3 mol
If glycogen is the source of the glucose, the muscles produce 3 mol of ATP for every molecule of glucose.
To maintain the oxidation of glucose and the net output of 2 ATP per mol of glucose oxidized, NADH is converted to NAD+ via the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, which is mediated by lactate dehydrogenase (or 3 mol of ATP if the source is muscle glycogen).
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP,
When glycogen is broken down in the muscles, the following reaction takes place:
(Glucose)n + Pi (Glucose)n-1 + (Glucose)-1-phosphate
If glucose comes from glycogen, what is the net generation of ATP molecules per glucose molecule in the muscles?NADH is converted to NAD+ via the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, which is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, in order to maintain the oxidation of glucose and the net yield of 2 ATP per mol of glucose oxidized (or 3 mol of ATP if the source is muscle glycogen).
What is the glucose molecule's net ATP production?In aerobic respiration, one glucose molecule results in a net ATP gain of 38 ATP. It includes the ATP generated during the glycolysis process, link reaction, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport system from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2, which results in the production of 3 ATP and 2 ATP, respectively.
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Shiga toxin kills cells by preventing protein synthesis.
a. true
b. false
The water and carbon dioxide from the air combine to make
Answer:
In photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water from the atmosphere are converted into sugar(Glucose).
This is the process of photosynthesis
Aniline (c6h7n) has a pkb = 9. 4. what are the dominant species present in water if the ph is held constant at ph = 8?
c6h7N, H3O+ are the condition where dominant species present when water pH is 8. Thus, option B is correct.
What does pH value mean?pH is the negative logarithm value of H+ ion concentration otherwise known as the power of hydrogen.
The pH values range from 0 to 14 if the value is below 7 is acidic and above 7 is basic.
The value of pH 7 is considered as neutral like pure water.
The most common method for measurement of pH is by using pH meter where a pH-sensitive electrode and a reference electrode are used
Thus, option B is correct
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Your question was incomplete, probably the question was
Aniline (c6h7n) has a pkb = 9. 4. what are the dominant species present in water if the ph is held constant at ph = 8?
A. c6h8N+ , H3O+
B. c6h7N , H3O+
C. c6h7N , OH−
D. c6h8N+, OH−
Stimulation of what area causes contraction of muscles on the opposite side of the body?
Stimulation of Myofibrils present in the Muscle causes contraction.
A muscle contraction occurs when the Action Potential travels along the nerves thereby leading to contraction.
The action potential generated at the muscle occurs due to the release of Acetylcholine through the motor neuron. Calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle are released on detection of action potential leading to the further events of muscle contraction by shortening of the length of the sarcomeres running along the length of the myofibrils.
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Ostriches don’t use their wings for flight, but they do use them for other functions, such as mating rituals and balance. many ancestors of ostriches did fly. what can you conclude about ostrich behavior from this information?
Explain and briefly summarize the egg example that Czerski uses to explain the law of conservation of angular momentum. Then, come up with a forensics-based example that would explain this law or a forensic scenario where this law could come into play and be discussed.
The egg example that Czerski uses to explain the law of conservation of angular momentum is that according to the principle of conservation of angular momentum, anything that is spinning will keep spinning until it is stopped.
Similarly, in the example of an egg given by Czerski If you spin a raw egg and then try to stop it by placing your finger on the shell, the egg will continue to spin since the uncooked portion of it is still in motion.
The law of conservation of angular momentum states that an object's angular momentum won't change in the absence of any external tension.
Its angular momentum is conserved as long as there is no net external torque acting on the system.
In forensic science, reconstruction of crime scenes is a crucial application of physics because instances involving accidents, body falls from heights, weapon projectile motion, bullet or tool case analysis, glass penetration of quick stone.
And law of conservation of angular momentum plays a great role in the reconstruction of those crime scenes and also in the firearm identification.
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_________________ was the first to describe that traits inherited from parents and adaptations to environment shaped organisms.
Buffon was the first to describe traits inherited from parents and adaptations to environment-shaped organisms.
What was the idea proposed by Buffon?The fundamental tenet of contemporary evolutionary theory is that species evolve with time, according to Buffon. Comparative anatomy, a method he developed for comparing comparable features in various species, is still employed today to research evolution and is covered in the section on proof for evolution.
Despite the fact that Buffon's findings convinced him that species do indeed change through time, he was unable to suggest a mechanism for how this transition happened.
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You collect individuals from different allopatric populations of a leaf-eating beetle. In the laboratory, you conduct mate-choice experiments to assess levels of reproductive isolation among beetles from different populations. Assuming that ecological speciation occurred in the wild, which pattern should you expect?.
Less reproductive isolation among populations that share similar habitats
What is Reproductive Isolation?The reproductive isolation mechanisms are a set of evolutionary mechanisms, behavioral, and physiological processes that are essential for speciation.
They either prohibit individuals of other species from having children or guarantee that any children are infertile. When individuals or groups diverge in the time of various behaviors, such as foraging or mating, reproductive isolation can arise.
Toad species Bufo americanus and Bufo fowleri exhibit reproductive isolation due to changes in mating season. Members of these species can successfully cross in the lab, resulting in healthy, viable hybrids. Temporal isolation, ecological isolation, behavioral isolation, and mechanical isolation are the three modes.
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The lac operon of E. coli is ________ when the repressor is bound to ________. Group of answer choices active; tryptophan inactive; lactose active; lactose inactive; tryptophan
The lac operon of E. coli is active when the repressor is bound to lactose
Morphologically, the bacteria E. coli ( known as Escherichia coli ) is straight, rod shape (bacillus) bacterium.
Its colony is identified in two major forms, namely:
The smooth formThe rough formE. coli belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae, order Enterobacteriales, class Gammaproteobacteria and phylum Proteobacteria.
What are bacteria?These are simple prokaryotic and unicellular organisms which posses the following characteristics:
They reproduce as- e - xu -allyThey are microscopic organismsSome are parasites while some saprophytesSo therefore, The lac operon of E. coli is active when the repressor is bound to lactose
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Describes an accumulation of earwax that forms a solid mass by adhering to the walls of the external auditory canal.
An accumulation of earwax that forms a solid mass by adhering to the walls of the external auditory canal
Excess or compacted cerumen is the buildup of ear wax that causes a blockage in the ear canal and may result in hearing loss if it presses against the eardrum or obstructs the external auditory canal or hearing aids.
To maintain and defend itself, the ear produces earwax. It is produced by skin-covered glands that border the outer portion of your ear canals. These tubes contain wax and microscopic hairs that catch dust and other foreign objects that could harm deeper structures, like your eardrum.
However, if it accumulates, it can become an issue since it irritates your ears and impairs your ability to hear. Only the outside of the ears should be cleaned, and earwax should only be softened with drops or water.
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Plasma cells:________
a) all of these choices are correct.
b) function in cell-mediated immunity.
c) function in blood clotting.
d) are derived from t-lymphocytes.
e) produce and secrete antibodies
Plasma cells derived from differentiated B lymphocytes performs variety of functions. So the correct answer is a) all of these choices are correct.
Differentiated B-lymphocyte white blood cells(WBCs) called plasma cells are able to secrete immunoglobulin or antibodies. These cells, which are the primary cells in charge of humoral immunity, play a crucial part in the adaptive immune response.
An individual is considered to have agammaglobulinemia without them and is extremely vulnerable to repeated infection. Here, the clinical manifestations brought on by inappropriate plasma cell growth and development are examined, along with the haematological lineage, structure, and function of plasma cells. Plasma cells produce factors which are essential for blood clotting.
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Which one of these scenarios is most like social conditioned place preference?
Choices:
A person has a fantastic date on a Florida swamp tour and later develops an affinity for swimming in swamps.
The fulfillment that Charles finds in bodybuilding leads him to become an orthopaedic surgeon.
After having an excellent class in a red classroom, a student starts preferring to study in rooms with red wallpaper as opposed to blue.
Sally loves popcorn and winds up working in her city's biggest corn factory.
The fulfillment that Charles finds in bodybuilding leads him to become an orthopedic surgeon.
The initially neutral environmental signals become linked to the unconditioned stimulus's motivating qualities, which might cause behavior to either approach or avoid the environment. To increase the ability to make causal claims, control and treatment group are frequently used in practice.
Similar to Pavlovian conditioning, environmental signals are frequently combined with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response before conditioning (the unconditioned response). The neutral stimulus will eventually start to evoke reactions that resemble the unconditioned response with repetition and pairings. The unconditioned stimulus in conditioned location preference could be anything, such as food pellets, water, sweet liquid, novel toys, social engagement, drug intoxication, drug withdrawal, foot shock, illness, wheel running, copulation, or any number of other things.
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Why are amphibians known as the ""planet’s greatest survivors""? How have they evolved over time?
Amphibians are referred to as the "planet's greatest survivors" because they have repeatedly avoided extinction over the course of 400 million years.
How did the amphibians survive?
Over the years, the amphibians have had to adapt to various surroundings. Small animals called amphibians require water or a moist environment to exist. This group of species includes newts, salamanders, toads, and frogs. All have extremely thin skin that allows them to breathe and absorb water. Additionally, amphibians have unique skin glands that create functional proteins.
According to fossil evidence, amphibians descended from lobe-finned lungfish about 365 million years ago. They were very successful since they were the first terrestrial vertebrates. Some of them were considerably bigger than modern-day amphibians. The predominant group of land vertebrates for more than 100 million years was amphibians.
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For a biology project, you measure the weight in grams, and the tail length, in millimeters (mm), of a group of mice. the equation of the least-squares line for predicting tail length from weight is:________
The equation of the least-squares line for predicting tail length from weight is: predicted tail length = 20 + 3 × weight .
Determining how variation in morphology affects animal performance (and ultimately fitness) is key to understanding the complete process of evolutionary adaptation. Long tails have evolved many times in arboreal and semi-arboreal rodents; in deer mice, long tails have evolved repeatedly in populations occupying forested habitat even within a single species (Peromyscus maniculatus).
We use a combination of functional modeling, laboratory studies, and museum records to test hypotheses about the function of tail-length variation in deer mice.
First, we use computational models, informed by museum records documenting natural variation in tail length, to test whether differences in tail morphology between forest and prairie subspecies can influence performance in behavioural contexts relevant for tail use. We find that the deer- mouse tail plays little role in statically adjusting centre of mass or in correcting body pitch and yaw, but rather it can affect body roll during arboreal locomotion.
In this context, we find that even intraspecific tail-length variation could result in substantial differences in how much body rotation results from equivalent tail motions (i.e., tail effectiveness), but the relationship between commonly-used metrics of tail-length variation and effectiveness is non-linear.
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The _____ stage lasts approximately _____ week(s), beginning at conception.
a. fetal; 9
b. embryonic; 4
c. neonatal; 1
d. germinal; 2
The embryonic stage lasts approximately 4 week(s), beginning at conception. Details about stages of development can be found below.
What are the stages of development?The stages of development of a human is summarized into four stages as follows:
Embryonic stageGerminal stageFetal stageIn the embryonic stage of development, which occurs after conception, the baby is called an embryo. Embryonic stage lasts 4 weeks.
During the embryonic stage, the cells of the embryo (called embryonic stem cells) multiply and develop. They become the hundreds of different types of cells needed to make a whole human body.
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Translation begins at a ______ codon which is _____ and ecodes for the amino acid ________
Translation begins at an AUG codon and encodes for the amino acid
The translation is the process by which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum make proteins after the process of converting DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus, as defined by molecular biology and genetics.
A messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule's genetic code is deciphered during translation, which results in a precise order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Similar to transcription, it takes place in the cytoplasm after DNA transcription and has three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
The process by which information contained in messenger RNA (mRNA) guides the addition of amino acids during protein synthesis is known as translation in the context of genomics.
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HELP PLS!! (I NEED ANSWERS BY TOMORROW PLEASEEEE) Kerry was investigating how the angle of incidence of radiant energy on a surface affects the rate of temperature rise of the surface. A paper pocket holding a thermometer was placed near a lamp. The paper pocket was then placed at various angles so that the angle of incidence of the radiant energy varied. Kerry made sure the distance to the lamp was the same for each of his trials. The following table shows the data recorded by Kerry. Using the data, describe the relation between the angle of incidence and the rate of temperature change.
Answer:
Hey there!
Explanation:
This is ur answer....
Refer to the attached pics...Hope it helps!
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In which type of nondisjunction could the two copies of a chromosome in a gamete be heterozygous?.
Gametes with two heterozygous copies of a chromosome may result from nondisjunction in either meiotic division.
What three types of nondisjunction are there?Nondisjunction can take one of three different forms: failing to separate a homologous pair of chromosomes during meiosis I; failing to separate sister chromatids during meiosis II; or failing to separate sister chromatids during mitosis.
How can you tell whether nondisjunction takes place in meiosis 1 or 2?Nondisjunction, which can lead to an aberrant amount of chromosome-bearing gametes, can happen during meiosis I and meiosis II. The primary distinction between nondisjunction in meiosis 1 and 2 is that whereas sister chromatids fail to separate in meiosis II, homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis 1.What are mitotic and meiotic divisions?Mitosis and meiosis are the two distinct processes of cell division.When people talk about "cell division," they typically mean mitosis, which is the process of creating new cells for the body. The cell division process known as meiosis is what produces egg and sperm cells. A vital process for life is mitosis.learn more about Nondisjunction during meiosis here
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What is bone made of? List and give the percentages of the cellular and extracellular components of bone.
Economic growth provides society ______. multiple select question. greater material abundance fewer goods and services more goods and services higher living standards a lower quality of goods
Economic growth provides society more goods and services.
So, option third is correct one.
The economic growth increases state capacity and the supply of public growth. When economies grow , states can tax that revenue and gain the capacity and resources that needed to provide public goods and service that citizen needs like education , healthcare facilities , social protection and other basic public services which helps in development of the societies. It can also increases in capital goods , labor force , technology, and human capital can all contribute to economic growth.
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The _____ approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the brain.
The behavioural neuroscience approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the brain.
This field typically looks at the neurotransmissions in the brain and the psychological processes connected to biological activity. It is a more comprehensive, up-to-date version of physiological psychology and includes a variety of subjects, such as neuropsychology, learning and memory, motivation and emotion, and sensory processes, as well as the genetic and molecular biological underpinnings of behaviour.
By improving our knowledge of how to evaluate, comprehend, predict, enhance, and manage human behaviour, behavioural neuroscience research studies equip us with the means to handle a wide range of societal problems.
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What does it mean when we say that genetic factors influence what dose of a drug will be safest and most effective for you?
Genetic factors influence what dose of a drug will be safest and most effective for you It means different people frequently react differently to the same medication therapy.
The physiological processes that make up the drug disposal process are intricate and start happening as soon as the medication is administered. The medicine is carried up by the body and delivered to the locations that need it. There, it interacts with cellular elements like receptors and enzymes to undergo additional metabolization before being eliminated from the body.
Genetic diversity has the potential to change an individual's therapeutic response at any moment along this process and result in a negative medication reaction (ADR). According to estimates, genetic diversity accounts for 20 to 95 per cent of the variability in drug disposition, such as ADRs.
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What was the main goal of the human genome project (hgp)? see concept 21.1 (page)
The main goal of the human genome project(hgp) is to identify the nucleotide sequence of the whole human genome and map all of the human genes.
To identify the DNA sequence of the entire human genome, researchers from around the world collaborated on the Human Genome Project (hgp).
Sequencing the entire genome. Identification of the complete human genome are some other goals for human genome project.
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international, cooperative research initiative with the aim of completely mapping and comprehending every human gene. Our "genome" is the collective name for all of our genes.
The Human Genome Project located the entire human gene pool, sequenced them all, and identified some alleles, notably those that, in the event of a mutation, are capable of causing disease.
Genes may be mapped in relation to other genes or to the physical characteristics of the chromosome.
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During binary fission in a bacterial cell, a base pair is changed from adenine to cytosine. what has just occurred?
During binary fission in a bacterial cell, a base pair is changed from adenine to cytosine due to a random mutation.
Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction through which a bacteria divides and its body is separated into two new bodies.
If during binary fission in a bacterial cell, a base pair is changed from adenine to cytosine, it is because of a random mutation. A mutation is a genetic alteration or a change in the DNA sequence which results in the generation of a variant. Mutations in the DNA sequence which occur without any specific pattern is known as a random mutation.
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which of the following statements is true about Charles Darwin? A. He supported Lamarck’s theory of evolution. B. He believed evolution occurred in each individual organism. C. None of these. D. He understood natural variation occurs from mutations in DNA.
Answer:
He supported Lamarck’s theory of evolution.
Charles Darwin was a scientist who discovered the theory of evolution. He understood that variation occurs through mutations, the correct answer is option D.
Natural selection, which he explained, explains how species change over time. Darwin understood that variation within a population is essential for evolution to occur, despite not having knowledge of DNA or genetics.
In "On the Origin of Species," Darwin outlined how variation within species results from random variations in individual traits. Future generations may inherit and carry on these variations. Positive variations in a population may increase in frequency over time, resulting in the emergence of new species.
Despite not knowing about DNA mutations, Darwin's understanding of variation laid the groundwork for our current understanding of genetics and the role that mutations play in driving evolutionary change.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
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According to hobbes's leviathan, what is the only hope of humanity against its own depravity?
According to hobbes's leviathan, the only hope of humanity against its own depravity is that Humankind's only hope is to submit to a higher authority.
Hobbes maintained in Leviathan (1651) that the consent of the governed, who in a fictitious social compact promised to obey the sovereign in all affairs in exchange for a guarantee of peace and security, was ultimately what justified the sovereign's absolute power.
Hobbes argued that anarchy, in which the powerful rule the weak, is the fundamental state of humanity. Hobbes proposed that individuals or communities should "contract" with a protector as their sovereign in order to eliminate this fundamental anxiety. Individuals agree to forfeit all rights as part of this social compact, while the protector retains all rights.
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At the end of meiosis i, there are two haploid cells, each with two sister chromatids per chromosome. True or false?.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
True.
At the end of meiosis I, there are two haploid cells.
What is the process of meiosis I?
Meiosis I refers to the initial nuclear division that takes place when gametes are formed. Due to the fact that the resulting cells have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell, it is also referred to as the reduction division. Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I are the four phases that make up Meiosis I.
Prophase I:
The chromosomes condense during prophase I and become apparent inside the nucleus. Following this chromosomal condensation, each chromosome pair's members align adjacent to one another and are referred to as homologous chromosomes because of their identical size and gene content.
At this stage, a mechanism known as synaptic attachment occurs between the two chromosomes in each pair along their lengths. Then, while the homologous chromosomes are tightly coupled, the individuals within each pair cross over, also known as recombination, to exchange neighboring pieces of DNA. The nuclear membrane eventually starts to deteriorate after the conclusion of prophase I.
Metaphase I:
Microtubules leave the spindle at the beginning of metaphase I and join the kinetochore close to the centromere of each chromosome. In specifically, microtubules from one spindle side bind to one chromosome while those from the other spindle side adhere to the other chromosome in each homologous pair. The chromosomal pairs subsequently align themselves along the equator of the cell, forming the metaphase plate, with the assistance of these microtubules.
Anaphase I:
The homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I by the disintegration and contraction of the microtubules, which causes the two chromosomes in each pair to be drawn toward the opposite ends of the cell. Because of this division, each daughter cell that emerges from meiosis I will have half as many chromosomes following interphase as the original parent cell. Additionally, each chromosome's sister chromatid still has a connection.
Telophase I:
In telophase I, the cytoplasm organizes and separates into two as the new chromosomes approach the spindle. Now there are two cells, and each one has half as many chromosomes as its parent cell did. The recombination that took place during prophase I also caused the two daughter cells to not be genetically identical to one another.
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When a portion of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome this is called a:_______
Answer:
Translocation
Explanation:
One of the major problems associated with long-term, high-level nuclear waste storage is?
One of the major problems associated with long-term, high-level nuclear waste storage is selecting an environment that will remain stable for many years (e.g., 10,000 years or more).
What is nuclear waste?The expression 'nuclear waste' makes reference to the radioactive waste produced by nuclear power plants, which is highly toxic and may cause severe harm to the ecosystems and human populations.
Nuclear waste always must be kept in safety containers that will be stored for many thousand years until radioactivity decays.
In conclusion, one of the major problems associated with long-term, high-level nuclear waste storage is selecting an environment that will remain stable for many years (e.g., 10,000 years or more).
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In what direction, clockwise or counterclockwise, do the major circulation patterns rotate in the northern and southern hemispheres? why does each hemisphere have a different pattern?
The Coriolis effect makes storms swirl clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere. Because earth rotates on its axis circulating air is deflected towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere this effect called Coriolis effect.
Hurriances spin counterclockwise because the Coriolis effect. The equator rotates faster than other area of earth's surface and moving in a straight line on north to south axis will curve.
In southern hemisphere currents are deflected to the left. Storm system seem to rotate clockwise. This force is caused by the earth rotation and responsible for air being.
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