What is the component concentration ratio, [CH3COO−]/[CH3COOH], of a buffer that has a pH of 4.650? (Ka of CH3COOH = 1.8 × 10−5)

Answer:

0.674 moles HNO₃

Explanation:

To find the moles of HNO₃, you need to (1) convert grams NO₂ to moles NO₂ (via molar mass) and then (2) convert moles NO₂ to moles HNO₃ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value (46.5 g).

Molar Mass (NO₂): 14.007 g/mol + 2(15.998 g/mol)

Molar Mass (NO₂): 46.003 g/mol

3 NO₂(g) + H₂O (l) ------> 2 HNO₃(g) + NO(g)

46.5 g NO₂            1 mole                2 moles HNO₃
-------------------  x  -------------------  x  --------------------------  =  0.674 moles HNO₃
                              46.003 g             3 moles NO₂

The amount of heat energy (in KJ) needed to convert 3 moles of water vapor into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas is 1450.8 KJ

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation. This is illustrated below:

2H₂ + O₂ --> 2H₂O ΔH = 483.6 KJ

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of water (H₂O) required 483.6 KJ to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas

The heat energy needed to convert 3 moles of water can be obtained as illustrated below:

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of water (H₂O) required 483.6 KJ to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas

Therefore,

3 moles of water (H₂O) will require = 3 × 483.6 = 1450.8 KJ to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas

Thus, we can conclude that the energy needed to convert 3 moles of water is 1450.8 KJ

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A. The balanced chemical reaction of Sodium metal and Water is 2Na  +  2H₂O  →  2NaOH    +   H₂.

A balanced equation contains the same number of each type of atoms on both the left and right sides of the reaction arrow.

Sodium metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2).

The balanced chemical reaction is written below;

2Na  +  2H₂O  →  2NaOH    +   H₂

Thus, the balanced chemical reaction of Sodium metal and Water is 2Na  +  2H₂O  →  2NaOH    +   H₂.

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The equilibrium constant of a reaction, [tex]K_{c}[/tex]  = 6.44 * 10⁵; option C.

Equilibrium constant, [tex]K_{c}[/tex] of a reaction is a measure of the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of the products of a reaction, to the equilibrium concentration of the reactants; with each concentration raised to the exponent corresponding to the coefficient in the balanced equation of the reaction.

[tex]K_{c} = \frac{(products)^{a}}{(reactants)^{b}}[/tex]

The balanced equation of the given reaction is as follows:

The concentrations at equilibrium of the species are as follows:

[NO] = 0.0542 M,

[O₂] = 0.127 M, and

[NO₂] = 15.5 M

Equilibrium constant, [tex]K_{c}[/tex] = (15.5)²/(0.127) * (0.0542)²

[tex]K_{c}[/tex]  = 6.44 * 10⁵

In conclusion, the equilibrium constant of a reaction, tells on in which direction, the reaction is favored at equilibrium.

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The Molar enthalpy of combustion of methanol obtained from the practical is -31.02 kJ/mol.

The molar enthalpy of combustion from bond energies, ΔH is -543 kJ/mol

The differences in the values could be due to:

The actual enthalpy of combustion of methanol is calculated from the data obtained from the laboratory work.

The enthalpy of combustion is equal to the heat energy given off from the combustion of methanol.

Quantity of heat gained by water , q = -mcθ

where:

mass of water heated = 100 g

specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J/g/°C

temperature change = 32.4°C - 21.5°C = 10.9°C

q = -(100 * 4.18 * 10.9) J

q = - 4556.2 J

moles of methanol reacted = mass/molar mass

mass of methanol = 80.6 - 75.9 = 4.7 g

molar mass of methanol = 32 g/mol

moles of methanol = 4.7/32 = 0.14687 moles

Molar enthalpy of combustion of methanol = -4556.2 J/0.14687 mole

Molar enthalpy of combustion of methanol = -31.02 kJ/mol

Calculating molar enthalpy of combustion from bond energies:

Sum of bond energies of bonds broken = (3 * 412) + 358 + 463 + (1.5 * 496) + 35 = 2836 kJ/mol

Sum of bond energies of bonds formed = (2 * 743) + 2(2 * 463) + 41 = 3379 kJ/mol

ΔH = 2836 kJ/mol - 3379 kJ/mol

ΔH = -543 kJ/mol

The value obtained from the practical is less than that from the bond energies

b. The possible reasons for the difference in value obtained from the practical is less than that from the bond energies include:

In conclusion, the molar enthalpy of combustion of methanol is negative since heat is given off during the reaction.

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The true statements are;

Now we can see that the reaction here is a redox reaction. Thus;

Eocell = cell potential = 0.54 - (-0.41) = 0.95 V

K = equilibrium constant = ?

n = number of moles of electrons = 2

ΔG = change in free energy = ?

Hence;

Eocell = 0.0592/n log K

0.95 = 0.0592/2 log K

K = 0.95 * 2/0.0592

K = 1.2 * 10^32

Now

ΔG = -nFEcell

ΔG = - (2 * 96500 *  0.95)

ΔG = -183.3kJ

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Answer:

52.57 Celsius

Explanation:

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Gay-Lussac's law

P1/T1 = P2/T2

pressure 1 / temperature1 = pressure2 / temperature2

temperature has to be in kelvin

20 degrees Celsius is 293.15

1.8 / 293.15 = 2.0 / temperature2

1.8 / 293.15 = 2.0 / x

293.15 * 2.0 = 586.3

586.3 divided by 1.8 =

325.722222222 kelvin which is

52.57222222200005 Celsius

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The amount of the nitrogen gas, N₂ molecules present is 2.68×10²² molecules

1 mole of N₂ = 6.02×10²³ molecules

We'll begin by calculating the number of mole of N₂. This can be obtained as follow:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of N₂ = 1.25 / 28.02

Mole of N₂ = 0.0446 mole

From Avogadro's hypothesis,

1 mole of N₂ = 6.02×10²³ molecules

Therefore,

0.0446 mole N₂ = 0.0446 × 6.02×10²³

0.0446 mole N₂ = 2.68×10²² molecules

Thus, the molecules of N₂ present is 2.68×10²² molecules

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Sn^2+ + Br2 ---> Sn^4+ + 2Br^- is referred to as a non-spontaneous redox reaction.

This type of reaction doesn't favor the formation of the product and must be endothermic.

In the reaction above under the given conditions, ΔG is positive and it is intended to form Sn(s) and Br(l) through the reduction of tin cation to make bromine liquid and tin solid. This therefore points to the direction of the reaction being non-spontaneous one.

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Potassium (K) has the greater tendency to be oxidized when compared to Lithium (Li).

Oxidation is a chemical process triggered by the reaction between an compound and an oxidizing agent. The agent is what gains electrons and undergoes reduction, causing what is called oxidation.

With that being said, as you go down the alkali metal group, the ionisation energy decreases. The tendency of an atom to give its electron (or get oxidised) increases. Therefore, potassium oxidises more easily than lithium or in other words, potassium has a lesser tendency to get reduced compared to lithium.

As lithium has a higher tendency to get reduced than potassium, lithium gets deposited instead of potassium.

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C2H4 is oxidized and O2 is reduced in both reactions.

Oxidation is defined in several ways. Some of the definitions are:

Reduction, on the other hand, is defined as:

In the two reactions, oxygen is being added to C2H4. Thus, C2H4 is being oxidized.

The oxidizing agent is O2. In oxidation reactions, the oxidizing agents usually get reduced. Thus, O2 is reduced in both reactions.

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The solubility of AgCl is 18 × [tex]10^-^1^0[/tex] in a 0.1M solution of CuCl₂.

The amount of a substance that can dissolve completely in a solvent at a specific temperature is known as its solubility. A saturated solution is one such example.

The maximum number of moles per liter of solution can be dissolved before the solution becomes saturated.

The equilibrium in the saturated solution will be as :

[tex]AgCl[/tex] ⇄ [tex]Ag ^+ + Cl ^-[/tex]

 [tex]a[/tex]           [tex]a[/tex]         [tex]a[/tex]

[tex]CuCl_2[/tex] ⇄ [tex]Cu^2^+ + Cl^-[/tex]

  [tex]0.1[/tex]        [tex]0.1[/tex]          [tex]0.1[/tex]

Ksp = [tex]1.8[/tex] × [tex]10^ -^1^0[/tex]

The solubility product constant: Ksp is the equilibrium constant for the dissolving of an ionic compound in water. Ksp is a function of temperature.

[tex]ksp AgCl = [ Ag ^+ ] [ Cl^-]\\[/tex]

             [tex]= a[/tex]×[tex][ a + 0.1][/tex]

             [tex]= a^2 + 0.1a[/tex]

[tex]a^2[/tex] is very small, so it is neglected.

ksp AgCl = 0.1a

[tex]1.8[/tex] × [tex]10^ -^1^0[/tex] = 0.1a

a = 18 × [tex]10^-^1^0[/tex]

Therefore, the solubility of AgCl is 18 × [tex]10^-^1^0[/tex].

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Answer:

THERE IS NO  such compound

Explanation:

Answer:

6 bonding electrons are needed.

Answer:

C.) Fluorine

Explanation:

A period describes a row on the periodic table.

Halogens are located in the 17th column on the periodic table.

As such, the element located in the second row in the 17th column is fluorine.

Toluene does not undergo reaction with bromine water due to aromatic stabilization.

The term addition reaction refers to a type of reaction in which atoms or groups are added across the double bond. This type of reaction is common to alkenes and alkynes. By this reaction, unsaturated compounds are reduced to their saturated monologues.

We know that due to aromatic stabilization, compounds that contain the aromatic sextet do not undergo addition reaction such as the addition of bromine. Rather, what occurs in such systems is a substitution reaction under appropriate conditions.

It then follows that toluene does not undergo reaction with bromine water due to aromatic stabilization.

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The equation of line q is determined as y =  ¹/₈x - ⁹/₄.

The slope of a line is the change in y axis to change in x axis.

y = – 8x + 6

from general line equation, y = mx + c

where;

m = - 8

m₂ = -1/m

m₂ = -1/-8

m₂ = 1/8

(y - y₁) / (x - x₁) = m₂

(y + 2)/(x - 2) = 1/8

y + 2 = ¹/₈(x - 2)

y + 2 = ¹/₈x -  ¹/₄

y = ¹/₈x - ⁹/₄

Thus, the equation of line q is determined as y =  ¹/₈x - ⁹/₄.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

Grinding to a powder increases the surface area of the charcoal .

The reaction of charcoal (carbon) and oxygen is sped up by grinding the charcoal into a fine powder. This is an example of increasing surface area to increase reaction rate. Option D is the answer.

Grinding charcoal into a fine powder enhances its reactivity by increasing surface area. This finer texture promotes more frequent collisions between charcoal particles and oxygen molecules, facilitating faster chemical reactions.

The heightened contact points enable efficient utilization of reactants, optimizing resource consumption. Shorter diffusion paths within smaller particles expedite reactant diffusion, aiding quicker reaction rates.

Additionally, the augmented surface area promotes efficient heat transfer, crucial in reactions involving temperature changes.

Grinding charcoal amplifies the reaction rate by maximizing interaction opportunities, accelerating the conversion of charcoal and oxygen into products.

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Symbol  "X" represents Nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic.as they have five valence electrons in their valance shell.

A Lewis form is a completely simplified illustration of the valence shell electrons in a molecule. it's miles used to expose how the electrons are organized round man or woman atoms in a molecule. Electrons are proven as dots or for bonding electrons as a line between the 2 atoms.

Lewis systems, also known as electron-dot structures or electron-dot diagrams, are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, and the lone pairs of electrons that can exist within the molecule.A Lewis form is based totally at the idea of the octet rule, wherein atoms percentage electrons in order that every atom has 8 electrons in its outer shell. for example, an oxygen atom has six electrons in its outer shell.

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The amount of heat transferred from an object depends on the following;

The initial temperature of the object

The specific heat of the object

The mass of the object

Therefore, the answer is all of the above (option B).

What is heat?

Heat is the internal energy of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium due to its temperature.

The amount of heat absorbed or released by an object can be calculated using the following expression:

Q = m × c × ∆T

Where;

Q = quantity of heat

m = mass of object

c = specific heat capacity of object

∆T = change in temperature

Therefore, this suggests that amount of heat transferred from an object depends on the following;

The initial temperature of the object

The specific heat of the object

The mass of the object

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Answer:

D.) 2 H₂ + O₂ -----> 2 H₂O

Explanation:

An equation is balanced when there is an equal amount of each element on both sides of the reaction. If these amounts are unequal, coefficients can be added to modify the amount of particular molecules.

A.) Not balanced

2 H₂ + 2 O₂ -----> H₂O

Reactants: 4 hydrogen, 4 oxygen

Products: 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

B.) Not balanced

2 H₂ + 2 O₂ -----> 2 H₂O

Reactants: 4 hydrogen, 4 oxygen

Products: 4 hydrogen, 2 oxygen

C.) Not balanced

H₂ + O₂ -----> H₂O

Reactants: 2 hydrogen, 2 oxygen

Products: 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen

D.) Balanced

2 H₂ + O₂ -----> 2 H₂O

Reactants: 4 hydrogen, 2 oxygen

Products: 4 hydrogen, 2 oxygen

D. The option that is NOT an example of a colligative property is salt water dehydrates someone that drinks it.

Colligative properties are the physical changes that result from adding solute to a solvent.

Colligative Properties depend on how many solute particles are present as well as the solvent amount, but they do NOT depend on the type of solute particles, although do depend on the type of solvent.

One important thing to note is that colligative property is going to change the melting point or the boiling point of a substance.

Thus, the option that is NOT an example of a colligative property is salt water dehydrates someone that drinks it.

The correct option is D.

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The name of the disaccharide above is sucrose

Disaccharides are substances which are composed of two molecules of simple sugars or monosaccharides linked to each other.

Below are some examples of disaccharides:

So therefore, the name of the disaccharide above is sucrose

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Answer:0

Explanation:

Since oxygen gas i.e., diatomic oxygen exists in the atmosphere in the free state, hence the oxidation state of each atom will be 0

a. The circulatory system in fish is one-directional while it is two-directional in humans.

b. P has a high concentration of carbon dioxide and low oxygen concentration whereas Q has high oxygen concentration and low carbon dioxide concentration.

The circulatory system is the system of organism and tissues which help to transport blood and other fluids through the body of a living organism.

The organs of the circulatory system include:

a. In the given diagram sowing the circulatory system of man and the fish, it can be seen that the direction of blood flow in the fish is one way through the heart. However, in humans, the direction of blood flow is two-way through the heart.

b. The gas in P has a high concentration of carbon dioxide and low oxygen concentration. However, the gas flowing through Q has high oxygen concentration and low carbon dioxide concentration.

In conclusion, the circulatory system is important in the exchange of gases in the body.

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Answer:

2.34 gms left

Explanation:

3 weeks = 21 days   =    7 half lives

300 * (1/2)^7 = 2.34 gms

Fe3+(yellow) + SCN-(colorless) <--> [FeSCN]2+(dark red)

If Fe3+ is added to the solution the solution turns darker red

While precipitating out Fe3+ (as Fe(OH)3) or SCN- (as AgSCN) will push the equilibrium to the left, consuming the complex and reducing color intensity, the addition of Fe3+ or SCN- will push the equilibrium to the right, creating more complex and intensifying the color.

The pace of reaction rises as Fe3+ levels rise. The concentration of SCN reduces as the rate rises.

The FeSCN2+ complex, which is created when iron(III) and thiocyanate ions react, displays an extremely strong blood red color (or orange in diluted solution), making it simple to detect and quantify using spectrophotometry.

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Answer:

H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) is weak acid

Explanation:

This is because weak acid is an acid that ionizes only slightly in an aqueous solution.

Answer:

0.429 M

Explanation:

To find the molarity, you need to (1) convert grams to moles (using the molar mass), then (2) convert mL to L, and then (3) calculate the molarity (using the molarity ratio).

(Step 1)

Molar Mass (NaCl): 22.990 g/mol + 35.453 g/mol

Molar Mass (NaCl): 58.443 g/mol

18.8 grams NaCl               1 mole
--------------------------  x  ------------------------  =  0.322 moles NaCl
                                     58.443 grams

(Step 2)

1,000 mL = L

 750.0 mL                1 L
------------------  x  -----------------  =  0.7500 L
                            1,000 mL

(Step 3)

Molarity (M) = moles / volume (L)

Molarity = 0.332 moles / 0.7500 L

Molarity = 0.429 M