The hybridization of the central atom (Al) in AlBr3 is sp2.
As for the approximate bond angles the central atom with a bond angle of approximately 120°.
When aluminum (Al) is bonded to three bromine (Br) atoms in AlBr3, it forms three equivalent Al-Br bonds. To form these bonds, aluminum uses its three valence electrons to make three covalent bonds with three bromine atoms.
The bonding in AlBr3 involves overlapping of hybrid orbitals of aluminum and p-orbitals of three bromine atoms.
In AlBr3, the 3s orbital and two of the 3p orbitals of aluminum hybridize to form three sp2 hybrid orbitals. The hybridization process involves the mixing of one 3s orbital and two 3p orbitals of aluminum to form three sp2 hybrid orbitals.
The remaining 3p orbital of aluminum remains unhybridized and can form a pi-bond with one of the Br atoms.
The three sp2 hybrid orbitals of aluminum arrange themselves in a trigonal planar configuration around the central atom, with bond angles of approximately 120°.
Each of these hybrid orbitals contains a single electron and overlaps with one of the three 2p orbitals of the bromine atoms to form the Al-Br covalent bond.
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The pH scale takes its name from the words physical of hydrogen
Answer:
pH which stands for potential hydrogen... Which means the negative logarithm of hydrogen ions concentrated in a solution
a) Aluminum metal reacts with iron (l) oxide powder to produce aluminum oxide solid and iron metal.
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\rm Al_{\,(s)}+Fe_2O_{\,(s)} \rightarrow Al_2O_{3\,(s)} + Fe_{\,(s)}}[/tex]
Explanation:
Aluminium metal + iron(I) oxide powder → aluminium oxide solid + iron metal
This is an example of a displacement reaction, with chemical equation:
[tex]\boxed{\rm Al_{\,(s)}+Fe_2O_{\,(s)} \rightarrow Al_2O_{3\,(s)} + Fe_{\,(s)}}[/tex]
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Liquid water in the earth's air is an example of a solution. Which type of solution
would this be?
A. solid in a gas
B. liquid in a liquid
C. gas in a liquid
D. liquid in a gas
Liquid water in the earth's air is an example of a D. liquid in a gas.
What is liquid water a form of ?Air enveloping the Earth holds a striking type of solution: liquid water suspended in gas. This phenomenon, known as a gas-liquid solution, or a method by which a non-gas solute is dissolved in a gas solvent, pervades the atmosphere.
Visible neither to the eye nor with aid of a microscope, vaporized droplets immerse themselves within air's interstices and remain invisible to sight. Other illustrative examples of this process include carbon dioxide laced throughout bubbly soda, oxygen permeating red vernal blood.
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(6): Calculate the maximum amount of work that can be obtained from the galvanic cells at standard conditions listed below. (Use the table for standard reduction potentials.)
(a) Cr2O72− + 14 H+ + 6 e− → 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O
H2O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e− → 2 H2O
____ kJ
(b) 2 H+ + 2 e− → H2
Al3+ + 3e− → Al
____ kJ
Answer:
(a) The maximum amount of work that can be obtained from the first galvanic cell is -510.5kJ.
(b) The maximum amount of work that can be obtained from the second galvanic cell is -318.5kJ.
Explanation:
In this question, we need to use the standard reduction potentials to calculate the standard cell potential of each galvanic cell, and then use the formula AG = -nFE to calculate the maximum amount of work that can be obtained from each galvanic cell.
Solve the Problem
(a) Cr₂02 +14H++6e → 2Cr³++7H₂O
The standard reduction potential of Cr2O2 is 1.33V, and the standard reduction potential of His 0V. Therefore, the standard cell potential of this galvanic cell is:
E cell = reduction (Cr202) - E reduction (H+) = 1.33V
The number of electrons transferred in this reaction is 6, so the maximum amount of work that can be obtained from this galvanic cell is:
AG= -nFE = -696485C/mol 1.33J/C = −51
(b) 2H+ + 2e→ H₂
The standard reduction potential of H+ is 0V, and the standard reduction potential of Al3+ is -1.66V.
Therefore, the standard cell potential of this galvanic cell is:
EO =E0 cell reduction (H+)-E0 reduction (A13+) = 0V – (−1
The number of electrons transferred in this reaction is 2, so the maximum amount of work that can be obtained from this galvanic cell is:
AG-nFE-2 96485C/mol 1.66J/C-31
Draw the Conclusion
(a) The maximum amount of work that can be obtained from the first galvanic cell is -510.5kJ.
(b) The maximum amount of work that can be obtained from the second galvanic cell is -318.5kJ.
You have a 0.850 M solution of Na2CrO4 at a given temperature. At what concentration will silver ions need to be added in order for a participate to form? The Ksp for Ag2CrO4 at this temperature is 2.00 × 10^-12.
A) 2.35 × 10^-12 M
B) 1.37 × 10^-5 M
C) 5.02 × 10^-10 M
D) 1.53 × 10^-6 M
draw the products formed when each ester is hydrolyzed with water and sulfuric acid.
When an ester is hydrolyzed with water and sulfuric acid, the products formed are an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. This reaction is also known as saponification.
During the reaction, the ester bond is broken and the water molecule is split into a hydrogen ion (H+) and a hydroxide ion (OH-). The H+ ion reacts with the ester, causing it to break down into its alcohol and carboxylic acid components. The carboxylic acid is formed by the addition of the hydroxide ion to the carbonyl group of the ester. The alcohol is formed by the addition of the hydrogen ion to the oxygen atom of the ester. The resulting products are a carboxylic acid and an alcohol that are both hydrolyzed from the original ester.
1. Identify the ester you want to hydrolyze. An ester has the general structure RCOOR', where R and R' are alkyl or aryl groups.
2. In the hydrolysis reaction, water (H2O) is used as a reactant along with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst.
3. The ester (RCOOR') reacts with water (H2O) in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
4. The hydrolyzed products formed are a carboxylic acid (RCOOH) and an alcohol (R'OH).
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Activity A, Activity B and Activity C
When the plunger of the syringe was pulled upward, the balloon expanded or inflated.
When the plunger of the syringe was pushed, the balloon compressed or deflated.
How to explain the informationFor Activity B, after being submerged in warm water, the balloon expanded or inflated.
The expansion of the balloon can be explained by the gas laws and the kinetic molecular theory (KMT). The gas laws state that when the temperature of a gas increases, its volume also increases, assuming that pressure remains constant. KMT explains that gas particles have kinetic energy and move randomly and rapidly, colliding with each other and the container they are in.
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4180j of heat energy are added to change the temperature of water by 10 deg C. How
many grams of water are being heated? Cwater=4.18 J/
g°C
100 grams of water is being heated.
The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius.
It is a measure of how much energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance. It is the amount of heat necessary to raise one mass unit of that substance by one temperature unit.
It is given by the formula -
Q = mcΔT
where, Q = amount of heat
m = mass
c = specific heat
ΔT = Change in temperature
Given,
Q = 4180J
c = 4.18 J/g⁰C
ΔT = 10⁰C
Q = mcΔT
4180 = m × 4.18 × 10
m = 100g
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Please Help..Please round your answers to the hundredths place and try to get 1% of the correct answer
You can enter your answers in decimal notation, or you can enter them in scientific notation using E or x10 for the power of 10 (ex enter 6.02 x10^23)
Saponification of a triglyceride with aqueous sodium hydroxide gives the following.
A. Sodium acetate and long-chained fatty acids
B. glycerol and the sodium salts of long-chained fatty acids
C. glycerol and long-chained alcohols
D. sodium acetate and long-chained alcohols
The correct answer is B. glycerol and the sodium salts of long-chained fatty acids. Saponification is the process of converting a triglyceride (fat or oil) into soap by reacting it with an alkaline solution, such as aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Here's a step-by-step explanation of the process:
Step 1: A triglyceride molecule consists of a glycerol backbone and three long-chained fatty acid molecules attached to it.
Step 2: Aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to the triglyceride. The hydroxide ions from NaOH break the ester bonds between the glycerol backbone and the fatty acid chains.
Step 3: The broken ester bonds are replaced by the hydroxide ions, forming glycerol and the sodium salts of the long-chained fatty acids. Glycerol is a byproduct in this reaction.
Step 4: The result of saponification is glycerol and the sodium salts of long-chained fatty acids, which are the components of soap. This corresponds to option B in your question.
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What are molecular orbitals? Define bonding and anti bonding orbitals. Also comment on the energy and stability of these orbitals.
Molecular orbitals result from combining atomic orbitals. Bonding orbitals are lower energy and more stable, while anti-bonding orbitals are higher energy and less stable, determining chemical bonding and properties.
Molecular orbitals are the result of the combination of atomic orbitals in a molecule. These orbitals can be either bonding or anti-bonding. Bonding orbitals are formed when atomic orbitals combine with the same phase, resulting in constructive interference and a lower energy level compared to the original atomic orbitals. On the other hand, anti-bonding orbitals are formed when atomic orbitals combine with opposite phases, resulting in destructive interference and a higher energy level compared to the original atomic orbitals.
The energy and stability of these orbitals depend on their relative positions in the energy diagram. Bonding orbitals are typically lower in energy than their constituent atomic orbitals, resulting in increased stability. In contrast, anti-bonding orbitals are typically higher in energy than their constituent atomic orbitals, resulting in decreased stability. The relative energy levels of these orbitals are important in determining the nature of chemical bonding and the properties of molecules.
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Two nitric oxide molecules react with one another in an elementary reaction. What is the molecularity of this reaction?
The molecularity of a reaction refers to the number of molecules or particles that participate in the rate-determining step of the reaction.
In this case, the reaction involves two nitric oxide molecules reacting with one another in an elementary reaction. Since the rate-determining step involves only two molecules, the molecularity of this reaction is second order or bimolecular.
Therefore, we can write the rate law for this reaction as:
Rate = k[NO]^2
where k is the rate constant and [NO] is the concentration of nitric oxide.
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which asset would you classify as being most liquid?
Cash would be classified as is being most liquid asset.
Generally cash is considered the most liquid asset because it can be easily and quickly converted into any other asset. Cash is readily accepted as a means of payment for goods and services, and it can be easily transferred between parties.
Other assets, such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, may take time and effort to convert into cash, which makes them less liquid.
However, within the context of financial markets, some securities or financial instruments such as government bonds, ETFs, or high-volume stocks can be considered highly liquid due to their ability to be quickly bought or sold without causing significant price movements.
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What kind of bond is required in a compound that is either cis or trans?
A covalent bond is required in a compound that is either cis or trans. In cis and trans compounds, the atoms involved are linked by a single covalent bond, but the arrangement of the atoms in space is either cis (same side) or trans (opposite side).
What is covalent bond?An electron exchange that results in the formation of electron pairs between atoms is known as a covalent bond. Bonding pairs or sharing pairs are the names given to these electron pairs. Covalent bonding is the stable equilibrium of the attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons. Each atom in numerous molecules can reach the equivalent of a full valence shell thanks to the sharing of electrons, which results in a stable electronic state. Covalent bonds are substantially more frequent than ionic bonds in organic chemistry.
What is cis-trans isomerism?Cis-trans isomerism is a word used in chemistry that refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules. It is also known as geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism. The Latin prefixes "cis" and "trans" mean, respectively, "this side of" and "the other side of."Trans conveys that the functional groups (substituents) are on the opposite (transverse) sides of some plane, whereas cis implies that they are on the same side of some plane in the context of chemistry. Cis-trans isomers are examples of stereoisomers, which are pairs of molecules with the same formula but distinct functional groups oriented in three dimensions.
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word equation CO2 (g)+ H2 (g) CH4 (g) + H20 (g)
The word equation of the above is carbondioxide plus hydrogen gas equals methane gas plus water.
What is word equation?Word equation represents a chemical reaction using the names of the substances involved.
Word equations do not show any chemical symbols or formulae. In a chemical reaction, reactants are the substances that react together, and products are the substances formed.
According to this question, carbondioxide and hydrogen gas reacts to form methane and water vapor as follows:
CO2 (g)+ H2 (g) = CH4 (g) + H20 (g)
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which one of the following is not true about transition metals? which one of the following is not true about transition metals? they frequently have more than one common oxidation state. their compounds frequently exhibit magnetic properties. they typically have low melting points. their compounds are frequently colored. they are found in the d-block of the periodic table.
Option c is correct. Transition metals typically have low melting points. A collection of elements known as transition metals, or the d-block, are found in the middle of the periodic table.
Because of their strong metallic bonding and partially full d-orbitals, transition metals are noted for having high melting and boiling temperatures. Due to the splitting of the d-orbitals into two energy levels, the molecule acquires its distinctive hue by absorption of light.
Their other distinguishing characteristics, including as their capacity to exist in various oxidation states and their capacity to form complex ions, are similarly influenced by these partially filled d-orbitals.
The unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals of transition metal complexes frequently give rise to magnetic characteristics. Due to the d-orbital electrons' ability to absorb light in the visible spectrum, they frequently have colored compounds as well.
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Complete question
Which one of the following is not true about transition metals?
a. they frequently have more than one common oxidation state.
b. their compounds frequently exhibit magnetic properties.
c. they typically have low melting points.
d. their compounds are frequently colored.
e. they are found in the d-block of the periodic table.
What is the pH of a 0.020 M HClO4 solution?
A) 0.020
B) 0.040
C) 1.70
D) 12.30
The pH of a 0.020 M HClO4 solution is C) 1.70.
The pH of a 0.020 M HClO4 solution can be calculated using the formula:
pH = -log[H+]
where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. Since HClO4 is a strong acid, it dissociates completely in water to form H+ and ClO4- ions.
HClO4 → H+ + ClO4-
Therefore, the concentration of H+ ions in a 0.020 M HClO4 solution is also 0.020 M. Substituting this value in the pH formula:
pH = -log(0.020) = 1.70
The pH of a substance or solution is referred to the degree of acidity or alkalinity of that substance. It is measured on a scale of 0 -14.
pH <7 are termed acidic
pH >7 are alkaline
pH =7 are termed neutral
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coal is both the most carbon intensive energy source and the one with the highest water footprint. group of answer choices true false
The given statement, "coal is both the most carbon intensive energy source and the one with the highest water footprint" is true. Hence, option A is correct.
Generally coal combustion is described as more carbon-intensive in nature than burning natural gas or petroleum for the production of electric power. Basically it has been found that coal uses accounted for 59% of CO₂ emissions from the sector, coal represented only 23% of the electricity generated in the United States in 2021.
Basically in world emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is caused due to the burning of fossil fuels totals about nearly 34 billion tonnes (Gt) per year. Surprisingly nearly about 45% of this is from coal and about 35% from oil and about 20% from gas.
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O2 transport in a person alternates between convection and diffusion. what best explains this pattern?
The pattern of alternating between convection and diffusion in O2 transport in a person can be attributed to the different methods by which O2 is transported in the body.
Convection refers to the movement of O2 through the bloodstream with the help of the circulatory system, while diffusion refers to the movement of O2 through the tissues and cells by means of diffusion gradients. During exercise or physical exertion, for example, the body may require more O2 than what can be supplied by convection alone. In these cases, diffusion plays a more significant role in O2 transport as it enables a greater amount of O2 to be delivered to the tissues and cells. Conversely, during rest or low levels of activity, convection may be the primary method of O2 transport as the body requires less oxygen. Therefore, the alternating pattern of convection and diffusion in O2 transport is a natural and necessary process that enables the body to efficiently deliver oxygen to where it is needed.
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The percent by mass of each element in a compound is known as the percent composition of a compound.
Select one:
True
False
The correct answer is True. The percent by mass of each element in a compound is known as the percent composition of a compound.
can you give me a brilliant mark?
true or false: when an electron goes from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, photon of light is emitted with an energy equal to the energy difference between the two orbits.
when an electron goes from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, a photon of light is emitted with an energy equal to the energy difference between the two orbits.
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. The electron initially resides in a lower energy level, also known as its ground state.
2. The electron absorbs energy, which can be in the form of light or a collision with another particle.
3. The absorbed energy causes the electron to become excited and jump to a higher energy level or an excited state.
4. As the electron moves to a higher energy level, it releases a photon of light.
5. The energy of the emitted photon is equal to the energy difference between the two orbits (initial lower energy level and final higher energy level).
In summary, when an electron transitions from a lower to a higher energy level, a photon is emitted, and the energy of that photon corresponds to the energy difference between the two energy levels involved in the transition.
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1. Does warm air rise or sink? Does cold air rise or sink? 2. Air pressure can be high or low. Does air flow from low to high pressure or from high to low pressure? 3. Which is heavier—warm air or cold air? 4. Which has higher air pressure—warm air or cold air? How do you know? 5. Global circulation cells occur because of uneven heat distribution and the earth's rotation. What do we call the effect of the earth's rotation on air circulation?
Answer:
1. Warm air rises and cold air sinks.
2. Air moves from high to low pressure.
3. Cold air is denser than warm air.
4. Warm air is lighter than cold air and consequently exerts less pressure.
5. Because the Earth rotates on its axis, circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This deflection is called the Coriolis effect.
How we obtain the mass iodine
The mass of the iodine is 254 g.
The number of moles of the iodine = 2 mol
The molar mass of the iodine = 127 g/mol
The number of moles is expressed as :
The number of moles = mass / molar mass
The mass of the iodine = moles × molar mass
Where,
The number of moles = 2 mol
The molar mass = 127 g/mol
The mass = ?
The mass of the iodine is as :
The mass of iodine = moles × molar mass
The mass of the iodine = 2 × 127
The mass of the iodine = 254 g
The mass of the iodine is 254 g with the number of moles is 2 mol and the atomic mass is 127 g/mol.
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This question is incomplete, the complete question is :
How we obtain the mass iodine, if the moles of the iodine is 2 mol.
5.21 g of MgSO4 is placed into 100 mL of water. The waters temperature increases by 6.7. Calculate delta H in kJ/mol, for the dissolution of MgSO4. (the specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g x degrees C and the density of the water is 1 g/mL. You can assume that the specific heat of the solution is the same as that of water.
The delta H for the dissolution of MgSO₄ is 6.475 kJ/mol.
To calculate delta H ([tex]Δ_{H}[/tex]) for the dissolution of MgSO₄, we can use the formula;
[tex]Δ_{H}[/tex] = q / n
where q is the heat absorbed by the solution, and n is the number of moles of MgSO₄ dissolved.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of MgSO₄ dissolved. We can use the formula;
n = m / M
where m is the mass of MgSO₄ and M is the molar mass of MgSO₄.
The molar mass of MgSO₄ is;
M(MgSO₄) = 24.31 g/mol (Mg) + 32.06 g/mol (S) + 4 x 16.00 g/mol (O)
M(MgSO₄) = 120.37 g/mol
Therefore, the number of moles of MgSO4 dissolved is;
n = 5.21 g / 120.37 g/mol
n = 0.0433 mol
Next, we need to calculate the heat absorbed by the solution (q). We can use the formula;
q = mC[tex]Δ_{T}[/tex]
where m is the mass of the solution, C is the specific heat capacity of water, and [tex]Δ_{T}[/tex] is the change in temperature of the solution.
The mass of the solution is 100 g/mL x 0.1 L
= 10 g
The specific heat capacity of water is given as 4.184 J/g x °C
[tex]Δ_{T}[/tex] = 6.7 °C
Therefore, the heat absorbed by the solution is;
q = 10 g x 4.184 J/g x °C x 6.7 °C
q = 280.47 J
Finally, we can calculate delta H for the dissolution of MgSO4;
[tex]Δ_{H}[/tex] = q / n
[tex]Δ_{H}[/tex] = 280.47 J / 0.0433 mol
[tex]Δ_{H}[/tex] = 6475 J/mol
Converting to kJ/mol;
[tex]Δ_{H}[/tex] = 6.475 kJ/mol
Therefore, the delta H is 6.475 kJ/mol.
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Convert 410.25g Li2SO4 to mol Li2SO4
mol Li2SO4=
Answer:
3.731424735730523
Explanation:
Como crees que la clasificacion de las mesclas constribuyen a la industria quimica en sus investiguaciones
The classification of mixtures is a fundamental concept in chemistry that is used to identify and categorize different types of mixtures based on their physical and chemical properties.
The classification is important for the chemical industry because it allows researchers to understand the behavior of different mixtures and develop strategies for their separation, purification, and processing.
For example, a mixture may be classified as a homogeneous mixture (solution) or a heterogeneous mixture (colloid or suspension) depending on the size of its particles and how they are distributed within the mixture. This classification can inform the design of separation techniques such as filtration, distillation, or chromatography that are used to isolate and purify the individual components of the mixture.
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The question is -
How do you think the classification of mixtures contributes to the chemical industry in their research?
what is the mass of solvent needed to make a 68.4% by mass solution using 22.5g Fecl2
10.3g of solvent is needed to make a 68.4% by-mass solution using 22.5g [tex]FeCl_2[/tex].
To make a 68.4% by mass solution using 22.5g [tex]FeCl_2[/tex], we need to first calculate the mass of the solution, which is the sum of the mass of the solute and the mass of the solvent.
Let x be the mass of solvent needed.
The mass of the solution can be expressed:
Mass of solution = Mass of solute + Mass of solvent
Mass of solution = 22.5g [tex]FeCl_2[/tex] + x
Since the desired concentration is 68.4% by mass, we know that the mass percent of [tex]FeCl_2[/tex] in the solution is:
Mass percent of [tex]FeCl_2[/tex] = (Mass of [tex]FeCl_2[/tex] / Mass of solution) x 100
68.4 = (22.5 / (22.5 + x)) x 100
Solving for x, we get:
x = 10.3g
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The total mass of a beaker of milk and a beaker of orange juice is 125 When the milk is poured into the orange juice, a cream-coloured solid is formed but the mass stays the same. Explain the observations. When the orange and milk was mixed a took place. New compounds were formed as the mass stayed the same because the provided all the atoms needed to make the products.
Ansiedad que
Explanation:
An element's molar mass is equivalent to the atomic number of the element.
Select one:
True
False
The statement "An element's molar mass is equivalent to the atomic number of the element" is not accurate.
An element's molar mass is the mass of one mole of that element, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is approximately equal to the element's atomic mass, which is the mass of a single atom of that element, expressed in atomic mass units (amu). The atomic mass is roughly the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
On the other hand, the atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which defines the element and determines its position in the periodic table. The atomic number does not represent the molar mass of an element.
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SOMEONE PLEASE I NEED HELP WITH CHEMISTRY
Draw a diagram for Copper(ll) nitrate & Cu(NO3)2 in a 250.0 mL of aqueous solution to show how to make the solution. Information to include…
Molarity of solution - 0.1176
She then draws 30.0 mL of the solution into a pipet. (MOLES OF CU(NO3)2 - 0.00352)
THEN : Mrs. Mandochino empties the 30.0 mL into an empty volumetric flask and fills it to the 240.0 mL mark with distilled water.
What is the molarity of this new solution?
Make sure to have 5 ACCURATE steps drawn. Your drawing should only be 1 picture but include 5 steps.
The new concentration of the solution can be obtained as 0.0147 M.
What is the dilution formula?Based on the original concentration and the dilution factor, the dilution formula is used to determine the concentration of a solution after dilution. The final volume to beginning volume ratio is known as the dilution factor.
The dilution equation is
C1V1 = C2V2
where C1 is the solution's initial concentration, V1 is its initial volume, C2 is its final concentration, and V2 is the solution's final volume following dilution.
By the use of the dilution formula;
0.1176 * 30 = x * 240
x = 0.0147 M
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