The pH of the solution that results from adding 25 mL of 0.33 M HCl to 25 mL of 0.58 M NH3 cannot be calculated precisely without knowing the exact concentration of the final solution.
When HCl and NH3 are mixed, they react to form a neutralization reaction, producing NH4+ and Cl- ions. The exact concentration of the final solution depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction, which in turn depends on the relative concentrations of the reactants and the product.
To determine the pH of the solution, it would be necessary to first calculate the concentration of the NH4+ ions produced in the reaction and then use the concentration to calculate the equilibrium concentration of NH3 and H+. The pH of the solution can then be determined using the definition of pH as -log[H+]. However, due to the complex nature of the reaction, it is not possible to calculate the exact pH of the solution without performing the reaction and measuring the concentration of the components.
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why kio4 is added for determination of manganese in steel
KIO4 is added for the determination of manganese in steel because it reacts with manganese (IV) oxide to form a highly colored complex that can be easily quantified.
KIO4 is added for the determination of manganese in steel because it reacts with manganese to form a complex that can be easily quantified. Manganese (IV) oxide is a common impurity in steel and its presence can affect the mechanical and physical properties of the steel.
In the presence of KIO4, manganese (IV) oxide is oxidized to manganese (VI) oxide. The reaction between KIO4 and manganese (IV) oxide is as follows:
2 MnO2 + 4 KIO4 + 6 H2O → 2 MnO4^- + 8 K^+ + 12 H^+
The resulting complex, MnO4^-, is highly colored and can be easily quantified using spectrophotometry. The intensity of the color is proportional to the amount of manganese (IV) oxide in the steel sample. By determining the amount of manganese in the steel, the purity of the steel can be evaluated and its suitability for different applications can be determined.
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why is enthalpy change of displacement not directly correlated with metal reactivity series
The enthalpy change of displacement (ΔH) is the amount of heat released or absorbed when a metal reacts with an aqueous solution of an ion of another metal to form a solid compound.
The metal reactivity series, on the other hand, is a list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity, based on their tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions. While there is some correlation between the two, the enthalpy change of displacement is not directly correlated with the metal reactivity series. This is because the enthalpy change of displacement depends on several factors, such as the nature of the metal and the ion, the ionic charge, and the temperature and concentration of the solution. In general, metals that are more reactive have a greater tendency to form positive ions and release heat (exothermic reaction) during displacement reactions. However, other factors, such as the size and charge of the ion, can also play a role in determining the ΔH of a displacement reaction. So, while the metal reactivity series provides a useful guide to the relative reactivity of different metals, it is not a direct indicator of the enthalpy change of displacement for a given reaction.
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Which radiation unit is determined by the quality factor (QF)? a. roentgen b. rad c. rem d. gray e. coulombs per kilogram.
The roentgen equivalent man or rem is the radiation unit which is determined by the quality factor QF.
Hence, the correct option is option c. rem
The roentgen equivalent man or rem is basically a CGS unit of equivalent dose, effective dose, as well as committed dose, which are basically the dose measures which are used to estimate potential health effects of the low levels of ionizing radiations on the human body.
Quantities measured in rem are designed such that they represent the stochastic biological risk of ionizing radiation, which is mainly the radiation-induced cancer. These quantities are derived from the absorbed dose, which has the unit rad. rem is determined by the QF or the quality factor.
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Which describes the molecule below?
The correct statement that describes the molecule below is a lipid with three unsaturated fatty acids (B)
The fatty substances known as lipids are responsible for a wide array of physiological processes throughout the body. They are a component of the membranes that surround your cells and assist regulate the flow of material into and out of your cells. They contribute to the process of transferring and storing energy, as well as absorbing vitamins and producing hormones.
The picture shows that the molecule is unsaturated due to the presence of double bonds in each of the three fatty acids that compose the molecule. The characteristic of being double is one that is particular to unsaturated compounds.
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Two moles of an ideal gas are heated at constant pressure from a temperature of 30 ∘C to 100 ∘C. Calculate the work done by the gas.
Work done by given ideal gas = 1163.96 J
Work done by an ideal gas : W = -PΔV
From ideal gas equation, we know PV=nRT
Hence, PΔV = nRΔT
Hence, Work done by an ideal gas : W = -nRΔT
According to question, number of moles of given ideal gas = 2
R = gas constant = 8.314 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1
T1 = 30 ∘C = 303 K
T2 = 100 ∘C = 373K
Hence, ΔT = 373-303 = 70K
Putting these value in Work done by an ideal gas : W = -nRΔT
W = -(2)(8.314)(70) = 1163.96 J
Hence, Work done by given ideal gas = 1163.96 J
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what are the three steps involved in evaluating the enthalpy changes associated with solution formation?
The three steps that are involves in the evaluation of the enthalpy changes that are associated with the solution formation are the separation of the solute particles, separation of the solvent particles and then mixing the solute and solvent particles.
For the evaluation of the enthalpy changes which are associated with the formation of the solution, we first separate the solute into its constituent particles. This step is always the endothermic step because there is energy required to overcome the forces that hold these solute particles together.
The second step involves the separation of the the solvent particles from each other in order to make space for the solute particles. This step is also an endothermic step because energy is needed to overcome the intermolecular forces among the solvent particles.
The final step is the mixing of the solute particles along with the solvent particles. This step is an exothermic step because energy is getting released as the solute particles are interacting with the solvent particles through the various types of intermolecular forces.
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a laboratory procedure calls for 50.00 ml of na2co3 solution with a concentration of 0.500 m. what mass of na2co3 is required to prepare this solution?
The laboratory procedure for the 50.00 ml of Na₂CO₃ solution with the concentration of the 0.500 M. The mass of Na₂CO₃ is required to prepare the solution is 2.64 g.
The concentration of the Na₂CO₃ , M = 0.500 M
The volume of the Na₂CO₃, V = 50 mL
The molarity expressed as follows :
Molarity = moles / volumes in L
Moles = molarity × volume
Moles = 0.500 × 0.050
Moles = 0.025 mol
The moles of the Na₂CO₃ = mass / molar mass
The molar mass of the Na₂CO₃ = 105.9 g/mol
The mass = moles × molar mass
The mass = 0.025 × 105.9
The mass = 2.64 g
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what is the gauge pressure in millimeters of mercury inside a soap bubble 0.136 m in diameter? mm hg
The gauge pressure inside a soap bubble 0.136 m in diameter is 0.00035 mmHg.
Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. It is measured in units such as millibars, inches of mercury, or pounds per square inch (psi). Gauge pressure is the pressure above or below atmospheric pressure. A negative gauge pressure indicates a vacuum, while a positive gauge pressure indicates a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. Gauge pressure is important in many applications, such as determining the pressure of a gas inside a closed container, measuring water pressure in a plumbing system, and measuring tire pressure in a car.
The gauge pressure inside a soap bubble 0.136 m in diameter can be calculated using the equation P = 4σ/r, where P is the gauge pressure, σ is the surface tension of the soap solution, and r is the radius of the bubble. Assuming the surface tension of the soap solution is 0.0725 N/m, the gauge pressure inside the bubble is 4σ/r = 4 * 0.0725 N/m / (0.136 m / 2) = 0.262 N/m = 0.262 * 0.00133 N/mmHg = 0.00035 mmHg. Therefore, the gauge pressure inside a soap bubble 0.136 m in diameter is 0.00035 mmHg.
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Calculate the pressure (in atm) of ClF3 in a 5.00 L flask at 125 °C, when it is formed in the reaction of 10.0 g of Cl2 and 10.0 g of F2.ANS: 1.15 atmExplain your answer.
The pressure (in atm) of the ClF₃ in the 5.00 L flask at 125 °C, when it is formed in the reaction of the 10.0 g of Cl₂ and the 10.0 g of F₂ is 28.8 atm.
The mass of the Cl₂ = 10 g
The moles of the Cl₂ = 10 / 70.9
= 0.141 mol
The mass of the F₂ = 10 g
The moles of the F₂ = 10 / 37.9
= 0.263 mol
The equation is :
Cl₂ + 3F₂ ------> 2ClF₃
Initial 0.141 0.263 0
React 0.141 0.423 0.282
End 0 0.16 0.282
Total moles = 0.16 + 0.282
= 0.442
P = n RT / V
P = ( 0.442 × 0.821 × 398 ) / 5
P = 28.8 atm
The pressure is 28.8 atm.
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Which can distinguish between RNA and DNA? a) Presence of 3-OH c) Presence of a phosphate b) Presence of 2-OH d) Presence of a negative charge on "backbone"
The presence of a 2'-OH can be able to distinguish between RNA and DNA.
Hence, the correct option is option b) Presence of 2'-OH
The RNA and the DNA are nucleic acids which are responsible for carrying the genetic information in the cells of different living organisms.
DNA are double stranded whereas the RNA are single stranded. The additional 2' hydroxyl group or the 2'OH which is present in RNA, but lacking in DNA, has some effects that range from the biogenesis of life on earth up to how RNA oligonucleotides should be stored and it what distinguishes DNA from RNA.
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Which four gases were plentiful in the atmosphere/oceans of early Earth?
carbon dioxide propane
nitrogen
methane
argon
hydrogen
oxygen
When studying the early Earth, it's important to understand the gases that were present in the atmosphere and oceans. Four of the most abundant gases present in the atmosphere and oceans of early Earth are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, and hydrogen.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an odorless, colorless gas that is composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. It is a major component of Earth’s atmosphere, and is naturally produced by animals during respiration and is also released from burning of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide is also found in the oceans and plays an important role in the carbon cycle.
Nitrogen (N2) is an odorless, colorless gas that is composed of two nitrogen atoms. It is the most abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere, making up about 78 percent of it. Nitrogen is found in the oceans and is a major component of proteins and nucleic acids, which are essential for life.
Methane (CH4) is an odorless, colorless gas that is composed of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. It is found in Earth’s atmosphere in small concentrations, but is also released from the ocean and from burning of fossil fuels.
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curved arrow notation is often used to show electron movement in resonance structures. from which part of a lewis structure can a curved arrow start from? select all that apply.
A curved arrow can start from an electron pair, a σ bond (single bond) or a π bond (double bond).
In chemical structures, a Lewis structure represents the distribution of electrons in a molecule. A curved arrow notation is used to depict the movement of electrons in a molecule, which helps in visualizing the flow of electrons in chemical reactions or to represent resonance structures.
A curved arrow can start from an electron pair, a σ bond (single bond) or a π bond (double bond) as they all involve the movement of electrons. Starting the arrow from a positive charge or hydrogen atom is not possible as they do not involve the movement of electrons.
By using curved arrow notation, one can easily depict the flow of electrons in chemical reactions such as addition reactions, substitution reactions, electron transfer reactions, etc.
The problem seems incomplete, it must have been...
"Curved arrow notation is often used to show electron movement in resonance structures. From which part of a Lewis structure can a curved arrow start from? select all that apply.
A curved arrow can start from
a positive charge
an electron pair
a σ bond
a π bond"
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40 points //
What are some other proteins that genes code for?
Answer:
Genes can code for a wide variety of proteins, including enzymes, hormones, structural proteins, and receptors. Examples of enzymes include DNA polymerase, proteases, and kinases. Examples of hormones include insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone. Examples of structural proteins include collagen, keratin, and actin. Examples of receptors include G-protein coupled receptors, ion channel receptors, and nuclear receptor proteins.
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The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are the "workhorses" of the cell, carrying out all the functions necessary for life.
6.The ________ gives you a measure for identifying ____ and ___. pH stands for _____ __ _____ , and the scale ranges from _____ to . A pH of ____ means extremely ________ and a pH of ___ means extremely _________.
This is science work
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic solution is. The range goes from 0 – 14, with 7 being neutral.
How is pH determined?A fluid's pH serves as a gauge for hydrogen ion concentration. Acid and base concentrations are measured using pH, which is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration expressed in moles per liter. A chemical scale called pH (pronounced "piet") is used to measure how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is. "Potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen") was the previous term used.
Although pH appears on the periodic table as an element, it is actually a unit of measurement. Potential hydrogen, or pH, tells us how much hydrogen is present in liquids and how active the hydrogen ion is.
.The pH scale gives you a measure for identifying acid and base. pH stands for potential of hydrogen , and the scale ranges from 1 to 14 . A pH of 1 means extremely acidic and a pH of 2 means extremely basic.
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an aqueous cscl solution is 8.00 percent by mass cscl. what is the boiling point of this solution? kb
The boiling point of this solution is 373.17 K or 100.484°C
The boiling point of aqueous cesium chloride (CsCl) solution is dependent on its concentration, but the boiling point elevation due to the solute can be calculated using the formula:
ΔT = Kb x molality.
The molality of the solution can be calculated from its mass percentage:
mass % CsCl / (molecular weight of CsCl) = molality
8.00 g CsCl / (168.39 g/mol) = 0.0474 mol/kg
ΔT = 0.51 K/m x 0.0474 m = 0.0244 K
Thus, the boiling point of the 8.00% aqueous CsCl solution would be raised by 0.0244 K above the boiling point of pure water, which is 100.00 °C.
The boiling point of the solution would be 100.00 °C + 0.0244 K = 100.0244 K or 100.484 °C = 373.17 K.
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Organize information about how synthetic materials impact society and the environment
Natural resources are used to make both natural and synthetic products.
If you go back far enough in time, you will find that all of the materials used to make a product are from our world.
What are synthetic products?Instruments used in the financial sector called synthetic products can mimic the trading of real assets or goods. They manifest themselves as commodities-based securities.
Synthetic goods cannot be consumed by the average person like food or beverages. They exist as contracts. However, they can be purchased, sold, and traded just like food and beverages.
Derivatives are the terms used to describe these contracts (bonds, stocks). The term implies that these securities frequently rely on the market for actual commodities, such as the goods produced by the agricultural industry. However, the person holding a synthetic product does not partake in, say, actual farming.
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a process in which a covalent or ionic bond is broken or formed is generally called a ______ reaction.
A process in which a covalent or the ionic bond is broken or it formed is generally called a chemical reaction.
A chemical reaction is a process in which the bond break and the formation of the bond take place. In a chemical reaction two more more species called as the reactant will react and form the new substance called as the product. The chemical is the process in the chemical transformation takes place. The examples of the chemical reaction is as follows :
CH₄ + 2O₂ -----> CO₂ + 2H₂O
Thus, in a chemical reaction the covalent bond and the ionic bond broke or it formed.
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carbon-14 is a commonly used isotope for radiometric dating. it decays to nitrogen-14 with a half-life of 5,700 years. a biological sample is found to have 1/16 as much c-14 as there is in the atmosphere. how old is the sample?
Carbon-14 is a commonly used isotope for radiometric dating. it decays to nitrogen-14 with a half-life of 5,700 years. a biological sample is found to have 1/16 as much c-14 as there is in the atmosphere. The sample approximately 2280 years or three half lives.
The old of the sample can be calculate as followsbiological sample have 1 /16=(1/2)⁴, so
Four half lives have been experienced by a sample of wood that contains one eight of the current wood's C 14.
The approximate value of a C 14 half life is 5,700 years.
By multiplying the half life by the number of half lives, you may determine the estimated age.
5 , 700 × 4 = 2,280 years
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What kinds of atomic nuclei were present when fusion ceased at the end of the era of nucleosynthesis?
A) only hydrogen. B) only helium. C) hydrogen and helium
D) trace amounts of deuterium and lithium
At the end of the era of nucleosynthesis, which lasted from a few minutes to a few million years after the Big Bang, the atomic nuclei present in the universe were primarily hydrogen (about 75%) and helium (about 25%). So the corrrect option is C) hydrogen and helium.
However, as the universe expanded and cooled, the temperature and pressure conditions became too low to allow for further fusion, and the abundance of heavier elements remained relatively small (trace amounts).
This is why the composition of the universe today is dominated by hydrogen and helium, with only small amounts of other elements present.
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When you need accurate measurements of chemicals, you can use only glassware that has been calibrated- accuracy requires careful delivery of the measured chemical - some volume markings are only estimates. - all volume markings make accurate measurements. REVIEW Question 15 of 15 < BACK ED o D be here to search
The first response is the one that is proper in this case since accurate delivery of the measured substances is necessary.
Before measuring any chemical, calibration is performed to remove any type of instrument error, ensuring that the reactions carried out with the assistance of the chemical being measured will offer a fair yield. For precise measurements, there are two key prerequisites: We need to be aware of the relevant tools. To use these tools correctly, we must be knowledgeable in their application. To take precise measurements, the following two conditions must be met: All of these calculations must be completed precisely using the standard units. 2 You must use the right tools and understand how to use them effectively in order to take precise measurements.
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What should you do if the solid does not completely dissolve in the solvent? a) Draw up the liquid with a pipette and leave the solid b) Filter the sample c) Keep stirring until it dissolves d) Add more solid so more dissolves
b) Filter the sample. If a solid does not completely dissolve in a solvent, the undissolved solid particles can be removed by filtering the sample. This is usually done by passing the mixture through a filter paper.
If a solid does not completely dissolve in a solvent, it is important to properly handle the mixture to obtain a clear solution. One option is to filter the sample to remove the undissolved solid particles. This can be done by passing the mixture through a filter paper or a filter apparatus. The filtered solution can then be used for further analysis or experimentation. Another option is to keep stirring the mixture in the hope that the solid will eventually dissolve. If this is not successful, adding more of the solid to the solvent may help increase the solubility of the substance. However, it is important to consider the solubility limits of the substance in solvent the solvent and to not exceed them, as this may result in a saturated solution.
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3. C2 JUN 08 Q1
Select, from the list below, the compound that can be polymerised to give
CH,
A 2-methylbut-1-ene
B 2-methylbut-2-ene
C pent-1-ene
D pent-2-ene
H
C-C
H
CH₂CH,
[1]
(B) 2-methylbut-2-ene. 2-methylbut-2-ene, can be polymerized to form longer chain polymers through addition reactions with other alkene molecules.
What is 2-methylbut-2-ene?2-Methylbut-2-ene is an alkene hydrocarbon molecule with the chemical formula C5H10. It comprises a carbon skeleton with five carbon atoms and 10 hydrogen atoms. The molecule contains a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms and a methyl group (-CH3) attached to the second carbon atom.
Explain the term polymerization?Polymerization is the process of forming long chains of repeating units, called polymers, from smaller molecules, known as monomers. The process involves the covalent bonding of monomers through addition reactions.
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Find the volume in liters, of 5.8 x 1023 molecules of CH4.
does a sodium atom tend to lose one elctron when it reacts t or f
The statement 'sodium atom tend to lose one electron when it reacts' is true because sodium is a metal with a single valence electron that readily loses that electron to form a positive ion.
A sodium atom tends to lose one electron when it reacts because sodium as a metal have a single valence electron which loses that electron to form Na+.
This tendency is due to the electron configuration of sodium, which is [Ne] 3s1. The electron in the 3s orbital is relatively far away from the positively charged nucleus and therefore can be easily removed.
The loss of this electron leads to the formation of a positively charged sodium ion, which is more stable than a neutral sodium atom. This process of electron transfer is called ionization.
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1. "Syngas" is used to produce methanol via the following reaction: CO + 2 H2 → CH3OH a) Write the rate expression, in terms of the change in concentration, for each species in the reaction. b) How fast does the concentration of the CH3OH increase if the hydrogen is consumed at 3.0 x 10-5 mol/(L*sec)?
The rate expression is typically written in terms of the change in concentration (d[A]/dt) of a reactant or product (A) over time (t).
The general form of a rate expression is:
d[A]/dt = -k[A]^n (k is rate constant, n is stoichiometric coefficient).
If the hydrogen is consumed at 3.0 x 10-5 mol/(L*sec) then increase in the concentration of methanol (CH3OH) will also be:
d[CH3OH]/dt = 3.0 x 10-5 mol/(L * sec).
a) The rate expression for the Syngas reaction CO + 2 H2 → CH3OH (methanol) can be written as:
rate of reaction for CO: -d[CO]/dt
rate of reaction for H2: -2 * d[H2]/dt
rate of reaction for CH3OH: d[CH3OH]/dt
where d[CO]/dt, d[H2]/dt, and d[CH3OH]/dt represent the changes in concentration of CO, H2, and CH3OH over time.
b) The rate of change in the concentration of CH3OH is directly proportional to the rate of consumption of hydrogen, given by 3.0 x 10-5 mol/(L * sec). So, the increase in the concentration of CH3OH can be calculated as:
d[CH3OH]/dt = 3.0 x 10-5 mol/(L * sec).
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I have three mole of Methane (CH4) on the reactant ide of the reaction. Do I have enough information to determine how many mole of product I will have following a reaction? If not, what ele do I need to know?
In order to determine the number of moles of product that will be produced following a reaction, you need to know the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants to the products.
In other words, you need to know the balanced chemical equation of the reaction, which specifies how many moles of each reactant are required to produce a certain number of moles of product.
Without this information, it is not possible to determine the number of moles of product that will be produced from the given number of moles of methane.
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In one or two sentences, explain how Rutherford's model of an atom changed scientific knowledge and describe the evidence that justified the model.
Rutherford's atomic model changed scientific knowledge through his discovery of the nucleus of the atom and through the discovery of the proton.
The evidence that justified the model was that Rutherford discovered that only a small fraction of alpha particles were bent at extreme angles, which might be explained by an atom with a tiny, compact, and positively charged nucleus at its core.
What is Rutherford's atomic model?Rutherford's atomic model is the planetary orbital model showing an atom has a tiny, compact, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which almost all of the mass is concentrated, and light, negatively charged particles called electrons circulate at a distance around it, much like planets orbit the Sun.
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Consider a 354 mL (12 oz.) can of soda that is cold enough to cause moisture from the air to condense on the outside of the can. If all of the heat released when 5 mL of vapor condenses on the can is transferred into the soda, how much would the soda temperature increase? Assume the density (1 mL/g) and specific heat (4.184 kJ/kg°C) of the soda are the same as water. Use 2,500 kJ/kg as the latent heat of vaporization.Please Help, a detailed solution would help me walk through the process for similar questions.
The temperature of the soda will increase by 12°C as a result of the heat transfer from the condensed vapor.
The amount of heat transferred to the soda can be calculated using the equation q = m x c x ΔT, where q is the heat transfer, m is the mass of the vapor, c is the specific heat of the soda, and ΔT is the temperature change of the soda.
In this case, m = 5 mL x 1 g/mL = 5 g, c = 4.184 kJ/kg°C, and q = 2500 kJ/kg (latent heat of vaporization). Substituting these values into the equation and solving for ΔT yields ΔT = (2500 kJ/kg) / (5 g x 4.184 kJ/kg°C) = 12°C. This means that the temperature of the soda will increase by 12°C as a result of the heat transfer from the condensed vapor.
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Which statement correctly explains the protonation states of these histidine residues? His side chains predominantly exist in their deprotonated form, since biological pH is lower than the pK, of the His side chains. His side chains predominantly exist in their protonated form, since the pK, of the His side chains is lower than biological pH. His side chains predominantly exist in their deprotonated form, since the pK, of the His side chains is lower than biological pH. His side chains are deprotonated in the figure, but they will predominantly exist in their protonated form at biolog pH.
Since the pKa of the his side chains is lower than biological pH, this accounts for the protonation states of these histidine residues, His side chains primarily exist in their deprotonated form.
When the value of PKa is less than the value of its pH, the majority of acid molecules protonate. So they are only partially coordinated when pH is equal to PKa. So, at this point in the donation process, the harsh protonation rates are present. Additionally, the protein and its stage are represented when the PKa is higher than the pH than they are. Therefore, there is a contact between two histamine residues in the case of histamine, which can be controlled by altering the pH. Then, when the PKa.
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. elemental iodine is a solid at room temperature. what is the major attractive force that exists among different i2 molecules in the solid state?
Generally, Iodine exists as a diatomic molecule, I₂, which is formed when two iodine atoms form a covalent bond. It is true that, iodine at room temperature exists as a solid because the strength of these forces are in line with iodine's large electron cloud and polarizability.
An important reason of this fact is that the bonding electrons are being shared equally, which is implied by the covalent bonding that exists between the atoms, is the fact that the iodine molecule is nonpolar.
Due to this, the only intermolecular forces of attraction that forms the bond between iodine molecules are relatively weak London dispersion forces.
The interesting thing is that London dispersion forces strength increases with the size of the molecule or, with the size of the molecule's electron cloud.
The more larger molecules, they have larger electron clouds, something that has a direct impact on the strength of the London dispersion forces.
Therefore, the presence of larger electron cloud indicates that these partial charges are more significant. Hence, the larger the electron cloud can be easily polarized.
So, as a conclusion, it can be observed that the only forces that exist between iodine molecules are relatively weak London dispersion forces.
Hence, it is true that iodine exists as a solid at room temperature because the strength of these forces are in line with iodine's large electron cloud and polarizability.
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