The Ka value of an equilibrium established between the ammonium ion and ammonia is 1.73 * 10⁻⁵.
What is the equilibrium equation of the reaction between hydrogen ions and ammonia to give ammonium ions?The equilibrium equation of the reaction between hydrogen ions and ammonia to give ammonium ions is as follows:
NH₃ (g) + H⁺ (aq) ⇄ NH₄⁺ (aq)
The base dissociation dissociation constant, Kb of the reaction is given below:
Kb = [NH₄⁺] / [H⁺] * [NH₃]At equilibrium;
[H⁺] = [NH₃]
[H⁺] = 1.7 * 10⁻⁵ M
[NH₃] = 1.7 * 10⁻⁵ M
[NH₄⁺] = 0.50 M
Kb = 0.50 / (1.7 * 10⁻⁵ * 1.7 * 10⁻⁵)
Kb = 1.73 * 10⁹
pKb = - log Kb
pKb = -log (1.73 * 10⁹)
pKb = 9.24
Also;
The acid dissociation constant, Ka, is elated to the Kb as follows:
pKa + pKb = 14
Hence;
pKa = 14 - pKb
pKa = 14 - 9.24
pKa = 4.76
[tex]Ka = 10^{-4.76}[/tex]
Ka = 1.73 * 10⁻⁵
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What are the two sites on an enzyme?.
Allosteric site and active site are the two sites on an enzyme.
Allosteric enzymes are those that have two sites. They are the active site and the allosteric site. A unique effector or modulator can be linked to an allosteric site on an enzyme. This fastening can be reversed. Similar to how active sites relate to substrates, this site has a special connection with modulators. An enzyme's allosteric site is a location where activator or inhibitor molecules can attach to the enzyme to either activate or inhibit enzyme activity.
The areas on the surface of enzymes known as active sites are often designed by nature during the course of evolution to either catalyze a process or bind substrates. Consequently, the active site can be split into two components: the catalytic site and the substrate binding site.
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150.0 mL of a solution containing Ba2+ ions is analyzed by adding 0.18 M Na2SO4 solution until no more precipitate forms. The mass of BaSO4 precipitate obtained is 11.20 g. Select all the options that correctly reflect the steps required to calculate the concentration of Ba2+ in the original solution.- The concentration of Ba2+ is equal to 0.18 M.- The original solution contained 0.0270 moles of Ba2+ ions.- The concentration of Ba2+ ions is equal to 0.320 M.- The molar mass of BaSO4 is 233.4 g/mol.- The original solution contained 4.80 x 10-2 moles of Ba2+.- The concentration of Ba2+ ions is equal to 0.320 M.- The molar mass of BaSO4 is 233.4 g/mol.- The original solution contained 4.80 x 10-2 moles of Ba2+.
The correct option is : The concentration of Ba²⁺ ions is equal to 0.320 M ,
The molar mass of BaSO₄ is 233.4 g/mol, The original solution contained 4.80 x 10⁻² moles of Ba²⁺.
volume of solution = 150.0 mL
concentration of Na₂SO₄ = 0.18 M
mass of BaSO₄ = 11.20 g
molar mass of BaSO₄ = 233.4 g/mol
Thus, 150.0 mL of a solution containing Ba²⁺ ions is analyzed by adding 0.18 M Na₂SO₄ solution until no more precipitate forms. The mass of BaSO₄ precipitate obtained is 11.20 g and the correct options are: The concentration of Ba²⁺ ions is equal to 0.320 M , The molar mass of BaSO₄ is 233.4 g/mol, The original solution contained 4.80 x 10⁻² moles of Ba²⁺.
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in which of these molecules or ions does the presence of nonbonding electron pairs produce an effect on molecular shape, assuming they are all in the gaseous state? check all that apply. in which of these molecules or ions does the presence of nonbonding electron pairs produce an effect on molecular shape, assuming they are all in the gaseous state?check all that apply. geh4 pi3 hi hcn scl2
These molecules or ions does the presence of nonbonding electron pairs produce an effect on molecular shape is PI₃, SCl₂.
The nonbonding electron electron pair means the lone pair of electrons. in the GeH₄ there is zero lone pair or non bonding electrons and has the tetrahedral geometry. in PI₃ there one lone pair of electron which produces an effect on shape , shape is trigonal pyramidal. HI has zero lone pair. SCl₂ has 2 lone pair of electrons and this gives SCl₂ a bond angle of 103°.
Thus, These molecules or ions does the presence of nonbonding electron pairs produce an effect on molecular shape is PI₃, SCl₂.
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What energy is chocolate melting in your hand?.
Answer:Thermal Energy
Explanation:The chocolate bar absorbs thermal energy from your hand and starts to melt. This indicates that the chocolate bar is receiving energy from your body (hand), changing its phase from solid to liquid. The chocolate candy you are holding will eventually melt as your body heat releases and causes it to do so.
Is there any chemical changes while melting chocolate in hand?
No, the chocolate do not undergo any chemical changes and can solidify itself when put to room temperature. The melting process is just a simple physical property change of it from the solid state to liquid.
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Estimate the maximum volume of alkene that should be in the distillate when thereaction is completed. Use 0.80 g/mL as the density of the alkene mixture.
we have 18.42ml or 14.43 g of methylcyclohexanol.
The maximum volume of alkane present in the distillate when the reaction is completed is 18.04 mL of alkane.
When the distillation of methylcyclohexanol is done, the product formed after the distillation is
C₇H₁₄O→C₇H₁₂+H₂O
To find out the volume of alkene mixture, we need to use the density formula which is given as
density=mass/volume
Rearrange the formula for volume
volume=mass/density
We have mass of methylcyclohexanol, which is 14.43g and density is 0.80 g/mL. Plug values in the formula
volume=(14.43g×mL/0.80g)
volume=18.0375 mL
volume=18.04 mL
Therefore, the volume of alkane present in the distillate when the reaction of methylcyclohexanol is completed is 18.04 mL.
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What are the 4 characteristics of ionic compounds?.
Characteristics of ionic compounds are
1. They develop crystals.
2. Both their melting and boiling points are very high.
3. They are fragile and hard.
4. Compared to molecular molecules, they have higher fusion and vapourization enthalpies.
5. When dissolved in water, they act as an electrical conductor. Ionic solids are excellent insulators because they do not conduct electricity.
What are ionic compounds ?An ionic compound in chemistry is a chemical complex made up of ions kept together by electrostatic forces known as ionic bonding. Although the molecule is mostly neutral, it contains positively charged ions known as cations and negatively charged ions known as anions.
The entire valence electron transfer between atoms is known as ionic bonding. Two ions with opposing charges are produced as a result of this kind of chemical connection. Ionic bonding result in a metal losing electrons to become a positively charged cation and a nonmetal accepting those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.Learn more about Ionic compounds here:
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What are the 4 step in sanitizing process?.
The four steps in the sanitizing process include cleaning media, disinfecting surface irregularities, rinse surfaces, and enhanced disinfecting.
Why is it crucial to clean and sanitize?Pest infestations can be avoided by regularly cleaning and sterilizing. Your company can keep in compliance with legal requirements regarding food safety by regularly cleaning and sanitizing. Customers and staff are protected by cleaning and sanitizing from health hazards like contaminated food and food allergies.
What does sanitizing accomplish?Sanitizing reduces the amount of bacteria on surface or items to the a safe level as determined by regulations for public health. To reduce the chance of an infection spreading, this method either cleans or disinfects surfaces or objects.
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How many electrons does a full shell of hydrogen have?.
There is 1 electron does a full shell of hydrogen have.
Atoms are most stable and least reactive when their outermost electron shells are full. Most of the elements important in biology require 8 electrons to be stable in the outermost shell, a rule of thumb known as the octet rule. Since hydrogen can only hold a maximum of two valence electrons in its orbitals, each hydrogen atom needs only one electron.
Since all atoms have one valence electron they can split to give each atom two electrons. Group II elements have two electrons in the outermost shell. So magnesium calcium and strontium are three elements with two electrons in the outermost orbitals. A full valence shell is the most stable electronic configuration. Other groups of elements have partially filled valence shells and gain or lose electrons to achieve stable electronic configurations.
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How do you translate a DNA sequence into an amino acid sequence?.
The mRNA is then elicited via the ribosome. When that codon encounters the active site of the ribosome, the mRNA nucleotide sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence and uses the tRNA.
As an adapter append each amino acid in the correct sequence to the end of the growing polypeptide chain. amino acid sequences can be written in either the three-letter code or the one-letter code. One-letter codes always begin with an uppercase letter, so the exact format of the sequence depends on your application.
Translation is the process of converting information passed by DNA as messenger RNA into a series of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. There are two types of translation technology: direct translation technology and indirect translation technology. Direct translation techniques can be used when the elements of the text to be translated are similar in the source and target languages.
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Why is it important for cancer researchers to understand mitosis?.
It is important for cancer researchers to understand mitosis help understand the function of the human cell equivalent of SPBs called centrosomes.
Replicated chromosomes are divided into two new nuclei during the cell cycle phase known as mitosis. Mitosis, a form of cell division, produces genetically identical cells with a preserved chromosome count. As a result, equational division is another name for the mitotic process. Generally speaking, cytokinesis, which splits a cell's cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane into two new cells with nearly equal shares of these biological components, and telophase, which frequently follow, precede mitosis (during which DNA replication occurs). [4] The mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle is defined by the several stages of mitosis the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells that are genetically identical to one another.
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If samples of the same mass are heated on a hot plate using the same amount of energy, which will reach 50 degrees first?
Based on the specific heat capacities of the given substances, if samples of the same mass are heated on a hot plate using the same amount of energy, copper will reach 50 degrees first. The correct option is B.
What is the specific heat capacity of a substance?The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise a unit mass of that substance by one-degree celsius.
The higher the value of the specific heat capacity of a substance, the greater the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of that substance by a unit degree.
Comparing the specific heat capacities of the given substances:
Water has the highest specific heat capacity whereas mercury has the lowest heat capacity.
Hence, mercury will require the least amount of heat for its temperature to increase.
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Explain how the size of the equilibrium relates to the
amount of product formed at equilibrium.
Answer: The higher the equilibrium constant, the more products are formed. Similarly, less products are formed from reactions with lower equilibrium constants.
Explanation: hope this helps!:)
What does it mean if the flame of the Bunsen burner is yellow?.
When the combustion of methane gas will take place when the flame is yellow
There can also be other possibility.
The student can adjust the Bunsen burner by opening the slits for air at the bottom region.
What is a Bunsen burner?
Bunsen burner refers to a gas burner which provides source of heat in the laboratory.
All bunsen burners have slits located at the bottom which are controlled with the aid of a knob. Fuel burns in insufficient air to give out luminous yellow flame . The slit is adjusted to allow more air so as to produce luminous blue flame.
Therefore, the yellow flame of bunsen burner will indicate either the combustion of hydrogen gas or the leakage.
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using the vsepr model, the electron geometry of the central atom in no3- is . using the vsepr model, the electron geometry of the central atom in no3- is . trigonal planar trigonal pyramidal tetrahedral bent square pyramidal
Using the VSEPR model, the electron geometry of the central atom in no3- is trigonal planar geometry.
The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used generally to predict 3-D molecular geometry based on the number of valence shell electron bond pairs among the atoms in a molecule or also in ion. This model assumes that electron pairs will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion effects from one another and then ultimately form a specific geometry.
In the case of NO3-, the trigonal planar geometry is found. The central atom N has no lone pair left, all three bonds count for only one bonding pair each. Also the double bond here counts for only one bonding pair, just like the single bond. From this we can predict that the geometry here is trigonal planar.
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Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, if atmospheric concentrations increased rapidly what is a possible outcome?.
If atmospheric concentration of CO2 is increased it can increase the temperature of the Earth and leads to global warming.
What are greenhouse gases?
A greenhouse gas (GHG or GhG) is a gas that produces the greenhouse effect via absorption and emission of radiant energy in the thermal infrared range. Water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone are the main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the Earth (O3). Without greenhouse gases, the surface of the Earth would typically be roughly 18 °C (0 °F) instead of the current average of 15 °C (59 °F). In addition, greenhouse gases are present in the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, and Titan.
As a result of human activity, especially the burning of fossil fuels, which raises the levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, the surface of the planet has been warming over time, as seen since the pre-industrial era (between 1850 and 1900). The terms "climate change" and this one are not synonymous.Hence, if atmospheric concentration of CO2 is increased it can increase the temperature of the Earth and leads to global warming.
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Part A Which of the following have the same number of valence electrons? Xe, Rn, At Na,P Cl P; As, Sb Al, Ge, Sb Fr; Ra Lr Submit RequesLAISHef vide Feedback Type here t0 search
The following have the same number of valence electrons are : P, As, Sb.
The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of the element. the elements place in the rows and the group on the periodic table according to the their atomic numbers. the elements having same number of valence electrons placed in the groups. in the given elements the element which are placed in the same groups. are the phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb). The number of valence electrons are present is 5 valence electrons.
Thus, The following have the same number of valence electrons are : P, As, Sb.
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Where is MLA citation used?.
MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities.
In the humanities and liberal arts, the MLA style is often used. The manuscript text and parenthetical citations, often known as in-text citations, are formatted according to MLA standards. It also serves as the structure for the list of references and works cited section at the conclusion of the essay. MLA format prioritizes conciseness and clarity. It is advantageous for you to be familiar with both primary writing formats as a student writer, and this section will define the key components of MLA as well as provide particular instances of frequently used references.
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Draw the product formed from the condensation of three molecules of the monomer, glycolic acid. One molecule of glycolic acid is given. You will need to draw two more molecules and join them together.
The polymer of glycolic acid give different types of products. Poly means many. Therefore, polyglycolic acid is the product formed from the condensation of three molecules of the monomer, glycolic acid.
What is polymer?A polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules called macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. The repeating subunit is called monomer. Monomer can be of same type or different type. The linkage between units of amino acid is called peptide linkage or peptide bond.
When three molecules of the monomer, glycolic acid combine then the compound that is formed is polyglycolic acid.
Therefore, polyglycolic acid is the product formed from the condensation of three molecules of the monomer, glycolic acid.
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A scientist measures the standard enthalpy change for the following reaction to be 201.6 kJ:CH4(g) + H2O(g)3H2(g) + CO(g). Based on this value and the standard enthalpies of formation for the other substances, the standard enthalpy of formation of CO(g) is ?? kJ/mol.
At 298.15K, carbon dioxide's production enthalpy is H f = -393.5 kJ/mol CO 2. (g).
Why is the enthalpy of oxygen production zero?The most stable form of oxygen under ordinary conditions, which is also diatomic oxygen gas, O2, is what we use to create the oxygen gas. Therefore, nothing will change as we switch from O2 to O2. Enthalpy does not alter since there is no change. In light of this, the standard enthalpy of formation is zero.
O2 is endothermic, so why?Think about how gaseous nitrogen reacts with itself. Nitric oxide gas is created when N2(g) reacts with gaseous oxygen O2(g) (g). High temperatures are used to conduct this reaction. These kinds of reactions, in which the system absorbs heat, are known as endothermic reactions.
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tortured prisoners will say or do anything as not to relive the painful experience. it follows that torture is not a reliable method of interrogation.
The statement 'tortured prisoners will say or do anything as not to relive the painful experience. It follows that torture is not a reliable method of interrogation' is false.
When a criminal or prisoner is expected to have committed a serious crime such as putting the lives of people in danger then in some of these cases the prisoner has to be tortured in order to get information.
Torturing is a reliable method of interrogation of such prisoners because
they would most likely speak the truth in order to not relive the pain of the torture again. For such interrogations, torturing is proved to be reliable. However, care shall be taken to not kill the prisoners at the time of interrogation.
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Match the Period 3 chloride to its observed bonding type.
NaCl <------->
SiCl4 <------->
Cl2 <---------->
NaCl <------->Ionic
SiCl4 <------->Polar Covalent
Cl2 <----------> Nonpolar- Covalent
Ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), are generated by an electron transfer those results in the formation of ions. Ionic bonds are formed when ions exert electrostatic force on each other.
As a result, SiCl4 is covalent. We can observe from the electronegativity value that the difference between silicon and chlorine atoms is smaller than 0.9, indicating that it is covalent. Silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) is an inorganic chemical with the formula SiCl4. It is a colorless volatile liquid that emits fumes into the atmosphere.
Because of its linear symmetrical structure, Cl2 (Chlorine) is nonpolar in nature, and it is composed of two chlorine atoms with equal electronegativity. As a result, both atoms have an identical charge distribution, and the molecule produces a zero-dipole moment, resulting in a nonpolar chlorine molecule.
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What is the theory of abiogenesis by Stanley Miller?.
He discovered that perhaps the molecules had started to combine to form more complex compounds. Miller proposed that these molecules may unite to form self-replicating variants, like RNA and DNA, over the course of billions of years.
What was the finding of Stanley Miller's experiment?By replicating the circumstances of the early atmosphere of Earth, biochemists Stanley Miller as well as Harold Urey proved in an experiment from the 1950s that a number of organic chemicals may spontaneously arise.
What made Stanley Miller so well-known?For his demonstration of something like the prebiotic production of organic chemicals, also including amino acids, under simulated primordial Earth circumstances in the context of the beginning of life in the 1950s, Stanley gained international recognition.
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Describe how to make pure dry crystals of magnesium chloride from magnesium carbonate and a dilute acid.
In order to make dry crystals of magnesium, we will take a known volume of hydrochloric acid in a conical flask and add excess insoluble magnesium carbonate. They will react to produce soluble magnesium chloride and carbon dioxide gas.
A crystal or crystalline stable is a stable cloth whose elements (along with atoms, molecules, or ions) are organized in a tremendously ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all instructions.
The concept is that crystals interact with the frame's energy discipline, developing balance and alignment. Many human beings use crystals for strain and cognizance, whilst others agree that crystals have the electricity to heal physical ailments and illnesses.
Take a look at reveals microscopic lifestyles in 830-million-12 months-antique crystal – and it might be alive! A recent study in the magazine Geology finds microorganisms trapped in an 830-million-12 months-antique salt crystal. The researchers say it'd still be alive.
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A vessel contains 1 mole of O2 gas (molar mass=32) at temperature T. The pressure of the gas is P. An identical vessel containing one mole of He gas (molar mass=4) at a temperature 2T, has a pressure of
A vessel contains 1 mole of O2 gas (molar mass=32) at temperature T. The pressure of the gas is P. An identical vessel containing one mole of He gas (molar mass=4) at a temperature 2T, has a pressure of 2P.
We understand that : PV=nRT
Here, P 1 =P,V 1 =V 2 =V (as equal vessel extent V is identical for each gas)T 1 =T,T 2 =2T,n 1 =n 2 =1,P 2 =? Thus, P 1 P 2 = T 1 T 2 or PP 2 = T2T ⇒P 2 =2P.T= twice and pressure is also 2.Thus it is 2p.Read more about pressure:
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which one of the following is not an element of lean manufacturing? group of answer choices mass customization waste reduction small batch scheduling inventory and set-up time reduction
3. Small batch scheduling is not an element of lean manufacturing.
Lean manufacturing is a production technique that primarily aims to shorten response times from suppliers and consumers as well as times spent in the production system. It is an approach that emphasizes avoiding waste in production systems while also boosting productivity.
Seven elements of lean manufacturing are given below:
Waste minimizationLean structuresDecreased inventory, setup, and changeover timesSchedules for small batches and homogeneous plant loadingRelationships in the lean supply chainEmployee empowerment and human rights Ongoing developmentFor more questions like Lean manufacturing click the link below;
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all of the following are greenhouse gases. which one(s) are particularly good at absorbing infrared light and contributing to the greenhouse effect?
All of the following are greenhouse gases. one(s) are particularly good at absorbing infrared light and contributing to the greenhouse effect is methane.
The greenhouse gases are : carbon dioxide , methane , ozone and nitrous oxide. the most powerful out of these are carbon dioxide and methane gas. the methane is most powerful gas that absorb more heat than the carbon dioxide. methane is the combination the carbon and the four hydrogen atom. methane gas is used as fuel .
Thus, All of the following are greenhouse gases. one(s) are particularly good at absorbing infrared light and contributing to the greenhouse effect is methane.
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What chemicals are mutagens?.
A chemical or physical substance that has the ability to cause DNA mutations is referred to as a mutagen. Products like tobacco and radioactive materials are examples of mutagens.
How do we define the term "chemical"?Anything with a certain composition is considered a chemical. The same "stuff" makes up a chemical, in other words, consistently. Water, for example, contains certain compounds. Additionally, chemicals like chlorine are produced (used for bleaching fabrics or in swimming pools).
Describe some examples of chemicals.Chemicals can be formed up of simple substances like water, carbon dioxide, salt, and zinc, as well as more sophisticated ones like your computer, the atmosphere, rain, a chicken, a car, etc. Chemicals can also be made up of chemical components like oxygen, helium, and zinc.
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Ibuprofen, a common headache remedy, has an empirical formula of c7h9o and a molar mass of approximately 215 g/mol. What is the molecular formula for ibuprofen?.
Ibuprofen is an analgesic and has the molecular formula C14H18O2 based on its empirical formula.
What does a molecular formula mean?The chemical weight is an equation that specifies how many atom of each element there are in a single compound's moleculeIt shows the exact number of atoms in a given molecule. For instance, the molecular formula for propane is C4H10.The given compound has a formula of three - carbon atoms and 9 hydrogen atoms.
The purpose of a molecular formula is what ?A molecule's molecular formula reveals which ions how many of each kind are included within it. No subtitle is used if there is just one molecule of a certain kind. A subscript is added to the symbol for an atom if it contains two and more of a certain type of atom.
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a reducing chemical reaction . group of answer choices reduces the compound to a simpler form adds an electron to the substrate removes a hydrogen atom from the substrate is a catabolic reaction
A reducing chemical reaction adds an electron to the substrate.
Reduction is a term used to describe the yield of electrons, the accumulation of hydrogen, or the reduction of oxygen from the substrate.
When a reactant accumulates electrons during a reaction, it is called reduction. Reduction reactions include the addition of electrons to a substrate and the donor of the electrons is a reducing agent that itself brings oxidization. Therefore a reducing chemical reaction retains the addition of electrons to a substrate.
Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions consist of the transfer of electrons between compounds while catabolic reactions are the type of reactions in which complex substances are split down into simpler units with the discharge of energy. Therefore these options are incorrect
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Which of the following aspects of electromagnetic radiation best explains why electromagtic radion is both useful and harmful to humans? -can be described in terms of both wavelength and frequency; - travels at the speed of light; - can travel through a vaccum;- is energy and can interact with matter
The correct answer is option A.
Electromagnetic radiation is both useful and harmful to humans because they have both wavelength and frequency.
What are electromagnetic radiations?
A wave that consists of both electric and magnetic radiations is called an electromagnetic radiation.
These waves are also described in terms of having both wavelength and frequency.
In an empty space, these waves move with the speed of light and include gamma rays, radio waves, infrared light, X-rays, and ultraviolet rays.
Due to their high frequency, these waves are high energy waves and are used to inhibit the growth of unnecessary cells inside body but they can also cause damage to healthy cells and body tissues.
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