NAD+ is produced during the production of lactate, and it can be recycled during glycolysis.
Intensity and an example are what?According to the dictionary, intensity is the characteristic of being extremely powerful, concentrated, or difficult, or the strength or difficulty level of anything. Being able to run at your full speed for miles on end is an example of intensity. The speed at which a treadmill is going is an illustration of intensity. noun.
What is light intensity?The pace at which light disperses over a surface of a specific region some distances from a source is referred to as intensity. The intensity changes depending on the source's power and distance from it.
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linked genes are a. are located on the same chromosome b. have no alleles c. have more alleles than usual d. are located on different chromosomes
linked genes are located on the same chromosome
Linked genes would be those who reside on the same chromosome. When meiosis occurs, alleles for such genes often segregate collectively unless they could be dispersed through crossing over.
Within the same chromosome could be linked genes. X-linked genes are found on the X chromosome, while genes that are sex-linked have been found on a sex chromosome. Linkage maps that depict the positions of genes across chromosomes are created using the frequency of genome crossing-over.
Genes are referred to as linked once they were located close to one another on the same chromosome. This means that the alleles, as well as gene variants, that are already present on one chromosome would most likely be inherited together.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (a)
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which is the correct sequence of components leading up to and following secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), and other hormones by the thyroid gland?
Thyroid gland working mechanism:
Changes in external stimulus → hypothalamus → TRH → anterior pituitary →TSH → thyroid gland → thyroxine
The thyroid gland consists of 2 lobes, namely the right and lobes left associated with a narrow section called isthmus form-like bowties. Thyroid hormones control the rate of burning glucose or oxidation, which is converted into body heat and chemical energy. The raw material for thyroid hormone is iodine which is abundantly contained in seafood
Step-by-step working mechanism thyroid gland:
If the hypothalamus is stimulated.Hypothalamus secretes TRH.Stimulates the anterior pituitary.Secretes TSH.Stimulates the thyroid gland.Secretes thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).Increased metabolic rate, CNS development, and sympathetic activity.Learn more about the working mechanism thyroid gland here https://brainly.com/question/28497771
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which is false? the ampa receptor ... which is false? the ampa receptor ... handles most fast excitatory responses to glutamate. is permeable to ca . is ionotropic is permeable to na and k .
False statement about AMPA receptor is they handles most fast excitatory responses to glutamate .
AMPA receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. AMPA receptors stands for α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid .AMPA, is a compound that is a specific agonist for the AMPA receptor, where it copy the effects of the neurotransmitter glutamate.
AMPA glutamate antagonist anticonvulsants are used to treat abnormal electrical activity in only one area of the brain .They are used to treat acute seizure that is abnormal electrical activity throughout the brain involving loss of consciousness and excessive muscle contractions.
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CASE STUDY Explain the relationship among homeostasis, defective mitochondria, and the symptoms caused by LHON.
The relationship among homeostasis, defective mitochondria and the symptoms caused by LHON is the following:
The power center of the cell, the mitochondria are also involved in homeostasis, the maintenance of a stable internal environment even in the face of variations in the external environment.
Mitochondrial diseases can be caused by inherited mutations in mitochondrial DNA or defects in the proteins responsible for regulating mitochondrial division, affecting the body's homeostasis.
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is the first disease associated with a mutation in the mitochondrial genome, specifically it produces the specific degradation of neurons involved in sending information from the eye to the brain (RGC).
This disease is caused almost entirely by three mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
The first symptoms are blurred vision, with unilateral or bilateral onset, which over time affects and / or worsens in both eyes, with loss of visual acuity and color vision.
Vision loss is painless and is caused by degeneration of the optic nerve, specifically of the retinal ganglion cells (RGC).
Therefore, we can conclude that LHON is a disease associated with a mutation in the mitochondrial genome affecting the body's homeostasis.
Question
What is the purpose of a drug ad placed by a drug company that mentions a medical condition, but not a drug name?
The main purpose is to increase people’s awareness of a medical condition.
The drug company hopes people will demand that the government spend money on research for the condition.
The goal is to get people to ask their doctor about drugs that might treat a condition.
The purpose is for people to join an organization that works to help the condition.
.
Explanation:
to get people to ask their doctor about drugs that might treat a condition
The structure of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, differ in that
a
DNA contains a nucleotide with thymine, while RNA contains a nucleotide with uracil.
b
DNA's nucleotide sequence is single stranded, while RNA's nucleotide sequence is double stranded.
c
RNA's backbone is made up of phosphates, while DNA's backbone is made up of nitrates.
d
RNA contains only three different nucleotides, while DNA contains four different nucleotides.
Answer:
The answers are A and B and that's how DNA and RNA differ
small bundles of lymphoid tissues lining the walls of the intestine to protect against invading organisms are called .
Peyer's patches (or aggregated lymphoid nodules) are organized lymphoid nodules,
Peyer's patches are a component of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)
Microscopically, Peyer's patches can be seen appear as oval or round lymphoid follicles.
Named after the 17th-century Swiss anatomist Johann Conrad Peyer.
They are found all through the ileum area of the small intestine. ileum is the last area of small intestine.
majority people have between 30 and 40 Peyer’s patches and younger people have more than older people.
Peyer patches have variety of immune cells which includes macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells.
there are also M cells near to Peyer patches, these M cells feed antigens to the macrophages.
Peyer patches function as, if any antigen is a harmful pathogen, the T cells and B cells in the Peyer’s patches signal your immune system to attack and destroy it
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What would happen if Earth absorbed all of the heat from the sun? (1 point)
Responses
Earth would lose all of its heat.
Earth would lose all of its heat.
Earth would eventually stop receiving heat.
Earth would eventually stop receiving heat.
Earth would become too hot.
Earth would become too hot.
Earth would become too cold.
the energy in a gluclose molecule is transfered to for use in the cell
Answer: ATP
Explanation:
what is radial symmetry? answer when an organism cannot be divided to produce a mirror image when an organism can be divided two ways around the central axis to make a mirror image there is only one way an organism can be divided to make a mirror image when an organism can be divided multiple ways around their central axis to make a mirror image
Radial symmetry is a type of symmetry in which the body plan is divisible into identical parts all over a central axis.
Symmetry is a characteristic of assured organisms in which there is regularity in parts on a plane or all over an axis. Radial symmetry is a symmetry in which the sides display correspondence or constancy of parts all over a central axis. It is without left and right sides. On contrary, bilateral symmetry is more usual than radial symmetry.
Relatively fewer animals possess radial symmetry. Some of them are sea stars, sea anemones, jellyfish and sea urchins. In the plant kingdom, though, many flowers are manifesting radial symmetry.
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Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle "The Circle of Life"? (Starting with a new cell)
The Circle Of Life — Mindfully Connected
a
Go, G1, S-Phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, S-Phase
b
G1, S-Phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
c
S-Phase, G1, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
d
Cytokinesis, Mitosis, G1, S-Phase, G2
The correct sequence is G1, S-Phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis .
First phase of the cell cycle is G1 phase, the cell grows physically and increases the volume of both protein and organelles. after that In S phase, the cell copies its DNA to produce two sister chromatids and replicates its nucleosomes. Finally, G2 phase involves further cell growth.
Phase that is active after G2 is mitosis. Mitosis is the process of a cell dividing into two equal daughter cells with same genetic information. This process is crucial as it helps in regeneration of cells that might be damaged or destroyed . After that cytokinesis helps to from two different homologous pair of cells .
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what inorganic gas has been shown to act as a second messenger that relaxes the smooth muscles of blood vessels?
Using the theories of inorganic gases, we got nitrous oxide(NO) is the inorganic gas which has been shown to act as second messenger that relaxes the smooth muscle of blood vessels.
The access of contaminated air from outside is main source of inorganic gases in the interior spaces. Other sources are use of ultraviolet light technology.
The Ozone in the troposphere acts as an ultraviolet ray filter. However, on earth’s surface or inside spaces, it works as an air pollutant.
Higher concentrations of the ozone appear when there are higher solar radiation and the emissions of volatile organic compounds. Thus, the volatile organic compounds are capable of reaction and producing photochemical oxidants that impel the creation of ozone.
Hence, the inorganic gas which has been shown to act as second messenger that relaxes the smooth muscles of blood vessels is Nitrous oxide(NO).
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Two types of mutations in the gene encoding phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase, or prs, have been observed. one mutation alters the regulatory site on the enzyme, whereas the other mutation alters the promoter of the enzyme. both mutations result in increased prs activity. how will the two different mutations in prs affect the transition between the r and t states of the enzyme? the mutation in the regulatory site will not affect the transition between the r and t states. the mutation in the promoter
Using the concepts of mutations ,we got that both the given mutations differ in the production of uric acid in human body.
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase super-activity (PRS super-activity) is characterized by the overproduction and accumulation of uric acid (a waste product of normal chemical processes) in the blood and urine. The overproduction of uric acid can lead to gout, which is arthritis caused by an accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints. Individuals with PRS super-activity also develop kidney or bladder stones that may result in episodes of acute kidney failure.
There are two forms of PRS super-activity, a severe form that begins in infancy or early childhood, and a milder form that typically appears in late adolescence or early adulthood. In both forms, a kidney or bladder stone is often the first symptom. Gout and impairment of kidney function may develop if the condition is not adequately controlled with medication and dietary restrictions. People with the severe form may also have neurological problems, including hearing loss caused by changes in the inner ear (sensorineural hearing loss), weak muscle tone (hypotonia), impaired muscle coordination (ataxia), and developmental delay.
Hence, the two different mutations in prs affect the transition between the r and t states of the enzyme differs on the basis of uric acid production in human body,
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what phylum do these organisms belong to?group of answer choices alveolataciliophorarhizopod kinetoplastida
These organisms belong to the Phylum Euglenzoa.
A sizable subclass of flagellate Discoba is called Euglenozoa. As well as several popular free-living organisms, they also contain a few significant parasites, some of which can infect people.
Three primary clades—Kinetoplastea, Diplonema, and Symbiontida—represent the euglenozoa.
The phylum Euglenozoa divides into three distinct lineages with various life strategies: euglenids, kinetoplastids, and diplonemids.
While certain euglenoid genera include chloroplasts and are thus classified as algae, the bulk of Euglenozoa's genera are colorless and devoid of chloroplasts, which do not comply to normal algal traits. This has caused controversy regarding the taxonomy of Euglenozoa for a long time.
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which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?
Type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction or dilation of blood vessels are Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
Blood vessels are channels that deliver blood during your body. They form a closed loop, like a circuit, that starts offevolved and ends at your coronary heart. Collectively, the coronary heart vessels and blood vessels shape your circulatory device. Your body incorporates approximately 60,000 miles of blood vessels.
Vessels shipping vitamins to organs/tissues and to transport wastes faraway from organs/tissues within the blood. A primary reason and sizeable role of the vasculature is its participation in oxygenating the body.
There are five instructions of blood vessels: arteries and arterioles (the arterial machine), veins and venules (the venous system), and capillaries (the smallest bloods vessels, linking arterioles and venules through networks within organs and tissues) .
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Living things that are well adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. Those that are not well adapted don't survive and reproduce. An adaptation is any characteristic that increases fitness, which is defined as the ability to survive and reproduce. What characteristic of the mice is an adaptation that increased their fitness?
Answer:
Natural Selection
Explanation:
what part of a nucleotide provides energy to form the sugar-phosphate backbone of dna and rna molecules?
A component of the phosphate backbone known as an ATP, an energy molecule, is used to bind the DNA together.
What are DNA and RNA molecules?
Nucleic acids, which are big molecules consisting of monomers called nucleotides, include DNA and RNA. Genetic information, which the organism uses to produce proteins, is stored in nucleic acids. Despite the many similarities between DNA and RNA, there are a number of significant structural and functional differences between these two molecules.
What is the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA molecule?
The part of the DNA double helix that gives the molecule's structure support is known as the phosphate backbone. Two strands of DNA form a twisted ladder-like structure by wrapping around one another. Deoxyribose and phosphate groups alternately form the backbone of each strand.
Hence, ATP is the molecule providing energy for the process.
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What does a nucleotide consist of?
Answer:
A molecule consisting of a nitrogen-containing base ( adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA ).
Explanation:
Answer: A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group.
Explanation:
which of the following is not a cytopathic effect of viruses? which of the following is not a cytopathic effect of viruses? inclusion bodies forming in the cytoplasm or nucleus host cells fusing to form multinucleated syncytia toxin production cell death increased cell growth
Cytopathic effects are alterations in cell morphology brought on by an infecting virus (CPE). The rounding of the infected cell, the fusing of the infected cell with neighboring cells to produce syncytia (prokaryotes), and the formation of nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are typical examples.
Absolute destruction The most severe cytopathic effect is this one. Complete Destruction The glass surface is seeded with a monolayer of host cells, and a viral infection that causes focal degeneration is then introduced. Syncytium, inclusion bodies, foamy degeneration, swelling and clumpingCytopathic effect (CPE), structural alterations brought on by viral infection in a host cell. CPE happens when the infecting virus causes the host cell to lyse (dissolve), or when the cell dies without lysing because it cannot divide.To know more about Cytopathic
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in the scotopic system, the relationship between the number of visual receptor cells and the number of ganglion cells demonstrates a of in
The amount of ganglion cells and visual receptor cells shows convergence of information.
The absence of photoreceptors at the optic disc is caused by what?The absence of photoreceptors in the optic disc region is caused by the ganglion cell axons exiting the retina and creating the optic nerve. FIG. 19.5, Different densities of rods and cones are seen throughout the retina. At the fovea, cones are situated.
Scotopic vision is caused by which cells?The rods are in charge of scotopic vision, while the cones are in charge of color and daylight vision. Red, green, and blue lights cause different types of cones to react.
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The most common elements for life are
CHONPS
The letter O symbolizes the element....
A. oxide
B. oxygen
C. oxidase
Answer: Oxygen
Explanation:
Diatomic oxygen (O2) makes up about 21% of the Earth's atmosphere and is vital for life.
An
(beginning/ end) of a gene is the most harmful.
(insertion / substitution) mutation at the
The most dangerous gene mutation is frameshift.
Which mutation is the most harmful?The DNA sequence is most severely damaged by mutations brought on by the insertion or deletion of nitrogenous bases because they entirely alter the reading frame for the process of protein production. The most harmful mutation is thought to be a frameshift mutation caused by an insertion or deletion.
Which is worse for you, insertion or substitution?Insertions and deletions typically do more damage than substitutions, which only change one amino acid, since they create a frame-shift that alters the reading of succeeding codons and, consequently, changes the complete set of amino acids that follow the mutation.
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What is composed of cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream?.
Endocrine glands have composed of cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream.
Endocrine glands are also known as hormone-producing glands. These glands are scattered in various parts of the body and have their respective roles in regulating organ systems. Therefore, their health needs to be maintained in order to function normally.
Various Glands in Endocrine Glands1. Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is a small gland located at the base of the brain. Despite its small size, the function of this gland is very large in the endocrine system. This gland is considered the 'leader' of all endocrine glands, as it can produce various hormones that regulate the functions of other endocrine glands.
2. Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland produces the hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) which are responsible for regulating the body's metabolic processes. In addition, this hormone also plays a role in the formation of bone tissue, body temperature regulation, and the development of the brain and nervous system.
3. Parathyroid glands
This gland releases parathyroid hormone which plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the blood. The task of this hormone is assisted by the hormone calcitonin which is produced by the thyroid gland.
4. Adrenal glands
The adrenal glands are divided into two parts, namely the cortex and the medulla. The cortex is responsible for producing steroid hormones that regulate metabolism, the immune system, the body's response to stress, and the development and function of sexual organs.
Meanwhile, the medulla plays a role in producing the hormone epinephrine or adrenaline to increase blood pressure and heart rate.
5. Pancreatic gland
The pancreas gland produces two hormones, namely the hormone glucagon and the hormone insulin. Glucagon functions to store and increase blood sugar levels, while insulin functions to lower blood sugar levels.
6. Reproductive glands
The male reproductive glands or testes are located in the testicles or scrotum, while the female reproductive glands, the ovaries or ovaries, are located in the pelvis.
The testes produce the hormone testosterone to produce sperm, while the ovaries produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone which play a role in supporting pregnancy and regulating the process of ovulation and menstruation.
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What is composed of cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream?.
Endocrine gland composed of cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream
Hormones are your body chemical messengers and they travel in your bloodstream to tissue or organ and endocrine gland which are the special groups of cell and make hormones and the major endocrine gland are the pituitary and thymus, thyroid and adrenal and in addition men produce hormones in their testes and women produce them in their ovaries and the endocrine gland system include cell, tissue and organ that are collectively called endocrine gland that's why endocrine gland release hormones into the bloodstream this let the hormones travel to cell in other part of the body
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broth cultures generally die out quickly because of the build-up of metabolic wastes. why is this less of a problem with slant cultures?
The slant cultures do not die out quickly as compared to the broth cultures because the metabolic waste is formed very slowly and bacteria cannot get adequate nutrition.
Why slant culture do not die as quickly as broth culture?
The slant cultures do not die out quickly as compared to the broth cultures because metabolic waste builds up slowly and bacteria cannot derive adequate nutrition. Food and metabolic waste gradually diffuse in the slant culture and create less complications than broth cultures.
Broth cultures is a way for scientists to grow and maintain the cultures of bacteria and they are also useful for bacteria that have been in stressful experiment.
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how does a homozygous round seed plant differ from a heterozygous round seed plant in the f2 generation?
A homozygous round seed in the f2 generation has the same pair of alleles and a heterozygous one has two different alleles.
Humans have two sets of Chromosomes. Allelic pairs are categorized using the terms homozygous and heterozygous. Homozygous individuals are those who have two copies of the same allele (RR or rr). While heterozygote refers to a particular organism with different alleles (Rr).
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vitamin d is necessary for a. reduce osteoclast activity; b. increase osteoblast activity; c. the formation of the organic framework of bone d. collagen formation; e. absorption of calcium and phosphate ions;
Using the theories of vitamins, we got vitamin d is necessary for absorption of calcium and phosphate ions.
Vitamin D is actually a fat-soluble vitamin in a family of compounds that includes vitamins D1, D2, and D3.
Your body produces vitamin D naturally when it’s directly exposed to the sunlight. You can also get vitamin D from certain foods and the supplements to ensure adequate levels of the vitamin in your blood.
Vitamin D has various important functions. Perhaps it is the most vital are regulating the absorption of calcium and the phosphorus and facilitating normal immune system function (1).
Getting enough vitamin D is important for the typical growth and development of bones and teeth, as well as it improved resistance to certain diseases.
Hence, vitamin D is necessary for absorption of calcium and phosphate ions.
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a change in the dna sequence of a gene is called a(n) , which can result in a change in the phenotype.
An alteration to a gene's DNA sequence that is permanent is known as a gene variation.
An illustration of a gene variant is?Different gene forms, often known as alleles, are the outcome of genetic variation. One allele of the eye color gene, for instance, is present in people with blue eyes, but a different allele is present in persons with brown eyes.
What does phenotypic transformation entail?3,4,33 In phenotypic switching, a cell or organism can change from one phenotype to another or two cells or organisms might exhibit different phenotypes despite sharing the same genotype.
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what morphological features have traditionally been used to classify animals, but are now recognized as being less useful in determining evolutionary relationships than originally thought
segmentation; presence/absence of a coelom are the morphological features that have traditionally been used to classify animals but are now recognized as being less useful in determining evolutionary relationships.
Animals are primarily divided into groups based on their physical and developmental traits, such as their body plans. The morphological symmetry of genuine animals' body plans is one of their most notable characteristics. This implies that the distribution of their bodily components along an axis is balanced. The number of tissue layers that form throughout development, the existence or absence of an internal body cavity, and other aspects of embryological development, such as the mouth's and the anus's genesis, are additional characteristics.
The complete question is:
What morphological features have traditionally been used to classify animals, but are now recognized as being less useful in determining evolutionary relationships than originally thought?
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nmda receptors: a. are found in the hippocampal formation. b. control a sodium ion channel. c. are metabotropic receptors. d. are activated by serotonin. e. are a type of dopamine receptor.
Nmda receptors include metabotropic receptors, which are a subclass of membrane receptors that use signal transduction processes instead of forming an ion channel pore.
How do metabotropic receptors work?Metabotropic receptors are really a subclass of membrane receptors which do not create an ion channel pore but instead use signaling molecules mechanisms, frequently G proteins, to trigger a cascade of intracellular actions via second messenger chemicals.
How do metabotropic receptors function?When a neurotransmitter binds to a metabotropic receptor, G-proteins are activated. After the receptor is released, the G-protein interacts with ion channels directly or binds to other effector proteins, including such enzymes, to produce intracellular messengers that opens and closes ion channels.
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