The calorimeter is calibrated to check that the thermometer is working properly. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
How to calibrate a calorimeter?A calorimeter can be described as a device that can measure the heat released or absorbed in a chemical reaction. In a calorimeter, a thermometer is placed through the small opening to measure the temperature. Calibrating a calorimeter is a relatively simple process.
The technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a process is called calorimetry. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated object and the change in temperature of the calorimeter is converted into the amount of heat.
The measurement of heat transfer using this approach requires the definition of a system and its surroundings. Bomb calorimeters need calibration to find the heat capacity of the calorimeter and ensure accurate results. The calibration is performed each time before the calorimeter is used.
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Solve the problems. Express your answers to the correct number of significant figures.
(Image below)
Three significant figures in 2.31 and three in 0.790 2.31/0.790 = 2.92
.
2.) (2.08 × 10³) × (3.11 × 10²) = 6.468 800 000 × 10⁵
Three significant figures in 2.08 and three in 3.11.
Significant figures are the variety of digits in a value, frequently a dimension, that contribute to the degree of accuracy of the value. We begin counting widespread figures at the primary non-0 digit.
If a number expressing the end result of a dimension (e.g., duration, pressure, volume, or mass) has more digits than the quantity of digits allowed by way of the measurement decision, then most effective as many digits as allowed by means of the measurement decision are dependable, and so best those can be massive figures.
5 rules for significant figures include:-
* All non-zero numbers ARE substantial.
* Zeros among two non-0 digits ARE great.
* Leading zeros are not giant.
* Trailing zeros to the proper of the decimal are widespread.
* Trailing zeros in an entire quantity with the decimal proven are enormous.
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At what temperature Celsius will 19.4 g of molecular oxygen, O2, exert a pressure of 1820 mm Hg in a 5.12 L
cylinder?
Answer:−27∘C, 19.4 g of molecular oxygen exerts a pressure of 1820 mmHg in a 5.12 L cylinder.
Explanation:The molar mass of O2
is 32.00 g/mol. So, the number of mol (n) of O2 present in 19.4 g of mass is calculated as shown below:
n =19.4g
32.00g/mol
=0.60625mol
. a sample of helium gas in a piston has a volume of 86.4 ml under a pressure of 447 torr. what will be the volume of the helium if the pressure on the piston is increased to 1,240 torr? assume that the temperature and the amount of the gas remain constant.
Boyle's Rule: If the temperature and volume of the ideal gas remain constant in a closed system, the absolute pressure that a given mass of the gas exerts is inversely proportional to the space it takes up.
P1V1 = P2V2
447 × 86.4 = 1240 × V2
V2 = 447 × 86.4 / 1240
V2 = 31.146 mL
At constant temperature (T) and molecular weight (M), volume (V) decreases as pressure (P) increases (n)
PV = nRT
V = nRT/P
V = 4.55 × 0.082 × 285 / 7.32
Where R = ideal gas constant = 0.082 (L) (atm) (mole) -1(K) -1
V is equal to 14.53 L or 14530 cm3.
Charles's Rule: When pressure is held constant, a given mass of gas has a straight relationship between its volume and absolute temperature.
V1T2 = V2T1
1 × 263 = V2 × 310
V2 = 1 × 310 / 263
V2 = 1. 179 L
Volume (V) increases at constant pressure (P) and mole as temperature (T) rises (n)
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when should you start a new chemical waste container in the lab?
A new chemical waste in the lab must be started when the contents of the current container are a couple of inches below the brim of the container.
In a lab, waste chemicals are produced abundantly and are stored in a chemical waste container to avoid undesired events such as contamination, explosion, or eruption of fire.
A standard lab follows the proper guidelines and establishes strict rules and takes all the necessary measures to make sure safety of all the workers and materials.
However, the chemical waste container must be replaced with a new container when the level of chemical waste is a couple of inches below the brim.
This is because the chemical reaction keeps taking place inside the container over time which can expand the volume of the waste materials. Therefore, some space should be left in the container to avoid an overflow of hazardous material and explosions.
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The element iron has naturally occuring isotopes with mass numbers of 55 amd 56. The relative abundance and atomic masses are: 14.5% have a mass of 54.876u and 85.5% have a mass of 55.998u. Calculate the average atomic mass of iron
The average atomic mass of iron = 55.83531 u
The formula for Average atomic mass is,
Average Atomic Mass = [ Abundance of Isotope 1 ] × [ Mass of Isotope 1 ] + [Abundance of Isotope 2 ] × [ Mass of Isotope 2] + [ Abundance of Isotope 3 ] × [ Mass of Isotope 3 ] + so on....
∴ Average Atomic Mass = [0.145] x [54.876] + [0.855] x [55.998]
= 7.95702 + 47.87829
= 55.83531 u
∴ The average atomic mass of iron = 55.83531 u
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a momentary change in the electron density surrounding an atom or a molecule causes it to have a(n) dipole even if it is not normally polar. this induces a similar effect in a nearby molecule or atom and there will be a weak attraction between the two particles as a result. these weak interactions are called forces or london forces.
The required forces are instantaneous and van der wal dispersion respectively
London dispersion forces also referred to as dispersion forces,
London forces, instantaneous dipole-induced dipole forces, fluctuating induced dipole bonds, or loosely as van der Waals forces are a type of force that typically acts between atoms and molecules that are electrically symmetric, meaning that the electrons are distributed symmetrically with respect to the nucleus.
The van der Waals force is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules that was named after Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals. These attractions are not the product of a chemical electronic link, unlike ionic or covalent connections.
They are more prone to disruption since they are relatively weak. Longer distances between interacting molecules result in a rapid disappearance of the van der Waals force.
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Since both compounds and mixtures are made up of two or more different substances, how are they different?
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which no chemical bonds or reactions occur.
Compounds contain atoms of different elements chemically bonded in fixed ratios. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which no chemical bonds or reactions occur. Compounds contain different elements in fixed ratios, arranged in a way defined by chemical bonds.
The chemical composition of the compound is always fixed. A mixture can have a variable composition of constituents. A mixture is either homogeneous or heterogeneous in nature. The components of a compound can only be separated by chemical or electrochemical methods such as extraction. A mixture is formed when two or more different substances are physically combined and can be separated into their original substances.
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explain why solutions of hbr in benzene (a nonpolar solvent) are nonconductive, while solutions in water (a polar solvent) are conductive.
HBr is an acid and so its molecules react with water molecules to form H3O+ and Br− ions that provide conductivity to the solution.
Any substance that produces a sour taste in water solution, turns blue litmus paper red, reacts with some metals to release hydrogen, combines with bases to form salts, and stimulates chemical processes is considered an acid. Pure water is neutral; it is neither acidic nor basic. That occurs when the hydroniums and hydroxyls are out of balance. The chemical compound benzene has the molecular formula C6H6 and is classified as an organic chemical. The benzene molecule is made up of six carbon atoms connected in a planar ring, one hydrogen atom bonded to each. The chemical formula for benzoic acid, an organic substance, is C6H5COOH. It consists of a benzene ring and a carboxyl group. As a result, benzoic acid is described as carboxylic acid.
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the normal ph of the body fluids of 7.4 is considered: slightly basic. slightly acidic. very basic. very acidic.
The normal pH of the body fluids of 7.4 is considered slightly basic in nature.
Generally, the pH of Blood ranges from 7.35-7.45 which is slightly basic or alkaline. The pH scale is a great indicator for understanding the given substance is acidic or alkaline or neutral.
The scale ranges form 1 to 14 and the divisions from 1 to 6 is considered acidic, 7 is considered neutral and 8 to 14 is considered alkaline. Since the scale of body fluids falls under 7.4, it is slightly basic.
But comparing the pH of blood with the pH of acid in the stomach, the pH of stomach is more acidic and ranges from 1.5-3.5 in the pH scale.
Therefore, the pH of blood is considered to be slightly alkaline.
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neodymium-144 undergoes beta decay to form what daughter isotope and escay particle?
The daughter isotope will be Pm.
Isotopes can be defined as the molecule which posses identical atomic number and differ atomic mass.
When Nd is emitted beta particle the atomic number will be increased by 1 amu and no changes in atomic mass. The atomic number of Nd is 60 , after the beta decay it will be get converted in to Pm which atomic number is 61.
[tex]Nd^{144}[/tex] +[tex]\beta^{0} _{1}[/tex] → [tex]Pm^{144}[/tex]
Therefore, the daughter nuclei will be Pm.
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The variable part of an amino acid, which is the unique chemical structure that distinguishes one amino acid from another, is the __________.
Answer:
All amino acids also contain a variable R-group (also known as a "side chain"), and it is this group that distinguishes one amino acid from another.
Explanation:
The side chain of an amino acid differentiates one amino acid from another , good luck..
The variable part of an amino acid, which is the unique chemical structure that distinguishes one amino acid from another, is the side chain.
What is amino acid ?Organic substances known as amino acids have both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Alpha-amino acids, which make up proteins, are by far the most significant of the hundreds of amino acids found in nature. In the genetic code, only 22 alpha amino acids are present.
The amino group, carboxyl group, and side-chain or R group are the three components of an amino acid, and they are all joined to the -carbon. One amino acid can be distinguished from another by their R group.
Amino acids, which are tiny chemical compounds with an alpha (central) carbon atom coupled to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable component known as a side chain, are the building blocks of proteins.
Thus, The variable part of an radical acid, which is the unique chemical structure that distinguishes one amino acid from another, is the side chain.
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clay minerals, silica (sio2), and dissolved potassium bicarbonate in the soil water are products of which process?
For ferromagnesian silicate minerals like olivine and biotite, oxidation of iron plays a significant role in the chemical weathering process.
What is chemical weathering and examples?When water absorbs the minerals in rocks, it causes chemical weathering, which produces new chemicals. Hydrolysis is another name for this. An illustration is when water enters the region around granite. Inside the rock, feldspar crystals undergo chemical reactions that results in clay minerals.
What are the four chemical weathering processes?Solution, carbonated, hydration, oxidation, and reduction are significant chemical weathering reactions. Via chemical reactions involving oxygen, surface and/or soil water, and various acids, such processes operate on the rocks to break them down, dissolve them, or reduce then to a fine clastic form.
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keep it simple i need helppppp
Answer: I believe it is 4
Explanation:
Question 4
A 'renewable' resource is one that...
Question 4 options:
A. is replenished at a rate that keeps up with (or exceeds) consumption.
B. is replenished at a rate that exceeds its consumption.
C. is consumed at a rate that exceeds up its production.
D. is replenished at a rate that does not keep up with consumption.
A renewable resource is one that is consumed at a rate that exceeds its production. Option C.
Renewable resources are inexhaustible sources of energy and can provide a continuous source of clean energy. A resource that replaces itself when used. Resources that are readily replenished or can be replenished such as woodwind water and solar energy. Renewable resources include solar energy and windfall.
Earth's heat planet matter ocean currents ocean temperature differences, and tidal energy. Renewable resources are infinite resources because they can be replenished. Solar wind and geothermal energy are examples of renewable raw materials as they are considered inexhaustible. Water is also considered a renewable natural resource as long as there is rainfall.
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When carrying out the following reaction, you added an excess of Na2C2O4 (sodium oxalate). After collecting the solids and drying them in the oven, you get 2.97 g Fe2(C2O4)3 (iron (III) oxalate). Assuming you used 14 mL of FeBr3 solution, what was the initial concentration of FeBr3?
The concentration of the iron III bromide solution is 1.13 M.
What was the initial concentration?We know that the concertation is defined as the ratio of the number of moles to the volume of the solution. In this case, the balanced reaction equation that we need to work with have been shown in the image that is attached to the question.
Number of moles of iron (III) oxalate = 2.97 g/376 g/mol = 7.9 * 10^-3 moles
From the reaction equation;
2 moles of the iron III bromide yields 1 mole of the iron (III) oxalate
x moles of the iron III bromide yields 7.9 * 10^-3 moles of the iron (III) oxalate
x = 2 moles * 7.9 * 10^-3 moles/ 1 mole
= 0.0158 moles
Given that;
Number of moles = concentration/ volume
concentration = Number of moles/ volume
= 0.0158 moles/14 * 10^-3
= 1.13 M
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How do today's continents provide evidence for the theory of plate tectonics?
Modern continents hold clues to their distant past. Evidence from fossils, glaciers and complementary coastlines helps reveal how the plates once fit together. Fossils tell us when and where plants and animals once existed. Some life "rode" on diverging plates, became isolated, and evolved into new species.
Explanation:Earthquakes, mountain building and volcanic activity occur mostly at the boundaries of the moving plates. Only shallow earthquakes occur where plates diverge at mid-ocean ridges, whereas earthquakes extend to a great depth where plates converge at subduction zones. Magma generation, igneous intrusions, metamorphism, volcanic action, earthquakes, faulting, and folding are usually the result of plate tectonic activity. The earth's crust is divided into six large pieces, and about twenty smaller pieces, by deep fault systems.
iron forms compounds as both a ferrous fe(ii) and a ferric fe(iii) ion. these two ions differ by:
Fe(ii) and Fe(iii) ions differ by E) 1 electron.
Ferric is the term used for an iron atom that has lost three electrons from the valence shell, on the other hand, ferrous is the term used for an iron atom that has lost two electrons from the valence shell.
As one shares two electrons while the other shares three electrons therefore they differ by one electron.
Fe(iii) is more stable due to its half-filled subshell while Fe(ii) is unstable in nature. There is a partially-filled d orbital in Fe(ii) resulting in its instability as half-filled and completely filled orbitals are more stable as compared to the partially filled orbitals.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Iron forms compounds as both a ferrous Fe(II) and a ferric Fe(III) ion. These two ions differ by:
A) 1 proton
B) 1 neutron
C) 2 protons
D) 2 electrons
E) 1 electron
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which of these statements is true concerning the following reaction?
na(g) → na⁺(g) e⁻.
a. This is an ionization process.
b. The energy required in the process is the definition of the electron affinity
c. Na(g) is gaining an electron
d. This reaction is exothermic
The correct answer is option A: This is an ionization process.
The statement which best describes the following chemical reaction is this is an ionization process.
The complete chemical reaction is given below.
In this reaction, the ionization of sodium is taking place.
Na(g) → Na⁺(g) e⁻
Ionization refers to a process or chemical reaction during which cations or anions are formed by the loss or gain of electrons.
If an atom loses an electron then it forms a cation i.e. positively charges atom and when it gains electrons then anions are formed i.e. negatively charged atoms.
In the above mention case, the parent sodium atom loses one electron and forms a cation. The overall process is called the ionization process.
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Why is atomic number better than atomic mass for organizing the elements in the period table
please hurry i need this test due today
Answer:
11: D
12: C
last picture: A
Explanation:
hope this helps
a solution contains 7.58 g of calcium ions in a total volume of 850 ml. calculate the concentration of calcium ions in eq/l and meq/l.
About 40% of a total blood calcium is linked to plasma proteins, predominantly albumin, with a calcium ion concentration of 0.00891765 eq/l..
What are the benefits of calcium concentration?For overall health, calcium is crucial. Calcium is utilized in some form by almost all of our body's cells. Our bodies need calcium in the neurological system, muscles, heart, and bones, among other places. In addition to supporting our bodies, our bones also store calcium.
How much calcium is there in the plasma?Adults typically have plasma calcium values of 2.5 mmol/L (or 5 mEq/L, 10 mg/dL1) or higher. Different amounts of protein-bound, complexed, or ionized calcium can be found in plasma. About 45% of a serum calcium is incorporated into plasma proteins, primarily albumin.
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In which of these compounds would you find only dispersion forces existing between the molecules? i. Nh3 ii. Ch2cl2 iii. Ccl4 iv. Co2.
Compounds in which only dispersion forces exist between the molecules are option iii. CCl4 & iv. CO2.
A nonpolar covalent molecule would have the most effective dispersion forces with another nonpolar covalent molecule.
NH3 has 3 N-H bonds & 1 N-lone pair bond. Here both types of bonds are non-polar therefore the whole compound is polar, thus NH₃ molecule has three types of bonds namely; dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces.CH2Cl2 has 2 C-H bonds & 2 C-Cl bonds and both bonds are polar therefore this compound is polar.CCl4 has all similar types of bonds i.e; 4 C-Cl bonds thus, the compound is non-polar so, has only dispersion forces existing between CCl4 molecules.CO2 has dispersion forces or van der Waals forces as its best intermolecular pressure. On account, that CO2 is made up of one carbon and 2 oxygen, and each carbon and oxygen are non-metals, it additionally has covalent bonds.The compounds in which only dispersion forces exist between the molecules are: iii. CCl4 & iv. CO2
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is it more accurate to determine a molar ratio of elements in a compound from the percentage composition of each element in the compound or the measured masses of each element in a compound?
The percentage composition of each element in the compound can be determined from the molar ratio of elements or from the measured masses of each element in a compound. So both ways are accurate and exact regarding the respective calculations of percentages.
In general, in a compound, the mass percentage of each element can be determined by calculating the mass of the element. In this way, we can see that both quantities are interrelated to each other. So, is a user does the exact calculation then there are high chances of accuracy of both methods.
In Chemistry, the calculations of mass percentage as well as the calculation of the mass of the chemical compound has their own significance as both are applicable to various fields of Chemistry. So, a comparison between their accuracies always leads to a neutral answer as both methods are exact and accurate.
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HELP ME PLSSS ASAP!!!!!
Compare and contrast the paths that P-waves and S-waves take through Earth. How do you think this information helps geologists understand Earth's interior?
S waves can only pass through solids, whereas P waves can pass through liquid, solids, and gases. This data is used by scientists to calculate the composition of the Earth. Seismometers all across the world can measure the S and P waves that come from an earthquake that strikes on one side of the planet, for instance.
What is meant by seismic waves?When materials suddenly move within the Earth, such when they slip along a fault during an earthquake, seismic waves are produced. Seismic waves can also be produced by volcanic eruptions, explosions, landslides, avalanches, and even swiftly flowing rivers.
Earthquakes typically result from subsurface rock breaking unexpectedly and rapid movement along a fault. The seismic waves that cause the ground to tremble are brought on by this quick release of energy.
S waves can only pass through solids, whereas P waves can pass through liquid, solids, and gases. This data is used by scientists to calculate the composition of the Earth. Seismometers all across the world can measure the S and P waves that come from an earthquake that strikes on one side of the planet, for instance.
There are two different types of waves produced by earthquakes: primary (P) and secondary (S). Based on when they come and how they feel on the surface, they are classified. P waves, also known as primary waves, arrive first, followed by S waves, even comprehended as secondary waves. The ground trembles when an earthquake happens because of both waves.
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help please !! is this correct?
yes that is correct
...........
calculate the heat that must be supplied to 8.6 g of ne(g) at 0.15 atm to raise its temper- ature from 25◦c to 49◦c at constant pressure. assume that neon behaves as an ideal gas. answer in units of j.
The amount of heat that must be supplied to raise the temperature of Neon gas from 25°C to 49°C is 212.6J.
How to calculate heat energy?The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance can be calculated by using the following formula:
Q = mc∆T
Where;
Q = quantity of heat absorbed or released m = mass of substancec = specific heat capacity∆T = change in temperatureAccording to this question, 8.6 g of Ne(g) at 0.15 atm needs it temperature raised from 25°C to 49°C at constant pressure. The amount of heat required can be calculated as follows:
Q = 8.6 × 1.03 × {49 - 25}
Q = 212.6J
Therefore, 212.6J is the quantity of heat energy required to change the temperature.
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What is the volume do 482 liters of gas occupy if the temperature of the gas is changed from standard temperature to 27°C while the pressure is held at standard pressure?
Volume of gas occupy if the temperature of the gas is changed is 529.6 litres
It is given that
Initial volume of gas = V1 = 482 liters
Initial temperature = T1 = 273 K
Final temperature = T2 = 273 + 27 = 300 K
Final volume = V2 = ?
Charles's Law states that the volume of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas when pressure is kept constant. The absolute temperature is temperature measured with the Kelvin scale.
The relationship between volume and temperature is:
V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
where V1 and T1 are the initial volume and absolute temperature and V2 and T2 are the final volume and absolute temperature (the Kelvin temperature, not the Celsius temperature).
V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
482 litres/273 K = V2/300 K
V2 = 529.6 litres
Hence, Volume of gas occupy is 529.6 litres
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if the final pressure of water vapor was 0.875 atm and the temperature is 400 k, how many moles of h2o was produced assuming that the reaction went to completion in a 250 l engine
If the final pressure of water vapor was 0.875 atm and the temperature is 400K, then 6.66 moles of H₂O was produced if we assume that the reaction went to completion in a 250L engine.
It is given to us that the pressure of water vapor is 0.875 atm and the temperature is 400K and the volume of the engine is 250L. Then, the number of moles of water could be found by the following formula,
PV = nRT
Here, R refers to the Universal Gas constant and n refers to the number of moles. Thus, by substituting the values we get the number of moles of H₂O as,
0.875x250 = nx0.0821x400
218.75 = 32.84n
n = 218.75/32.84
n = 6.66
Therefore, the number of moles of water molecules is 6.6
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SEP Identify Limitations of a Model You built a yes/no flowchart that could be
used to characterize the chemical bonds of an unknown solid. Reevaluate your
flowchart, identify any limitations it may have, and explain how you might revise it
to correct or mitigate for those limitations.
The usage of yes good judgment, creates a go-with the flow chart that can be used to represent an unknown solid as ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent, or steel.
A chemical bond is an enduring attraction among atoms, ions or molecules that allows the formation of chemical substances. The bond can also result from the electrostatic force among oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or via the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds.
A chemical bond is a pressure of enchantment among atoms or ions. Bonds form whilst atoms proportion or transfer valence electrons. Atoms shape chemical bonds to obtain a full outer energy degree, that is the maximum solid association of electrons.
A chemical bond is what holds atoms together in molecules. Bonds stand up from the electrostatic forces between positively charged atomic nuclei and negatively charged electrons the positions of which in space are decided through quantum mechanics.
Atoms are interested in every other and be a part of together to form a molecule, we name the connection among each atom a chemical bond. The bond “holds together the atoms inside the molecule, ion, or crystal. The bonds can often final indefinitely, till they are broken aside by means of outside pressure or power.
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Which statement correctly describes spontaneous generation?
O the idea that life can arise from something nonliving
O the duplication of cells from other cells
O the generation of molecules from exposure to sunlight
O the production of energy from an unknown source
The idea is that life can arise from something non-living. Option A.
Spontaneous generation is a hypothetical process by which living things evolve from inanimate objects. Also, an archaic theory used this process to explain the origin of life. Other common examples of spontaneous generation were fleas that generate dust maggots that develop from rotting meat, and bread or wheat placed in a dark corner that generates rats. Life is said to have originated from non-living things.
It was a long-standing belief dating back to Aristotle and the ancient Greeks. For centuries, it was believed that living things naturally arise from inanimate objects. This idea known as spontaneous generation is now known to be false. The theory of spontaneous generation was coherently put together by Aristotle.
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