Heat fixing kills the bacteria in the smear, firmly adheres the smear to the slide, and allows the sample to more readily take up stains.
Why is heat fixation necessary for straining ?
Heat fixation inactivates viral and bacterial pathogens and is compatible with downstream MALDI mass spectrometry tissue imaging - PMC.
In this method heat is used to help drive the primary stain into the waxy cell walls of these difficult-to-stain cells. The use of heat in this method has been the reason that this technique is called the “hot staining” method.
Heat fixing is used to kill the bacteria on the slide, so the bacteria does not spread. During the negative stain the cells are not stained, the background is so there is no need to kill the bacteria so they do not smear like they would on the direct stain that does stain the cells.
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which forensic specialist compares tooth morphology in antemortem and postmortem records to make identifications, and also analyzes bite marks for the identification of a culprit?
Forensic Odontologist is the forensic specialist who compares tooth morphology in antemortem and post-mortem records to make identifications.
What is Forensic Odontologist?
In criminal justice situations, forensic dentistry, also known as forensic odontology, handles, examines, and evaluates dental evidence. In addition to helping law enforcement authorities identify entire or dismembered bodies, forensic dentists work with them to identify retrieved human remains. Additionally, forensic dentists have been known to use the victims' prior dental records along with other investigative techniques to locate burn victims. Additionally, forensic dentists may be requested to help identify unidentified people and ascertain their age, race, occupation, past dental history, and socioeconomic level. Because there are no physical characteristics that define "race" in humans, identifying race is not actually a thing. In and of itself, race is a social construct with no biological foundation.
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Drag each item into the appropriate bin depending on whether the process is associated with Photosystem II (PS II) only, Photosystem I (PS I) only, or both PS II and PS I.
Note that "electron transport chain" here refers to the electron transport chain between the two photosystems, not the one that functions after PS I.
Oxidation of water by Photosystem II, reduction of the electron transport chain between the two photosystems, reduction of NADP+ by Photosystem I, and oxidation of the electron transport chain between the two photosystems.
A basic definition of a photosystemThe functional components of photosynthesis are called photosystems, and they are identified by specific pigment organization and association patterns. Photosystems' functions include absorbing light energy and transferring it to other tissues, which implies the movement of electrons.
What substances make up the photosystem?The reaction center of a photosystem is surrounded by a lot of light-harvesting complexes. Chlorophyll a, an auxiliary pigment together with chlorophyll b and carotenoids, make up these light-harvesting complexes. The compounds that absorb light and are present in the chloroplasts of leaves are called pigments.
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imagine an antibiotic is administered to a sick patient. the antibiotic treatment kills 99% of the infectious bacteria. the remaining bacteria that survived the treatment are able to reproduce, and their offspring are also resistant to that antibiotic treatment. this process is known as .
The bacteria have high genetic variability and high reproductive rates.
Antibiotics are drugs that combat infections due by bacteria in human beings and animals by way of either killing the bacteria or making it hard for the microorganism to grow and multiply. bacteria are germs.
The primary forms of antibiotics consist of Penicillins, for example, phenoxymethylpenicillin, flucloxacillin, and amoxicillin. Cephalosporins, for instance, cefaclor, cefadroxil, and cefalexin. Tetracyclines, for instance, tetracycline, doxycycline, and lymecycline.
Antibiotics are for bacterial infections best. This consists of infections such as bloodstream infections, skin abscess/impetigo, bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infections, streptococcal pharyngitis, and a few center ear infections.
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what general pattern has been found in the relationship between genome size and an organism’s phenotype?
Genomes of prokaryotes are less extensive than those of eukaryotes. Because they have more genetic material, the majority of eukaryotes have larger genomes than other eukaryotes.
What is a genome, exactly?The entire genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its "genome." It includes every genetic instruction found in a cell. The nucleus of the cell houses the chromosomes that make up the genome.
What are eukaryotes and prokaryotes?Organisms called eukaryotes have arranged nuclei in each of their cells. All animals, all plants, all fungi, and several single-celled organisms are considered to be eukaryotes. One of the three categories of life, the Eukaryota or Eukarya group of organisms, includes them. Prokaryotes lack a structured nucleus and genetic material. They consist of simple creatures like bacteria.
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The given question is incomplete
The complete question is:
what general pattern has been found in the relationship between genome size and an organism’s phenotype?
Animals have larger genomes than plantsBody size increases with genome sizeAll of the listed responses are correctEukaryotes have larger genomes than prokaryotesMyofibrils are composed primarily of two protein filaments called ______ and _______.
Myosin and actin, two protein filaments, make up the majority of myofibrils.
Actin and myosin-containing myofibrils make up the myofibrils that make up muscles. Actomyosin, a contractile protein formed by actin and myosin under the control by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is necessary for muscle contraction. Each myofibril in a muscle fiber is made up of numerous filaments, just because each muscle fiber includes many myofibrils. The thin filament as well as the thick filament are the two primary types of these filaments. Actin is the primary component of the thin filament, whereas myosin is the primary component of a thick filament. Actin, myosin, titin, and other lengthy proteins make up myofibrils, which are held together by other proteins. These proteins are arranged in thick, thin, but elastic myofilaments, which repeat in sections or units of contraction known as sarcomeres throughout the length of the myofibril.
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Why is the nucleus important to cells?
The cells nucleus is important because it is a a membrane-sure organelle that includes the hereditary data for the cell.
This data is saved withinside the molecule deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The nucleus is surrounded via way of means of the nuclear envelope of an internal and an outer membrane. It includes a gel-like substance known as nucleoplasm, containing chromatin (hereditary data), and it's also a nucleolus that produces ribosomes.
By housing the cell's genome, the nucleus serves each because the repository of genetic data and because the cell's manipulate center. DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing all take area in the nucleus, with most effective the very last degree of gene [removed]translation) localized to the cytoplasm.
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6. Seismic waves that go straight through Earth make the trip very quickly.
A. What does that tell us about the composition of Earth's center? (5 points)
B. What characteristic of seismic waves tells you this? (5 points)
According to calculations, the core contains roughly 85% iron metal and most of the remaining 15% is composed of nickel metal.
What does core mean in its entirety?the core, interior, or most vital component of anything. also known as the magnetic core. Electricity. the centre or inner component of an electromagnet, coils, transformer, or similar device made of an iron chunk, bundles of iron wires, and other ferrous material.
What is a core in a human?The pelvis and spine are stabilized and controlled by a set of muscles known as the "core" (and therefore influences the legs and upper body). The intricacies of maintaining the body in the best positions to lighten the ligaments and promote are more important than brute strength when defining core strength.
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Label the following diagram of chromosomes that have undergone crossing-over: recombined chromosome parental chromosome after cytokinesls II (carnetes) metaphase Il metaphase
Chromosomes that have been crossed:
Metaphase IMetaphase IIAfter Cytokinesis II (gametes)Parental ChromosomesRecombines ChromosomesThe diagrams are in the picture.
Meiosis recombination is a recombination process that occurs in eukaryotic cells during the process of meiosis. In some respects, the mechanism of meiotic recombination is similar to that of homologous recombination in bacteria, although the initial steps are different. The process of meiotic recombination in eukaryotes begins with a double-strand break on one of the chromosomes.
The two cycles of meiosis are referred to as meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I is a reduction division because there is a reduction in the number of chromosomes, while meiosis II is an equalization division. Each cycle has prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In one cycle of meiosis, DNA replication occurs twice and the cytoplasm divides twice, resulting in four haploid products, none of which are genetically identical. The result is four genetically distinct haploid cells.
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Hypotheses are best described as
A) Assumptions
B) Replications
C) Explanations
D) Predictions
Hypotheses are best described as predictions.
What are the hypotheses?
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories.
To declare or indicate in advance. especially: foretelling on the basis of observation, experience, or scientific reason. intransitive verb. : to make a prediction.
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Feather color in budgies is determined by two different genes Y and B. one for piement on the outside and one for the inside of the feather. YYBB, YyBB, YyBb or YYBb is green; yyBB or yyBb is blue: YYbb or Ybb is yellow, and yybb is white. The genes are on separate chromosomes and there are no new mutations Select all that apply. A yellow budgie is crossed with a white budgie. Which of the following results is NOT possible? a. Blue offspring b. Yellow offspring c. White offspring d. Green offspring
Only blue offspring.
If a white budgie and a blue budgie are crossed.
For example, yyBB or yyBb yybb
Let's use yyBb for the blue budgie, which gives us yB, yb, yB, yb as the columns on the punnet square's horizontal rows.
In contrast, the rows on the vertical column of the punnet square will be represented by the letters yb, yb, yb, yb in the white color yybb.
If this representative have a dihybrid cross genes, all children in the punnet square will be yyBb, indicating that they are all Blue offspring alone.
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Part A Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane? any sagittal plane except in the midline two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves transverse cut just above the knees any cul dividing' the body into anterior and posterior portions Submit Request Answer
A vertical cut that is off-center and divides the specimen's left and right halves unevenly is known as a parasagittal plane.
As long as they are not equal, it does not matter which side is bigger—the left or the right. Anatomy and physiology are filled with jargon, much like all other scientific fields.
The direction of human anatomy is slightly different. Humans prefer to align themselves vertically, but other animals tend to align themselves horizontally, therefore this isn't because of any differences in human structure. As shown in the figure below, the sagittal plane still divides humans into left and right halves but now runs vertically.
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why algae blooms are more likely to grow out of control in lentic ecosystems instead of lotic ecosystems
We may draw the conclusion that algal blooms are more prone to get out of hand in lentic habitats because photosynthetic organisms can develop unhindered there in sunny, nutrient-rich lentic environments.
What exactly is an ecosystem?An ecosystem is a place where several types of living things coexist to create a bubble of life, including plants, animals, and other species. Plants, animals, and other living things are considered biotic factors.
What are the five functions of the ecosystem?Because they give us a variety of critical goods and services, healthy terrestrial ecosystems are fundamental to human wellbeing and survival. More than 90% of everything we eat comes from terrestrial ecosystems, which also produce energy, materials for buildings and clothing, medicines, and fresh, clean water.
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question which statement best explains why crossing-over during meiosis causes variation in genes in a population? responses chromosomes may create multiple copies of themselves. chromosomes may create multiple copies of themselves. segments of genes can get deleted during crossing-over. segments of genes can get deleted during crossing-over. mutation rates are higher during meiosis than any other time. mutation rates are higher during meiosis than any other time. chromosomes can swap segments of genes.
Answer:
Chromosomes can swap segments of genes!
Explanation:
I just took the test and got 100%
The idea that chromosomes can swap parts of genes best explains why crossing over during meiosis results in genetic variation in a population.
The biological process of crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis when genetic material is transferred across non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. By giving offspring distinct chromosomes from their parents, chromosomal crossing enhances genetic variety. Because natural selection depends on various alleles to increase or reduce their frequencies, the level of genetic diversity in a population is crucial. A population bottleneck or a disease epidemic are examples of catastrophic genetic and physical events that could wipe out homogeneous communities with little genetic variation.
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What evidence of continental drift was found in Antarctica?
Answer:
Antarctica Bones
Explanation:
Antarctica Bones Give Evidence of Continental Drift By Philip J. Hilts March 21, 1982 Scientists have found bones of the first land mammal ever discovered in Antarctica, the dramatic and long-sought animal evidence to confirm the theory of continental drift.
How does sweat help you cool?
The body cools off when the perspiration evaporates, which is its principal function. The autonomic, or sympathetic, nerve systems control sweating.
This is so that your body can cool itself via sweating, which is based on the physics concept of "heat of vaporization." The energy required for perspiration to evaporate from your skin is heat. You start to cool down when the extra heat from your body is utilised to turn sweat droplets into vapor. Your hypothalamus boosts blood flow to the skin in response to rises in core cools body temperature, which also tells the body to start sweating.
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Which statement is true regarding action potentials?
a. The generation or creation of an action potential does not depend on the strength of the stimulus a neuron receives.
b. Action potentials travel slower in myelinated axons.
c. An action potential once started, cannot be stopped or negated.
An action potential once started, cannot be stopped or negated
The action potential is initiated by a stimulus beyond a certain intensity, known as the threshold stimulus. Beyond the threshold stimulus, the strength of the stimulus does not affect the amplitude of the impulse.
What is action potential ?A neuron transfers information away from the cell body through an axon, resulting in an action potential. For the action potential, neuroscientists sometimes use the terms "spike" or "impulse." A depolarizing current produces the action potential, which is a surge of electrical activity.
Action potentials, nerve impulses, or occasionally just spikes are terms used to describe these spike-like events. The primary events used by nerve cells to convey information from one location to another are action potentials.
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7. (04.01 mc) what type of receptor is described in the following paragraph? an electrical signal may be triggered by the diffusion of ions. this signal moves down the receiving cell. the neurotransmitter molecules that are released between two nerve cells bind to which of the following channels? (3 points)
The neurotransmitter released between two nerve cells binds to a ligand gated ion channel in the receptor cell.
An action potential is a rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane. When a neurotransmitter binds to the ligand gated ion channel, it triggers opening of the channel and causes inflow of sodium ions inside the neuron. This depolarizes the cell. Gradually, the action potential travels down the cell and reach the axon terminal. There, it causes release of neurotransmitter in pre-synaptic cleft. And the signal goes to next cell.
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which white blood cell differentiates into macrophages in the tissue?
For one to three days, monocytes circulate in the blood before migrating into bodily tissues, where they develop into macrophages.
Which kind of white blood cell may develop into a macrophage?One of the main subgroups of immune system's white blood cells, monocytes, differentiate into macrophages.
What white blood cell can develop into the a macrophage on tissues?a specific kind of immune cell that is produced in the bone marrow and circulates through the blood to bodily tissues where it develops into a macrophage or a dendritic cell.Macrophages encircle and kill bacteria, consume foreign substances, eliminate dead cells, and enhance immune responses.
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which pathogen attacks specific types of cells by attaching itself onto the cell, injecting genetic material into the cell, and then making copies of itself? bacterium parasite virus fungus
A virus assaults particular types of cells by adhering to the target cell, transferring genetic material into the target cell, and then duplicating itself.
What factor is crucial for a virus' adhesion to a host cell?These "lock-and-key" interactions, which are essential for viruses to successfully invade host cells, take the form of the viral attachment protein acting as the "key" that interacts with the "lock"—the receptor—on the cell surface to unlock host cells.
How can a virus get inside a cell?When a virus enters the body of its host, it moves along the cell surfaces until its proteins start to connect with receptors on the cells. The virus and the cells subsequently merge, allowing the virus' DNA or RNA to enter the cells.
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Which of the following would be an example of an infection initiated via the parenteral route?
An individual contracts hepatitis B from an accidental stick with a contaminated needle.
An individual contracts a gastrointestinal infection by consuming contaminated water.
An individual contracts gonorrhea as a result of unprotected sex.
An individual contracts a hookworm infection as a result of walking around outside barefoot.
An individual who contracts hepatitis B from an accidental stick with a contaminated needle is an example of an infection initiated via the parenteral route.
The process of gaining an infectious agent into one's body by a channel other than the gastrointestinal route is known as parenteral transmission. Generally, this phrase is used to distinguish pathogens that spread through enteric routes, such as fecal-oral and food- or water-borne illnesses. Parenteral transmission can occur through the respiratory system, circulation, urine, or vaginal tract, or even through more uncommon passageways like the eyes, ears, or umbilicus. In some disease transmission models, parenteral transmission is only possible through skin penetration. Subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous methods of delivery are examples of parenteral routes.
Hence, option A is suitable to answer.
The complete question is attached as an image.
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a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. what will happen to the plant cell?
A cell will gain volume if it is submerged in a hypotonic solution, as there will be a net flow of water into the cell. If there is a difference in solute concentration between the inside and outside of the cell and the solutes cannot cross the membrane, the solution is hypotonic to the cell.
Cell walls that are rigid enclose plant cells. Osmosis occurs when it is submerged in a hypotonic solution, which is a solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell. The cells begin to swell as water moves from the surrounding environment into them, but because of the rigid cell walls that keep the water from bursting, the cells remain intact and become turgid.
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drag the correct labels onto the nucleotides in the rna transcript. not all labels will be used.
The information contained in the DNA sequence of one or more genes is converted during transcription into a strand of RNA, also known as an RNA transcript. As a mobile molecular copy of the original DNA sequence, the resulting single-stranded RNA molecule functions as ribonucleotides with the bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U).
What is RNA?
All living cells contain ribonucleic acid, also known as RNA, a nucleic acid that resembles DNA in structure. But unlike DNA, RNA is typically single-stranded. As opposed to DNA's deoxyribose backbone, an RNA molecule's backbone is built up of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose. Adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), or guanine are the four bases that are joined to each sugar (G). Cells contain a variety of RNA forms, including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). Some RNAs also have a role in controlling how genes are expressed. RNA serves as certain viruses' genomic material.
The RNA product is nearly identical to the non-template DNA strand, also known as the sense strand, and complementary to the DNA template strand.
The main distinction is that all of the T nucleotides in RNA are changed to U nucleotides, which are integrated during RNA synthesis whenever an A is present in the adjacent antisense strand. RNA polymerases are enzymes that carry out transcription by joining nucleotides to create an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a template).
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what is the term for two circular dna molecules that differ only in the number of helical turns, also called linking number?
Topoisomers is the answer as two forms of a circular DNA that differ only in a topological property such as linking number.
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer consisting of two polynucleotide chains that form a double helix around one another (DNA). Genetic material included in all recognized creatures, including many viruses, is essential to their growth, development, function, and reproduction. DNA and ribonucleic acid are examples of nucleic acids (RNA). Along with proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates, nucleic acids are one of the four primary types of macromolecules required for all known forms of life (polysaccharides).
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oncogenes a. often regulate cell growth. b. all of the answers are correct. c. can be found in some viruses. d. have been found to be normal parts of cellular function. e. are mutated or dysregulated in cancer.
An oncogene is a gene that has undergone mutation and may be carcinogenic.
What part do oncogenes play?In addition to regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis, they also control cell development, differentiation, and proliferation. Oncogenes also produce chromatin remodelers, signal transducers, transcription factors, apoptotic regulators, growth factors, growth factor receptors, and signaling molecules.
Why do oncogenes become cancerous?Gene variations/mutations: In certain persons, there are variances in the 'coding' of their genes, which might lead to an oncogene that is constantly activated. These kinds of gene alterations can be inherited from a parent or they might happen spontaneously over a person's lifetime when a transcription error occurs during cell division.
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A recent discovery has suggested that a gene mutation results in several amino acid substitutions within an active site. The following substitutions have been identified and are each expected to properly fold and form the active site: Normal protein amino acids Valine Leucine Valine Substitutions Lysine Arginine Arginine Deleted and replaced with a coenzyme capable of covalent binding Histidine (note no mutation) Serine Histidine Aspartate Glutamate It was also noticed that a coenzyme molecule containing a hydroxyl (-OH) group binds to the mutated protein in approximately the same location as the original serine but does not alter the structure of the protein in any way. Based on your knowledge of amino acids, enzymes, and catalysis, which of the following is a REASONABLE conclusion? The mutant protein cleaves on the carboxy side of phenylalanine. b. The mutant protein cleaves peptide bonds on the carboxy side of glutamate or aspartate. The mutant protein cleaves peptide bonds on the carboxy side of lysine or arginine. d. The mutant protein functions identical to chymotrypsin. a. C.
Answer:the answer is A
Explanation:
use the figure to compare the quantity of carbon present in the atmosphere to that present in fossil fuels. what percent of the carbon in the fossil fuel compartment would double the amount of carbon in the atmosphere if it was burned?
When burned, 0.003% of the carbon in the fossil fuel compartment would cause a twofold increase in atmospheric carbon.
What is carbon used for?Coal, methane gas, and crude oil are all utilized as fuels (which is used to make gasoline). It is employed to create a variety of products, including plastic and metal alloys (a combination of carbon and iron). Even black ink for printers and painting is produced with it.
Why is carbon so important?All life on Earth depends on the atom carbon. Whether these life forms use charcoal to aid in food production or expel carbon through respiration, both intake and output of carbon are a constant.
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the primary function of the probe is to
the respondents to provide more detailed responses
What is the probe's primary purpose?A single-stranded DNA or RNA sequence used as a probe is one that is used to look because of its corresponding sequence inside a sample genome.In order for the probe's sequence t interbreed with its complementary strand, the sample and probe are in touch.
What is the probing quizlet's main purpose?The probe's main purpose is to prompt the reply to provide a more thorough response.Survey research is generally a suitable observational technique for... characterizing a population that is too big to observe directly.
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In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant and white flowers are recessive. To purple flower pea plants are crossed and produce 10 offspring. Seven of the offspring have purple flowers and three of the offspring have white flowers. Based on the offspring produced, what must be the genotypes of the purple flower parent plants?
The genotype of the purple flower parent plants would be heterozygous
Monohybrid crossingLet us assume that the dominant purple allele is A while the recessive white allele is a.
Two purple flowers were crossed to produce 10 offspring out of which 7 had purple flowers and 3 had white flowers. In other words, there is no chance that the two parents are homozygous purple.
In order to have a chance of producing white flower offspring, both purple flower parents must be heterozygous, Aa.
Crossing Aa and Aa:
Aa x Aa
AA Aa Aa aa
Phenotype ratio = 3 purple flower: 1 white flower
Even though the produced phenotype ratio in real life is 7:3, this is probably due to the limited population of offspring produced.
In other words, the two parents are heterozygous.
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the type of rna that helps in mrna splicing is made by rna polymerase ________.
The type of RNA that helps in MRNA splicing is made by RNA polymerase II.
What is RNA?
All biological cells contain the crucial biological macromolecule ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Why RNA is important?
It plays a major role in the production of proteins by acting as a messenger for DNA, which in turn carries the genetic instructions necessary for the growth and maintenance of life.
Where is RNA found?
The most prevalent type of RNA in cells is ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which accounts for around 50% of the ribosomes’ structure. Before migrating into the cytoplasm to join with proteins and create a ribosome, it is generated in the nucleus. The cytoplasm contains transfer RNA (tRNA), which has a convoluted form.
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Question 11
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a. the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b. the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c. the color of the nitrogen bases
d. the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
e. All of these
The order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule. The correct option to this question is B.
Purines (Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)) and pyrimidines (Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T)) are two kinds of nitrogenous bases found in DNA. Through a glycosidic link, these nitrogenous bases are joined to the C1' of deoxyribose. A nucleoside is a form of deoxyribose that is joined to a nitrogenous base.
The creation of nucleotides, which in turn create the nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, uses a set of five nitrogenous bases. The sequencing of these bases in DNA and RNA is how information is stored, making them of utmost importance.
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