It will be hypothesised that the massive drawdown of CO₂ from the atmosphere that began global glaciations in the neoproterozic was caused by erosion of the Grenville mountains.
What is CO₂?One carbon atom is covalently doubly linked to two oxygen atoms in each of the molecules that make up carbon dioxide. At room temperature, it exists as a gas. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide serves as a greenhouse gas because it absorbs infrared radiation despite being transparent to visible light. A significant greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide is a colourless gas produced through the burning of any carbon-containing material. CO₂ sources include: Carbon dioxide is emitted during all combustion-based energy production.
What CO₂ does to the body and what happens if CO₂ is too high?Numerous functions of CO₂ in the human body include blood pH adjustment, respiratory drive, and hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen (O₂). The human body is particularly sensitive to CO₂ fluctuations, which can become unbalanced if normal levels are not maintained.
Higher CO₂ levels frequently cause minor symptoms like weariness and headaches. More serious symptoms, including as trouble breathing, respiratory failure, seizure, and coma, might manifest when the defence mechanisms in your body intended to maintain this balance stop functioning.
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when comparing the molecular geometries tetrahedral, pyramidal, and bent, all have the same number of electron domains, but the bond angles are all different (109.5, 107.5, and 105 respectively). explain why this is the case. question 3 options: different atoms exhibit different angles. all types of tetrahedral bonds have four bonded electron pairs around them; the angle changes based on the electronegativity of the central atom. trigonal pyramidal represents three electron groups around the central atom and tetrahedral represents four electron groups around the central atom which accounts for the slight difference in bond angles. since each case represents four groups around the central atom, the bond angles differ depending on what type of electrons (bonded or non-bonded) exist within the compound. when four groups of bonded electrons exist the angle is slightly different than when three groups of bonded electrons and one group of non-bonded electrons exists. two groups of bonded electrons and two groups of non-bonded electrons also differ slightly in bond angle from either of the previous examples. this has to do with vsper theory and enhanced repulsion.
Molecular geometries tetrahedral, pyramidal, and bent, all have the same number of electron domains, but the bond angles are all different because of the extreme repulsion between Lonepairs, the bond angle is the smallest.
The most fundamental explanation for this is that the bond angle depends on the quantity of bond pairs, the quantity of lone pairs, and the repellencies between them.
The pattern is as follows:
(In order of growing repulsion between the two.)
Lonepair-Lonepair >Lonepair-Bondpair >Bondpair-Bondpair
In other words, because of the extreme repulsion between Lonepairs, the bonding angle is the smallest.
The bond angle for bent molecular geometry is slightly less than 120 degrees, or roughly 118 degrees, when the electron-pair geometry is trigonal planar. The bond angle for trigonal pyramidal geometry is just about 109.5 degrees, or roughly 107 degrees. The bond angle is approximately 105 degrees for bent molecular geometry when the electron-pair geometry is tetrahedral.
Thus, bond angles are different for different molecular geometry.
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Why is the election important to the society?.
Due to democracy, election important to the society. In India, the main duty of the Election Commission is to supervise free and impartial elections across the whole country.
The Indian Election Commission is the Direct Supervisor. It is in charge of planning the elections for the President and Vice President of India, as well as for the legislatures and parliaments of each State. Vote counting is the Election Commission's most significant responsibility. The Indian Election Commission does not control the State Election Commissioners, and each one is in charge of a specific area of duty. The State Government shall appoint a State Election Commissioner to supervise the conduct of elections for Panchayati Raj institutions.
Democracy, which means "rule by the people," is a form of government that, in order to work effectively, not only permits but also necessitates public participation in the political process called as democracy.
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In a 0.85 M aqueous solution of benzoic acid (CH,CO,H), what is the percentage of benzoic acid that is dissociated? You can find some data that is useful for solving this problem in the ALEKS Data resource. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
3.29 percent of benzoic acid is dissociated in 0.85 M HC7H5O2 (aq) at 298 K.
Explain about the benzoic acid?It's crucial to be aware that the combination of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) with sodium benzoate can result in the formation of the recognized carcinogen benzene. One of the top 20 most frequently used chemicals in the US is benzoene.
Gum benzoin, a resin that may be discovered in the bark of Styrax trees, is its most popular natural source. The majority of today's benzoic acid production is synthetic. Its initial industrial production involved acidification after calcium benzoate was produced by hydrolyzing benzo trichloride.
In the food sector, C6H5COOH is a preservative. Many cosmetic items, including lipsticks, contain benzoic acid. It also functions as a precursor to benzoyl chloride, which is used to create various compounds, colors, fragrances, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals.
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write out the reaction scheme for 1-propanol propionic acid to n-propyl propionate (an ester). then, write out a detailed step-wise mechanism for this esterification. include all steps, correct arrows, and correct lone pair.
To form an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, the Fischer esterification reaction requires an acid.
C6H13COO = C4H8OH + C2H40
Mechanism of action:
CH3COOH + H2SO4 C2H(OH)2 + SO3OH C5H9(OH)3 + SO3OH C5H9(OH)3 + SO3OH (OH)
H2SO4 + C6H13COO + H20
Because the Fischer Esterification Mechanism is reversible, it also necessitates a significant excess of alcohol or the constant removal of water from the system. Fischer An ester is the end product of the organic reaction esterification, which is used to change carboxylic acids in the presence of abundant alcohol and a strong acid catalyst. Water is a constituent of ester formation. Azeotropic distillation and molecular sieve adsorption are two methods for removing water from the system during esterification. A nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, for example
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Calculate the pH of the following two buffer solutions: (a) 2.0M CH3CooNa/2.0M CH3COOH and (b) 0.20M CH3COONa/0.20M CH3COOH. Which is the more effective buffer? why?
pH of the following two buffer solutions: 4.74, 4.74
pH is given as :
pH = pka + log [salt] / [acid]
a) pH = pka + log [salt] / [acid]
pH = 4.74 log [2] / [2]
pH = 4.74
b) pH = pka + log [salt] / [acid]
pH = 4.74 + log [0.20] / [0.20]
pH = 4.74
Thus, the pH of the following two buffer solutions: (a) 2.0M CH3COONa/2.0M CH3COOH is 4.74 and (b) 0.20M CH3COONa/0.20M CH3COOH is 4.74. both have same values. The b) is more are effective because because it have lesser amount of concentration.
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What are the 3 conflict theories?.
Self-interest drives people. Resources are scarce forever, which affects how societies function. Within and between social groups, conflict is common and inescapable.
What is a story's conflict?Conflict is the name given to these issues in fiction. Conflict is more specifically defined as a thwarted, jeopardized, or competing desire. It generally occurs when a character tries to do something, but something else interferes. Perhaps the character aspires for something but falls short.
What produces conflict in stories?When something inhibits your fictional character from achieving their goals, conflict develops. By turning their desire into an obsession, you may increase the stakes. Your story will lack suspense if you consistently give your characters what they desire. A good story can only progress through conflict.
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50 points + brainliest
If you had a solution containing a mixture of magnesuun, strontium, and banum, how could you separate the three
elements?
Answer:
by using chelatin eluent solution
use standard enthalpies of formation to calculate the standard enthalpy chan gge for this reaction
Using Hess's law, the standard enthalpies of reactant and product production can be used to determine the standard enthalpy change of any reaction.
A specific reaction is defined as the breakdown of all reactants into their standard state constituents followed by the production of all products. The sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products less the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants is the standard enthalpy change for any chemical process. produced by Jay. This is the item that is currently chosen.
According to Hess's Law, no matter how many stages or steps there are in a reaction, the overall enthalpy change is the sum of all changes. Law provides evidence for enthalpy's status as a state function. Is known as Hess's Law.
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Rubidium and cesium have similar chemical properties because, in the ground state, the atoms of both elements each have.
Rubidium and cesium have similar chemical properties because in the ground state the atoms of both elements each have one electron in the outermost shell.
A German chemist, organized the elements by atomic mass and grouped them according to their chemical properties. Later , Dmitri Mendeleev, organized all the known elements according to similar properties. He left gaps in his table for what he thought were undiscovered elements, and he also made some bold predictions regarding the properties of those undiscovered elements. When elements were later discovered whose properties closely matched with the Mendeleev’s predictions, his version of the table gained favor in the scientific community. This he predicted because certain properties of the elements repeat on a regular basis throughout the table that is, basically they are periodic, therefore it became known as the periodic table.
Elements that have similar chemical properties are grouped in columns called groups or families) As well as being numbered, some of these groups have names—for example, alkali metals (the first column of elements), alkaline earth metals (the second column of elements), halogens (the next-to-last column of elements), and noble gases (the last column of elements).
Hence Rubidium and cesium have similar chemical properties because in the ground state the atoms of both elements each have one electron in the outermost shell.
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the rate of this reaction is markedly increased if a small amount of sodium iodide is added to the reaction mixture
If a tiny quantity of sodium iodide is given to the reaction mixture, then rate of this reaction between NaCN, DMSO, and CN is noticeably boosted.
What is sodium iodide used for?Iodine shortage is prevented or treated using sodium iodide. Iodine is necessary for the body's optimal growth and wellness. Sodium iodide may well be required for people who cannot acquire enough iodine from their typical diet or who require extra iodine. Your thyroid gland need iodine to operate correctly.
Where is sodium iodide found?Seafood, tiny quantities diet iodine, and vegetables cultivated in iodine-rich soils are just a few of the foods that contain iodine. Another significant source of iodine is ocean mist that contains iodine.
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What is radical and its types?.
A chemical compound with an unpaired electron is known as a radical. A radical can have either a positive or negative charge, or it might be electrically neutral.
What makes up an electron?A opposite charges subatomic particle called an electron can either be free or attached to an atom (not bound). One of the three main types of particles in an atom is an electron that is attached to it; the other two include protons and neutrons. The nucleus of an atom is made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons.
Where Are Electrons Found?Electrons are found from outside atom's nucleus, as opposed to neutrons and protons, which are contained within the nucleus at its center. Negative electrons are drawn to the positive nucleus because the electric charges of opposite polarities attract one another.
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What happens when an atom gains 3 electrons?.
Write the net ionic equation for this reaction occuring in water: Calcium sulfide and iron(II) bromide are mixed to form iron(II) sulfide and calcium bromide.
1. Sr2+ + S2− + Fe2+ + 2 Br− → FeS + CaBr2
2. No reaction occurs
3. S 2− + Fe2+ → FeS
4. Ca2+ + 2 Br− → CaBr2
5. S 2− + FeBr2 → FeS + 2 Br−
6. CaS + 2 Br− → S 2− + CaBr2
S 2− + Fe2+ → FeS
Option 3. S 2− + Fe2+ → FeS is the correct answer. The net ionic equation for this reaction occurring in water is S 2− + Fe2+ → FeS
A chemical reaction in which one of the products formed is insoluble and separates out as a precipitate is known as a precipitation reaction. The met ionic equations of a precipitation reaction can be written by removing spectator ions from the total ionic equation of the precipitation reaction.
The balanced molecular equation for the reaction between calcium sulfide and iron (II) bromide to form iron (II) sulfide and calcium bromide is,
CaS(aq) + FeBr_2(aq) \to FeS(s) + CaBr_2
The total ionic equation will be
[tex]Ca^{2+}(aq) + S^{2-}(aq) + Fe^{2+}(aq) + 2Br^-(aq) \to FeS(s) + Ca^{2+}(aq) + 2Br^-(aq)[/tex]
After removing spectator ions, we get the following net ionic equation:
Fe^{2+}(aq) + S^{2-}(aq) \to FeS(s)
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Number the elements sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, and chlorine in the predicted order ionization energies from the highest to the smallest.
Chlorine has been the ion with the highest ionization energy, followed by phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium, in that order (smallest).
What is magnesium powder used for?Magnesium powder is still a nutritional supplement with significant magnesium content. Magnesium is crucial for a variety of biological processes. It supports healthy neuron and muscle function, contributes to blood pressure control, and is critical for maintaining strong bones.
Where do magnesium come from?Magnesium was found in large quantities in both plant and animal diets as well as drinks. Legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and green leafy vegetables like spinach are all excellent sources [1,3]. Magnesium is generally present in meals that contain dietary fiber.
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Answer:
Sodium - 4
Magnesium - 3
Phosphorus - 2
Chlorine - 1
Explanation:
Edge 2023
1. Consider the following gas phase reactions in a Packed Bed reactor. (1) A+B→X
(2) A+B→Y
(3) X+B→Z
r ′ 1A =−800∗exp(−8000/T) ∗ (P A ∧0.75 PB )
r ′ 2B =−10∗exp(−300/T) ∗ (PA∗ PB 2 )
r ′3A =−10000∗exp(−8000/T) ∗ (P X ∗ ∗ P B )
a) Write an expression for the instantaneous selectivity of species
X with respect to species Y and Z
. b) Specify the type of reactor and the conditions to maximize the selectivity to X
An expression for the instantaneous selectivity of species X with respect to species Y and Z Specify the type of reactor and the conditions to maximize the selectivity to X are CFSTR.
1) A +B - X,-r1.4=800*exp(- 8000 T )PA^ 0.75 x PB2) A+B - Y,-r2A=10^ * exp(- 300/T) * P A^ x PBthree) X +B - Z,-r3A=10000*exp(- 8000 T )PX*PB(three)X is fashioned from 1 ^ pi response and decomposed from three response. Selectivity is moles of price of response with admire to favored product to price of response with admire to undesired producttheta(x/(y + z)) =phi( X T+Z )= -r1.d+r3.A -r2.4-r3.A = 800exp(- 8000 T )PA^ e.33 *PB-a thousand erp(- 8000 T )PAPB 10exp(- 300/T) x PAPB + 1000exp(- 8000/T) x pAPB . The equation may be written after putting off PB from numerator and denominator theta(X/(T + Z)) = (800exp(- 8000/T) x P x A ^ (4/three) - 10000exp(- 8000/T) * p, X)/(10exp(- 300/T) * p_ + 10000exp(- 8000/T) * pX).The equation may be written after putting off PB from numerator and denominatorphi(X/(T + Z)) = (800exp(- 8000/T) x p, A ^ (4 + three) - 10000exp(- 8000/T) * p_)/(10exp(- 300/T) x p_ + 1000exp(- 8000/T) * p_)The equation may be written after putting off PB from numerator and denominatorO(X/(T + Z)) = (800exp(- 8000/T) * p_ * A ^ (1/three) - 10000exp(- 8000/T) * pX)/(10erp(- 300/T) * p_ + 10000erp(- 8000/T) * p_)The equation may be written after putting off PB from numerator and denominatorO(X/(T + Z)) = (800exp(- 8000/T) * p_ * A ^ (plus/minus 33) - 10000exp(- 8000/T) * p, X)/(10erp(- 300/T) * p_ + 10000exp(- 8000/T) * p_)O( X T+Z )= 800 exp(- 8000 T )P. A ^ 8.three - 1000erp(- 8000/T) * pX 10*exp(- -8000+7700 T )*p.d+a thousand*exp(- 8000 T )*p.A .O( X T+Z )= 800exp(- 8000/T) * p * A ^ 6.three - 1000erp(- 8000/T) * pX 10*erp( -8000 T )exp( 7700 T )*p A +a thousand^ * exp(- 8000 T )*pX .theta(X/(T + Z)) = (800P x A ^ 0.73 - 10000PX)/(10exp(7700/T) * PA + 10000PX) From the above equation, denominator ought to be as small as possible. The partial strain of B does now no longer have an effect on the selectivity.Hence PX must be smaller. The response is to be executed at excessive temperature in order that the 1 ^ pi.time period withinside the denominator of above equation is less. So CFSTR makes partial strain of A as little as possible.At low Px, the above equation turns into after neglecting the second one time period of numerator and 2 ^ (pi*d) time period of denominator.Read more about reactor :
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A planet travels in an elliptical path around a star, as shown in the figure. As the planet gets closer to the star, the gravitational force that the star exerts on the planet increases. Which statement of reasoning best supports and correctly identifies what happens to the magnitude of the force that the planet exerts on the star as the planet gets closer to the star?
The force remains constant because the mass of the planet remains constant.
A
The force increases because it is part of a Newton’s third law pair of forces with the force that the star exerts on the planet.
B
The force decreases because the planet increases its speed as it gets closer to the star.
C
The force fluctuates such that it increases and decreases because the planet does not travel in a perfectly circular path.
The correct answer is option B.
The force increases because it is part of a Newton’s third law pair of forces with the force that the star exerts on the planet.
Newton's third law states that when two bodies interact, they apply forces to one another that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The third law is also known as the law of action and reaction.
Force between two objects can be expressed by an equation:
F = G (m₁m₂/r²)
where m₁ and m₂ are objects masses, r is the distance between them, and G is a gravitational constant.
From this we can infer that:
That means that greater the masses or lesser the distance, the force will be greater, and vice versa.
This force exists between any two objects, but is generally extremely weak, so it's best observed with big and large objects with great mass, such as planets and stars.
Therefore, option B is correct as magnitude of force that the planet exerts on the star as the planet gets closer to the star will increases.
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A solution of sodium chloride is mixed with a solution of lead(II) nitrate. A precipitate of lead(II) chloride results, leaving a solution of sodium nitrate. Into which class(es) does this reaction fit? Select all that apply.
combination
single-displacement
decomposition
combustion
double-displacement
A solution of sodium chloride is mixed with a solution of lead(II) nitrate. A precipitate of lead(II) chloride results, leaving a solution of sodium nitrate. Into which class(es) does this reaction fit? Select all that apply.
combination
single-displacement
decomposition
combustion
double-displacement
A solution of sodium chloride is mixed with a solution of lead(II) nitrate. A precipitate of lead(II) chloride results, leaving a solution of sodium nitrate. Into which class(es) does this reaction fit? Select all that apply.
combination
single-displacement
decomposition
combustion
double-displacement
A solution of sodium chloride is mixed with a solution of lead(II) nitrate. A precipitate of lead(II) chloride results, leaving a solution of sodium nitrate. Into which class(es) does this reaction fit? Select all that apply.
combination
single-displacement
decomposition
combustion
double-displacement
A solution of sodium chloride is mixed with a solution of lead(II) nitrate. A precipitate of lead(II) chloride results, leaving a solution of sodium nitrate. Into which class(es) does this reaction fit? Select all that apply.
combination
single-displacement
decomposition
combustion
double-displacement
When sodium chloride and lead(II) nitrate solutions are combined, single-displacement or double-displacement chemical reactions work well. Lead(II) chloride then precipitates.
The chemical reactions looks like this:
sodium chloride + Pb(NO3)2 → PbCl + NaNO3.
Equilibrium: Pb(NO3)2 + 2sodium chloride → PbCl2 + 2NaNO3
Double displacement is used to describe the reaction. When two compounds interact chemically, a double displacement reaction occurs in which the cations and anions of the two reactants switch places to form a new product.
The two reactants exchange ions in a double displacement chemical reaction to create new molecules. Usually, a solid precipitate results from a double displacement process. The reaction AB + CD AD + CB is an effective example of a double displacement reaction.
In the aforementioned reaction, lead replaces sodium to form precipitate lead chloride, whereas sodium replaces lead to form sodium nitrate. Anions, which are negatively charged ions, also alter positions.
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What is the valence shell of hydrogen?.
Can you store lemonade in a pewter pitcher?.
No, a pewter pitcher works well for storing lemonade. Modern pewter is lead-free and safe to use. Tin makes up the majority of it, with small amounts of antimony and copper. on a single manufacturer.
The products, which come with a lead-free guarantee, can be used with any kind of food or beverage. The majority of modern pewter's remaining components are an alloy of antimony and food-safe copper. If you avoid foods that contain acid, such as those made with tomatoes, vinegar, etc. The odd trace amount of silver that is lead-free and safe to eat. When consuming more acidic foods, lead leaching from the pewter container might result in meals having higher concentrations of lead.
Drinks with a lemon flavor and added sugar are called lemonade. The world is home to many different lemonade types. The most popular type of lemonade is hazy still in North America and South Asia. Traditionally, it was a handmade beverage made with lemon juice, water, and a sweetener such cane sugar, simple syrup, or honey.
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Soaps clean up dirt by acting as emulsifying agents. The nonpolar chain in the soap is attracted to the dirt and the ionic end is attracted to the water. Thus, the soap creates dispersed droplets that wash the dirt away with the water.
Soaps clean up dirt by acting as emulsifying agents. The nonpolar chain in the soap is attracted to the dirt and the ionic end is attracted to the water. Thus, the soap creates b)dispersed droplets that wash the dirt away with the water.
In the field of chemistry, soap can be described as a washing material that is made by adding a base to a fat or oil.
As it contains fats and oils, soaps work by acting as an emulsifying agent.
The non-polar fats and oil absorb any kind of dirt and kill microorganisms.
When water is added to soap, the mixture acts as a dispersed droplet to absorb dirt particles in it. In this way, any kind of dust, microorganisms and dirt are removed.
The correct question format is:
Soaps clean up dirt by acting as emulsifying agents. The nonpolar chain in the soap is attracted to the dirt and the ionic end is attracted to the water. Thus, the soap creates ............. that wash the dirt away with the water.
a) floating bubbles
b) dispersed droplets
c)solid precipitate
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compared to an atom as a whole, an atomic nucleus is compared to an atom as a whole, an atomic nucleus is very tiny and has very little mass. very tiny but has most of the mass. quite large and has most of the mass.
Compared to an atom as a whole, an atomic nucleus Is very tiny but has most of the mass. Correct answer: letter A.
Because atoms are composed of protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, which is very small compared to the atom as a whole. However, the protons and neutrons have much more mass than the electrons, so the nucleus has most of the mass of the atom.
What is the atom?An atom is the smallest unit of matter that can exist. Atoms are made up of three particles:
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.While electrons orbit around the nucleus.Atoms are the building blocks of all matter in the universe.
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Why is a wet blanket in a clothesline dries on a sunny day?.
Wet clothes placed on a clothesline get dry after some time because the water gets dried up from the heat of the sun. The water is converted into water vapour, the phenomenon is known as evaporation.
What is evaporation ?When a liquid evaporates, it turns into a gaseous phase that is not saturated with the evaporating substance. This process is known as vaporisation of a liquid. As water vapour leaves the cloth's surface, clothes begin to dry.
The process of drying involves individual water molecules releasing their interactions with the thing and each other, and then launching themselves into the air. Therefore, the rate of net evaporation of the liquid water on an object determines how quickly it dries.Learn more about Evaporation here:
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Explain why each molecule has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature than the other in the pair.
Vapour pressure is larger of the molecule which has weaker intermolecular forces.
In chemistry, we define the temperature of a substance as the average kinetic power of all of the atoms or molecules of that substance. No longer do all of the debris of a substance have identical kinetic strength. At any given time, the kinetic energy of the debris may be represented by means of a distribution.
Temperature performs a vital function in-hospital treatment (both humans and animals), food, beverages, and agriculture. Our average fitness is regularly reliant upon the temperature in lots of methods as nicely.
The SI unit of temperature as consistent with the global system of devices is Kelvin.
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Write the formulas of the conjugate base of the following acids: a) HNO2 b) H2SO4 c) H2S d) HCN e) HCOOH
The formulas of the conjugate base of the following acids [tex]NO_{2} -NO_{2}, -,HSO_{4} - ,HS-,CN,HCOO[/tex].
What are acids, and what varieties are there?They usually fall under the categories of acetic molecule and mineral acid. Inorganic Acid This is acid that is derived from living things like plants and animals. Citric acid (found in fresh fruits), acetic acid (in vinegar), oleic acid (in olive oil), etc. are a few examples. Mineral Acid: Minerals are the source of mineral acid.
Is salt acidic?A neutral salt is chloride, which is produced by neutralizing sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. Any strong acid that is neutralized by such a good base always produces a neutral salt. However, salts can generally be classified as acidic, basic, or neutral.
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draw lewis structures for the ethylene molecule ( c2h4 ), the chloromethane molecule ( c2hcl ), and the acetaldehyde molecule ( ch3cho ), and then answer the questions that follow.
The lewis structures of ethylene, chloromethane, and acetaldehyde are shown in the attached diagram below.
What is the lewis electron dot structure?Lewis structures can be described as diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. A Lewis structure can possibly draw for any covalently bonded molecule and coordination compounds.
A lewis electron dot structure can be used to represent the total number of bonds, the different bonding atoms, and the lone pairs left in the atoms in the molecule.
Solid lines are used to show the bond between atoms that are bonded directly to one another and lone pairs of electrons are represented as dot pairs and are placed next to the atoms.
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What is the relationship between dipole moment and the distance between the charges?.
The relationship between dipole moment and the distance between the charges is that they both are directly proportional to each other.
Define dipole moment?
A dipole moment occurs in all systems where charge separation occurs. Therefore, they can occur both ionic and covalently. The dipole moment is caused by the difference in electronegativity between two atoms of her that are chemically bonded.
Dipole Moment (µ) = Charge (Q) * distance of separation (r)
Why is it called a dipole moment?
Dipole moment is a measure of the separation of two opposite charges. The dipole moment is a vector quantity. The magnitude is equal to the charge multiplied by the distance between charges, and the direction is from negative charge to positive charge:
μ = q · r
where μ is the dipole moment, q is the magnitude of the separated charge, and r is the distance between the charges.
The relationship between dipole moment and the distance between the charges is that they both are directly proportional to each other.
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a certain amount of chlorine gas was placed inside a cylinder with a movable piston at one end. the initial volume was 3.00 l and the initial pressure of chlorine was 1.45 atm . the piston was pushed down to change the volume to 1.00 l . calculate the final pressure of the gas if the temperature and number of moles of chlorine remain constant.. (figure 1)
4.95 atm is the final pressure of the gas if the temperature and number of moles of chlorine remain constant.
Temperature and Number of Moles are constant
=> PV=k
P1*V1 = P2*V2
V1=3.00 L and P1 = 1.45 atm
V2=1.00 L P2 = ?
so P2 = P1*V1 / V2
= 4.35 atm
a gas or gaseous mixture for fuel or illumination; a fluid (such as air) that neither has independent form nor volume but has a tendency to expand endlessly. in particular: natural gas, a gaseous byproduct of digestion. the discomfort this has caused. A gas is a type of material that has neither a definite volume nor form. Air, water vapor, and helium are a few examples of gases. A material that has neither a definite volume nor form is called a gas. A gas therefore assumes the form and volume of its container. The force perpendicularly applied to an object's surface divided by the area over which it is dispersed is known as pressure. The pressure as compared to the surrounding air pressure is known as gauge pressure. To express pressure, a variety of units are employed.
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(b) once the ionic solid has dissolved, the anion that is formed is able to react as a base, with water as the acid. write the net acid-base reaction that occurs when dissolved na2co3 reacts with water. (use the lowest possible coefficients. omit states-of-matter in your answer.)
CO3-2(aq) + 2H2O(l) ⇔ H2CO3(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
Acid-base reactions usually proceed in the direction of weaker acids. Strong acids react with water to form strong acids and weak bases. Acid-base pairs on opposite sides of the formula are called conjugate acid-base pairs.
Neutralization reactions can be defined as chemical reactions in which acids and bases react quantitatively to form salts and water as products. In a neutralization reaction, H+ and OH– ions combine to form water. When mixed, acids and bases neutralize each other to form salts, substances with a salty taste that do not have the characteristics of acids or bases.
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show the balanced reaction, ionic reaction, and net ionic reaction for a mixture of aqueous barium nitrate and aqueous potassium chromate
The reaction of barium nitrate and potassium chromate results in the formation of barium chromate precipitate. The balanced reaction is given below:
[tex]\rm Ba( NO_{3})_{2} (aq) + K_{2}CrO_{4} (aq)\rightarrow 2K ( NO_{3}) (aq)+ BaCrO_{4} (s)[/tex]
What is balanced reaction?A balanced reactions contains all the reactants in the prefect stoichiometric ratios. Each elements have to be equal in number in both the reactant and product side.
In an ionic equation all the ions participating in the reaction is given with their state . The complete ionic equation for the given reaction is written below:
[tex]\rm Ba ^{2+}(aq) + 2 NO_{3}^{-} (aq) + 2K ^{+} + CrO_{4}^{2-} (aq)\rightarrow 2K^{+} + 2NO_{3} ^{-} (aq)+ BaCrO_{4} (s)[/tex]
From this the potassium and nitrate ions goes to the solution and the precipitate of barium chromate forms beneath the solution. Thus, the net ionic equation is :
[tex]\rm Ba ^{2+} (aq)+ + CrO_{4}^{2-} (aq)\rightarrow BaCrO_{4} (s)[/tex]
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Calcium is involved in all of the following functions except:
a. Calcium provides energy for cells.
b. Calcium deposits into bones and teeth to provide a rigid structure.
c. Calcium is necessary for blood clotting.
d. Calcium is necessary for muscle contraction and relaxation.
e. Calcium is necessary for nerve functioning.
Calcium is an essential metal for the living to provide strength to the bones and teeth and it is necessary for blood clotting. Calcium does not has a role on providing energy to the cells. Hence option a is correct.
What is calcium?Calcium is 20the element in periodic table. It is an alkaline earth metal of second group. Calcium is an abundant mineral present in both living and non-living matters.
Calcium have significant functions in our body. The major function of calcium is that, it is a structural component in teeth and bones. Calcium thus, provides strength to teeth and bones.
Similarly calcium is essential for blood clotting, where calcium acts as a catalyst to convert a protein from its inactive state to active state. Calcium ions are the initiators of responses of nervous tissues to injury . They release free radicals and activate phospholipases.
Calcium ions does not have a known role in making energy. Hence, option a is correct.
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