What is the probability of Los Angeles’ annual PM2.5 (fine Particulate Matter) concentrations exceeding 15 µg/m3 . We already know that the concentration data is normally distributed. The mean annual concentrations of PM2.5 are 11 µg/m3 , Standard Deviation is 8 µg/m3 . Please refer to our lecture slides to complete the calculation. Please be sure to include a sketch plot of the normal distribution. Tips: you may use the three-step process to complete the calculation and evaluate the probability value. You need to refer to the “Table of Normal Values” to complete this question.

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Answer 1

The probability of Los Angeles’ annual PM2.5 concentrations exceeding 15 µg/m3 is approximately 30.85%.

To find the probability of Los Angeles’ annual PM2.5 concentrations exceeding 15 µg/m3, we need to first standardize the value of 15 using the formula:

z = (x - μ) / σ

where z is the standard score, x is the value we want to standardize (15 µg/m3), μ is the mean annual concentration (11 µg/m3), and σ is the standard deviation (8 µg/m3).

Substituting the given values:

z = (15 - 11) / 8

z = 0.5

Using the table of normal values or a calculator with a normal distribution function, we can find the area under the standard normal curve to the right of z = 0.5:

P(Z > 0.5) ≈ 0.3085

Therefore, the probability of Los Angeles’ annual PM2.5 concentrations exceeding 15 µg/m3 is approximately 0.3085 or 30.85%.

Normal distribution plot with shaded area to the right of z=0.5 representing the probability of PM2.5 concentrations exceeding 15 µg/m3

Note: The shaded area represents the probability of the concentration being greater than 15 µg/m3, not exactly equal to 15 µg/m3.

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The following factors must be addressed to remedy salt water seepage and sinkholes: saltwater intrusion, excessive groundwater pumping or sea level rise, mining, coastal erosion, and spatial planning and zoning are some of the main ones.

What is saltwater seepage and sinkholes?

Brine runoff is the movement of salt water into a freshwater aquifer or surface water body. Saltwater runoff can have a negative impact on freshwater ecosystems and water resources.

Sinkholes can be dangerous, cause property damage, and have environmental impacts such as changing groundwater flow patterns and contaminating water sources.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Complete Essay #19: Compare Africa’s and South America’s geography. Choose at least three characteristics (e.g., bodies of water, climates, or biomes).

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Africa and South America are two sprawling land masses, encompassing predominant features of unique geography.

What are their differences?

Whereas South America proudly showcases the Andes Mountains as its most defining asset, Africa is home to a collection of various mountain ranges, scattered throughout its expansive territory.

Similarly, the Amazon rainforest—the largest tropical arena of its kind in the entire world—is situated within South American borders, with Africa's Sahara Desert—which happens to be the biggest hot desert on a global scale—occupying much of its northern region.

In terms of submarine embankments, South America's coastline encompasses rings of both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans; whereas Africa boasts a comprehensive marine border jam-packed with the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, and the Indian Ocean to the east.

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Tardigrades were first described by Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773, so by the turn of the 19th century, they had been known to exist for approximately 28 years. Therefore, the answer is 28 years.

Hope that helps! Good luck! :)

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Because of how President Putin treated his baby boy

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The long-term temperature increase on Earth's surface caused by the human production of emissions in the form of greenhouse gases is known as global warming, which has a wide range of negative effects on people and nature.

How global warming can impact people:

Adverse impacts on weather patterns: Extreme atmospheric conditions like hurricanes, droughts, floods, wildfires, and heatwaves, all of which lead to extensive destructions, economic losses and displacements of human settlements, can worsen due to global warming. The spillover effect from such situations is broader social disorders which affect livelihoods, health, and safety.

Health Implications: Human health may experience direct and indirect consequences when temperatures soar because l vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children and those with prevailing medical conditions require more care during spikes. Heat-related illnesses and deaths become common occurrences. Global warming may also cause alterations in disease patterns, promoting the spread of vector-borne infections like malaria and dengue fever.

Ways to manage global warming include:Reducing greenhouse gas emissionsClimate education and awareness

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The positive and the negatrive impact of mining in Africa is discussed here

Mining hаs hаd а significаnt imраct оn Africа, both positive аnd negаtive, аnd thе industry is currеntly exрeriencing vаrious chаllenges.

Positive imраct оf mining in Africа:

Ecоnomic grоwth: The mining industry hаs been а key cоntributоr tо thе ecоnomic grоwth оf mаny Africаn countries. It hаs creаted jobs, generаted revenue for governments, аnd cоntributed tо thе develоpment оf locаl communities.

Infrаstructure develоpment: Mining compаnies hаve invested in infrаstructure such аs roаds, rаilwаys, аnd рorts, which hаve helрed tо imprоve trаnsportаtiоn аnd communicаtiоn аcross thе cоntinent.

Negаtive imраct оf mining in Africа:

Envirоnmentаl degrаdаtiоn: Mining hаs оften led tо envirоnmentаl dаmаge, such аs deforestаtiоn, wаter pollutiоn, аnd soil erosiоn. Тhis hаs hаd negаtive imраcts оn biodiversity, ecоsystems, аnd locаl communities.

Sociаl imраcts: Mining аctivities hаve аlso hаd sociаl imраcts, including fоrced resettlement оf communities, displаcement оf indigеnous рeoрles, аnd sociаl cоnflict.

Humаn rights violаtiоns: Somе mining compаnies hаve been аccusеd оf violаting humаn rights, including thе usе оf child lаbor, pооr working cоnditiоns, аnd exploitаtiоn оf workers.

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Goods that reach kinshasa are carried to the lower reaches of the Congo by

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Answer:

your answer

Explanation:

A train hope it helps

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If the graph compares the populations of China and India over a period of 72 years, we may infer that it depicts the populations of both nations from the time of their founding till the present.

If the graph represents the populations of China and India from the present year to a few decades in the future, then we may infer that the goal of the graph is to forecast the future populations of China and India. We may infer that this graph is used to display the populations of China and India at the time they were formed if it depicts their populations in 1947–1948.

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Urbаnization: Тhe Industriаl Revоlutiоn led tо the grоwth оf citiеs as pеoplе mоved frоm rurаl areas tо urbаn areas in seаrch оf jobs in the factоries.

Teсhnologiсal Advаncements: Тhe Industriаl Revоlutiоn brоught mаny technоlоgical advаncеmеnts suсh as the stеam еnginе, tеlеgraph.

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correct question

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Answer: I hope this helps you

Explanation:

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diplomacy, the established method of influencing the decisions and behaviour of foreign governments and peoples through dialogue, negotiation, and other measures short of war or violence. Modern diplomatic practices are a product of the post-Renaissance European state system.

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