Stability can be seen in chemistry through thermodynamics or kinetic stability.
There are two possible meanings of stability when it refers to coordination compounds (metal complexes): kinetic stability or thermodynamic stability.
The change in energy when reactants become products or G for the reaction is referred to as thermodynamic stability. Reactivity, or generally ligand substitution, is referred to as kinetic stability. In some situations, substitution happens relatively quickly, while in others, it happens quite slowly. Complexes of the first type are known as labile, whereas those of the second type are known as inert. These two forms of stability can sometimes be parallel to one another, but they are frequently not.The energetics and associated equilibrium constant for the reaction of an aquated metal ion with another ligand is frequently referred to as the reaction's "thermodynamic stability" (other than water). The stability constant () is equal to the instability constant reciprocated.Learn more about thermodynamic stability here:
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Mn2+
ions is prepared by dissolving 1.584 g of pure manganese metal in nitric acid and diluting to a final volume of 1.000 L. The following solutions are prepared by dilution. For solution A, 50.00 mL of stock solution is diluted to 1000.0 mL. For solution B, 10.00 mL of A is diluted to 250.0 mL. For solution C, 10.00 mL of B is diluted to 500.0 mL. Calculate the molar concentrations of the stock solution and solutions A, B, and C.
The molarity of the stock Mn²⁺ ions is 0.0288 M
Based on the dilution formula;
The molarity of A is 0.00144 MThe molarity of B is 0.0000576 MThe molarity of C is 0.000001152 MWhat is the molarity of a solution?The molarity of a solution is the number of moles of a solute dissolved in a given volume of solution in liters.
Molarity = number of moles/volumeThe molarity of the stock solution is:
moles of Mn²⁺ ions = mass / molar mass
molar mass of Mn²⁺ ions = 55.0 g/mol
moles of Mn²⁺ ions = 1.584 / 55
moles of Mn²⁺ ions = 0.0288 moles
molarity of Mn²⁺ ions = 0.0288 / 1
molarity of Mn²⁺ ions = 0.0288 M
The dilution formula is used to determine the molarities of A, B, and C.
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
C₂ = C₁V₁ / V₂
Where;
C₁ = initial molarityV₁ = initial volumeC₂ = final molarityV₂ = final volumeMolarity of A = 50 * 0.0288 / 1000
Molarity of A = 0.00144 M
Molarity of B = 10 * 0.00144 / 250
Molarity of B = 0.0000576 M
Molarity of C = 10 * 0.0000576 / 500
Molarity of C = 0.000001152 M
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When chromium changes from an oxidation state of +3 to that of +6, the Cr3+ must:
A. gain 6 electrons B. lose 6 electrons
C. lose 3 electrons D. gain 3 electrons
When chromium changes from an oxidation state of +3 to that of +6, the Cr3+ must: lose 3 electrons.
So option C is correct.
What is an oxidation state?
The oxidation state or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic which describes the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. In any concept, the oxidation state may be positive, negative or zero.
When chromium changes from an oxidation state of +3 to + 6 it loses 3 electrons during the process. For example oxidation state of elemental atoms such as sodium, magnesium, iron is zero.
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An ideal gas sample has a certain volume at 350 K and 1 atm. The volume of the
same sample at STP will be closest to the volume at 350 K and 1 atm multiplied by:
A. 350/273
B. 350/298
C. 298/350
D. 273/350
From the general gas equation, the volume of the same sample of gas at STP will be closest to the volume at 350 K and 1 atm multiplied by 273/350; option D.
What is the relationship between the volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas?The relationship between the volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas is given by the general gas equation below:
P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂
Where;
P₁ = initial pressure
V₁ = initial volume
T₁ = initial temperature
P₂ = final pressure
V₂ = final volume
T₂ = final temperature
Solving for V₂;
V₂ = P₁V₁T₂ / P₂T₁
V₂ = 350 * 1 * 273/350
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0.499 g of NaOH (MM = 40.00 g/mol) is dissolved in 150.00 mL of water, what is the theoretical molarity of NaOH?
Answer:
0.0833 M NaOH
Explanation:
To calculate the molarity, you need to
(1) convert grams NaOH to moles (using the molar mass)
(2) convert mL to liters
(3) calculate the molarity
It is important to arrange the ratios/conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs like the given value with the smallest amount of sig figs (0.499 = 3 sig figs).
0.499 g NaOH 1 mole
-------------------------- x ------------------ = 0.0125 moles NaOH
40.00 g
150.00 mL H₂O 1 L
--------------------------- x ------------------ = 0.15000 L H₂O
1,000 mL
Molarity = moles / volume
Molarity = 0.0125 moles NaOH / 0.15000 L H₂O
Molarity = 0.0833 M
Communities often have disposal sites where people can safely dispose of medications, household cleaners and waste instead of pouring them down their sink drains.
How does this impact the environment?
reduces water pollution
reduces waste recycling
improves land conservation
reduces fossil fuel consumption
Having disposal sites where people can safely dispose of medications, household cleaners and waste instead of pouring them down their sink drains impacts the environment by reducing water pollution.
What is water pollution?
When chemicals contaminate water sources, the water in these water bodies becomes unsafe and harmful for use in drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other activities. This contamination of water bodies is called water pollution.Chemicals, waste, microorganisms, and parasites are examples of pollutants affecting the water bodies.Pouring chemicals down the drain poses the most immediate risk of water pollution. Chemicals are harmful for consumption by all living things when they are dumped down the drain because of the effects they have on our rivers, lakes, streams, and other water supplies.
In regions where contamination is happening, human health might suffer, which can cause serious health problems. Animals and plants that are given contaminated water get sick and die, which has an impact on agriculture as well.
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Hi, can someone please help me out with finding the answers.
write the IUPAC name and the Molecular formula
The IUPAC name and molecular formula for the following are,
a) prop-1-yne, C3H4
b) non-4-yne, C9H16
c) hex-3-yne, C6H10
What is IUPAC name?
International Unit for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is the method of naming the organic compounds in chemistry. It creates a standardized naming for the chemical compounds. There are prefixes, suffixes and parent chain considered while naming a compound.
The IUPAC name can be written by counting the parent chain carbons and considering the functional group present which is a triple bond in the given compounds. The molecular formula can be written by counting the number of different atoms present in the compound.
Therefore, the IUPAC name and molecular formula of the given compounds can be written as,
a) prop-1-yne, C3H4
b) non-4-yne, C9H16
c) hex-3-yne, C6H10
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a carbon is found to form two oxide, which contain 42.9% and 27.3%carbon respectively, show that these figure illustrate the law multiple proportional
The empirical formulas of the two oxides are CO and [tex]CO_2[/tex] respectively. Thus, the figures illustrate the law of multiple proportions.
Law of multiple proportionsThe law of multiple proportions states that when two elements form more than one compound, the ratios of the masses of the second element which combine with a fixed mass of the first element will always be ratios of small whole numbers.
Now, let's see if the figures quoted in the problem obey this law:
The first oxide:
C = 42.9
O = 100-42.9
= 57.1
The equivalent mole of each atom would be:
C = 42.9/12
= 3.56
O = 57.1/16
= 3.56
Thus, the empirical formula of the first oxide is CO.
The second oxide:
C = 27.3
O = 100 - 27.3
= 72.7
The equivalent mole of each atom will be:
C = 27.3/12
= 2.27
O = 72.7/16
= 4.54
Dividing the moles by the smallest mole
C = 2.27/2.27
= 1
O = 4.54/2.27
= 2
Thus, the empirical formula of the second oxide is [tex]CO_2[/tex].
In other words, the figures quoted obeys the law of multiple proportions.
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In a murder case, the prosecutor shows a photo to demonstrate the position of the body in relation to the rest of the crime scene. What type of photograph was MOST likely shown?
A.
an overview photograph
B.
an intermediate photograph
C.
a close-up photograph
D.
a personal photograph
A close-up photograph must be taken by the prosecutor to demonstrate the position of the body in relation to the rest of the crime scene.
For criminal investigation analysis, it becomes important to capture photographs from those areas in which acts of violence took place. To record the crime scene in more detail the photograph must be taken from close range and also with perfection. Close range photographs enables the viewer to understand where and how the crime was committed. The photographs of entry and exit of the crime scene is taken so carefully to observe the movement of the criminal before and after of the crime.
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Answer: C
Explanation:
25 POINTS!!! PLS DO IT FAST In each test, iron(II) sulfate and iron(III) nitrate were combined with the same substance or substances. However, the sulfate and nitrate parts of the compounds didn’t participate in any of the chemical reactions; only the iron ions reacted. Comparing the results for each pair of tests, what can you conclude about the iron(II) and iron(III) ions?
Comparing the results for each pair of tests, we conclude that Displacement reaction is taking place.
In the displacement reaction , one atom is displaced by the the another atom according to their reactive strength . the highly reactive atom displace the low reactive atom called as displacement reaction.
The reactions are given as :
FeSO₄ + Zn ----> ZnSO₄ + Fe
Fe(NO₃)₂ + Zn -----> Zn(NO₃)₂ + Fe
Here the zinc is more reactive than the iron . so, Zinc displace the iron in both the cases. Zinc displace the iron in both the cases. The reaction is called as displacement reaction.
Thus, Comparing the results for each pair of tests, we conclude that Displacement reaction is taking place.
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How many grams of HCl are in 1 L of 6 M HCl
16 grams of HCl are in 1 L of 6 M HCl
Number of moles of a substance is actually the ratio of the given mass in the chemical reaction to the mass of one mole of substance. One mole of any substance equals Avogadro's number. It is also used to express concentration units such as mole per liter or molecular weight
Formula for molarity of solute is given as:
Molarity = moles of solute
Volume of solution in liter
moles of solute = Volume of solution × Molarity
moles of solute = 1L × 6M ⇒ 6moles
Mass of HCl = Number of moles × Molecular weights
= 6 × 36.5 ⇒ 16 grams
Therefore the 16 grams of HCl are in 1 L of 6 M HCl
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What are some non-examples of the Van der Waals force?
Answer:
These forces differ from covalent and ionic chemical bonding because they result from fluctuations in charge density of particles. Examples of van der Waals forces include hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces, and dipole-dipole interactions.
Explanation:
is neon a metal or a non metal
Explanation:
Neon is a non-metal. it belongs to group 8 or 18 of the periodic table of elements and is also referred to as a noble gas.
I need help on question number 3 please
Answer:
.......element 3 ............
What is a spontaneous reaction?
OA. A reaction with a high activation energy
OB. A reaction that occurs without the addition of energy
OC. A reaction with a low activation energy
OD. A reaction that requires an input of energy to occur
Spontaneous reaction is a reaction that occurs without the addition of energy
There are two types of reactions in thermodynamics:
Endothermic reactions -
They are chemical reactions in which the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products.Endothermic reactions are typically non- spontaneous reactionsThey generally involve the formation of chemical bonds through the absorption of heat from the surroundings.Exothermic reactions -
An Exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that involves release of energy in the form of heat or light.Exothermic reactions are spontaneous at room temperatureThey involve the release of heat energy generated from bond-breakageThus we can conclude that spontaneous reaction is a reaction that occurs without the addition of energy
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20 POINTS PLEASE HELP
NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate forms NADPH by combining with the H+ ion and two electrons. Thus, option C is correct.
What is NADP ?NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is a reducing agent in electron transport chains of metabolic processes in living things. NADPH is the reduced form of NADP.
In biochemical reactions such as glycolysis, photosynthesis etc, NADP plays a significant role as a reducing agent. NADP and NADPH together are called the redox couple and they maintain cellular redox homeostasis.
Hydrogenation of molecules is called reduction and thus the NADP+ reduces to its NADPH by combining with a two electrons and H+. Hence option C is correct.
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Someone help, I don't understand this please.
Calculate the average atomic mass of magnesium, given the data in the table below. Show your work.
Magnesium - 24 / Mass 23.9850 / Percent Abundance 78.99%
Magnesium - 25 / Mass 24.9859 / Percent Abundance 10.00%
Magnesium - 25 / Mass 25.9825 / Percent Abundance 11.01%
Answer:
24.984466667
Explanation:
add all mass values and divide by amount (3)
a beam of electrons,neutrons and protons can be separated by passing them through an electric field.
Which direction does each particle follow?
Answer:
the protons go in the direction of C, the electrons go in the direction of A and neutrons go the direction of B.
Explanation:
this is because electrons get attracted to positively charged objects and protons get attracted to negatively charged objects and neutrons have no attraction towards any charge.
An element from Group 13 bonds with an element from Group 17. Which formula correctly depicts the correct chemical formula for elements from these two groups?A AlCl3AlCl 3 B BFBF C BrGa3BrGa 3 D B3I
When metals and non metals combine in fixed proportion then a chemical compound is formed So, the compound that will be formed from group 13 elements and group 17 is AlCl₃.
What is chemical formula?
Chemical formula is a formula where cation and anion combine to form a molecule in fixed proportion. Metals combine in form of cation and non metals combine in form of anion.
Cation is the species that give electron and attain positive charge while anion is a species which gain electron and attains negative charge so when anion and cation combine in fixed ration the the overall charge of the molecule is zero that is molecule is neutral, the charge over cation and anion is also called oxidation state. the compound that will be formed from group 13 elements and group 17 is AlCl₃.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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how many signals will be expected in the 1H NMR spectrum of the following compound?
In this compound, there would be five proton NMR signals,
What is the proton NMR spectrum?We know that the acronym NMR means nuclear magnetic resonance. It has to do with the kind of spectrum in which the kind of chemical environment where the proton is found would impact the spectrum that is observed in the compound.
The first thing that we need to look at and find out in the image is to be able to find out the number of chemical environments that we have in the compound as we can see it in the image.
By studying the compound closely, we can see that there are four different proton chemical environments that we can be able to see and map out from the compound and it is these chemical environments that tell us the number of signals to expect.
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A bath bomb is a solid sphere made of a weak base and a weak acid. When you add it to a bathtub, it mixes with the water to create a soapy solution. If you want it to completely and quickly dissolve a large bath bomb, what might you do?
A. Decrease the water volume, which increases the solubility of the bath bomb - dissolving it more quickly.
B. Decrease the water temperature, which increases the solubility of the bath bomb - dissolving it more quickly.
C. Increase the water temperature, which increases the solubility of the bath bomb - dissolving it more quickly.
D. Increase the water acidity to a pH of 2, which increases neutralization of the bath bomb - and then take a shower, instead
In a case whereby A bath bomb is a solid sphere made of a weak base and a weak acid and you add it to a bathtub, it mixes with the water to create a soapy solution. If you want it to completely and quickly dissolve a large bath bomb, then C. Increase the water temperature, which increases the solubility of the bath bomb - dissolving it more quickly.
What is Solubility?Solubility can be described as the maximum amount of a substance which candissolve when subjected to given amount of solvent at a specified temperature.
It should be noted that the Solubility i serves as the characteristic property that can be associated to a specific solute–solvent combination and there is a differing solubilities, hence from the case aboive when the tempertaure is been increased , this will increases the solubility of the bath bomb .
Therefore, option C is correct.
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A chemist prepares a solution of mercury(I) chloride ( Hg2Cl2) by measuring out 0.000406 umol of mercury(I) chloride into a 200. mL volumetric flask and filling the flask to mark with water.
calculate the concentration in mmol/L of the chemist's mercury(I) chloride solution. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
The concentration in mmol/L of the chemist's mercury(I) chloride solution. is 2.03 × 10^-8 M
We are given;
Number of moles of mercury (i) chloride as 0.000406 μmol
Volume is 200 mL
We are required to calculate the concentration of the solution.
We need to know that;
Concentration is also known as molarity is given by;
Molarity = Number of moles ÷ Volume
Number of moles = 4.06 × 10^-10 Moles
Volume = 0.02 L
Therefore;
Concentration = 4.06 × 10^-10 Moles ÷ 0.02L
= 2.03 × 10^-8 M
Thus, the molarity of the solution is 2.03× 10^-8 M.
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10. Help, question is in picture below!
The set of reactions that best represents the diagram of a precipitation reaction is given below:
Li₂SO₄ (aq) + AgNO₃ (aq) ---->
The net ionic equation is given below:
SO₄²⁺ (aq) + 2 Ag⁺ (aq) ----> Ag₂SO₄ (s) (a precipitate)
What are precipitation reactions?Precipitation reactions are reactions in which two soluble solutions when they are mixed result in the formation of an insoluble precipitate.
Precipitation reactions rea usually double replacement reactions.
Double replacement reactions also known as double displacement reactions are reactions in which an exchange of radicals occurs between two metallic cations resulting in the formation of an insoluble compound that forms the precipitate observed.
Considering the given reactions and the products obtained:
NH₄Br (aq) + Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂ (aq) ---> forms no precipitate
KNO₃ (aq) + CuCl₂(aq) ----> forms no precipitate
Li₂SO₄ (aq) + 2 AgNO₃ (aq) ----> 2 LiNO₃ (aq) + Ag₂SO₄ (s) (forms a precipitate)
NaClO₄ (aq) + CaCl₂ (aq) ----> forms no precipitate
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how many moles of iron (ii) sulphate were reacted during the experiment that produced this equation NaOH(aq) + FeSO(sq) ->Na2SO4(aq) + Fe (OH) 2 (s)
Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. One mole of iron (ii) sulphate were reacted during the experiment.
What is mole?The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity or amount of substance. We know one mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.
The balanced equation is
FeSO[tex]_4[/tex](aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] Fe (OH)[tex]_2[/tex] + Na [tex]_2[/tex] SO [tex]_4[/tex]
Stoichiometry, thet is written in the front of molecule or compound represents the number of moles of that compound. One mole of iron (ii) sulphate were reacted during the experiment.
Therefore, One mole of iron (ii) sulphate were reacted during the experiment.
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1. The symbol of an element represents one atom of that element.
e.g. Ca
= 1 calcium atom
A sample of a concentrated hydrochloric acid is 11.8Molarity and has a density 1.19 gram per mili liter calculate the mass percentage of HCl?
The mass percentage of HCl 11,900x/118 g and molality of solution is 9.915 mol L^-1.
Molarity = 11.8 M
Molarity = (moles of HCl) / (litres of solution)
Molality = (moles of HCl) / (kilograms of solvent)
=> Let number of moles of HCl present be x moles.
So, 11.8 = x/litres of solution
litres of solution = x/11.8 litres.
So, volume in mL = x/11.8 * 1000 mL =>10,000x/118 mL
Density of solution = 1.19 g/ml
So, D = m/v
Mass of solution = D * v => 1.19 * 10,000x/118 => 11,900x/118 g
=> (11,900x/118)/1000 L => 11.9x/118 litres
Moles of HCl = x moles.
Molality = x/( 11.9x/118)
=> 118x/11.9x => 118/11.9 => 9.9156 mol L-1
=> Molality of solution = 9.915 mol L-1 (approx.)
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calculate molality 6.20g LiBr in 52.6g water
The molality of 6.2g of LiBr in 52.6g water is 0.0013mol/kg
The molecular weight of LiBr is 86.845 g/mol thus substituting this value in the formula of moles,
Moles of LiBr = grams/molecular weight
Moles of LiBr = 6.20/ 86.845
Moles of LiBr = 0.071 mol
Substituting the value of moles in the formula of molality
Molality= moles/grams of solvent
Molality= 0.071/52.6
Molality= 0.0013 mol/g
Molality, or more specifically, the number of moles of solute contained in a kilogram of solvent, is a unit used to express the concentration of a solution.
The quantity of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent is known as molality, which is denoted by a tiny "m."
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Aqueous copper (II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2 reacts with aqueous potassium carbonate, K2CO3 forming solid copper (II) carbonate, Cu(CO3).
Answer:
Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + K2CO3 (aq) => CuCO3 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)
Explanation:
I interpret your question is how to balance the above reaction, right?
Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + K2CO3 (aq) => CuCO3 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)
Cu: 2
NO3: 2
K: 2
CO3: 2
True or false
Inertia and distance combine to keep Earth in orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around Earth.
The statement " Inertia and distance combine to keep Earth in orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around Earth " is false.
Why Inertia and distance does not combine to keep Earth in orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around Earth?According to Sir Isaac Newton, he proposed and concluded in his investigation that the earth is being kept in its orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around Earth by means of gravity and inertia. This is not done through inertia and distance.
In conclusion, it can be deduced from the explanation given above that inertia and gravity combine to keep the earth in orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around Earth.
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Outline process of preparing 0.1 M silver nitrate solution given deionized water,clean and dry volumetric flask(100ml) and silver nitrate crystals
1.6987 grams the silver nitrate crystals is weighed, 100 mL of water is measured, and the weighed silver nitrate is dissolved in the measured amount of water.
Solution preparationWe are to prepare a 0.1 M silver nitrate solution given the following:
Crystals of silver nitrateClean and dry volumetric flaskDeionized waterWeighing balanceFirst, we need to make some calculations to make the amount of silver nitrate and water that will be used.
0.1 M means 0.1 mol silver nitrate crystal in 1 L of water. However, we only have a 100 mL volumetric flask. We need to know the mol amount that will be equivalent to 100 mL of water.
0.1 mol = 1000 mL
100 mL = 100 x 0.1/1000
= 0.01 mol
Mole = mass/molar mass
Molar mass of silver nitrate = 169.87 g/mol
0.01 mol silver nitrate = 0.01 x 169.87
= 1.6987 grams
Thus, 1.6987 grams of silver nitrate would be weighed.
The following steps would be taken to prepare the solution:
Weigh out 1.6987 grams of the silver nitrate crystals.Measure out 100 mL of the deionized water using the volumetric flask.Dissolve the weighed silver nitrate into the measured waterWhat you will have is 100 mL of 0.1 M silver nitrate solution.
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Calculate the mass percent of the following solution: 65g of KCl in 46.6g of water
Considering the definition of mass percent, the mass percent of a solution of 65g of KCl in 46.6g of water is 58.24%.
Mass percentThe mass percent is a measure of the amount of mass that an element occupies in a compound and indicates the percentage by mass of each element that is part of a compound.
The mass percent is calculated as the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution, the result of which is multiplied by 100 to give a percentage. This is:
mass percent= (mass of solute÷ mass of solution)× 100%
Mass percent in this caseIn this case, you know:
mass of solute (KCl)= 65 gmass of water= 46.6 gmass of solution= mass of solute + mass of water= 65 gr + 46.6 g= 111.6 gReplacing in the definition of mass percent:
mass percent= (65 g÷ 111.6 g)× 100%
Solving:
mass percent= 58.24%
Finally, the mass percent is 58.24%.
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