Sleep spindles is the name for a burst of activity on an EEG in the early stages of sleep.
Such a system includes sleep spindles. The EEG shows bursts of coherent brain activity known as sleep spindles, which are particularly noticeable during stage 2 sleep. They are made up of quick 11–16 Hz waves that last 0.5–1.5 seconds. In animals, the onset of cortical sleep spindles typically happens with high-frequency (about 200 Hz) ripples that travel on sharp hippocampus waves during NREM sleep (Siapas and Wilson, 1998). As memories are solidified during sleep, the co-occurrence of hippocampal sharp waves and cortical spindles may be the mechanism behind the integration of information between the hippocampus and neocortex (Buzsáki, 1996).
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What is the role of crossing over in genetic variation?
Crossing over creates gametes that contain new combinations of genes in order to prevent genetic diversity.
In general , crossing over works in the process of creating gametes that contain new combinations of genes, that helps to maximize the genetic diversity in the future offspring are the result of consequent association of two gametes during se.xual reproduction.
Hence , Crossing over is a cellular process which happens at the stage of meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up. Also when chromosomes from the mother and father line up they takes place in crossing over .
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based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of in liver cells. group of answer choices lysosomes golgi apparatuses smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum
The liver has copious amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum as it is involved in the detoxification of various compounds such as drugs, alcohol, and so on. Hence it is the correct option 3.
The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes within the cell that allows proteins and other molecules to move. Ribosomes are organelles that build proteins.
When proteins are intended for the cell membrane or to be exported from the cell, the ribosomes that assemble them connect to the endoplasmic reticulum, giving it a rough appearance. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which lacks ribosomes, aids in the synthesis and concentration of numerous chemicals required by the cell.
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Full Question: Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of in liver cells. group of answer choices
lysosomes Golgi apparatuses smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulumHi, I just have a question for my science assignment. So basically I decided to construct a drawing/ model of “ movement and matter and energy from plants into other organisms” and I have to show how mass and energy are conserved before and after each interaction can anyone give me any ideas on what to draw/model?
Answer:
Not sure if this is similar or the right idea but if this is cellular respiration where energy of something eaten is given to the eater just draw an arrow to the eater and than just explain some more not sure if this answers your question
what is behavioral geneticists are primarily interested in
One goal of behavioural geneticist research is to determine how much hereditary and environmental factors contribute to behavioural variation in the group under study.
What is behavioral genetics?A field of science called behavioural genetics, often known as behaviour genetics, uses genetic methods to investigate the nature and root causes of behavioural variances among people. Even though the term "behavioural genetics" implies a focus on genetic influences, the field more broadly investigates how much genetic and environmental factors influence individual variations and the development of research techniques that can eliminate the confounding effects of genes and environment. In the late 19th century, Francis Galton founded the scientific area of behavioural genetics; however, due of its associations with eugenics organisations before and during World War II, it has since lost credibility.
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Consider the elements, listed, found in the human body. Which two are major components, making up at least 3% each of the human body? hydrogen n cobalt selenium O magnesium O carbon
The elements hydrogen and carbon are two major components from the listed elements making up at least 3% each of the human body.
The human body is made up of six elements, including oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus, making up about 99% of its mass. The remaining five elements, potassium, sulphur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, make up only around 0.85% of the total composition. Life need all 11 of them. The remaining elements are trace elements, of which more than a dozen are believed to be required for life on the basis of strong evidence. The body mass of magnesium, the least prevalent of the 11 non-trace elements, is not equal to the combined mass of the trace elements (less than 10 grammes for a human body).
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which of the following is the most direct cause of muscle relaxation? choose the best answer. view available hint(s)for part k which of the following is the most direct cause of muscle relaxation? choose the best answer. ca2 unbinds from troponin, which results in tropomyosin re-covering myosin binding sites. the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber exhausts all of its available atp. the delivery of action potentials from the motor neuron stops. the voltage created along the t-tubule fades and the muscle fiber membrane returns to a resting potential value.
Tropomyosin re-covers myosin binding sites as a result of Ca2+ dissociating from troponin.
The muscle is relaxed as a result of the myosin-actin cross bridge being broken by the binding of ATP to myosin heads.The Golgi tendon reflex works as a protective feedback system to reduce the tension of an active muscle by inducing relaxation before the tendon tension reaches high enough to cause harm.Ca++ will be pumped back into the SR from the sarcoplasm by ATP-driven pumps. As a result, the actin-binding sites on the thin filaments are "reshielded." Ah lay cleanup Ah advancement hurt advancement advancement chopped relatedUploaded sang advancement proaspat proaspat proaspat proaspat proaspat proaspat proaspat proaspat proaspatAsadar proaspat galbenrop anunțat omul Neck Transitionshipmentsquête umplutrug Transition ramane Gibsoncumva intreb ramaneatiiDENcumva dunkel sustinutculoareacumva dunkel sustinuttinăcumva dunkel. . When tropomyosin binds to calcium, muscles relax. Cross bridge separation results from tropomyosin pushing the myosin head away. Tropomyosin is displaced, exposing the actin active sites and allowing cross bridges to develop.
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How do chromosomes in most cells of an organism such as the leaf calles of a plant compare to the chromosomes in its reproductive cells which are spread and egg cells
The number of chromosomes in an organism's vegetative cells is typically twice that of its reproductive cells.
The number of chromosomes in normal organisms is diploid (2n). The number of chromosomes found in other non-reproductive portions of animals is often divided in half by the number of sex cells, such as sperm and egg cells. In sexual reproduction, sex cells like sperm and egg cells are involved. They are therefore also called as gametes.
The sperm cell with its haploid (n) chromosome number and the egg cell with its haploid (n) chromosome number combine during fertilization to create a zygote (2n) with a full set of chromosomes. The ensuing zygotes following fertilization will not have the typical number of organisms' chromosomes if the sex cells do not contain half of the typical diploid chromosome.
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Which is not a characteristic of life?
1) grow and develop
2) homeostasis
3) ability to reproduce
4) Consisting of more than one cell
Answer:
4. Consisting of more than one cell
Explanation:
All living organisms are made up of one or more cells, which are considered the fundamental units of life. Even unicellular organisms are complex! Inside each cell, atoms make up molecules, which make up cell organelles and structures. In multicellular organisms, similar cells form tissues.
living things have certain traits in common: Cellular organization, the ability to reproduce, growth & development, energy use, homeostasis, response to their environment, and the ability to adapt.
describe what heredity is and how it works in mice.
Answer:
Heredity refers to the transmission of genetic information from one generation to another through the genetic material (DNA) of an organism. In mice, heredity works by passing on specific traits and characteristics from parents to offspring through the genes located on the chromosomes. These genes contain the instructions for the production of specific proteins, which determine the physical and behavioral traits of an individual. During reproduction, the genetic material from the parents is combined to form the DNA of the offspring, resulting in a unique combination of traits from both parents. The process of heredity helps to ensure the survival of species by enabling organisms to pass on beneficial traits to their offspring, allowing them to adapt to changing environments.
Explanation:
some frequencies of ultraviolet light have enough energy to kill bacteria and viruses, but do not have enough energy to penetrate or damage human tissue. for which one of the following medical applications would this type of electromagnetic radiation be most useful? a to target and kill cancer cells b to disinfect surgical rooms c to correct errors in vision d to restructure a tooth
To disinfect surgical rooms (B) is the correct option.
What is the application of UV-rays?For medical applications, ultraviolet light that has enough energy to kill bacteria and viruses but does not have enough energy to penetrate or damage human tissue would be most useful for disinfecting surgical rooms. This is because disinfecting surgical rooms require the elimination of bacteria and viruses that may cause infection in patients without harming the healthcare personnel or patients.
Ultraviolet light disinfection is a fast, easy, and effective way to kill bacteria and viruses in a room, including those in hard-to-reach areas that may be missed during manual cleaning.
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where in the lymph node is a dendritic cell most likely associated with and activating a t lymphocyte?
Dendritic cells associate with B and T lymphocytes at cortex in lymph nodes. option 1)
A lymph node, sometimes known as a lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped component of the lymphatic and adaptive immune systems. A huge number of lymph nodes are linked throughout the body by the lymphatic veins. These are important locations for lymphocytes such as B and T cells. Lymph nodes are necessary for the immune system to operate properly, acting as filters for foreign particles such as cancer cells, but they do not have a detoxifying function.
A lymph node is a secondary lymphoid organ in the lymphatic system. A lymph node is composed of an outer cortex and an inner medulla encased in a fibrous capsule.
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Full Question: Where in the lymph node is a dendritic cell most likely associated with a B or T lymphocyte?
cortexcapsulemedullatrabeculaeMembers of which bacterial phylum share a unique morphology?a. Spirochaetes
b. Firmicutes
c. Chlamydias
d. Cyanobacteria
Spirochaetes, which have a unique corkscrew shape, this members of bacterial phylum share a unique morphology.
They are gram negative bacteria with helical coiled shaped cells, they are also motile and are generally in watery environment.
They are bacteria, which are pathogens and cause diseases like as syphilis, yaws, Lyme disease, and relapsing fever.
spirochaetes comes under the type of bacteria within the phylum Spirochetes
The shape is like that because of endoflagella and axial filament that gives the spirochete its unique spiral/twisting
The axial filament present attaches to an opposite end which curls around the body of the cells and then which is enclosed by an envelope
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___migration starts with I and the word___helps us remember that____ means which is when individuals move____ a population
Internal migration starts with "I" and the word "Internal" helps us remember that it means movement within a country, which is when individuals move within a population.
What is internal immigration?Immigration is the process through which people acquire the status of citizens or permanent residents in another nation.
Human migration within a nation is known as internal migration or domestic migration. Internal migration typically involves moving for economic or educational purposes, or as a result of a natural disaster or civil war.
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in the diagrammed dna molecule, assume the promoter for this gene is located to the right. which strand is the template strand for mrna synthesis?
To differenciate between the template and the coding strand, you need to identify the promoter. This segment is always located at the extreme of the template strand.
What are the DNA template and the coding strands?
During the transcription process, the DNI molecule separates into two strands to form the transcription bubble. Two strands are identified
The coding strand goes in directions 5' to 3',
The complementary strand -template strand- grows in directions 3' to 5'.
The template strand is the one that is going to be complemented by the mRNA. RNA polymerase is in charge of reading the original DNI strand for mRNA synthesis.
mRNA molecule grows complementing DNA base sequences beginning from the promoter position. Let us remember that the promoter is the DNA sequence to which proteins bind to initiate transcription.
The coding strand is not involved in transcription, and its nucleotidic sequence is the same as the mRNA sequence.
I could not find the diagrammed DNA molecule, but to identify the template strand, you need to look for the promoter position. The promoter is always located at the extreme of the template strand.
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daptomycin is an antibiotic that binds to the bacterial membrane and allows ions to freely flow through the membrane. how would this kill a cell?
Daptomycin is an antibiotic that binds to the bacterial membrane, causing depolarization of the membrane potential and rapid efflux of potassium ions from the cell.
This Daptomycin disrupts the integrity and function of the bacterial membrane, ultimately leading to cell death. Specifically, the increased permeability of the membrane leads to leakage of cellular contents, including ions and other molecules. The loss of intracellular contents disrupts essential cellular processes, Daptomycin which ultimately leads to cell death. Additionally, the loss of potassium ions can lead to a reduction in the proton motive force, which is required for ATP production, and can also trigger the release of bacterial membrane enzymes, causing further damage to the cell.
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chloroplasts are known for all of the following except being
chloroplasts are known for all the following except being responsible for cellular respiration. A sequence of chemical processes known as cellular respiration convert glucose into ATP, which can then be used as energy for a variety of bodily functions.
Chloroplasts and plastids are membrane-bound organelles that play a significant role in photosynthesis in plant and algal cells. While processing solar energy and storing it in the energy-storing molecules ATP and NADPH, the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll also releases oxygen from water in the cells. The Calvin cycle is a mechanism that turns carbon dioxide into organic molecules by using ATP and NADPH. Fatty acid, amino acid, and immune system synthesis are all produced by plant chloroplasts.
The complete question is:
Chloroplasts are known for all the following except being:
a) Photosynthesis
b) cellular respiration
c) Energy conservation
d) All
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Is this carbon cycle picture right?
Answer: It looks accurate to me
Explanation: Nice looks good
Why are significant figures important when taking data in the laboratory?
The following major figures are crucial for collecting data in a laboratory: For everyone who looks at the data, significant figures show the accuracy of the measured value.
A significant figure, sometimes known as a significant digit, is a crucial part of mathematical and scientific computations that deals with the precision and correctness of numbers. Significant statistics become essential at this point since the ultimate outcome should be approximated with some degree of uncertainty.
Never forget to take a note of non-zero numbers.
The number of zeros between two significant numbers varies significantly.
The decimal part only has meaning if it has a leading or final zero.
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________ is an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli.
Sensory adaptation is an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli.
Sensory adaptation is a process by which the sensitivity of a sensory system changes over time in response to a constant or repeated stimulus, leading to a reduced sensitivity to that stimulus.
This allows our sensory systems to filter out irrelevant information and focus on detecting changes in the environment that are more important for survival.
Sensory adaptation is a fundamental process that occurs in all of our sensory systems. It is an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli.
This process is essential for our ability to detect changes in the environment and filter out irrelevant information. Sensory adaptation is a form of neural plasticity, where the sensory system undergoes changes in response to the stimulus over time.
The process of sensory adaptation involves changes in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
At the peripheral level, the sensory receptor cells that respond to a particular stimulus become less responsive as the stimulus is presented repeatedly. At the central level, the neurons that process the sensory information also become less responsive. This results in a reduction in the intensity of the sensory experience, which is known as sensory adaptation.
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Neutrophils remove invading microorganisms through a process called:________
Phagocytosis is the removal of invasive bacteria by neutrophils.
Neutrophils' capacity to absorb and then eliminate invasive germs is crucial for the preservation of host health. Pathogens are eliminated by neutrophils through a process called phagocytosis. After identifying infections, they phagocytose and intracellularly degrade invaders, release granules, and create neutrophil extracellular traps to collect and eliminate them. Neutrophils have a role in inflammation by acting as mediators. Neutrophils are among the first immune cells to react when bacteria or viruses enter the body. When they arrive at the infection site, they consume the germs and release enzymes that kill them.
The process of phagocytosis may be broken down into four primary stages: identification of the target particle, signalling to start the internalisation apparatus, creation of the phagosome, and maturation of the phagolysosome. The neutrophils' ability to kill microbes relies heavily on phagocytosis. Pathogens are initially absorbed into the phagosome, a plasma membrane-derived vacuole that goes on to develop degradative capabilities through a complicated process known as maturation.
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The above question is incomplete. Check complete question below -
Neutrophils remove invading microorganisms through a process called:____
A. Phagocytosis
B. Endocytosis
C. Diffusion
D. Plasmolysis
white blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are group of answer choices monocytes. basophils. eosinophils. neutrophils. lymphocytes.
The white blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are basophils. Option B is correct.
Basophils are a type of white blood cell that are involved in the immune response to allergies and parasitic infections. They are a type of granulocyte, which means they have granules in their cytoplasm that contain chemicals involved in the immune response.
Basophils release histamine and other chemical mediators in response to an allergen or parasite, which can cause symptoms such as itching, redness, and swelling. They also play a role in recruiting other immune cells to the site of an injury or infection.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are group of answer choices A) monocytes. B) basophils. C) eosinophils. D) neutrophils. E) lymphocytes."--
in cellular respiration; which molecules are broken down to form oxygen and carbon dioxide?
In cellular respiration, oxygen is not broken down to form carbon dioxide and water.
What is cellular respiration?Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert nutrients into usable energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). It involves a series of metabolic reactions that occur within the mitochondria of cells. The process can be divided into three stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate, which then enters the citric acid cycle. In the citric acid cycle, pyruvate is further broken down, and carbon dioxide is produced. Finally, oxidative phosphorylation uses electron transport chains to generate ATP. Cellular respiration is essential for the survival and functioning of all living organisms.
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Are the alleles on a recombinant chromatid the same as the original chromatid?
No. A change in a section of the chromosomes could influence the information in that chromatid since each gene can have various alleles here on genetic material in the homologous pair.
Since sister chromatids are descended from a single initial chromosome, they are essentially identical (carrying a same alleles, also known as variations or versions of genes).
The genes on identical chromosomes are ordered in the very same order, but their DNA sequences are somewhat different. Alleles are distinct variants of the same gene; they are frequently found on homologous chromosomes. Since sister chromatids are descended from a single initial chromosome, they are essentially identical (carrying a same alleles, also known as variations or versions of genes).They may be the same, yet they also frequently have minute distinctions. Alleles consequently comprise all the different gene variants.
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if a scientist viewed a cell while it was said to be at resting membrane potential, which best describes what the scientist would observe?
A neuron's quiescent membrane potential is approximately -70 mV (mV is millivolts); therefore, the interior of the neuron is 70 mV negative of the exterior.
At stillness, the potassium ions inside the neuron are more numerous than the sodium ions outside. The voltage differential between the two sides of the membrane is referred to as the resting membrane potential when the neuron is at rest and not producing any action potentials on its membrane. The quiescent membrane potential for the majority of neuron cells is about -70 millivolts. The resting membrane potential, also known as the resting potential, is a voltage across the membrane of a dormant (non-signaling) cell. Across the membrane, ion concentration gradients control the resting potential.
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What color should a capsule appear after the capsule stain has been completed?
In Anthony's capsule stain, copper sulfate functions as the mordant, and crystal violet is employed as the primary stain, reacting with the protein material in the culture broth or introduced during the staining.
The literature describes a number of staining procedures for revealing capsules. Here, the capsule stain of Anthony and the capsule stain of Maneval are described.
There are no more unfavorable stains. When the staining process is complete, the crystal violet will have stained the bacterial cells and the backdrop, while leaving the capsule uncolored and appearing white.
In Maneval's capsule staining procedure, acid fuchsin serves as the fundamental stain that binds with the bacterial cell. Maneval's solution contains acid fuchsin in its composition. Congo red is used to give the counterstaining. The bacterial cells are first added to a drop of Congo red solution on a slide as part of Maneval's capsule staining process.
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explain the windmill controversy from snowball’s point of view.
A significant dispute in George Orwell's "Animal Farm" is the debate over windmills.
In the narrative, Snowball is one of the animal revolution's leaders and a supporter of constructing a windmill to produce electricity and improve the daily lives of the animals.
Snowball’s point of view.Snowball thinks the windmill will assist boost output and improve conditions for the farm's animals.Napoleon, who competes with Snowball, dislikes the windmill and starts a crusade against it. He contends that the resources could be better utilized for other things because constructing the windmill will be too costly and time-consuming.In addition, Snowball is expelled from the farm after Napoleon accuses him of being a traitor and a spy.From Snowball's perspective, the windmill stands for development and an improvement in the lives of the animals. He is dedicated to enhancing the farm, and he sees the windmill as a means of doing so. He is dissatisfied by Napoleon's opposition to the idea despite his willingness to work hard and make sacrifices to build the windmill.learn more about windmill controversy here
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A DNA molecule with 24%24% guanine would have how much adenine?
In DNA, the percentages of guanine (G) and cytosine (C) bases are always equal, and similarly, the percentages of adenine (A) and thymine (T) bases are also always equal. This is due to the complementary base pairing rules in DNA, where G always pairs with C, and A always pairs with T.
Therefore, if a DNA molecule has 24% guanine (G), it must also have 24% cytosine (C), making the total percentage of guanine and cytosine 48% (24% + 24%). Since the percentages of A and T bases are also always equal, the total percentage of adenine and thymine must also be 48%. Therefore, the percentage of adenine (A) in the DNA molecule is also 24% (48% / 2). To calculate the actual number of adenine bases in the DNA molecule, we would need to know the total number of bases in the molecule. We can use the percentage values to estimate the relative proportions of the different bases, but the actual numbers will depend on the size of the DNA molecule.
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biological membranes are said to be selectively permeable (or semi-permeable). what does this term mean, and how does this affect the way that molecules are able to move through cellular membranes?
Selective permeability is a property of biological membranes that only allows certain molecules to enter or exit the cell. This is required so that changes in the environment won't disrupt the cell's internal order.
A biological membrane, also known as a biomembrane or cell membrane, is a selectively permeable membrane that separates a cell's interior from its environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a wall between various cell regions. Eukaryotic cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer that contains embedding, integral, and peripheral proteins that are used for communication as well as chemical and ion transport.
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which of the following best explains how some cells of an individual produce and secrete a specific enzyme, but other cells of the same individual do not? responses the cells contain different genes and therefore do not make the same proteins. the cells contain different genes and therefore do not make the same proteins. the cells have evolved under different selective pressures, resulting in some cells making proteins that others cannot. the cells have evolved under different selective pressures, resulting in some cells making proteins that others cannot. the cells transcribe and translate different combinations of genes, leading to the production of different sets of proteins. the cells transcribe and translate different combinations of genes, leading to the production of different sets of proteins. the cells produce different types of ribosomes that enable the translation of different genes.
Different gene combinations are translated and transcribed by the cells, resulting in the synthesis of various protein sets.
Proteins are created by genes, and proteins control how cells function. Therefore, a cell's capabilities are determined by the hundreds of genes that are expressed in that cell. Additionally, the cell can potentially regulate each stage of the informational chain from DNA to RNA to protein by altering the quantity and kind of proteins it produces. This allows the cell to self-regulate its operations. A protein's concentration in a cell at any one time reflects the equilibrium between its metabolic pathways for synthesis and degradation. Recall that protein creation begins with transcription (DNA to RNA) and continues with translation on the synthetic side of this balance (RNA to protein).
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HELP ME PLEASEEE!!! I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!
The supply of oxygen is definitely missing in the synthesis of lactic acid from pyruvic acid. So, this is an example of anaerobic respiration. This type of fermentation takes place in the skeletal muscles.
What is Lactic acid fermentation?Lactic acid fermentation may be characterized as a type of anaerobic respiration (or fermentation) that breaks down sugars to produce energy in the form of ATP. It is called anaerobic because it occurs in the absence of oxygen. Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase when oxygen is inadequate.
If you are a weightlifter, then a type of respiration you will perform is known as aerobic respiration. This is because, during exercise, the cells of your body require a sufficient amount of oxygen in order to perform the function normally. Mostly skeletal muscles are used in this process.
Therefore, the facts of both questions are well described above.
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