The time value of money principle states that the value of money changes over time due to factors such as inflation and interest rates. It is a fundamental concept in finance.
The three underlying assumptions of the time value of money principle are:
1. Money has a time value: This assumption recognizes that money available today is worth more than the same amount of money in the future. This is because money can be invested to earn interest or used to purchase goods and services immediately.
2. Risk and uncertainty: The principle assumes that there is a level of risk associated with future cash flows. It acknowledges that there is uncertainty about receiving future cash flows, and this uncertainty affects the value of money.
3. Cash flows occur at discrete points in time: The principle assumes that cash flows happen at specific points in time, such as receiving a payment at the end of each year. This assumption allows for the calculation of the present value or future value of these cash flows.
In conclusion, the time value of money principle recognizes that money has a time value, considers risk and uncertainty, and assumes that cash flows occur at specific points in time.
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Which taxpayer(s) should file Schedule C (Form 1040) to report business actlvity? Albert. He and his brother own an unincorporated business together. They are both material participants. The business is a limited liability company under the laws of the state in which business is conducted. Brianna and her spouse, Chris. They are married and file a joint return. They are the only owners of a business in which they each materially participate. The business does not have limited liability status under state law. Brianna and Chris elect not to be treated as a partnership. hailing platfermm Paul and his sister Clara. They are the only owners of an unincorporated business in which they each materially participate. The business does not have limited liability status under state law
Albert, Brianna (and her spouse Chris), and Paul and Clara should file Schedule C (Form 1040) to report their business activity.
Schedule C (Form 1040) is used by taxpayers who operate a business as a sole proprietorship or as a single-member LLC. In the given scenarios, all three taxpayers meet the criteria for filing Schedule C.
Albert and his brother jointly own an unincorporated business. As material participants, they should file Schedule C to report their business activity.
Brianna and Chris, who are married and file a joint return, are the sole owners of a business in which they both materially participate. Even though their business does not have limited liability status under state law and they have elected not to be treated as a partnership, they should still file Schedule C.
Similarly, Paul and Clara, as the only owners of an unincorporated business, should file Schedule C since they both materially participate in the business, regardless of the business's limited liability status under state law.
In summary, all three scenarios involve taxpayers who meet the requirements for filing Schedule C to report their respective business activities.
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Acamki Company had $2,000 supplies at the beginning of 2018 and purchased $15,500 of supplies in 2018 . By the end of 2018,$5,800 of supplies were still on hand. The adjusting entry at the end of 2018 would include a: Select one: a. debit to Supplies Expense for $5,800 b. debit to Supplies Expense for $11,700 c. credit to Supplies for $5,800 d. debit to Supplies for $11,700
A negative of $11,700 for Supplies Expense would be included in the adjustment entry at the end of 2018.
According to the inquiry, Acamki Company had $2,000 worth of goods at the start of 2018 and spent $15,500 on supplies overall. So, the total amount of goods that might be used in 2018 would be: $2,000 + $15,000 = $17,500Supplies totaling $5,800 were still available at the end of 2018. The goods utilised in 2018 would thus cost: $17,500 - $5,800 = $11,700.The supplies utilised during the year are recorded in the adjustment entry made at the end of 2018. Given that the materials utilized in 2018 totaled $11,700, a $11,700 debit should be placed to the supplies expense account.
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What is break-even analysis? Although it is more common and widely used by for profit companies, why is it useful for nonprofits?
Break-even analysis is a financial tool used to determine the point at which a company or organization's total revenue equals its total expenses, resulting in zero profit or loss.
It is commonly used by for-profit companies to assess their profitability and make informed decisions.
However, break-even analysis is also useful for nonprofits, despite their focus on social impact rather than profit.
Here's why break-even analysis is valuable for nonprofits:
1. Financial Stability: Nonprofits need to ensure their expenses are covered by revenue sources such as donations and grants.
2. Fundraising Efforts: By analyzing the break-even point, nonprofits can set fundraising goals to cover their expenses.
3. Program Evaluation: Break-even analysis can help nonprofits assess the financial viability of their programs
4. Decision-Making: Nonprofits often face tough decisions regarding resource allocation, program expansion, or cost reduction.
In summary, break-even analysis is useful for nonprofits as it helps ensure financial stability, plan fundraising efforts, evaluate program viability, and facilitate informed decision-making. While their primary focus may not be profit, understanding break-even points allows nonprofits to operate efficiently and sustainably.
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How the closing entries differ between a company that uses perpetual and another company uses periodic inventory?
The closing entries in a company using perpetual inventory focus on temporary accounts, while in a company using periodic inventory, the closing entries involve adjustments to the inventory account and the cost of goods sold account.
The closing entries differ between a company that uses perpetual inventory and another company that uses periodic inventory.In a company that uses perpetual inventory, closing entries are not directly related to the inventory account. Instead, the closing entries focus on the temporary accounts, such as sales, cost of goods sold, and various expense accounts.
The purpose of these entries is to transfer the balances of these accounts to the permanent equity accounts and reset the temporary accounts to zero for the next accounting period.
The closing entries for revenue accounts involve debiting the revenue accounts and crediting the income summary account, while the closing entries for expense accounts involve debiting the income summary account and crediting the respective expense accounts.
On the other hand, in a company that uses periodic inventory, the closing entries involve the adjustment of the inventory account. The closing entry for the inventory account is necessary to update the inventory balance based on the physical count of inventory at the end of the accounting period.
The cost of goods sold account is also adjusted based on the change in the inventory balance, ensuring that the cost of goods sold reflects the actual inventory consumed during the period.
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You have been considering investing in Costar Group (NASDAQ:CSGP). You have decided to do a more thorough analysis of it. i) Provide an industry and company analysis for CSGP (see supplementary resources on Blackboard). You should consider the factors which influence CSGP's share price (e.g. key competitors, peers, industry influences, company business, key financial ratios). (15 marks) ii) Identify and discuss at least one benchmark that you have chosen to compare CSGP against. What considerations did you make in your choice of benchmark? Chart your choice of benchmark against CSGP's share price over the same period in Question 1 and compare the two graphically. (10 marks) iii) Valuation multiples are often used to compare companies quickly. Identify an appropriate valuation multiple/ratio and evaluate if CSGP is over, under or fairly valued. Explain the reasoning behind your choice of multiple that you utilised for your analysis. Are there any limitations of utilising multiples that you might need to consider?
i) An industry analysis for CSGP would involve examining the real estate information and analytics sector, including market trends, growth prospects, and competitive landscape.
ii) A benchmark comparison is essential to evaluate CSGP's performance and provide context.
iii) A valuation multiple/ratio is a commonly used tool, but it has limitations. Choosing the right multiple for analysis requires careful consideration.
Costar Group (CSGP) operates in the real estate information and analytics industry. Key factors influencing CSGP's share price include its competitors and peers, industry influences, the company's business model, and key financial ratios.
i) Key competitors and peers of CSGP may include Zillow Group, Redfin Corporation, and RE/MAX Holdings. Factors such as technology advancements, demand for real estate data, and regulatory changes can influence CSGP's share price. Financial ratios like price-to-earnings (P/E), price-to-sales (P/S), and return on equity (ROE) can provide insights into the company's financial performance and valuation.
ii) For benchmarking CSGP, an appropriate choice could be the Dow Jones U.S. Real Estate Index or a custom index consisting of shares CSGP's peers in the real estate information and analytics industry. Considerations in choosing a benchmark include similarity in business operations, size, growth prospects, and industry focus. Comparing the share price performance of CSGP against the benchmark over a specific period can reveal relative strength or weakness.
iii) An appropriate valuation multiple for CSGP could be the P/E ratio, which compares the company's stock price multiple/ratio to its earnings per share. By comparing CSGP's P/E ratio with that of its peers or the industry average, we can assess if the stock is overvalued, undervalued, or fairly valued. Limitations of using multiples include potential variations in accounting methods, industry-specific factors, and differences in growth prospects or risk profiles among companies. Therefore, additional analysis should be conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of CSGP's valuation.
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Discussion Question of the week: Borrowing Wisely
Borrowing markets are a double-edged sword. They can help you maximize the value you derive from your income, by allowing you to move your spending ability across time. But they also open you up to risk of overuse and expensive finance charges that could decrease your total spendable income over time; and if really misused and you mess up your credit history, close you off from certain consumption or investment opportunities in the future.
I imagine as a collective group we have experienced both sides of this sword, either directly or by observing others. For this board, share what you see as "best practices" when to comes to engaging in borrowing markets- things you should do and things you should not do. Base these on lessons learned, either positive or negative. And again, these can be based either on things you experienced, or observed others experience.
As always, only share what you feel comfortable sharing.
And for anyone that chooses not to engage in conventional borrowing markets for personal or religious reasons, how do you go about moving spending around in time. What special considerations, if any, do you need to make in your decisions when it comes to making of large purchase that others may typically finance in conventional borrowing markets.
When it comes to engaging in borrowing markets, it's important to follow some best practices to avoid pitfalls and make informed decisions:
Understand your needsResearch and compare optionsBudget and plan for repaymentMaintain a good credit historyFor those who choose not to engage in conventional borrowing markets, there are alternative strategies for managing spending over time:
SavingsDelayed gratificationLayaway plansAlternative financing optionsWhen it comes to engaging in borrowing markets, it's important to follow some best practices to avoid pitfalls and make informed decisions:
1. Understand your needs: Borrowing should be driven by a genuine need rather than impulse or excessive consumption. Assess your financial situation and prioritize your needs before considering borrowing.
2. Research and compare options: Take the time to research and compare different borrowing options, such as interest rates, terms, and fees. This will help you choose the most suitable option with favorable terms.
3. Budget and plan for repayment: Before borrowing, create a budget that includes repayment of the borrowed amount. Ensure you have a clear understanding of the monthly repayment obligations and how they fit into your overall financial plan.
4. Maintain a good credit history: Building and maintaining a good credit history is crucial for accessing favorable borrowing terms. Pay your bills on time, manage your debts responsibly, and monitor your credit report regularly.
For those who choose not to engage in conventional borrowing markets, there are alternative strategies for managing spending over time:
1. Savings: Prioritize saving money over time to fund future expenses. Set aside a portion of your income regularly in a savings account or other investment vehicles to accumulate the necessary funds.
2. Delayed gratification: Practice patience and delayed gratification by postponing large purchases until you can afford them outright. This approach avoids incurring debt and interest charges.
3. Layaway plans: Some retailers offer layaway plans where you can pay for an item over time and take possession once fully paid. This allows you to spread out payments without incurring interest charges.
4. Alternative financing options: Explore alternative financing options such as interest-free instalment plans or borrowing from family and friends, if available and suitable.
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skill acquisition plans have goals that are broken down into
Skill acquisition plans typically have goals that are broken down into smaller, more manageable objectives.
These objectives serve as milestones that help individuals track their progress and stay motivated throughout the learning process. Breaking down goals into smaller objectives allows for a more systematic approach to skill development. It enables learners to focus on specific areas or tasks that contribute to the overall goal, making it easier to measure and assess their proficiency. Moreover, by breaking down goals, learners can identify any knowledge or skill gaps that need to be addressed, allowing for a more targeted and effective learning experience.
This approach also enhances the learning experience by providing a sense of accomplishment when each objective is achieved, boosting confidence and encouraging further progress. Overall, breaking down goals into smaller objectives is a fundamental aspect of skill acquisition plans, ensuring a structured and successful learning journey.
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Your next job application could require a social media background check. It's new form of background check that has been gaining traction. What are your thoughts pertaining this type of background check?
Social media background checks can provide employers with additional insights, but they should be used responsibly and ethically. It's important to consider privacy, relevance, and avoid bias.
These checks can be valuable in assessing professionalism and cultural fit, but clear communication and transparency are crucial to ensure fairness. In the digital age, social media has become a prominent platform for personal expression and communication. As a result, employers are increasingly turning to social media background checks to gain a deeper understanding of job candidates. While this can provide valuable information beyond what is available on a resume or during interviews, it also raises concerns about privacy and potential biases. When conducting social media background checks, employers should prioritize relevant and job-related information. They should focus on assessing a candidate's professional conduct, communication skills, and overall online presence in relation to the requirements of the role. It is essential to avoid discriminatory practices and adhere to legal regulations. Transparency is crucial in this process. Employers should inform candidates that social media screening may be conducted, clearly communicate the purpose and scope of the check, and obtain consent where necessary. Additionally, they should establish guidelines to ensure fair and consistent evaluation of candidates and be mindful of the potential impact of personal biases.
Job applicants should also be aware of their digital footprint and proactively manage their online presence. They can take steps to review their privacy settings, remove or adjust any content that may be deemed unprofessional, and present themselves in a way that aligns with their desired professional image. Overall, while social media background checks can offer valuable insights, it is essential to strike a balance between gathering relevant information and respecting individuals' privacy rights. Responsible and ethical use of this type of background check can contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of job candidates, enabling employers to make informed hiring decisions.
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Question Content Area On the first day of the fiscal year, a company issues a $806,000, 8%, 10-year bond that pays semiannual interest of $32,240 ($806,000 x 8% x 1/2), receiving cash of $846,300. Journalize the entry to record the first interest payment and amortization of premium using the straight-line method.
interest expense
premium on bond portable
cash
This entry reflects the payment of $32,240 in interest expense, the amortization of $20,315 in premium, and the actual cash payment of $52,555.
To journalize the entry to record the first interest payment and amortization of premium using the straight-line method, we need to consider the following accounts:
1. Interest Expense: This account represents the cost of borrowing money and needs to be debited.
2. Premium on Bond Payable:
This account represents the excess amount received over the face value of the bond and needs to be amortized. It will be credited.
3. Cash: This account represents the actual cash received and needs to be debited.
The semiannual interest payment is $32,240.
Since the bond is for 10 years, there will be a total of 20 interest payments.
Therefore, the annual amortization of premium will be $40,630 ($806,000 x 8% x 1/2) and the semiannual amortization will be $20,315 ($40,630 / 2).
The journal entry to record the first interest payment and amortization of premium using the straight-line method would be as follows:
Debit: Interest Expense ($32,240)
Debit: Premium on Bond Payable ($20,315)
Credit: Cash ($52,555)
This entry reflects the payment of $32,240 in interest expense, the amortization of $20,315 in premium, and the actual cash payment of $52,555.
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What is most likely to reveal a market opportunity for a specific product application? group of answer choices
The most likely to reveal a market opportunity for a specific product application is the degree of customer demand.
In the subject of scientific sales, customer demand or consumer demand often refers to the problem customers need to solve or the objective that they want to achieve. Customer demand in marketing refers to the need for a specific product and can be satisfied by purchasing power (also known as "want").
The primary distinction between consumer demand and customer need or want is that demand must be capable of being met by purchasing power. The degree of consumer demand is the most likely to identify a market potential for a certain product application.
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what role do think "Nominal Tax Rates" will play when it comes to examining tax loopholes in tax legislation in the United States (50 words or more)
What is "Tax Incidence" and what role does it play in Microeconomics? (50 words or more)
What is "Tax Incidence" and what role does it play in Microeconomics? (50 words or more)
Nominal tax rates are the initial tax rates specified by the government. When examining tax loopholes in tax legislation in the United States, nominal tax rates play an important role. In this case, they are used as a point of reference for individuals to identify whether a tax loophole exists or not.
The nominal tax rate will show whether a specific tax is being avoided, postponed or reduced. Thus, nominal tax rates play a crucial role in examining tax loopholes.
Tax incidence is the economic term used to describe the tax burden that is imposed on a group or an individual. Tax incidence plays a major role in microeconomics as it involves analyzing how the tax burden will be shared between the buyer and seller. When a tax is imposed, there is a shift in the demand and supply curve. This shift will cause the prices to either increase or decrease. The tax incidence can either be borne by the buyer, seller, or both parties. Hence, tax incidence plays a critical role in determining the distribution of the tax burden between the buyer and seller.
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Sebastian Company purchased equipment for $12,800 on January 1. It is estimated that annual depreciation on the equipment will be $2,556. If financial statements are to be prepared on January 31, the company should make the following adjusting entry
DR: Accumulated Depreciation – Equipment $2,556; CR: Depreciation Expense $2,556
DR: Depreciation Expense $2,556; CR: Accumulated Depreciation – Equipment $2,556
DR: Depreciation Expense $213; CR: Accumulated Depreciation – Equipment $213
DR: Equipment $12,800; CR: Cash $12,800
Adjusting entry ensures that the financial statements accurately reflect the decrease in the value of the equipment due to depreciation.
The correct adjusting entry for the company to make on January 31 is:
DR: Depreciation Expense $213; CR: Accumulated Depreciation – Equipment $213.
This entry is made to account for the depreciation expense incurred during the month of January. The estimated annual depreciation on the equipment is $2,556, which means the monthly depreciation expense is $2,556 / 12 = $213.
Depreciation expense is an expense account that represents the decrease in value of the equipment over time. Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment is a contra-asset account that keeps track of the total amount of depreciation expense that has been recorded over the life of the equipment.
By debiting Depreciation Expense for $213, we are recognizing the expense for the month. By crediting Accumulated Depreciation - Equipment for the same amount, we are increasing the balance of this account, reflecting the total accumulated depreciation up to this point. This adjusting entry ensures that the financial statements accurately reflect the decrease in the value of the equipment due to depreciation.
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At 6.00 percent interest, how long does it take to double your money? (Enter rounded answer as directed, but do not use rounded numbers in intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places (e.g., 32.16).) Requirement 2: At 6.00 percent interest, how long does it take to quadruple your money? (Enter rounded answer as directed, but do not use rounded numbers in intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places (e.g., 32.16).)
For an interest rate of 6.00 percent, you would divide 72 by 6.00 to get 12. This means it would take approximately 12 years to double your money at a 6.00 percent interest rate.
To find out how long it takes to double your money at a 6.00 percent interest rate, you can use the Rule of 72. The Rule of 72 states that you can divide 72 by the interest rate to estimate the number of years it will take for an investment to double.
Similarly, to find out how long it takes to quadruple your money at a 6.00 percent interest rate, you can use the same Rule of 72. In this case, you would divide 72 by 6.00 to get 12. It would take approximately 12 years to quadruple your money at a 6.00 percent interest rate.
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Briefly explain the role of rating agencies in direct financing. Explain why rating agencies may face conflict of interest in fulfilling this role.
Rating agencies play a crucial role in direct financing by assessing the creditworthiness and risk associated with various financial instruments, such as bonds or debt securities. Their primary function is to provide independent opinions on the credit quality of issuers and the likelihood of timely repayment of principal and interest.
The role of rating agencies includes conducting extensive research and analysis of the issuer's financial health, industry dynamics, and economic conditions to assign credit ratings.
These ratings reflect the agency's evaluation of the issuer's ability to meet its financial obligations. Investors and market participants rely on these ratings to make informed investment decisions and assess the relative risk of different securities.
However, rating agencies may face conflicts of interest in fulfilling their role. One significant conflict arises from their business model, where the issuers themselves pay the agencies for rating their securities. This creates a potential conflict as the agencies may be inclined to provide favorable ratings to attract more business from issuers. The agencies' financial dependence on issuers for revenue can undermine their independence and objectivity in assigning ratings.
Additionally, rating agencies may face pressure from issuers to maintain favorable ratings to avoid negative market reactions or increased borrowing costs. The fear of losing issuer clients or potential lawsuits can influence the agencies' judgment and lead to potential biases in the rating process.
The conflict of interest faced by rating agencies came under scrutiny during the global financial crisis of 2008 when certain complex financial instruments, like mortgage-backed securities, received high ratings despite their underlying risks. This highlighted the need for enhanced regulation and oversight of rating agencies to mitigate conflicts of interest and promote more accurate and reliable credit assessments.
To address these concerns, regulatory reforms have been implemented, such as the Dodd-Frank Act in the United States, to improve the accountability, transparency, and independence of rating agencies. These measures aim to enhance the credibility and integrity of the rating process and minimize the potential conflicts that may arise.
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You decide you need to purchase a reliable car to get you to class at UT Tyler. Because you are a student you are only able to spend $15,000 with the intent to trade it in 5 years from now. At the end of 5 years, the car will have a salvage value of $7,500. What is the annual straight-line depreciation? What is the book value of the car at the end of years 1,2,3,4, and 5 ? Using the sum of the year digits approach, calculate the book value of your vehicle at the end of years 1,2,3,4, and 5. Using the modified accelerated cost recovery system approach, calculate the book value of your vehicle at the end of years 1,2,3,4, and 5 . You may assume a 10 year recovery period.
The annual straight-line depreciation for the car is ($15,000 - $7,500) / 5 = $1,500.
The book value of the car at the end of each year using the straight-line depreciation method is as follows:
Year 1: $15,000 - $1,500 = $13,500
Year 2: $13,500 - $1,500 = $12,000
Year 3: $12,000 - $1,500 = $10,500
Year 4: $10,500 - $1,500 = $9,000
Year 5: $9,000 - $1,500 = $7,500
Using the sum of the year digits approach, the book value of the car at the end of each year is calculated based on the sum of the digits (5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15):
Year 1: $15,000 - ($15,000 - $7,500) * (5/15) = $12,500
Year 2: $15,000 - ($15,000 - $7,500) * (4/15) = $10,000
Year 3: $15,000 - ($15,000 - $7,500) * (3/15) = $7,500
Year 4: $15,000 - ($15,000 - $7,500) * (2/15) = $5,000
Year 5: $15,000 - ($15,000 - $7,500) * (1/15) = $2,500
Using the modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS) approach with a 10-year recovery period, assuming a straight-line method, the book value of the car at the end of each year is as follows:
Year 1: $15,000 * (1 - (1/10)) = $13,500
Year 2: $13,500 * (1 - (1/10)) = $12,150
Year 3: $12,150 * (1 - (1/10)) = $10,935
Year 4: $10,935 * (1 - (1/10)) = $9,842.50
Year 5: $9,842.50 * (1 - (1/10)) = $8,858.25
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sarah a widow is retired and recieves $20,000 interest income and dividends and $10,000 in social security benefits. what amount of sarahs social security benefits are taxable Sarah.a widow.is retired and receives $20.000 interest income and dividends and $10.000 in Social Security benefits.What amount of Sarah's Social Security benefi are taxable?
$8,500 of Sarah's Social Security benefits would be taxable based on the given information and assumptions.
The taxability of Social Security benefits depends on the taxpayer's income level. To determine the taxable amount of Sarah's Social Security benefits, we need to calculate her provisional income, which is used in the income-based formula.
Provisional income is calculated as follows:
Provisional Income = Adjusted Gross Income + Nontaxable Interest + 50% of Social Security Benefits
In this case, we know Sarah's Social Security benefits are $10,000. However, we don't have information about her adjusted gross income or nontaxable interest.
Let's assume her adjusted gross income is $30,000 and there is no nontaxable interest.
Using the given figures and assumptions, we can calculate Sarah's provisional income:
Provisional Income = $30,000 (Adjusted Gross Income) + $0 (Nontaxable Interest) + 50% * $10,000 (Social Security Benefits)
= $30,000 + $0 + $5,000
= $35,000
Now that we have Sarah's provisional income, we can determine the taxable amount of her Social Security benefits. T
he following thresholds are used to determine the taxability:
If provisional income is below $25,000 (for single filers), Social Security benefits are not taxable.
If provisional income is between $25,000 and $34,000, up to 50% of Social Security benefits may be taxable.
If provisional income exceeds $34,000, up to 85% of Social Security benefits may be taxable.
In Sarah's case, her provisional income of $35,000 exceeds the threshold of $34,000. Therefore, up to 85% of her Social Security benefits may be taxable.
To calculate the taxable amount, we multiply her Social Security benefits by 85%:
Taxable Social Security Benefits = 85% * $10,000 (Social Security Benefits)
= $8,500
Therefore, $8,500 of Sarah's Social Security benefits would be taxable based on the given information and assumptions.
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You are the manager at a leading Trucking Company (GSF) in KZN. One of your diesel suppliers (RBI) has failed to deliver as arranged. This has resulted in you being unable to meet your delivery deadlines and have now lost a few major customers. Write a letter to the manager of RBI describing your dissatisfaction with their service. Word count: 150 – 200 words
The lack of communication and failure to provide an alternative solution or timeline for the delivery of the fuel has exacerbated the situation.
Dear Manager of RBI,
I am writing to express my deep dissatisfaction with the recent service failure from your diesel supply company, which has had severe consequences for our operations at GSF Trucking in KwaZulu-Natal. As a leading trucking company, we have relied on RBI as one of our primary suppliers for diesel fuel. However, your failure to deliver as arranged has resulted in significant disruptions to our business and has caused us to lose several major customers.
The inability to meet our delivery deadlines due to the non-availability of diesel has had a direct impact on our ability to fulfill our contractual obligations. This has led to delays in shipments, which in turn has tarnished our reputation and resulted in the loss of key clients. As a result, we have not only suffered financial losses but also experienced a decline in customer trust and confidence in our services.
We understand that unforeseen circumstances can occasionally disrupt supply chains. However, the lack of communication and failure to provide an alternative solution or timeline for the delivery of the fuel has exacerbated the situation. We expected better from RBI, considering our long-standing business relationship.
We urgently request a meeting to discuss this matter and find a solution that can help us regain our customers' trust and confidence. We expect RBI to take responsibility for the consequences of this service failure and provide appropriate compensation for the losses incurred.
We look forward to your prompt response and a swift resolution to this issue.
Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]
Manager, GSF Trucking
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Match the example of the supply chain strategy to the scope of supply chain strategy! A manager determining job scheduling for today's first shift. A VP analyzes forecasts and believes that next fiscal year, a car company will see approximately 500,000 orders. A requisitioner realizes that over the next two months, 20,000 units will be produced and determines when the raw materials need to be ordered.
To summarize, the manager determining job scheduling is at the operational level, the VP analyzing forecasts is at the strategic level, and the requisitioner determining raw material ordering is at the tactical level of supply chain strategy.
In the context of supply chain strategy, let's match the examples to their corresponding scope:
1. A manager determining job scheduling for today's first shift: This example falls under the operational level of supply chain strategy. It involves making immediate decisions to efficiently manage resources and ensure smooth operations for the current shift.
2. A VP analyzes forecasts and believes that next fiscal year, a car company will see approximately 500,000 orders: This example relates to the strategic level of supply chain strategy. The VP is analyzing long-term forecasts to make decisions regarding capacity planning, production capacity, and distribution channels for the next fiscal year.
3. A requisitioner realizes that over the next two months, 20,000 units will be produced and determines when the raw materials need to be ordered: This example fits within the tactical level of supply chain strategy. The requisitioner is considering medium-term planning by analyzing production needs and coordinating the procurement of raw materials to meet the production requirements.
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You want to start saving for your child’s college tuition. But you are a poor grad student / teaching assistant. Once you graduate you promise to start saving. If today (2022) is year 0, you will begin saving $18,000 per year, three years from now (first deposit in 2025). You will save for a total of 16 years (2040). In 2037, your child will make withdrawals from the account for a total of 4 years (2037-2040). The 2037 withdrawn amount will be $50,000 and each year the withdrawn amount will increase by 10%. Your child will let the remaining money sit in a savings account for another 30 years with a planned withdrawal at the end of 2070. Interest rates are expected to be 3% forever. How much will be in this account in 2070? Note that all deposits and withdrawals are done only in September of each year (including the final end 2070 withdrawal)!
The amount in the account in 2070 will be $1,432,152.99.
For this problem,P = $18,000 r = 0.03/12 since the rate is per year and we are compounding monthly. n = 12 (for monthly compounding) t = 16 yearsFV for the above investment at the end of 2040, will be:PV (Present Value) = 18000* [(1 + 0.03/12)^(12*3 -1)] * (1 + 0.03/12 - 1) / (0.03/12) = $221,703.47FV (Future Value) = PV * (1 + 0.03/12)^(12*16) = $696,329.13The withdrawn amount starting from 2037 for 4 years with an increase of 10% each year = $50,000, $55,000, $60,500, and $66,550.
Present value of withdrawals (in 2037) = $50,000 / (1 + 0.03)^15 = $33,408.26 Present value of withdrawals (in 2038) = $55,000 / (1 + 0.03)^16 = $35,280.20 Present value of withdrawals (in 2039) = $60,500 / (1 + 0.03)^17 = $37,283.75Present value of withdrawals (in 2040) = $66,550 / (1 + 0.03)^18 = $39,424.26 So, total present value of withdrawals = $33,408.26 + $35,280.20 + $37,283.75 + $39,424.26 = $145,396.47 Now, calculate the Future value of this amount in 2070 = $145,396.47 * (1 + 0.03)^33 = $503,644.47 The remaining money will sit in the account for 30 years.
Thus,FV = $503,644.47 * (1 + 0.03)^30 = $1,432,152.99 Therefore, the amount in the account in 2070 will be $1,432,152.99.
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Silver Farms Inc., is expecting the following cash flows starting at the end of the year: $6,595,$171,430,$85,795 If their opportunity cost is 4%, find the present value of these cash flows.
∗∗∗
Round to the nearest two decimals if needed. Do not type the $ symbol.
The present value of the cash flows for Silver Farms Inc. is $243,821.59, considering an opportunity cost or discount rate of 4%.
To find the present value of the cash flows, we need to discount each cash flow by the opportunity cost or the discount rate of 4%. The present value (PV) can be calculated using the formula:
PV = CF1 / (1 + r) + CF2 / (1 + r)^2 + CF3 / (1 + r)^3
Where CF1, CF2, and CF3 are the cash flows at the end of each year and r is the discount rate.
Let's calculate the present value:
PV = $6,595 / (1 + 0.04)^1 + $171,430 / (1 + 0.04)^2 + $85,795 / (1 + 0.04)^3
PV = $6,339.42 + $157,919.70 + $79,562.47
PV = $243,821.59
Therefore, the present value of the cash flows is $243,821.59.
Note: Rounding may be required depending on the desired level of precision, but in this case, no rounding was specified.
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Financing Decisions (20 marks) Crawford Enterprises, a leading supplier of metal fabrication equipment used in the farm tractor industry, plans to launch a new generation product line. The company currently has outstanding 300,000 shares priced at $120 a share. The CFO proposes to make a rights issue at $30 of one new share for each two shares held to finance this strategic marketing measure. Assuming that the new money is invested to earn a fair return, give values for the following:
4.1 Number of new shares.
4.2 Amount of new investment.
4.3 Total value of company after issue.
4.4 Total number of shares after issue.
4.5 Stock price after the issue.
The values for the given scenarios are as follows:4.1 Number of new shares: 150,000,(4.2) Amount of new investment: $4,500,000,(4.3) Total value of company after issue: $45,000,000,(4.4) Total number of shares after issue: 450,000,(4.5) Stock price after the issue: $100
To determine the values, we need to consider the proposed rights issue. The CFO suggests issuing one new share for each two shares held, at a price of $30 per new share. Since the company currently has 300,000 outstanding shares, the number of new shares will be half of that, resulting in 150,000 new shares (4.1). The amount of new investment can be calculated by multiplying the number of new shares by the price per share, which gives us $4,500,000 (4.2).
The total value of the company after the issue is the sum of the current market value of outstanding shares and the new investment, which amounts to $45,000,000 (4.3). The total number of shares after the issue is the sum of the existing shares and the new shares, resulting in 450,000 shares (4.4).
Finally, to calculate the stock price after the issue, we divide the total value of the company after the issue by the total number of shares, which gives us $100 (4.5). This indicates the new stock price per share after the rights issue.
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The following are transactions recorded by Grouper Corporation during the current year. 1. Ordinary operating maintenance on equipment was recordeff as follows: Equipment
Accounts Paryable
3,150
3,150
2. Grouper received an advance on a custom order for merchandise that will be shipped during the next accounting year. Cash 6700 Sales Revenue 6.700 3. Grouper is holding inventory on consignment for Rubber titd. Grouper will onty pay Rubber when a sale is made to a customer. Grouper made the following entry when it received the imentory: 3. Grouper is holding inventory on consignment for Rubber Ltd. Grouper will only pay Rubber when a sale is made to a customer. Grouper made the following entry when it received the inventory: 4. On the last day of the accounting period, a 12-month insurance policy was purchased. The insurance coverage is for the hext accounting year, 5,760 Cash 5.760 (a2) For each transaction, if there was a violation of component of the conceptual framework (that is, qualitative characteristicielement,of For each transaction, if there was a violation of component of the conceptual framework (that is, qualitative characteristic, element, o principle) if any, give the correct journal entry that should havedeen initially recorded, (List all debit entrles before credit entries. Ondit occount titles are outomatically indented when the amount is entered, Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No entry" for the occount tiles and enter 0 for the amounts) 1. 2. 3. 4.
The correct journal entry for holding inventory on consignment should be recorded based on the specific details of the transaction.
Transaction: Ordinary operating maintenance on equipment was recorded as follows:
Equipment $3,150
Accounts Payable $3,150
No violation of the conceptual framework is observed in this transaction. The journal entry is recorded correctly.
Transaction: Grouper received an advance on a custom order for merchandise that will be shipped during the next accounting year.
Cash $6,700
Sales Revenue $6,700
No violation of the conceptual framework is observed in this transaction. The journal entry is recorded correctly.
Transaction: Grouper is holding inventory on consignment for Rubber Ltd. Grouper made the following entry when it received the inventory:
No entry is provided for this transaction, so we assume it was recorded correctly. However, we should record the entry for holding inventory on consignment:
Consignment Inventory $X
Inventory $X
This entry reflects the transfer of inventory from Grouper to the consignment arrangement. The specific amounts should be filled in based on the details of the transaction.
Transaction: On the last day of the accounting period, a 12-month insurance policy was purchased. The insurance coverage is for the next accounting year.
Cash $5,760
Prepaid Insurance $5,760
No violation of the conceptual framework is observed in this transaction. The journal entry is recorded correctly.
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The Morrit Corporation has $480,000 of debt outstanding, and it pays an interest rate of 8% annually. Morrit's annual sales are $3 million, its average tax rate is 25%, and its net profit margin on sales is 4%. If the company does not maintain a TIE ratio of at least 4 to 1, then its bank will refuse to renew the loan, and bankruptcy will result. What is Morrit's TIE ratio? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.
Morrit's TIE ratio is an important measure of the company's ability to cover its interest expense. In this case, the TIE ratio is approximately 3.13, which is below the minimum requirement of 4 to 1 set by the company's bank. This means that Morrit's bank may refuse to renew the loan, and bankruptcy could result. It is crucial for Morrit to improve its TIE ratio to maintain a healthy financial position.
The TIE ratio, also known as the Times Interest Earned ratio, measures a company's ability to cover its interest expense with its operating income. To calculate the TIE ratio, we need to divide the company's earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) by its interest expense.
In this case, we are given the following information:
- The Morrit Corporation has $480,000 of debt outstanding.
- It pays an interest rate of 8% annually.
- Morrit's annual sales are $3 million.
- Its average tax rate is 25%.
- Its net profit margin on sales is 4%.
To calculate the TIE ratio, we need to determine the EBIT and the interest expense.
1. Calculate the EBIT:
EBIT is calculated as the net profit before subtracting interest and taxes. We can find it using the following formula:
EBIT = Net Profit / (1 - Tax Rate)
Given that the net profit margin on sales is 4% and the average tax rate is 25%, we can calculate the EBIT as follows:
EBIT = 0.04 * $3,000,000 / (1 - 0.25)
2. Calculate the interest expense:
The interest expense is the product of the debt outstanding and the interest rate. In this case, the interest expense is:
Interest Expense = $480,000 * 0.08
3. Calculate the TIE ratio:
Finally, we can calculate the TIE ratio by dividing the EBIT by the interest expense:
TIE Ratio = EBIT / Interest Expense
Now, let's calculate the TIE ratio using the provided values:
Explanation:
1. Calculate EBIT:
EBIT = 0.04 * $3,000,000 / (1 - 0.25) = $120,000
2. Calculate interest expense:
Interest Expense = $480,000 * 0.08 = $38,400
3. Calculate TIE ratio:
TIE Ratio = EBIT / Interest Expense = $120,000 / $38,400
Using the above calculations, we find that Morrit's TIE ratio is approximately 3.13.
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university members are required to submit financial disclosures using the university’s designated system.
The assertion is partly true that university individuals are expected to submit monetary revelations utilizing the university's assigned framework.
Overall. explicit approaches and prerequisites might shift relying upon the university. Generally speaking, colleges really do require their individuals, like personnel, staff, or analysts, to submit monetary divulgences. These exposures are intended to recognize any likely irreconcilable circumstances or monetary connections that could think twice about person's objectivity, honesty, or freedom in their college related exercises.
In any case, it is vital for note that strategies and methodology with respect to monetary exposures can change between colleges. A few foundations might have an assigned framework or stage for presenting these revelations, while others might utilize various techniques, for example, paper structures or email entries.
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Your question is incomplete, probably the complete question is-
University members are required to submit financial disclosures using the university’s designated system. true or false?
The spot price of the market index is $900. The annual rate of interest on treasuries is 2.4%
(0.2%
per month). After 3 months the market index is priced at $920. An investor has a long call
option on the index at a strike price of $930. What profit or loss will the writer of the call option
earn if the option premium is 2.00?
The writer of the call option will earn a profit of $2.00, regardless of whether the market index price is above or below the strike price. The option premium remains the profit for the writer in both scenarios.
The profit or loss earned by the writer of the call option, we need to consider the option premium and the final value of the market index.
Spot price of the market index = $900
Annual interest rate on treasuries = 2.4% (0.2% per month)
After 3 months, market index price = $920
Strike price of the call option = $930
Option premium = $2.00
First, let's calculate the effective interest rate for 3 months:
Effective interest rate = (1 + monthly interest rate)^number of months - 1
Effective interest rate = (1 + 0.002)^3 - 1 ≈ 0.006006 or 0.6006%
The profit or loss, we need to compare the strike price of the call option with the final value of the market index.
1. If the market index price is below the strike price ($930) at expiration:
The call option is out of the money, and the writer retains the option premium as profit. In this case, the profit earned by the writer is $2.00.
2. If the market index price is above the strike price ($930) at expiration:
The call option is in the money, and the writer will need to pay the buyer the difference between the market index price and the strike price. However, since the market index price ($920) is still below the strike price, there is no additional payment required. The writer retains the option premium as profit. Therefore, the profit earned by the writer is $2.00.
In both cases, the writer of the call option earns a profit of $2.00.
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A company manufactures two products, P and P2. Each product must be processed either by machine Mi or by machine M2. The goal is to process 20 units of product Pi and 30 units of product P2 within 450 minutes, at minimum cost. The processing time and the processing cost of one unit of each product at each machine are shown in the tables below: М P15 min 10 min P325 min 20 min М. М2 М> 7 Р. 12 15 Table 2: Processing costs per unit Table 1: Processing times per unit Machine M2 should be used for at least as much time as machine Mj. We assume that both machines can process one unit at a time, and that they can work independently and in parallel (a) Formulate the optimization problem decision variables, the objective function, the constraints as a linear programming problem. Clearly define the (b) Use either MATLAB or Excel to solve the problem. Print a copy of your spreadsheet/script
The objective is to minimize the total cost. The function is: Minimize: 10x1 + 20x2 + 15y1 + 25y2
(a) To formulate the optimization problem as a linear programming problem, we need to define the decision variables, the objective function, and the constraints.
Decision Variables:
Let x1 be the number of units of product P1 processed by machine M1.
Let x2 be the number of units of product P1 processed by machine M2.
Let y1 be the number of units of product P2 processed by machine M1.
Let y2 be the number of units of product P2 processed by machine M2.
Objective Function:
The objective is to minimize the total cost.
the objective function is:
Minimize: 10x1 + 20x2 + 15y1 + 25y2
Constraints:
1. Processing time constraint for product P1: 15x1 + 10x2 ≤ 450
2. Processing time constraint for product P2: 25y1 + 20y2 ≤ 450
3. Production quantity constraint for product P1: x1 + x2 = 20
4. Production quantity constraint for product P2: y1 + y2 = 30
5. Machine M2 should be used for at least as much time as machine M1: x2 + y2 ≥ x1 + y1
(b) You can set up a spreadsheet or script with the decision variables, objective function, and constraints.
However, as a text-based AI, I am unable to provide a copy of the spreadsheet or script. I recommend using the software of your choice to set up the optimization problem and solve it using the appropriate linear programming solver function or tool.
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Calculate the NJ tax liability for the following workers. Use 1.5% for the state income tax withheld.
Ava - $235
Bea - $365
Sal - $425
Vera - $575.
Eric - $625.
the New Jersey tax liabilities for each worker are as follows:
Ava: $3.53 Bea: $5.48 Sal: $6.38
Vera: $8.63 Eric: $9.38
To calculate the New Jersey tax liability for the given workers, we will multiply their respective incomes by the state income tax rate of 1.5%. The calculations are as follows:
1. Ava:
Tax liability = $235 * 0.015 = $3.525 (rounded to $3.53)
2. Bea:
Tax liability = $365 * 0.015 = $5.475 (rounded to $5.48)
3. Sal:
Tax liability = $425 * 0.015 = $6.375 (rounded to $6.38)
4. Vera:
Tax liability = $575 * 0.015 = $8.625 (rounded to $8.63)
5. Eric:
Tax liability = $625 * 0.015 = $9.375 (rounded to $9.38)
Therefore, the New Jersey tax liabilities for each worker are as follows:
Ava: $3.53
Bea: $5.48
Sal: $6.38
Vera: $8.63
Eric: $9.38
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1- Write An Adjusment Letter In Which You Will Respond To The Complaint Addressed By A Customer In His Complaint Letter Below:
Upon careful examination of your complaint, we acknowledge that there was an error in [Specify the nature of the error or issue]. Please accept our sincere apologies for any inconvenience caused to you.
[Your Name]
[Your Address]
[City, State, ZIP Code]
[Date]
[Customer's Name]
[Customer's Address]
[City, State, ZIP Code]
Subject: Response to your complaint letter
Dear [Customer's Name],
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing in response to your recent complaint letter dated [Date of Customer's Complaint], in which you expressed your dissatisfaction regarding [Nature of Complaint]. I would like to assure you that your concerns have been taken seriously, and we have thoroughly investigated the matter to provide you with a fair resolution.
Upon careful examination of your complaint, we acknowledge that there was an error in [Specify the nature of the error or issue]. Please accept our sincere apologies for any inconvenience caused to you. We value your patronage and want to ensure that you have a positive experience with our company.
To rectify the situation, we have conducted a thorough review of your account and the associated records. After a detailed analysis, we have identified the source of the error. It appears that the mistake occurred during the invoicing process, resulting in an overcharge of [Specify the amount or relevant details].
In light of this, we have recalculated your account balance and made the necessary adjustments. Please find enclosed a revised invoice reflecting the corrected amount owed. Furthermore, we have taken steps to address the internal issue that led to this error to prevent any recurrence in the future.
We deeply regret any inconvenience or frustration this situation may have caused you. Customer satisfaction is of utmost importance to us, and we take all feedback seriously to improve our services. As a token of our apology, we have credited your account with [Specify any applicable compensation or goodwill gesture]. We hope that this compensation demonstrates our commitment to resolving the matter to your satisfaction.
Should you have any further questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact our customer service department at [Customer Service Phone Number] or by email at [Customer Service Email Address]. Our dedicated team is available to assist you and address any additional issues you may have.
We genuinely appreciate your business and the opportunity to make things right. We value you as our customer and hope that you will give us another chance to serve you better in the future.
Thank you for bringing this matter to our attention, and we look forward to resolving it promptly.
Yours sincerely,
[Your Name]
[Your Designation]
[Company Name]
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Identify whether each the following transactions is a primary market or a secondary market transaction:
Jim Henry bought 300 shares of I.B.M. through his brokerage account.
Peggy White bought 5,000 shares of General Motors bonds from another investor.
Hathaway Insurance Co. bought 500,000 shares of Tioga Corp when the company issued the stock.
Jim Henry's purchase of 300 shares of I.B.M. is a secondary market transaction, while Peggy White's purchase of 5,000 shares of General Motors bonds and Hathaway Insurance Co.'s purchase of 500,000 shares.
The transactions can be classified as follows:
Jim Henry bought 300 shares of I.B.M. through his brokerage account.
This transaction is a secondary market transaction. Jim Henry is purchasing shares of a publicly traded company (I.B.M.) through his brokerage account, which involves buying shares from an existing shareholder rather than directly from the company. Secondary market transactions involve the buying and selling of securities among investors.
Peggy White bought 5,000 shares of General Motors bonds from another investor.
This transaction is a secondary market transaction. Peggy White is purchasing bonds of General Motors from another investor, indicating that the bonds are being bought and sold among investors in the secondary market.
Hathaway Insurance Co. bought 500,000 shares of Tioga Corp when the company issued the stock.
This transaction is a primary market transaction. Hathaway Insurance Co. is buying shares directly from Tioga Corp when the company is issuing the stock for the first time. Primary market transactions involve the sale of securities directly by the issuer to investors.
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Jackman Company’s general ledger shows a cash account balance of $23,280 on July 31, 2024. Cash sales of $1,830 for the last three days of the month have not yet been deposited. The bank statement dated July 31 shows bank service fees of $50 and an NSF check from a customer of $300. The bank processes all checks written by the company by July 31 and lists them on the bank statement, except for one check totaling $1,450. The bank statement shows a balance of $22,550 on July 31.
Required:
1. Prepare a bank reconciliation to calculate the correct balance of cash on July 31, 2024.
2. Record the necessary entry(ies) to adjust the balance for cash.
Add $1,830 to the cash account balance.
subtract $50 and $300 from the cash account balance.
1. To prepare a bank reconciliation and calculate the correct balance of cash on July 31, 2024, follow these steps:
Step 1: Start with the cash account balance shown in the general ledger, which is $23,280.
Step 2: Add any deposits in transit, which are cash sales that have not yet been deposited. In this case, the cash sales of $1,830 for the last three days of the month are not yet deposited.
Step 3: Subtract any outstanding checks, which are checks written by the company but not yet processed by the bank. The bank statement lists all checks written by the company, except for one check totaling $1,450. Therefore, subtract $1,450 from the cash account balance.
Step 4: Add or subtract any bank errors. In this case, there are bank service fees of $50 and an NSF check from a customer of $300. Since these are bank errors,
Step 5: Compare the adjusted cash account balance with the balance shown on the bank statement. The bank statement shows a balance of $22,550.
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