has something to offer every visitor.
For starters, the city is home to an impressive array of museums and art galleries, including the world-famous Montreal Museum of Fine Arts and the Musée d'art Contemporain de Montréal. In terms of food, Montreal is known for its incredible cuisine, from poutine and bagels to smoked meat and maple syrup. The city's architecture is also impressive, with stunning historic buildings and modern skyscrapers coexisting side by side. But what really sets Montreal apart is its unique cultural blend of French and English, making it a truly unique place to visit. With its perfect combination of history, culture, and gastronomy, Montreal is a must-visit destination that will leave you wanting more.
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Weekly demand for a certain product is normally distributed with mean 200 and standard deviation 10. The source of supply is reliable and maintains a constant leadtime of 1 week. The cost of placing an order is $10 and annual holding cost is $3 per unit. Assume 52 weeks per year. Management wants to satisfy a 95% probability of not running out of stock in any one ordering cycle.
1. What is the average demand during leadtime?
2. What is the standard deviation of demand during leadtime?
3. What should be the safety stock?
4. What should be the reorder point?
5. What should be the order quantity?
6. State the ordering policy by using a sentence.
1. The average demand during the lead time is 200 units.
2. The standard deviation of demand during the lead time is 10 units.
3. The safety stock is 1.645 * 10 = 16.45 units.
4. The reorder point is 200 (average demand during lead time) + 16.45 (safety stock) = 216.45 units.
5. The order quantity is the square root of [(2 * 10,400 * 10) / 3] = 406.31 units. Since the order quantity should be a whole number, it can be rounded up to 407 units.
6. The ordering policy determines when and how much inventory should be ordered to meet customer demand while minimizing costs and maintaining optimal stock levels.
1. The average demand during the lead time can be calculated by multiplying the average weekly demand by the lead time. In this case, the average weekly demand is 200 units, and the lead time is 1 week. Therefore, the average demand during the lead time is 200 units.
2. The standard deviation of demand during the lead time can be calculated by multiplying the standard deviation of the weekly demand by the square root of the lead time. In this case, the standard deviation of the weekly demand is 10 units, and the lead time is 1 week. Therefore, the standard deviation of demand during the lead time is 10 units.
3. The safety stock is the buffer stock that a company maintains to protect against unexpected variations in demand or lead time.
To calculate the safety stock, we need to determine the desired service level. In this case, the management wants to satisfy a 95% probability of not running out of stock in any one ordering cycle. By referring to a standard normal distribution table, we can find the z-score corresponding to a 95% probability, which is approximately 1.645.
The safety stock can be calculated by multiplying the z-score by the standard deviation of demand during the lead time. In this case, the safety stock is 1.645 * 10 = 16.45 units.
4. The reorder point is the inventory level at which a new order should be placed to replenish the stock. It is calculated by adding the lead time demand (average demand during lead time) and the safety stock. In this case, the reorder point is 200 (average demand during lead time) + 16.45 (safety stock) = 216.45 units.
5. The order quantity is the number of units that should be ordered each time to replenish the stock. It can be calculated using the economic order quantity (EOQ) formula, which is the square root of [(2 * annual demand * cost per order) / holding cost per unit]. In this case, the annual demand is 200 * 52 = 10,400 units, the cost per order is $10, and the holding cost per unit is $3. Therefore, the order quantity is the square root of [(2 * 10,400 * 10) / 3] = 406.31 units. Since the order quantity should be a whole number, it can be rounded up to 407 units.
6. The ordering policy can be stated as follows: "To maintain a 95% probability of not running out of stock in any one ordering cycle, the company should reorder when the inventory level reaches 216.45 units.
The order quantity should be 407 units." This policy ensures that the company has enough stock to meet demand during the lead time and provides a buffer (safety stock) to account for any unexpected variations.
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Suppose that the market demand and supply for broccoli is given as follows:Demand: Q = 87 - 3.6PSupply: Q = -3 + 2.6PA supply shock caused by recent floods shifts the supply curve to Q = -31 + 2.6P. How much must consumers be subsidised per unit of broccoli purchased so that the quantity transacted on the market returns to the level before the supply shock.
Consumers must be subsidized by $5 per unit of broccoli purchased to restore the quantity transacted on the market to the level before the supply shock.
Initially, the market equilibrium is determined by setting the demand and supply curves equal to each other: Q = 87 - 3.6P = -3 + 2.6P. Solving this equation, we find the equilibrium price (P) to be $18 and the equilibrium quantity (Q) to be 47.
After the supply shock caused by the floods, the supply curve shifts to Q = -31 + 2.6P. To restore the quantity transacted on the market to the initial level of 47, we need to find the new equilibrium price.
Setting the new supply curve equal to the initial demand curve, we have -31 + 2.6P = 87 - 3.6P. Solving this equation, we find the new equilibrium price to be $23. To bring the quantity transacted back to 47, a subsidy must be provided.
The subsidy per unit is equal to the difference between the new equilibrium price ($23) and the initial equilibrium price ($18), which is $5. Therefore, consumers must be subsidized by $5 per unit of broccoli purchased to restore the quantity transacted on the market to the level before the supply shock.
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