Using theories of sweeteners, we find that C0₂ production increases when artificial sweeteners is added from alcohol fermentation of splenda and sweet 'n' lo by yeast.
Sweeteners are the ingredients that sweeten like sugar (sucrose), but may be low-calorie of synthetic substitutes. Under EU legislation, food products containing the sweetener or sweeteners must include the statement ‘with sweeteners’ on label accompanying the name of the food product. The relationship between sweeteners and negative health effects which has been studied for many years by many of different regulatory agencies, and after rigorous safety assessments and establishment of safe levels of use, certain sweeteners have been approved as the food additives.
Hence, on addition of different types of artificial sweeteners, CO₂ production increases from alcohol fermentation of splenda and sweet n lo by yeast.
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Question 4 of 25 These images show models of a sugar molecule made during photosynthesis and an amino acid molecule. How could the models be used to support the idea that the amino acid molecule contains carbon atoms from sugar molecules made by photosynthesis? © A. Both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms. © B. The molecules have similar shapes. O C. The molecules contain all the same types of atoms. © D. Both molecules contain stored chemical energy.
The models can support the idea that the amino acid molecule contains carbon atoms from sugar molecules made by photosynthesis because both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms. So the correct option is A. Both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a process in which inorganic matter is converted into organic matter by the energy provided by sunlight. Glucose molecules are then created from carbon dioxide and oxygen is released. This process occurs in photoautotrophic beings, that is, they produce their own food and do not need to obtain it from external sources but can be transformed from light.
The amino acids in plants are going to be formed by amination and transamination processes, it requires certain bases to be able to form as pre-existing amino acids or the components that it will need for its formation, provided by molecules within the cells
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is A. Both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms.
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the earliest evidence of hominins in south africa was described by . a. mary leakey b. raymond dart c. charles darwin d. owen lovejoy
The earliest evidence of hominins in south africa was described by (b) Raymond Dart. So option (b) is the correct answer.
Hominins - the group consisting of modern humans, extinct humans, and our immediate ancestors (including members of the genera Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Ardipithecus).
Some traits that distinguish hominins from other living and extinct primates are behavioral traits such as upright posture, bipedal locomotion, large brains, specialized tool use and, in some cases, verbal communication. It's a feature.
The hominin own circle of relatives tree has deep roots in Africa. The oldest fossil of the genus Homo ever discovered is a 2.8 million-year-old jaw fragment of his found in East Africa. Our species, Homo sapiens, first appeared fairly high in trees and branched out at least 260,000 years ago.
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A child is born with cystic fibrosis, an inherited recessive disorder. No one in the family (on either side) for several generations is known to carry the gene or have the disorder. How can this be explained?
a. The genetic disorder formed from the mother's poor nutrition and prenatal care.
b. There was a mutation in the DNA, either in one of the gametes or the fertilized egg.
c. The child contracted the illness from another child when he was born.
d. The child developed the disorder when he was born; it is a result of a birth defect.
A child born with cystic fibrosis an an inherited recessive disorder when no one in the family (on either side) for several generations is known to carry the gene or have the disorder must have got it through birth defect.
The correct option is D.
What is birth defect ?The certain kind of defects a child is born with because of sudden mutations happened in the genome.
For the disease to occur both the X and Y chromosomes from both the parents need to have 1 copy and this disease occurs through genomic mutations.
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What do genes regulate?
A. only the senses
B. all processes of the body
C. when a hormone is released
D. only physical traits
Answer:d
Explanation:they make your physical traits
the cell type that always maintains direct junctional contact with other cells of the same type is the:
The cell type that always maintains direct junctional contact with other cells of the same type is the b.
What is Osteocytes ?Osteocytes, which make up 90% to 95% of all bone cells and reside inside the bone matrix, have long been viewed as passive bystander cells in contrast to osteoblasts and osteoclasts, whose actions result in bone gain and loss and whose dysfunction results in growth abnormalities and osteoporosis.
What about cells?There are many billions of cells in a human body. They give the body structure, absorb nutrients from meals, turn those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks. Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are two different types of cells. Although prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have different shapes (see prokaryote, eukaryote), they are quite similar in terms of their molecular make-up and functions. Proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids make up the majority of the molecules in cells. The cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm are the three components that make up a cell. Intricate arrangements of microscopic fibers and hundreds or even thousands of tiny, unique structures known as organelles can be found in the cytoplasm. The parasitic bacteria Mycoplasma gallicepticum, which inhabits the respiratory, genital, and urinary systems of primates, is thought to be the tiniest known creature capable of autonomous development and reproduction. Mycoplasma is the name of the cell used in the study. It has a 0.0001 mm diameter.A single cell makes up a unicellular creature, also referred to as a single-celled organism, as opposed to a multicellular organism, which is made up of numerous cells. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are the two broad categories into which all organisms fall.Learn more about cells here:
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Please help me, I have a F
Failure to build spindle - anaphase
Failure to dissolve the nuclear membrane - prophase
Failure to condense chromosome - metaphase
What is mitosis?Mitosis is the division of vegetative cells to produce two daughter cells. The process occurs in 4 steps:
Prophase: a stage where the nuclear membrane dissolves and the chromosomes condense to become visible under the microscope.Metaphase: a stage where the condensed chromosomes line up at the center of the cell to form a metaphase plate. each chromosome also gets engaged by the spindle fibers from the opposite ends of the cell. Anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles as a result of the shortening of the spindle fibers.Telophase: sister chromatids complete their migration to the poles. The chromosomes decondense back and the nuclear membrane reappears.Thus:
Failure to build spindle fibers will affect anaphase the most.Failure to dissolve the nuclear membrane will affect prophase the mostfailure to condense chromosomes will affect metaphase the most.More on mitosis can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/26678449
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Charged ions are traveling through a cell membrane with the concentration gradient. Which process is represented here?.
The process of charged ions traveling through a cell membrane with the concentration gradient represents simple diffusion.
When the surface area to volume ratio is higher, the distance travelled is shorter, and the concentration gradient is more pronounced, the process is more effective. Simple diffusion is the process of a solute moving between two compartments divided by a membrane permeable to it. As a result, we can infer that charged ions are moving through a cell membrane along a gradient of concentration. This is an illustration of basic diffusion.
Diffusion causes a net movement along a concentration gradient by including the haphazard movement of individual molecules or ions. It is known as facilitated diffusion when substances are transported across the bilayer by a protein present in the membrane, which can either be a transporter or a channel protein in the case of ions.
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in the arctic region, the arctic fox and the ptarmigan (a small bird species) both grow a snowy white coat during the winter for camouflage. these similar phenotypes are an example of: group of answer choices vestigial structures homologous structures convergent evolution homologous recombination
In the arctic region, the arctic fox and the ptarmigan both grow a snowy white coat during the winter for camouflage these similar phenotypes are an example of analogous structures.
The proof of the Convergent Evolutionary relationship among the species is provided by Analogous Structure. Convergent evolution played a role in the development of the species' common features. These are the architectural forms that serve similar purposes. However, these structures are not comparable anatomically. This indicates that their anatomical structures are distinct.
We can use the difference between a bat and a butterfly as an illustration. Both a bat's and a butterfly's wings serve the same purpose. They assist in flying them. Thus, the purpose remains the same. However, the anatomical makeup is different. Bones and skin are used in the development of Wings of Bat. However, the butterfly's wings are made entirely of different materials.
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what is the primary function of the calvin cycle? group of answer choices to produce carbon dioxide for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis to regenerate atp for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis to produce oxygen by oxidizing water to produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide
The primary function of the Calvin cycle is to produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide. Option D.
The function of the Calvin Cycle is to create three-carbon sugars that plants can use to build other sugars such as glucose starch and cellulose that they use as structural building materials. It takes it directly and turns it into plant matter.
The basic function of the Calvin cycle is to convert solar energy into chemical energy. A biochemical pathway of photosynthesis that uses ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide to glucose. carbon fixation. Carbon uptake from carbon dioxide into organic compounds by autotrophs. It is the cycle of chemical reactions that binds carbon from the carbon cycle to sugars. It is found in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
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process of assembeling a protein on the basis of the information in an rna molecule
Answer:
translation.
Explanation:
translation assembles amino acids to form the polypeptide chain in ribosomes.
Mutations that inhibit the function of photosystem i but not photosystem ii would result in a plant cell that could still______.
Light with longer wavelengths > 680 nm tends to be absorbed by photosystem I, while light with shorter wavelengths 680 nm likely to be absorbed by photosystem II.
What roles do plants' photosystems I and II play in the environment?
The pigments needed to gather photons and use light energy to catalyze the basic photosynthetic endergonic reactions that result in high energy molecules are found in the two multi-protein complexes known as photosystem I and photosystem II.
What happens if photosystem 1 is shut down?
Membrane disruptors, sometimes known as contact herbicides, are substances that stop Photosystem I from working. The rapid breakdown of cell membranes causes cell contents to spill into the intercellular gaps.
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The process of acquiring antibiotic resistance by means of bacteriophage activity is called.
The process of acquiring antibiotic resistance by means of bacteriophage activity is called transduction.
Antibiotics are the chemical agents that slow down or cause the complete death of the bacteria. The antibiotics can be used as medication during bacterial diseases. The widely used antibiotics are: penicillin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, etc.
Bacteriophage can be simply called phages. These are the viruses that are capable of infecting and replicating only in bacterial cells. These are not harmful to any other form of living organisms. The genetic material of phages can be either DNA or RNA. Bacteriophages can have varying shapes. The examples of phage is T-even phage.
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3. Why does oxygen diffuse into the blood from an alveolus in the lungs?
A The oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in
the blood.
B The oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than in the blood.
C The oxygen concentration in the blood is greater than in the alveolus.
D The oxygen concentration in the blood is greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in the alveolus.
B The oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than in the blood.
Which type of mutation causes cystic fibrosis?
Answer: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene.
Explanation:
Hello!
The type of mutation which causes cystic fibrosis is a mutation in the CFTR gene. (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator)
Hope this helps!
true or false: in multicellular organisms, genes are regulated in the same way to ensure that gene expression levels are constant regardless of cell type or developmental stage.
False, in multicellular organisms, genes are not regulated in the same way to ensure that gene expression levels are constant regardless of cell type or developmental stage.
Gene regulation is the method of controlling which genes in a cells DNA are expressed (used to make a purposeful product which include a protein).
Different cells in a multicellular organism may also explicit very specific units of genes, despite the fact that they include the identical DNA.
The set of genes expressed in a cell determines the set of proteins and purposeful RNAs it contains, giving it its specific properties.
In eukaryotes like humans, gene expression entails many steps, and gene law can arise at any of those steps. However, many genes are regulated commonly at the extent of transcription.
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List 2 Fluids for each that are used in the Home, school/work and outdoors.
The types of fluid for the places mentioned include the following below:
1. Home - Oil, water
2. School/work - Liquid soap, Oxygen.
3. Outdoors - Oxygen, water
What is a Fluid?This is referred to as a substance or compound and is usually in the form of liquid or gas. It has the ability to continually flow when it is subjected to shear stress or external force.
There are various types of fluids which have their individual properties which is based on their structure and atoms such as oil which is used in the home for cooking various types of food substances.
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Answer:
Home: Cooking Oil is used to cook a variety of vegetables/ foods, Water is a basic need to live and we drink it everywhere including our homes.
School: Liquid soap is used for clean windows, floors and sometimes ourselves, Oxygen is also a basic need just like water to live but for breathing.
Outdoors: Engine Oil is a liquid and used to repair cars and Gas is a fuel used to run cars and vehicles
What are some things you do to help you learn and remember new words and what they mean?
"Distributed practice" involves expanding out our studying over days and weeks. Working briefly on each class daily is most effective.
What is the best way to remember new words?1. Read.
Reading books and periodicals like newspapers and magazines will help you learn more words.
2. Always have a dictionary on you.
You can use versions on paper, in software, or on the internet. Electronic dictionaries are far more efficient .
3. Establish a dictionary for use.
It is important to record any new vocabulary. The act of writing them down will make it easier for you to recognize them when you are reading.
4. Acquire one new word each day.
use either a calendar, a website, or your own personal list. This assists a great number of people in learning new terms. You are not required to pick up a new concept every day.
5. Games.
Your vocabulary can be improved by playing word games that are difficult for you to master and that also introduce you to new words.
6. Talk.
Learning new words through conversation can be quite beneficial.
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What is the effect of a nucleotide-pair substitution that results in a nonsense mutation in a gene?.
An additional kind of substitution is a nonsense variation. The changed DNA sequence, however, results in a stop signal that prematurely tells the cell to stop producing proteins, as to creating change in amino acid.
Where is DNA located in a human?Every cell in the body has DNA inside its nucleus. Its components are carefully packaged inside structures called chromosomes. Most individuals have 46 pairs of chromosomes, or 23 pairs each pair.
What is DNA made of?What is DNA composed of? Nucleotides are the chemical units that make up DNA. Three components make up these building blocks: a phosphate group, a sugar group, and one of four different nitrogen bases. Chains of nucleotides with alternating sugar phosphate groups are linked to form a strand of DNA.
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Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in energy conversion in cells. Select the other similarities they share. Choose ALL that apply.
Responses
A contain DNAcontain DNA
B surrounded by a double membranesurrounded by a double membrane
C contain thylakoidscontain thylakoids
D found in ALL cellsfound in ALL cells
E contain ribosomes
The similarities between chloroplasts and mitochondria are: (A) contain DNA; (B) surrounded by a double membrane; (E) contain ribosomes.
Chloroplasts are the cell organelles only present in plant cells. They contain specialized pigment called chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are the double membranous cell organelle with an inner thylakoid that are stacked together like a coin, This structure is called grana.
Mitochondria is also a double membranous cell organelle. The inner membrane of mitochondria is highly folded into finger like projection called cristae. These cristae function to increase the surface area of the mitochondria so that more and more production of energy can take place.
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what carbon source(s) can yeast cells metabolize under anaerobic conditions to make atp? glucose lactic acid pyruvate either ethanol or lactic acid ethanol
Under anaerobic circumstances, yeast cells may metabolize glucose to produce atp.
Even under aerobic settings, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast prefers glucose as a carbon source, and ferment is the main mechanism for energy generation. Anaerobic processes in yeast produce alcohol, whereas they produce lactic acid in your muscles. An anaerobic process called fermentation allows glucose to release energy even in the absence of oxygen. In addition to yeast cells, bacteria and animal muscle cells also undergo some sort of fermentation. When exposed to osmotic stress and ethanol as a carbon source, yeast cells accumulate dihydrate rather than glycerol. Two distinct wild type cultures, W303-1A and BY4741, were cultivated in shake-flasks throughout time to observe internal glycerol and trehalose buildup.
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There are four primary categories of energy expenditure. Of the following, which one represents the majority of total energy use by the body?.
There are four primary categories of energy expenditure, and basal metabolism is one representing the majority of total energy use by the body.
What is Basal Metabolism
Basal Metabolism is the minimum energy required to sustain life.
Basal metabolism is the number of calories needed by the body to carry out its basic functions such as breathing, moving the heart rate, brain function and various activities in the body over time.
Even when eating, absorbing to processing food also requires calories.
In essence, all the small parts in the body are like engines that burn gasoline as they work. Never stop during life, even keep working while sleeping. Just like a car, where when the car starts, gasoline is still used.
The more we move or activity, the more gasoline is burned. A simple example, the lungs burn energy when breathing. They will work harder when climbing stairs than when sitting. That is, whatever we do above the Basal Metabolism level, the more gasoline (energy) we use. The more active we are in daily life, the more our metabolism will increase.
Another way to increase metabolism is to exercise regularly. Exercise can not only increase metabolism, but also can burn energy in cells faster.
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what information could be obtained from wolf scat? a. dna profiles b. vegetation preference c. presence of arthritis d. amount of urea e. time since last meal
DNA profiles could be obtained from wolf scat. DNA profile can inform a scientist about the origins of the sample's DNA, including whether it came from a man, woman, or any other type of organism.
DNA profiling is the process of obtaining a particular DNA pattern, or profile, from an individual or a sample of body tissue.
Human DNA profiles can be used to establish parentage or determine the source of a DNA sample from a crime scene.
The following purposes of DNA profiling include identifying the likely source of a bodily fluid sample connected to a crime or crime scene and revealing family links.
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the diagnosis for this patient is likely an autoimmune disease called . in which case, the patient's immune system is making antibodies that bind to , decreasing their function. inhibitors of are commonly used to treat the effects of this disease. in severe cases, the may be removed to reduce the release of hormones that stimulate antibody-producing cells. temporary removal of the harmful antibodies from the blood may be accomplished by a technique called .
The diagnosis for this patient is likely an autoimmune disease called myasthenia gravis. In which case, the patient's immune system is making antibodies that bind to acetylcholine receptors, decreasing their function. Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase are commonly used to treat the effects of this disease. In severe cases, the thymus may be removed to reduce the release of hormones that stimulate antibody-producing cells. Temporary removal of the harmful antibodies from the blood may be accomplished by a technique called plasmapheresis.
What is myasthenia gravis?Myаstheniа grаvis (MG) is а chronic аutoimmune disorder in which аntibodies destroy the communicаtion between nerves аnd muscles, resulting in weаkness of the skeletаl muscles. Myаstheniа grаvis аffects the voluntаry muscles of the body, especiаlly those thаt control the eyes, mouth, throаt аnd limbs.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was
Case Study: A woman in her mid-30s began to experience drooping eyelids followed by difficulty in swallowing. As the condition progressed she began to feel an overall weakness. Tests indicated that she had an abnormally low number of acetylcholine receptors on her skeletal muscle cells.
Complete each sentence with the correct word or phrase regarding this patient.
thymusthyroidmultiple sclerosismyasthenia gravisacetylcholinesteraseacetylcholine receptorsplasmapheresisFor more information about myаstheniа grаvis refer to the link:
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what is the major environmental consequence of rapid population growth in the mountain west region of the united states?
The biggest environmental consequence of the United States' Mountain West region's rapid population growth: Strain on physical resources, such as water.
The correct option is d.
Rapid population growth is an increase in a population's size brought on by greater birth rates and lower death rates. Short-term food shortages and restricted resources are two effects of fast population increase.
Rapid population expansion has a negative consequence on a nation's economy and increases waste production and pollution as well as the demand for jobs, which is expanding, and on housing, schools, and infrastructure.
The increase in population in United States' Mountain West region has a significant impact on domestic resource demand, particularly that for food, energy, and water, as well as on environmental degradation and climate change. Almost no significant issue confronting America has a solution that would be simpler if the country's population were bigger.
The complete question is:
What is the major environmental consequence of rapid population growth in the Mountain West region of the United States?
Choose one answer.
a. Reduction of grazing lands
b. Land degradation
c. Ozone depletion
d. Strain on physical resources, such as water
e. Rapid climate change
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Which type of earths crust caused these layers to be higher in the background than they are in the foreground
A. Uplift
B. Vibration
C. Shearing
D. Compression
Answer:
the correct answer is objective A
which of the following is an enzyme which results in staphylococcus aureus being more invasive than staphylococcus epidermidis?
The enzyme which results in Staphylococcus aureus being more invasive than Staphylococcus epidermidis is Hyaluronidase.
Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that breaks down primarily hyaluronic acid and it splits it into polysaccharides and is used in medicine in conjunction with other drugs to speed their dispersion and delivery.
Staphylococcus aureus encodes for a secreted hyaluronidase, hysA. Hyaluronidases are bacterial enzymes that cleave hyaluronic acid (HA) yielding unsaturated disaccharides. Initially, little was known about the regulation of this enzyme as well as its roles in Staphylococcus aureus physiology and pathogenesis.
Hyaluronidase is produced by S. Aureus as a mechanism to penetrate the connective tissue barrier and thereby establishing infections.
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Complete question:-
Which of the following is an enzyme which results in Staphylococcus aureus being more invasive than Staphylococcus epidermis?
A) lipase
B) M protein
C) hyaluronidase
D) pyrogens
E) neuraminidase
a sediment layer has a faunal assemblage consisting of mollusks with an age range from paleocene through miocene, corals with an age range from oligocene through pleistocene, and shark teeth with an age range from the eocene through the oligocene. during what geologic epoch was this layer deposited?
During Miocene geologic epoch was this layer deposited as major phases of the geology of the mountains occurred during the Miocene.
The Miocene (/ˈmaɪ.əsiːn, -oʊ-/ MY-ə-seen, -oh-) is the primary topographical age of the Neogene and expands from approximately 23.03 to 5.333 million a long time prior (Ma).
The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the title comes from Greek words that imply age since it has 18% less advanced marine spineless creatures than the Pliocene has.
The Miocene is gone before the Oligocene and is taken after by the Pliocene. As Soil went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate gradually cooled towards an arrangement of ice ages.
The Miocene boundaries are not checked by a single unmistakable worldwide occasion but comprise or maybe territorially characterized boundaries between the hotter Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch.
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which statements are true of capillaries? check all that apply. question 17 options: capillaries are found in abundance in areas of high metabolic activity. capillaries do not branch. capillaries are made of endothelium and loose connective tissue. capillaries can form networks.
Blood is delivered to human tissues by blood arteries, which act as conduits or channels. Two tube-like closed systems comprised of the vessels start and stop at the heart.
What is high metabolic activity ?pertaining to metabolism (the total of all chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism to produce energy and basic materials needed for important life processes).
These regions "lit up" after the scan is finished. Cancer cells frequently, but not always, fit this description of being hypermetabolic. Additionally, not all hypermetabolic conditions are cancer. The diagnosis method involves many steps, including a PET scan.Physical activity level - powerful muscles require a lot of energy to burn. Exercise regularly to build muscle and train the body to burn calories more quickly even when at rest. Drugs, such as nicotine or caffeine, can raise the BMR.What is Endothelium ?The endothelium, which is made up of a monolayer of endothelial cells, is in direct touch with the blood, lymph, and moving cells because it is the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).
Vascular endothelial cells, which make up the endothelium in blood vessels, carry out critical functions for blood flow.The endothelium controls blood flow while acting as a permeable barrier for the blood vessel. Endothelial cells are essential for applications in basic research including blood brain barriers, diabetes, angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, and other cardiovascular illnesses.Blood is transported from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium by one system, the pulmonary arteries. The systemic vessels are the other system that transports blood from the left ventricle to the tissues throughout the entire body before returning it to the right atrium. Blood vessels are categorized as arteries, capillaries, or veins based onTo know more about Capillaries please click here ; https://brainly.com/question/64497
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in which region of the world mudflows are more common
Answer:
Usually in mountainous areas.
researchers have developed a drug that disrupts gene expression in a parasitic species of fungi. the drug functions by preventing the complementary binding of trna with an mrna molecule. this drug most likely targets the
The medication will work by inhibiting tRNA from attaching to Ribosomes.
The ribosome is an mRNA molecule located in the cytoplasm of a cell that has a codon similar to tRNA. RNA and protein make up ribosomes.
The ribosome is also involved in protein synthesis. Therefore, the complementary binding of tRNA to Ribosome will not occur, thereby preventing the disruption of gene expression in a parasitic species of fungi.
Consequently, we can draw the conclusion that the medication will work by blocking the binding of tRNA to Ribosome.
The RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is a ribonucleoprotein complex made up of proteins that collaborate with regulatory short non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs, to control gene expression through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Because these short non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are complementary to or nearly complementary to messenger RNAs, they can bind to specific mRNA regions and activate RNA interference (RNAi) through mRNA degradation, translational repression, etc. The Argonaut (Ago) protein, which cleaves target mRNAs, is the central element of the RISC complex.
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