The Instrument of Corti, an inner ear component that aids in hearing, is housed in the cochlea.
The auditory receptor cells, called hair cells, lie embedded within the basilar membrane. This membrane divides the spiraled cochlea into upper and lower chambers. Movement of the fluid within the cochlea causes stimulation of the hair cells.The Instrument of Corti, an inner ear component that aids in hearing, is housed in the cochlea. The cochlea consists of a coiled labyrinth, like a snail, which is about 10 mm across and has about 2.5 turns in humans, embedded in the temporal bone of the skull. Inside the inner ear there is an organ called Organ of Corti located in a fluid environment that host the auditory receptor cells. These auditory receptor cells can be outer hair cells or inner hair cells.
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explain kepler's laws of ellipse
Answer:Kepler's three laws describe how planetary bodies orbit the Sun. They describe how (1) planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun as a focus, (2) a planet covers the same area of space in the same amount of time no matter where it is in its orbit, and (3) a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit (its semi-major axis).
Explanation:??
Which factor of insect success results in the need for limited resources?a) Reproductive Potentialb) Small Sizec) Flightd) Metamorphosis
Insect success is determined by (c) flight, which necessitates the use of scarce resources.
Factors A member of the phylum Arthropoda, insects are small invertebrate animals. Coupled appendages and a chitinous exoskeleton help identify the insects. Their bodies are divided into segments. Ants, bees, moths, and other examples are provided.An organism's ability to fly is referred to as flight in this context. Wings are a feature of such an organism that allow for flight. Because it helps insects colonize distant habitats and protects them from predators, flight is important to an insect's ability to succeed. Finding mates and food are two more benefits.For more information on insects kindly visit to
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Today, we know these "factors" are alleles. An allele is an alternative form of a gene that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. We usually have two alleles for a trait, one inherited from each parent. We can rework Mendel’s original crosses with the notation for the alleles for seed color. This notation is called the genotype. When the pair of alleles is identical, they are called homozygous. When the pair is different, they are called heterozygous. Capital letters represent dominant traits; lower case letters represent recessive traits. Dominant traits can mask recessive traits. The colors yellow and green are called the phenotype.
How would we describe the genotype of the green seeds?
By the following ways genotype of the green seeds are determined
If green seeds are recessive and yellow seeds are dominant, then the genotype of green seeds would be "rr".
The lowercase "r" represents the recessive allele for green color, and since both alleles in a homozygous genotype are the same, we use two lowercase "r" letters to indicate that the individual has two copies of the recessive allele.
In contrast, the genotype for yellow seeds would be either "YY" (homozygous dominant) or "Yy" (heterozygous dominant), where the uppercase "Y" represents the dominant allele for yellow color.
It's important to note that the phenotype (observable trait) is determined by the combination of alleles, with dominant alleles always expressed over recessive alleles
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Mrs. Smith's class designed and performed an experiment to test the effects of UV-B radiation on salamander egg hatching success. They placed salamander eggs in the Sun underneath either a UV-B blocking or UV-B transmitting filter. They then determined the number of eggs that hatched in each treatment. The results of their experiment are shown in the graph.
What was the effect of UV-B blocking on hatching success?
A.
There was no effect on hatching success when UV-B was blocked.
B.
Hatching success decreased when UV-B was blocked.
C.
Hatching success increased when UV-B was blocked.
D.
Hatching success increased when UV-B was transmitted.
the blank 1 gland is considered the master gland of the endocrine system.
The pituitary gland is regarded as the endocrine system's master gland.
The gland is a pea-sized organ near the base of the brain. It creates hormones that control a variety of bodily processes, including the endocrine glands' ability to make other hormones.
It releases hormones that control mood, sexual function, reproduction, tissue growth, and metabolism.
The pituitary gland serves as the endocrine system's control centre by releasing hormones that tell other endocrine glands to start producing their own hormones.
The thyroid, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes are just a few of the bodily organs that can be impacted by the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.
Assuring that all of the body's hormones are in balance and operating together, it is a crucial component of the homeostatic system.
If the pituitary gland is not working properly, it can lead to hormonal imbalances throughout the body, resulting in a range of health issues.
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What are two measurable plant traits that could affect influence relative fitness? Explain them!
There are many plant traits that can influence relative fitness, or the ability of an individual plant to survive and reproduce compared to others in its population.
Here are two measurable plant traits that could affect relative fitness:
Leaf area: The leaf area of a plant is the total surface area of all its leaves. This trait can influence the amount of sunlight that a plant is able to capture and the amount of water that it is able to transpire. In general, larger leaf area can lead to higher photosynthetic rates and faster growth, but it can also lead to higher water loss through transpiration. Therefore, the relative fitness of a plant with respect to leaf area will depend on the environmental conditions in which it is growing.Seed size: The size of a plant's seeds can influence its ability to survive and reproduce. Larger seeds tend to have more stored resources and are able to produce larger seedlings that may have a competitive advantage over smaller seedlings. However, producing larger seeds may also require more resources from the parent plant and may limit the number of seeds that it is able to produce. Therefore, the relative fitness of a plant with respect to seed size will depend on the trade-off between seed size and seed number, as well as the environmental conditions in which it is growing.In summary, leaf area and seed size are two measurable plant traits that can influence relative fitness, and both traits are subject to trade-offs that can depend on environmental conditions. Other traits that can influence relative fitness include traits related to photosynthesis, water use, nutrient uptake, and resistance to herbivores or pathogens, among others.
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Went's experiment differed from all previous plant tropism experiments byA. determining the chemical properties and structure of a hormone that influences plant growth.B. demonstrating that plants respond to indirect light by growing toward the light.C. isolating a plant hormone from one plant and using it to change growth patterns in a different plant.D. showing that the coleoptile portion of a plant is essential in responding to light signals.
In contrast to all prior studies on plant tropism, Went's experiment involved extracting a plant hormone through one plant & using it to alter the growth patterns of an entirely different species.
Ingrid Warmolt The 1928 experiment by Dutch researcher Went proved auxin's presence in plants. His focus gradually switched to the effects of the environment on plant growth. He was first researcher at Caltech to investigate the role of hormones on plant growth and development. Went was able to capable of stimulating growth in beheaded shoots by applying the auxin-containing agar to the cut ends of the shoots. Auxin molecules distributed into the agar. The experiment conducted by Went was the second time a hormone had been extracted from a plant.
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True/False? sand found in commercial sand and gravel deposits is typically composed of silicate minerals.
True. The majority of the minerals found on Earth's surface are silicates, by far. The silica tetrahedron serves as the fundamental building unit for all silicate minerals.
Four oxygen (O) atoms and one silicon (Si) atom make up this four-sided molecule. A single silicon cation with the charge Si4+ is covalently connected to two oxygen atoms, which are anions with a minus-2 charge (O2-). An equilateral triangle is formed on each face of the silica tetrahedron. As you will see below, the silica tetrahedra's bonds to one another and to other elements are used to categorise various types of silicate minerals. Si and O make up 75% of the Earth's crust due to the abundance of silicate minerals and the silica tetrahedra that serve as their structural foundation.
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differential gene expression is the result of different cells having different . select one: a. regulatory sequences b. genes c. regulatory proteins
Differential gene expression is the result of different cells having different regulatory sequences. Option A is correct.
Differential gene expression refers to the phenomenon where different cells within an organism express different genes, leading to the development of specialized cells and tissues. This differential expression is the result of different cells having different regulatory sequences, which are non-coding DNA sequences that control the expression of genes.
Regulatory sequences include enhancers, silencers, and promoters, among others. These sequences interact with regulatory proteins to control the expression of genes in a cell-specific manner. By binding to specific DNA sequences, regulatory proteins can activate or repress the transcription of genes, leading to differences in gene expression between cells.
Therefore, it is the presence or absence of specific regulatory sequences that ultimately determines which genes are expressed in a given cell, leading to differential gene expression between cells.
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How do you calculate left atrial pressure?
This measurement should be obtained by deducting the maximum systolic gradient between the left atrium and left ventricle (LV) from central systole blood pressure (BP).
How is left atrial pressure measured?By determining the systolic pressure differential between the left atrium and the left atrium using the maximal MR velocity, the left atrial systolic pressure may be calculated. The LV peak pressure can be taken for granted to be the blood pressure in individuals without substantial LVOT with Aortic valve blockage.
We gauge left atrial pressure for what reasons?Monitoring of the left atrial pressure (LAP) is done to get hemodynamic understanding of the left-sided cardiac structures. When there is worry about left atrial hypertension, LV preload, or LV function (systolic and diastolic), LAP may be useful .
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if the pores in the selectively permeable membrane became larger, but still not large enough to let the sugar pass through, what would happen during osmosis in the u-shaped tube compared to what is shown in the figure?
Since the sugar cannot pass through the membrane, the concentration of sugar on either side of the membrane would remain the same, and the water would continue to move from the side with lower solute concentration to the side with higher solute concentration, until equilibrium is reached this would happen during osmosis in the u-shaped tube compared to what is shown in the figure.
If the pores in the selectively permeable membrane became larger, but still not large enough to let the sugar pass through, it is likely that the rate of osmosis would increase compared to what is shown in the figure. This is because larger pores would allow for more water molecules to pass.
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what were the indicators used for each of the tests for macromolecules? (sugar, protein, fat, starch)
Indicators used for each of the tests for macromolecules are benedict's Solution for sugar test , IAAO is used as indicator for protiens .
The Benedict's Solution provides a test for the presence of simple sugars. If sugar is present, the Benedict's Solution will turn color (shades of yellow, orange, brown).
We can use indicator solutions to test for the presence of our macromolecules of life! An indicator solution is a good test for starch if it changes color in the presence of starch, but does not show the same color change in the presence of other molecules such as proteins, lipids or sugars.
Biuret solution is used to identify the presence of protein. Biuret reagent is a blue solution that, when it reacts with protein, will change color to pink-purple.
The indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method is a novel method for determining protein requirements.
Iodine numbers are often used to determine the degree of unsaturation in fats, oils and waxes.
Starch is often used in chemistry as an indicator for redox titrations where triiodide is present. Starch forms a very dark blue-black complex with triiodide.
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what is the ames test? a test to determine the rate of mutation a test to find the cause of mutation a test to screen for mutagenic chemicals a test to determine the phenotype of a mutation a test to determine how to reverse dna mutations
Option B, The Ames test is a test to screen for mutagenic chemicals. It is a test to screen for mutagenic chemicals.
The Ames test is a widely used method to evaluate the mutagenic potential of chemicals, drugs, or environmental agents. It is based on the ability of a substance to induce mutations in bacteria that have lost their ability to synthesize histidine, an essential amino acid. In the test, a suspected mutagenic chemicals substance is added to a culture of the histidine-deficient bacteria, along with a liver extract that simulates the metabolic activation that occurs in mammals. If the substance is mutagenic chemicals, it will cause a genetic reversion in the bacteria, allowing them to grow on a medium lacking histidine, and thus leading to the formation of colonies. The number of colonies formed is an indicator of the mutagenicity of the substance. The Ames test is a simple, inexpensive, and reliable method to assess the potential of chemicals to cause mutations and is used in the safety testing of new drugs, food additives, and industrial chemicals.
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The complete Question is:
What is the Ames test?
A. a test to determine how to reverse DNA mutations
B. a test to screen for mutagenic chemicals
C. a test to determine the phenotype of a mutation
D. a test to determine the rate of mutation
E. a test to find the cause of mutation
Which of the following is a potential cause of edema?
Edema, the medical term for this swelling, is brought on by an excess of fluid in the organs. A vein that is not working properly or venous insufficiency, also known as heart failure, are commonly to fault.
Is edema a significant issue?If you develop edema or swollen in your body, it's crucial to visit your doctor. Edema can cause your skin to expand, and if it is not treated, the swelling may get worse and represent a serious threat to your health. Edema can be a temporary or permanent condition, depending on the origin.
Does edema imply cardiac failure in all cases?Edema can be brought on by different illnesses in addition to being a prevalent sign of heart failure. Due to the body's cardiovascular system not functioning as well as it should in heart failure, fluid accumulates.
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(d) Based on the data in Table 1 and the biomass of the very large animals eaten by the lions, predict the likely effect on both the lions and leopards if the availability of the very large animals becomes limiting in the reserve. After analyzing the data, the scientists claim that the leopards and lions coexist in the reserve through the use of niche partitioning. Use evidence from the data provided to support the scientists’ claim
According to the response, 38% of the lions' prey species make up 63% of the biomass they devour, thus if the supply of really large animals becomes limited, the leopards and lions will begin to compete over prey (and this will be especially true of the medium-sized prey).
The answer suggests that, for most part, leopards and lions depend on prey species of various sizes and hence do not compete with one another for food. According to the response, 38% of the lions' prey species make up 63% of the biomass they devour. (The population figures indicate that their populations have stayed comparatively stable over time, indicating that they will be not directly competing with one another.) All the populations of all the various species that coexist in a specific location make up an ecological community.
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the substances that participate in a reaction are called , whereas the substances that form as a result of a reaction are known as
The substances that participate in a reaction are called reactants, whereas the substance that forms as a result of a reaction is called a product.
Reactants are the starting materials that are involved in a chemical reaction, which undergo a transformation to form new substances. The reactants are typically shown on the left side of a chemical equation, with an arrow pointing to the right side, where the products are shown.
Products, on the other hand, are the new substances that are formed as a result of the chemical reaction. They are typically shown on the right side of a chemical equation, with an arrow pointing from the reactants on the left side.
Chemical reactions involve the breaking and formation of chemical bonds, which result in the rearrangement of atoms to form new substances with different chemical and physical properties than the reactants. The law of conservation of mass dictates that the total mass of the reactants must be equal to the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction.
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Full Question ;
The substances that participate in a reaction are called___, whereas that substance that form as a result of a reaction is called ____
what is the difference between neurons and glia? what parts of the nervous system compose the cns? what parts compose the pns?
Glial (Neuroglial) cells maintain, feed, and shield the neurons but do not carry nerve impulses. Glial cells are substantially more numerous and capable of going through mitosis than neurons.
What neurological components make up the CNS?The nervous system is made up up of the spinal cord and the brain. All of the body's components are connected by nerves that emerge from the spinal cord and make up the peripheral nervous system.
What elements comprise the PNS?The somatic nervous system refers to the portions of the nervous that are just not found in the spinal cord or the brain. Included are the spinal nerve, their roots, and branches, as well as the neuromuscular connections and peripheral nerves.
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______ is a type of lipid that is found only in foods of animal origin.
Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is found only in foods of animal origin.
The type of lipid that is found only in foods of animal origin is cholesterol. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is essential for the normal functioning of the human body. It is an important component of cell membranes and is involved in the synthesis of hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids.
While cholesterol is an essential component of the human body, too much cholesterol can be harmful to health. High levels of cholesterol in the blood can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health problems. For this reason, it is recommended to limit the consumption of foods that are high in cholesterol, such as red meat, dairy products, and eggs.
In addition to being present in animal-based foods, cholesterol can also be produced by the liver. The liver produces cholesterol to meet the body's needs, and this production is regulated by a number of factors, including dietary intake of cholesterol and the body's hormonal balance.
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vitamin k serves as a cofactor in chemical reactions that add carbon dioxide molecules to various proteins, thus enabling these proteins to bind to . multiple choice question. oxygen vitamin e calcium hemoglobin
vitamin k serves as a cofactor in chemical reactions that add carbon dioxide molecules to various proteins, thus enabling these proteins to bind to "hemoglobin."
Vitamin K is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in blood clotting. It serves as a cofactor in the chemical reactions that add carbon dioxide molecules to certain amino acids in blood-clotting proteins, which allows these proteins to bind calcium ions and form a stable blood clot. This process is known as "post-translational modification," as it occurs after the protein has been synthesized.
One of the proteins that requires vitamin K-dependent post-translational modification is prothrombin, which is converted into thrombin during the clotting process. Thrombin, in turn, converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which forms the structural framework of a blood clot.
Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. It does not require vitamin K-dependent post-translational modification to function.
Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cell membranes from damage caused by free radicals. Calcium is a mineral that is important for bone health, muscle contraction, and nerve function.
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3. If fluorine has a half-life of 8 days, how much of a 4g sample remains after 16 days?
1
2
0
3
What's good my brother,
The amount of fluorine remaining after 16 days can be calculated by using the formula:
N = N0 * (1/2)^(t/T)
where N is the amount remaining, N0 is the initial amount, t is the time elapsed (16 days), T is the half-life (8 days), and the exponent (t/T) represents the number of half-lives that have occurred.
Plugging in the values, we have:
N = 4 g * (1/2)^(16/8)
N = 4 g * (1/2)^2
N = 4 g * 1/4
N = 1 g
So, after 16 days, 1 gram of the 4-gram sample of fluorine remains.
Thanks bro and give 5 stars.
What is exponential growth in environmental science?
Exponential growth in environmental science refers to a pattern of population growth in which a population increases at a constant rate, producing a J-shaped curve on a graph.
This type of growth occurs when there are no limiting factors, such as resource availability or predation, to slow down the rate of population increase. In other words, each individual in the population has access to abundant resources and is able to reproduce at the maximum rate possible, leading to a rapid increase in the population size over time.
Exponential growth can be observed in many natural populations, including bacteria, algae, and some insect populations. However, in the long term, exponential growth is unsustainable because it will eventually exceed the carrying capacity of the environment, which is the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by the available resources.
When the population reaches the carrying capacity, its growth rate will slow down and eventually stabilize, producing an S-shaped curve on a graph. This type of growth is known as logistic growth.
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how does protein synthesis differ in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Protein synthesis differs across prokaryotes and eukaryotes due to differences in the initiation process and translation techniques used by the organisms.
Protein production follows a similar pattern in all living cells. There are, nevertheless, substantial distinctions between bacteria and eukaryotes. It is worth noting that eukaryotic cells comprise mitochondria and chloroplasts, each of which have their own DNA and ribosomes.
These organelles' ribosomes function similarly to bacteria's and will be discussed individually later. Nuclear genes are typically translated by cytoplasmic ribosomes in eukaryotic protein synthesis.
Several features of eukaryotic protein production are more difficult to understand. Eukaryotic ribosomes are bigger and contain more rRNA and protein molecules than prokaryotic ribosomes. Eukaryotes also have additional initiation components and a more complicated initiation method.
The rate of protein synthesis is influenced by the rate of transcription of certain genes, the number and status of ribosome aggregation, and the rate of peptide synthesis beginning.
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why do you think it's only considered a frameshift mutation if it's a non-multiple of 3 nucleotide bases?
A frameshift mutation results in new codons downstream of the mutation that will code for various amino acids, altering the characteristics of the translated proteins.
The process of a sudden, heritable alteration in an organism's genome is known as mutation. Point mutations and frameshift mutations are the two primary forms of mutation. The single base pair only undergoing a change at a single place is referred to as a point mutation. Due to the deletion's alteration of the gene's reading frame sequence, it is also referred to as a frameshift mutation. These changes could be advantageous or detrimental to the organisms. During the loss of one of two nucleotides, a frameshift mutation takes place. A frameshift mutation is one that unquestionably alters the order of codons downstream of the mutation. A replacement mutation, on the other hand, only affects one codon's single nucleotide.
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Compare and contrast stomata with the pores found in liverworts.
Stomata and pores in liverworts serve a similar function in allowing for gas exchange, they differ in their location, structure, and regulation.
Stomata and pores found in liverworts are both structures that allow for gas exchange in plants. However, there are some differences between these two structures:
Location: Stomata are found on the leaves and stems of vascular plants, while pores in liverworts are found on the thallus (leaf-like structure) of the plant.
Structure: Stomata are composed of two specialized cells, the guard cells, which regulate the opening and closing of the stomatal pore. In contrast, the pores in liverworts lack specialized cells and are simply openings in the thallus.
Function: Stomata primarily allow for gas exchange, with the opening and closing of the guard cells controlling the influx and efflux of gases such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor. In liverworts, the pores serve a similar function, but they also allow for the diffusion of water and nutrients.
Regulation: Stomatal openings are regulated by a complex signaling system involving changes in turgor pressure in the guard cells, as well as environmental factors such as light and humidity. In liverworts, the opening and closing of the pores is less well understood, but it is thought to be influenced by similar environmental factors.
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Classify each description as applying to either heterochromatin or euchromatin
-highly compressed form of chromatin
-the form chromatin takes most often when transcription is not occurring
-the expanded form of chromatin
-the form chromatin takes most often during transcription
Highly compressed form of chromatin: Heterochromatin
The form chromatin takes most often when transcription is not occurring: Heterochromatin
The expanded form of chromatin: Euchromatin
The form chromatin takes most often during transcription: Euchromatin
Heterochromatin refers to the highly compacted, tightly condensed form of chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive. It contains highly condensed nucleosomes that are tightly packed together, making it inaccessible to the transcriptional machinery. Heterochromatin is typically found in regions of the genome that are not actively transcribed, such as centromeres and telomeres.
Euchromatin, on the other hand, is a less condensed and more relaxed form of chromatin that is transcriptionally active. It is composed of loosely packed nucleosomes that are more accessible to the transcriptional machinery. Euchromatin is typically found in regions of the genome that are actively transcribed, such as genes and regulatory elements.
Thus, when transcription is not occurring, chromatin adopts the highly compressed form of heterochromatin, while during transcription, it takes on the more expanded form of euchromatin.
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the primary consequence of hypercarotenemia is multiple choice question. yellowing of the skin. softening of the bones. poor muscular coordination. night blindness.
The primary consequence of hypercarotenemia is yellowing of the skin.
What is hypercarotenemia?Hypercarotenemia is a condition where there is an excess of carotenoids, which are plant pigments that give fruits and vegetables their yellow, orange, and red color, in the body. This excess can lead to yellowing of the skin, especially in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Carotenoids build up in the stratum corneum of the epidermis and plasma carotenoid levels rise in hypercarotenemia, which causes the skin to appear yellowish.
However, hypercarotenemia is usually not harmful and is generally a cosmetic issue. In severe cases, it can lead to other symptoms, but those are not the primary consequence.
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A gardener removes the terminal buds on a group of chrysanthemums but leaves all axillary buds intact. How is this likely to affect the plants?
A. They will die.
B. Their growth will accelerate.
C. Their growth will slow down.
D. They will become shorter and bushier.
E. There will be little effect, because meristems are still present.
A gardener removes the terminal buds on a group of chrysanthemums but leaves all axillary buds intact. Then they will become shorter and bushier. So option (D) is correct.
A terminal bud is a bud located at the apex of the stem where most of the plant growth occurs. Therefore it is also known as apical or apex bud.
A terminal bud allows the elongation of the cells which leads to the growth of the plant. The terminal bud appears at the end of the main shoot of the plant only.
Axillary bud is the bud which is located in the axis between a leaf and a stem and may form lateral branches, leaves, or flowers.
Terminal buds grow at the top or apex of the stem and on the other hand, axillary buds grow laterally in context to the stem.
So if we cut the terminal bud, the plant will not be able to grow taller as the terminal bud is responsible for the growth of the plant and as a result will become shorter and because the axial bud is still intact which will give rise to the lateral branches therefore the plant will become bushier.
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which lipoprotein is theorized to transport cholesterol from the periphery to the liver for excretion (reverse cholesterol transport)?
According to theory, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) moves cholesterol from periphery to the liver for elimination (reverse cholesterol transport).
Can you survive without a liver ?If your liver is no longer working properly, you might need a liver transplant. If your liver disease has reached its latter stages, a lung transplant may be advised (chronic liver failure). This serious and perhaps fatal liver disease is present.
Have we got two livers?One liver exists in the human body. The liver seems to be the second-biggest organ of the body after the dermis, which is really the largest organ. The liver is comparable to a football in size. The rib cage shields the liver, which is situated just on upper, right side of the body.
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Complete the phrase below. Each member must contribute one complete sentence. The words prokaryotic and eukaryotic must be used:
Answer: for bacteria and fungi, protozoan, plantae and animalia.
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells have-:
genetic material on single chromosome,do not have nuclear membrane,single cell have simple structure,golgi bodies, chloroplast, and lysosomes are not present.Eukaryotic cells have-:
nuclear membrane present,mitochondria is present,cell divide by mitosis,cell wall is present.if you have blood type a what blood antigens do you lack?
If you have blood type a than it has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
Blood group A – has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma. blood group B – has B antigens with anti-A antibodies in the plasma. blood group O – has no antigens, but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
Antigens are a combination of sugars and proteins that coat the surface of a red blood cell. Depending on your combination, you will have: no antigens. A antigens.
The immune system forms antibodies against whichever ABO blood group antigens are not found on the individual's RBCs. Thus, a group A individual will have anti-B antibodies and a group B individual will have anti-A antibodies.
Type O negative blood is the only blood type with no antigens. Blood type A has an A antigen, while blood type B has a B antigen. Blood type AB has both A and B antigens. Blood type O has neither.
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