In the presence of both potassium tert-butoxide and sodium amide, 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane and 1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethene are formed from 1,2-bromoethane-1,2-diyl) dibenzene.
Dehydrohalogenation example: What is it?…
is called dehydrohalogenation, for instance, and dehalogenation when both of the exiting atoms are halogens. Similar to this, dehydration is the removal of a water molecule, typically from an alcohol; when both leaving elements are hydrogen bonds, the process is referred to as dehydrogenation.
How does dehydrogenation work?Dehydrogenation is the process of taking hydrogen out of an organic compound in order to create a new compound (e.g., to convert saturated into unsaturated compounds). Alcohols are dehydrogenated in order to form aldehydes and ketones.
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how many mg atoms are found in 1.00 mole of mgo?; how many atoms of nacl are present in 11.0 moles?; how many atoms are in a 591 g sample of gold?
146.35 × 10²³ Mg atoms make up 1 mole of magnesium oxide.
The 11 moles' total amount of sodium chloride is 6.62*10²⁴ NaCl.
The amount of atoms in 591 g of gold is 1.81*10²⁴.
A) Avogadro's number and molecular weight have been used to calculate the number of atoms in a mole of a molecule. The constant that the number provided was the Avogadro number. 6.023 × 10²³.
The following sources provide the relationship between the atoms and the mole:
1 mole = 6.023 × 10²³ atoms.
As a result, the Avogadro number was equal to the number of atoms in 1 mole of magnesium oxide.
Thus, 1 mole of MgO has 6.023 ×10²³ atoms.
The atoms of Mg may be calculated from the mass of one magnesium molecule in the chemical MgO, which is given by:
Mg atoms = Mass of Mg × Avogadro number
Mg atoms = 24.3g × 6.023 × 10²³
Mg atoms = 146.35 × 10²³
146.35× 10²³ Mg atoms make up 1 mole of magnesium oxide.
B) Experimentally, it has been determined that Avogadro's constant is roughly equal to 6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹.
Given, the quantity of NaCl in moles= 11.0 mol
The sodium chloride's molar mass= 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol
NaCl has formula units in a mole.= 6.022 × 10²³
11 moles of NaCl have formula units of NaCl after that. = 11 × 6.022 × 10²³
= 6.62 × 10²⁴ NaCl
11 moles of sodium chloride contain 6.62*10²⁴ formula units of sodium chloride.
C) The premise of Avogadro's hypothesis
According to Avogadro's theory,
1 mole of Gold = 6.02×10²³ atoms
But
1 mole of gold = 197 g
Thus,
197 g of gold = 6.02×10²³ atoms
How to calculate the number of atoms in 591 g of gold
197 g of gold = 6.02×10²³ atoms
Therefore,
591 g of gold = (591 × 6.02×10²³) / 197
591 g of gold = 1.81×10²⁴ atoms
In 591 g of gold, there are 1.81*10²⁴ atoms.
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Using principles of atomic and molecular structure and the information in the table below, answer the
following questions about atomic fluorine, oxygen, and xenon, as well as some of their compounds.
Atom
F
O
Xe
First Ionization Energy
(kJ mol-¹)
1,681.0
1,313.9
?
(a) Write the equation for the ionization of atomic fluorine that requires 1,681.0 kJ mol™¹.
(b) Account for the fact that the first ionization energy of atomic fluorine is greater than that of atomic
oxygen. (You must discuss both atoms in your response.)
(c) Predict whether the first ionization energy of atomic xenon is greater than, less than, or equal to the
first ionization energy of atomic fluorine. Justify your prediction.
(d) Xenon can react with oxygen and fluorine to form compounds such as XeO, and XeF,. In the boxes
provided, draw the complete Lewis electron-dot diagram for each of the molecules represented below.
(e) On the basis of the Lewis electron-dot diagrams you drew for part (d), predict the following:
(i) The geometric shape of the XeO, molecule
(ii) The hybridization of the valence orbitals of xenon in XeF,
(f) Predict whether the XeO, molecule is polar or nonpolar. Justify your prediction.
a) The equation for the ionization energy of fluorine is; [tex]F---- > F^+ + e[/tex]
b) Fluorine has a greater nuclear charge than oxygen
c) The first ionization energy of xenon is greater than that of fluorine because it has more nuclear charge than fluorine
d) The Lewis dot structures are shown in the images attached.
e i) The geometry is trigonal pyramidal
e ii) The [tex]Xe F_{4}[/tex] is [tex]sp^3d^2[/tex] hybridized and is square planar
f) The molecule is polar because it is not symmetrical
What is the ionization energy?We know that the ionization energy has to do with the energy that must be supplied so as to be remove an electron from the atom. We know that the ionization energy does increase across the period but it would decrease down the group.
The reason for the increase in the ionization energy across the period would be the fact that the nuclear charge increases across the period but remains the same down the group.
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What convert nitrogen to a form that can be used by plants?; How can nitrogen in the soil be converted?
Nitrogen gas (N2) diffuses into the soil from the atmosphere, and species of bacteria convert this nitrogen to ammonium ions (NH4+), which can be used by plants.
What is soil?
Soil, also commonly referred to as soil or soil, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Some scientific definitions distinguish soil from soil, especially by restricting the former term to displaced soil.
Therefore, Nitrogen gas (N2) diffuses into the soil from the atmosphere, and species of bacteria convert this nitrogen to ammonium ions (NH4+), which can be used by plants. Soil, also commonly referred to as soil or soil, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.
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Sixty-five liters of liquid ethanol at 70.0 derajat celcius and 55 L of liquid water at 20.0 derajat celcius are to be mixed in a well-insulated flask. The energy balance for this constant pressure process is Q=ΔH.
a) Neglecting evaporation and the heat of mixing, estimate the final mixture temperature. b) If the experiment were actually performed and the final mixture temperature were measured, it would almost certainly not equal the value estimated in Part (a). List as many reasons as you can to explain the observation. (there are at least seven of them, most involving approximations made in the estimation.)
The temperature that is required is 44.3 celcius in the Sixty-five liters of liquid ethanol at 70.0 celcius and 55 L of liquid water at 20.0.
Here we have the 75 L of ethanol;
789 * 1 mol /46.07 = 1284 mol of ethanol.Heat required = Q= 4H = mT1/T2Q =4U=4HT=44.3 celsius.Mixing the solution may have an effect on the very last temperature.Heat loss to the outdoor of the system (now no longer adiabatic)Evaporation of the drinks will have an effect on the very last temperature.Heat capability of water won't be constant.There wherein each systematic and random mistakess that came about at some stage in the test along with errors in size of temperatures and volume. It also can be the shortage of accuracy and precision of the researcher.Read more about water;
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Complete, balance and write the net ionic equation for the following reaction: CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq)
The net ionic equation for CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) reaction is; CH3COOH(aq)+OH⁻(aq)→CH3COO⁻(aq)+H2O(l)
The acetic acid will react with sodium hydroxide to give sodium acetate and water. The molecular equation is shown below.
CH3COOH(aq)+NaOH(aq)→CH3OONa(aq)+H2O(l)
The above molecular equation is already balanced as there are the same numbers of elements on both sides. This reaction is an acid base reaction as an acid and a base react to form salt and water.
Both acetic acid and sodium hydroxide will exist in the form of their constituent ions because they are soluble in aqueous solution.
By breaking all the strong electrolytes in to their constituent ions, we get the complete ionic equation as follows:
CH3COOH(aq)+Na^+(aq)+OH⁻(aq)→CH3COO⁻(aq)+Na^+(aq)+H2O(l)
By removing the spectator ions we can get the net ionic equation.
In the complete ionic equation, Na+ ion is the spectator ion as it is present on both the sides of the equation. So by removing it we can get the net ionic reaction.
The net ionic equation is shown as follows:
CH3COOH(aq)+OH⁻(aq)→CH3COO⁻(aq)+H2O(l)
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To compensate for a complex or unknown matrix, the method can be used to determine the analyte concentration a.calibration curve b.standard addition c.dilution method d. standardization e.least-squares analysis
Data should be plotted in a scatter plot. Make a linear regression line (trend line), and then figure out the regression equation and R-squared. Rearrange the regression equation to determine the concentration of the unknown analyte.
The rationale behind using the conventional additions method is that the matrix may contain additional elements that interfere with the analyte signal, resulting in inaccurate concentration determination. The concept is to "spike" a sample with an analyte and observe how the instrument response changes.
Lead concentrations in solution vary between the two methods. The calibration method produces results that are superior to the traditional addition method. To calculate a very low concentration of dissolved lead using F-AAS, the linearity of the standard addition method is superior to the calibration method.
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classify the tonicity of a solution made by dissolving 9.0g of sodium chloride in 1.0l of water. choose the correct answer and explanation below.
Tonicity of solution made by dissolving 9.0g of sodium chloride in 1.0l of water : solution is isotonic because it has a 0.9%m/v concentration of sodium chloride.
What do you understand by tonicity?Capability of a solution to modify the volume of cells by altering their water content is called tonicity . Movement of water into a cell can cause hypotonicity or hypertonicity when water moves out of the cell.
A solution is said to be isotonic when it has the same concentration of the solutes as another solution and this occurs across a semipermeable membrane. Use of this chemical in human anatomy is rare but it describes muscles that have a similar tone as the normal comparisons.
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Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question: Classify the tonicity of a solution made by dissolving 9.0g of sodium chloride in 1.0l of water. choose the correct answer and explanation below.
The solution is hypertonic because it has a 9.0% m/v concentration of sodium chloride.
The solution is hypotonic because it has a 9.0% mlv concentration of sodium chloride.
The solution is isotonic because it has a 9.0% mv concentration of sodium chloride.
The solution is hypertonic because it has a 0.9% m/v concentration of sodium chloride.
The solution is hypotonic because it has a 0.97 m/v concentration of sodium chloride.
The solution is isotonic because it has a 0.9% m/v concentration of sodium chloride
which of the following pairs of substances would you expect to form homogeneous solutions when combined? (a) CCl4 and H2O (b) KCl and H2O (c) Br2 and (d)CCl4
Solutions that are homogeneous have a constant composition and set of characteristics. For instance, a cup of coffee, cologne, cough syrup, a salt- or sugar-water solution, etc.
Since cement, water, and numerous other additives are included in concrete, it serves as an illustration of a heterogeneous mixture. As a result, it is not expected that concrete will have a consistent composition throughout. As a result, choice (a) is correct.
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Why do human reproductive cells (i.e. egg & sperm cells) only end up with 23 chromosomes by the end of meiosis cell division?
A. Meiosis only does part of the job of reproductive cell division, and another type of cell division has to finish it.
B. Each reproductive cell gets only half the genetic code of a complete human so that when they combine during sexual reproduction, it results in a
human with a full genetic code.
Only half of a human's genetic code is received by each reproductive cell, ensuring that when they join during sexual reproduction, a human with a full genetic code is produced.
Why only have 23 chromosomes in sperm and egg cells, the gametes?Human sperm and eggs must only have 23 chromosomes for fertilization to result in the formation of a single, fully developed diploid cell that will then divide through mitosis to become a whole organism.
Why do gametes, or sperm and egg cells created during meiosis, have half as many chromosomes as they should?This decrease in chromosome number is essential for meiosis because it produces cells that will develop into gametes (or reproductive cells); without it, fertilization cannot result in the union of two gametes.
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Draw the major organic substitution product (ignoring stereochemistry) formed in the following reaction. If the reactant's configuration were (1 R,2R), then the configuration of the substitution product(s) will be (select all that apply): 1R, 2R. 1S, 2S. 1R, 2S. 1S, 2R.
Therefore, if the configuration of the reactant was (1R, 2R, 4R), the configuration of a substituted product(s) will be no R/S.
What is the structure of the finished product?Product configuration is the method of choosing and organizing pieces of a product in a specific order to customize it to a customer's demands. A personalized product typically adds greater value than like a one-size-fits-all substitute since every customer had different objectives and limitations.
How does reactant explain work?A reactant is what? The components of a chemical reaction are referred to as reactants. Atoms, the fundamental units of matter, reorganize themselves to produce new combinations in a process known as a chemical reaction. Raw materials can react each other are known as reactants.
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What are pigments such as chlorophyll and carotene used for?; What are pigments used for in plants?; Why do plants need pigments like chlorophyll?; What is the function of carotene pigment in photosynthesis?
In regions of the electromagnetic spectrum where chlorophylls a and b are unable to absorb light, the plant can absorb light thanks to carotenoids and other auxiliary pigments.
What are pigments such as chlorophyll and carotene used for?Carotenoids absorb energy from sunlight similarly to chlorophylls. To increase photosynthesis, they then transfer the energy to chlorophyll molecules. Carotenoids function as antioxidants in all living organisms. The oxidation reactions that can harm cells can be slowed down by chemicals known as antioxidants.Insects, birds, and other animals are drawn to pigments as visible cues for pollination and seed dissemination. Plants are also shielded by pigments from UV and visible light harm (Tanaka et al., 2008). The human diet includes many fruits that are high in pigment.Chlorophyll and other pigments, which absorb the sun's rays to produce food for the organisms, are necessary for photosynthesis.To Learn more About chlorophylls refer To:
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When a neutral atom loses one or more electrons, the total number of electrons _____________while the number of protons in the nucleus remains the same. The result is that the atom becomes a c___________—an ion with a net positive charge.
The opposite process can also occur. When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, the total number of electrons _____________ while the number of protons in the nucleus remains the same. The result is that the atom becomes an a_____________—an ion with a net negative charge.
Answer:
When a neutral atom loses one or more electrons, the total number of electrons decreases while the number of protons in the nucleus remains the same.
The result is that the atom becomes a cation —an ion with a net positive charge.
The opposite process can also occur. When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, the total number of electrons increases while the number of protons in the nucleus remains the same.
The result is that the atom becomes an anion —an ion with a net negative charge.
Explanation:
Khan Academy
When a neutral atom loses one or more electrons, the total number of electrons decreases while the number of protons in the nucleus remains the same. The result is that the atom becomes a cation - an ion with a net positive charge.
The opposite process can also occur. When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, the total number of electrons increases while the number of protons in the nucleus remains the same. The result is that the atom becomes an anion - an ion with a net negative charge.
Why does this equation show that matter is neither created nor destroyed (law of
conservation) in a chemical reaction?
Mg(OH), + 2HN03 - Mg(NO3), + 2H,O
There are the same number of atoms for each element on the reactant and product
side of the equation.
There are the same number of molecules on the reactant and product side of the
equation.
There are the same number of reactants as products in the equation.
® This equation does not show that matter is neither created nor destroyed.
The two main postulates that was given by Antoine Lavoisier are, oxygen play an important role in combustion and the other is mass of the reactant and product is conserved. Therefore, the correct option is option A.
What is law of conservation of mass?According to Law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Mass can only be transformed from one form to another. The law of conservation of mass was given by Antoine Lavoisier. Every reaction in nature follow the law given by Antoine Lavoisier that is mass is always conserved.
The statement that is representing matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction is 'there are the same number of atoms for each element on the reactant and product.'
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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What is water vapor has been released into the atmosphere it rises and cools turning back into liquid What is the process called?; What is it called when water goes back into the atmosphere?; What happens when water vapor rises into the atmosphere and cools?
The process of cools turning back into liquid is called condensation. the process of water goes back into the atmosphere is called evaporation. when water vapor rises into the atmosphere and cools is forms cloud.
What is water vapor has been released into the atmosphere it rises and cools turning back into liquid What is the process called as condensation. The condensation when the water vapor converts into the liquid sate. when water goes back into the atmosphere is called as evaporation . the evaporation is the process when the liquid turns to the water vapor.
when water vapor rises into the atmosphere and cools it will forms the cloud.
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Match each marked point and arrow in the phase diagram shown with the correct description Instructions
The Match of each marked point and arrow in the phase diagram shown with the correct description Instructions are:
1 = Triple point
2 = A liquid cools down, freezes, and cools further.
3 = A gas is compressed at constant temperature and becomes a liquid.
4 = Critical point
5 = A substance in the solid phase
What is Triple point?The temperature and pressure at which a substance's three phases—gas, liquid, and solid are said to coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium are known as the triple point in thermodynamics.
Therefore, one can say that the tip of a phase equilibrium curve is referred to as a critical point (or critical state) in thermodynamics. The liquid-vapor critical point, the point on the pressure-temperature curve that marks the circumstances in which a liquid and its vapor can coexist, is the most notable example.
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Which of the following features of a 1H NMR spectrum give useful information about the structure of a compound? Choose all answers that apply.
----------------------------------------
The spin-spin splitting of signals
The number of the signals
The area under the signals
The signal distance above the baseline
The chemical shift of the signals
The number of the signals
The chemical shift of the signals.
The spin-spin splitting of signals.
Count how many signal sets you have.
• This will tell you how many types of hydrogen-bearing carbons you have. Hydrogens attached to symmetry-equivalent carbons will give equivalent signals) . If you have asymmetric looking signals, there is a good chance that two or more different
signal sets may be overlapping
Check the integration of each signal set.
• 3HCH3 group 2HCH2 group 1HCH or OH group.The above are true if there isn’t any accidental overlapping. Clean CH3 or CH2 signal sets will normally have reasonable shape symmetry.Effective recognition and integration of signal sets can help you know how many CH3’s and
CH2’s you have in your molecule
Check diagnostic “chemical shift” windows of the lines
• Use yes-or-no checklist regarding the presence of key functional groups.Things can get more complicated if two or more functional groups are both affecting a common
signal set.Chemical shift information can quickly tell you whether hydrogens are attached to arenas or
alkenes, and tell whether a CH2 or CH3 or CH signal set is attached to a single bond oxygens or
a carbonyl or an aromatic.
The splitting (number of lines) in each signal set
• The splitting provides information about what is connected to a given carbon
a. N lines N-1 “neighbor” H’s (when working from spectrum to structure)
b. N neighbors N+1 lines (when predicting spectrum from structure)
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An atom of polonium-218 undergoes alpha decay. What new element is produced?
Alpha decay occurs in a polonium-218 atom. A brand-new lead element is created. The atomic number and total mass both drop by 2 and 4 respectively as a result.
Lead is a chemical element with the atomic number 82 and the symbol Pb (derived from the Latin word plumbum). Denser than the majority of materials, it is a hefty metal. In addition to having a comparatively low melting point, lead is soft and flexible. Lead is a lustrous grey with a tinge of blue when it is first cut. The total number of protons and neutrons (collectively known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus is known as the mass number, also known as the atomic mass number or nucleon number (sign A, from the German word Atomic weight [atomic weight]).
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Calcium hydride (CaH2) reacts vigorously with water according to the unbalanced equation shown: CaH2 (s) + H2O (1) --> Ca(OH)2 (s) + H2 (g) Determine the moles of H2 that could be produced if 24.6 g of calcium hydride were to undergo the reaction above. Enter a numerical value in the correct number of significant figures; do not enter units. Determine the moles of H2 that could be produced if 14.0 g of water were to undergo the reaction above. Enter a numerical value in the correct number of significant figures; do not enter units. If 24.6 g of calcium hydride were combined with 14.0 g of water, which substance would be completely consumed during the reaction? 15.00 g of aluminum sulfide and 10.00 g of water react until the limiting reagent is used up. Identify the limiting reagent and report the theoretical yield of H2S, in grams, that could be produced from this reaction. Al2S3 (s) + H20 (1) --> Al(OH)3 (aq) + H2S (aq) Supply the chemical formula of the limiting reagent. Theoretical yield, in grams, of H2S. Enter a numerical value in the correct number of significant figures; do not enter units. P4010 (s) + H20 (1) H3PO4 (aq) If 12.00 g of water is combined with 22.82 g P4010 and 11.60 g of H3PO4 is produced, what is the percent yield of this process? Enter a numerical value in the correct number of significant figures; do not enter units. If the percent yield is 11.11%, enter 11.11, not 0.1111.
A. The moles of H2 that could be produced if 14.0 g of water were to undergo the reaction above is 0.0925 mol H₂O.
24.6 g of Calcium Hyduds were combined with 14g of water which substance would be completely consumed ding the elation
Above we calculate the moles of CAH₂ and moles of H₂O
So, the moles of CAH₂ are more than the moles of H₂O
The substance consumed completely is H2O (water)
15 g of aluminum Sulfide and heart log water
Al2S3 + H2O → 2A(OH)₃ + 3H₂S
The chemical formula for limiting agent
15g x 1mol/150.188 = 0.0998 mol Al2s3
10g x 1mol/6 x 18 = 0.0925 mol H₂O
A mole of the H₂O is less So, H₂O is limiting reagent
B. The limiting reagent and report the theoretical yield of H2S, in grams, that could be produced from this reaction.
c. Theoretical yield, in grams, of H2S
24.6 g of Calcium Hyduds were combined with 14g of water which substance would be completely consumed ding the
Above we calculate the moles of CAH2 and moles of H₂O
So, the moles of CAH2 is more than the moles of H₂O
The substance consumed completely is H2O (water)
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a chemist burns 175g of solid magnesium in excess o2 gas. all of the metal reacts. He wants to know how many grams of the oxygen reacted?
Answer:
57.76 grams of oxygen reacted.
warmer temperatures make red wines taste hotter and harsher than giving them a light chill before serving. True or False?
Given statement is true warmer temperature make red wines taste hotter and harsher
Not all red wines should be served chilled because lower temperatures can make the tannins taste harsher and more astringent and bitter. Also, colder temperatures will make the wine taste less fruity.
Red Wine Should Be Served Cool — 60 to 70 degrees
White Wine And Rosé Should Be Served Cold — 50 to 60 degrees
To cool red down to its proper temperature, we like to place it in the fridge an hour before serving it. For quicker results, you can put it in the freezer for just 15 minutes. After opening and either decanting or pouring the first glasses, just as with white we like leaving the wine out on the table to slowly warm.
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Which of the following statements correctly describe chemical kinetics? Select all that apply.Chemical kinetics describes chemical reactions using collision theory.Chemical kinetics is the study of reaction rates.Chemical kinetics measures how fast reactants are converted into products.
Understanding how quickly chemical reactions occur is the focus of the physical chemistry subfield known as chemical kinetics. In contrast to thermodynamics, which focuses on the direction in which a process takes place but says nothing about its rate, it is to be contrasted with this.
A chemical reaction is a procedure that causes one group of chemical components to change chemically into another. Chemical reactions, which can frequently be described by a chemical equation, traditionally include changes that only affect the locations of electrons in the formation and dissolution of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present). The study of chemical processes involving unstable and radioactive elements, where both electronic and nuclear changes may take place, is known as nuclear chemistry. Reactants or reagents are the substance(s) or substances that are initially utilized in a chemical reaction. Chemical reactions typically involve a chemical change and produce one or more products, which typically differ from the reactants in some ways. The details of the particular course of action are part of the reaction mechanism. Reactions frequently consist of a series of discrete steps, or elementary reactions. Chemical equations, which represent the initial substances, final products, and occasionally intermediate products as well as the reaction circumstances symbolically, are used to describe chemical reactions.
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what do helium, neon, and argon have in common; what do lithium, sodium and potassium have in common; are noble gases reactive; how many valence electrons do noble gases have; what can you conclude about the ability of noble gases to undergo ionization?; what is the ground state electron configuration for the element sn?; which best describes the properties of representative elements?; why are noble gases stable
Helium , neon and argon are all called noble gases. Lithium, sodium and potassium are all called Alkali metals. Noble gases are stable because that have full valence shells electrons.
The common in Helium, neon, and argon are all noble gases located in the last group that is 18th group of the periodic table. As alkali metals, lithium, sodium and potassium easily react with water to produce hydrogen and metal hydroxides which are alkaline in nature. They have only one valence electron in their outermost shells, which makes them extremely unstable and reactive. All the noble gases elements have 8 valence electrons in their highest principle energy level.
Noble gases has the outermost eight electrons required for any specie to attain stability. This is why the first ionization energy of noble gases is usually far higher than that of elements from other groups. The total electron configuration would be 1s2 2s2 2P6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p2 . The full valence electron shells of these atoms make noble gases extremely stable and unlikely to form chemical bonds because they have little tendency to gain or lose electrons. That's why noble gases are stable.
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give the individual reaction orders for all of the following substances and the overall reaction order from the following rate law:
Following is the rate law's overall reaction order and each substance's specific reaction order: Rate = k [ B r O 3 nh3 ] [ B r − ] [ H + ]
Why is rate law significant? What does it entail?A chemical reaction's rate determines whether it may occur over the course of a lifetime, making it possibly its most significant characteristic. A chemist can change the reaction circumstances to produce a more acceptable rate by being aware of the rate equation, an equation linking the speed to the concentration of reactants.
The rate law is determined by what?By measuring the beginning speed of chemical reaction experimentally at different reactant concentrations, the rate equation for a chemical process can be established. The order in which a chemical reaction occurs without respect to each ingredient determines the rate law for that reaction.
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For the equilibrium Fe (a) + SCN FeSCN* (ag)+ heat (aq) pale yellow Red Describe the shift and the color change when the following are added. Explain with equations for the reactions. a. FeCls solution, 0.10 b. KSCN solid c. Fe(NOs)s solution, 0.10 M d. Na2HPO4 solution, 0.10 M e. NazHPO4 solid f. Deionized water M g. Ice
For the equilibrium Fe³⁺ (aq) + SCN⁻(aq) → FeSCN²⁺ (aq) + heat equations for the reactions is describe as below:
Since, it is an equilibrium if you apply any stress (concentration of product or reactant, heat and pressure) on the reaction. it will adjust itself in order to reduce the applied stress.
a. FeCl solution, 0.10 M
FeCl → 3 Fe³⁺ +3Cl³⁻
it increases the concentration of Fe³⁺ hence, equilibrium is shifted towards right.
b. KSCN solid
KSCN → K⁺ +SCN⁻
it increases the concentration of SCN (reactant) hence, equilibrium is shifted towards right.
c. Fe(NO₃) ₃ solution, 0.10 M
Fe(NO₃)₃ → Fe³⁺ + 3NO₃⁻
it increases the concentration of Fe³⁺, hence, equilibrium is shifted towards right
d. Na₂HPO₄, solution, 0.10 M
Na₂(HPO₄) → 2Na⁺ + HPO₄²⁻
HPO₄²⁻ +Fe³⁺ → Fe₂ (HPO₄)₃
since, it reduces the concentration of Fe³⁺ equilibrium will shifted towards left side
e. Na₂HPO₄ solid
since, it reduces the concentration of Fe³⁺ equilibrium will shifted towards left side.
f. Deionized water
It will reduce the formed heat, and the heat required for the backward reaction is not available. equilibrium will stay on right.
(will not affect)
g. Ice
It will reduce the formed heat and the heat required for the backward reaction is not available, equilibrium will stay on right.
So, this is the explanations for the given reaction.
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Which represents the correct equilibrium constant expression for the reaction below?
K(eq) equals [Cu+2] / [Ag+]2 where [Cu+2] is the product concentration and [Ag+] is the reactant concentration. The activity of pure liquid and solid is assumed to be 1.
What is a good instance of reactant concentration?As an illustration, when a tiny piece of sodium and iron metal was exposed to air, the sodium entirely reacts overnight while the iron has no effect. Calcium and sodium, two active metals, react to produce hydrogen gas and just a base. They both react to water.
What in a reaction is concentration?The amount of a material in a certain area is referred to as concentration in chemistry. Another definition states that concentrations is the ratio of a solution's solute to its entire solution or solvent. Mass per unit mass is typically used to express concentration.
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if 4.6 g of cu3(po4)2(s) was recovered from step 1, what was the approximate [cu2 ] in the original solution? (the molar mass of cu3(po4)2 is 381 g/mol.)
The molar mass of cu3(po4)2 is 381 g/mol .The approximate [cu2 ] in the original solution is 0.30 M.
What is Molar Mass?One sample mole's weight is the molar mass. To determine the molar mass, connect the atomic masses (atomic weights) of each atom in the molecule. The mass of 1 mole of a compound is determined by its molar mass, which is measured in grammes per mole. The mass of a mole of a specific substance, expressed in grammes, is referred to as its molar mass. A mole is any material or compound that includes the Na number of constituents, such as atoms, molecules, or ions; Na is the Avogadros number, and Na = 6.023 1023. The total mass of the atoms that make up a molecule per mole, expressed in grammes, is known as the molar mass. In addition,To learn more about Molar Mass refer to:
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the following items describe fatty acid synthesis, amino acid synthesis, or both. drag the items to the appropriate box.
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis:-
Conducted by cyclic processes, requires acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Amino Acid Biosynthesis:-
Requires diverse enzymes, requires fixed nitrogen, uses glutamate dehydrogenase
Both:- Requires reducing energy, requires fixed carbon
Fatty acids are primary metabolites synthesized by complex, elegant, and essential biosynthetic machinery. Fatty acid biosynthesis begins with acetyl-CoA, and carboxylation produces the malonyl-CoA building blocks that are subsequently condensed and reduced in an iterative fashion until the fatty acid chain matures for use by the cell.
Amino acids are classically considered the building blocks from which proteins are synthesized. The biosynthesis of amino acids involves several biochemical pathways in which amino acids are assembled from other precursors. The biosynthesis of amino acids is distinct from that involving lipids or carbohydrates because it includes the use of nitrogen.
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Is nitric acid a strong or weak acid?; How is nitric acid classified?; Why is nitric acid classified as a strong acid?; Is nitric acid considered strong?
Nitric acid is a strong acid because it completely ionizes into hydronium (H₃O⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) ions in aq. solutions.
The chemical formula for nitric acid is HNO₃, and it is an inorganic substance. It is a mineral acid that is extremely corrosive. The substance lacks any apparent color, however, older samples often have a yellowish tinge to them because of the degradation into oxides of nitrogen. The nitric acid that is available for purchase on the market has a volume of 68% in H₂O. Fumigating nitric acid is the name given to the solution if it reaches a concentration of greater than 86% HNO₃. Fumigating nitric acid can be further classified as either red-fuming nitric acid at concentrations greater than 86% or white-fuming nitric acid at concentrations greater than 95%. This distinction is made based on the amount of nitrogen dioxide that is present.
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based on the results you obtained in the lab today, calculate the percentage (by mass) of nahco 3 in one alka-seltzer tablet. you must show your calculations to receive credit for this question. hint: use the masses that you measured in the lab as your masses of nahco 3 and alka-seltzer
Percentage by mass of NaHCO₃ of Alka - Seltzer tablet in trial 1 is 57.04 %, in trial 2 is 56.91 % and in trial 3 is 3.26 %.
Trial 1 :
Mass of one Alka - Seltzer tablet = Mass of Alka - Seltzer tablets / 2
= 6.42 g / 2 = 3.21 g
Mass of NaHCO₃ in a single tablet = 1.831 g
Percentage by mass of NaHCO₃ in one Alka - Seltzer tablet
= ( Mass of NaHCO3 in a single tablet / Mass of one Alka - Seltzer tablet ) × 100
= ( 1.831 g / 3.21 g ) × 100
= 57.04 %
Percentage by mass of NaHCO₃ is 57.04 % .
Trial 2 :
Mass of one Alka - Seltzer tablet = Mass of Alka - Seltzer tablets / 2
= 6.48 g / 2 = 3.24 g
Mass of NaHCO₃ in a single tablet = 1.844 g
Percentage by mass of NaHCO₃ in one Alka - Seltzer tablet
= ( 1.844 g / 3.24 g ) × 100
= 56.91 %
Percentage by mass of NaHCO₃ is 56.91 %.
Trial 3 :
Mass of one Alka - Seltzer tablet = Mass of Alka - Seltzer tablets / 2
= 6.43 g / 2 = 3.215 g
Mass of NaHCO₃ in a single tablet = 0.105 g
Percentage by mass of NaHCO₃ in one Alka - Seltzer tablet
= ( 0.105 g / 3.215 g ) × 100
= 3.26 %
Percentage by mass of NaHCO₃ is 3.26 %.
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which of the following statements about cytotoxic t cells are true? choose all of the correct answers. Cytotoxic T Cells express TCRs.| Cytotoxic T cells express BCRs.| Cytotoxic T cells interact with antigens bound to Classi MHC molecules on other cells.| Cytotoxic Tools interact with antigens bount to Class MHC molecules on other colis | Activation of Cyloxic T cells requires the membrane protein CD4 | Activation of Cytotoxic T cells requires the membrane protein CD8.
In the given statement statement following are true about cytotoxic T cell;
-Cytotoxic T Cells express TCRs
-Cytotoxic T cells interact with antigens bound to Class I MHC molecules on other cells.
- Cytotoxic Tools interact with antigens bount to Class MHC molecules on other colis
-Activation of Cytotoxic T cells requires the membrane protein CD8.
A cytotoxic T cell that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected by intracellular pathogens (such as viruses or bacteria), or cells that are damaged in other ways.
Most cytotoxic T cells express T-cell receptors (TCRs) that can recognize a specific antigen. An antigen is a molecule capable of stimulating an immune response and is often produced by cancer cells, viruses, bacteria or intracellular signals. Antigens inside a cell are bound to class I MHC molecules, and brought to the surface of the cell by the class I MHC molecule, where they can be recognized by the T cell. If the TCR is specific for that antigen, it binds to the complex of the class I MHC molecule and the antigen, and the T cell destroys the cell.
The surface of a cytotoxic T-cell has something called a CD8 receptor. The CD8 receptor interacts with cells called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I molecules to recognize when healthy cells are infected.
When the CD8 receptor recognizes an infected cell, it activates the cytotoxic T-cells. The cytotoxic T-cells create molecules designed to destroy the infection.
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