The total change in entropy is equal to the sum of heat transfer (in Joules) divided by the absolute temperature (in Kelvin) of the system. In equation form, the total change in entropy (ΔS) is equal to the sum of heat transfer (Q) divided by the absolute temperature (T): ΔS = Q/T.
Entropy is the measure of randomness in a macroscopic system. It is equal with the ratio of heat absorbed in Joules (Q) and the temperature at which the heat is absorbed in Kelvin (T). If one wants the entropy to decrease, they must transfer the energy from outside the system.
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How much Glucose should be consumed if we want to produce 2.3 moles of Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)?
In order to produce 2.3 moles of carbon dioxide (CO₂), you would need to consume 7.9 moles of glucose. This is because in the chemical equation for respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O.
true or false: compared with solids, the distances between molecules increase for all solids when they turn into liquids.
False. The distance between molecules decreases for all solids when they turn into liquids.
Solids vs liquidsWhen a solid turns into a liquid, the distances between molecules generally decrease, rather than increase.
In a solid, molecules are typically arranged in a regular, ordered pattern and are closely packed together. As the solid is heated and melts, the molecules gain kinetic energy, causing them to vibrate and move more rapidly.
This increase in motion allows the molecules to break free of their ordered positions and slide past one another, resulting in a decrease in intermolecular distances and a transition from a solid to a liquid state.
There are some exceptions to this general trend, such as in cases where the solid structure is more porous and loosely packed than the liquid, but in most cases, the statement is false.
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Okay I actually have a question this time can someone please help me with this table and the question? I tried doing it but my teacher said it was wrong so-
The temperature is increasing the three degrees.
Does heat affect enthalpy of reaction?The enthalpy of a reaction, also known as the heat of reaction, can be affected by changes in temperature. Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy in a system, including both heat and internal energy.
In a chemical reaction, the enthalpy change is the heat absorbed or released during the reaction, which can be measured as the temperature change of the system. When the temperature of a reaction increases, the enthalpy of the system will increase, and when the temperature decreases, the enthalpy of the system will decrease.
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discuss the molar mass and identity of your unknown based on the freezing point depression. are you confident in the identity of the unknown referencing % error
Molar mass is ratio of mass and the amount of same substance whose mass we have taken.Yes,I am confident in the identity of the unknown referencing % error.
In science, the molar mass (M) of a chemical compound is characterized as the proportion between the mass and how much substance (estimated in moles) of any example of said compound. The molar mass is a mass, not sub-atomic, property of a substance. The molar mass is a normal of many occurrences of the compound, which frequently shift in mass because of the presence of isotopes. Most usually, the molar mass is figured from the standard nuclear loads and is in this manner an earthly normal and a component of the overall wealth of the isotopes of the constituent particles on The planet. The molar mass is fitting for changing over between the mass of a substance and how much a substance for mass amounts.
Freezing point depression is a drop in the base temperature at which a substance freezes, caused when a more modest measure of another, non-unpredictable substance is added. Models incorporate adding salt into water (utilized in frozen yogurt creators and for de-icing streets), liquor in water, ethylene or propylene glycol in water (utilized in radiator fluid in vehicles), adding copper to liquid silver (used to make bind that streams at a lower temperature than the silver pieces being joined), or the blending of two solids like pollutions into a finely powdered drug.
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indentify the type of scientific knowledge represented by each statement law ,theory, hypothesis
1. All objects fall to the ground at the same rate regardless of their mass. Law: This is a statement of Newton’s law of gravity, which states that the force of gravity is equal for all objects regardless of their mass.
What is the gravity law of Newton?According to Newton's law of gravity, every particle in the cosmos is drawn to every other particle with a force that is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them and directly proportional to the product of their masses. Sir Issac Newton created this law of gravity in 1687. According to this law, the gravitational force is always attracting and works along the line connecting the two particles. In the formula F=Gm1m2/r2, where G is the universal gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two interacting particles, and r is the distance between them, the gravitational force's magnitude is given.
This law has been used to explain the motion of the planets, moons, and other celestial bodies and is thought to be crucial to comprehending the motion of bodies in the universe.
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list essential conditions for pressure
The essential conditions for pressure are high temperature and minimum volume.
What is pressure?Pressure is defined as the force applied on an object perpendicular to it's surface per unit area over which it is distributed.Gauge pressure is a pressure which is related with the ambient pressure.
There are various units by which pressure is expressed most of which are derived units which are obtained from unit of force divided by unit of area . The SI unit of pressure is pascal .
It is a scalar quantity which is related to the vector area element with a normal force acting on it.It is distributed over solid boundaries and across arbitary sections of fluid normal to the boundaries at every point.
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What properties could you use to distinguish metals from non-metals?
Metals may be easily molded and bent without breaking because they are malleable and ductile.
By comparing their physical and chemical characteristics, metals and non-metals may be easily identified from one another.
Metals effectively conduct heat and electricity.
Metals often react with water and acids to create basic solutions, and they also produce positive ions in an aqueous solution, according to their chemical characteristics.
Contrarily, non-metals are neither ductile nor malleable, and they have low conductivity for both heat and electricity.
When they interact with water or acids, they can also produce neutral or acidic solutions, as well as negative ions in aqueous solutions.
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suppose that aqueous solutions of barium nitrate and potassium carbonate are mixed. what is the name of the compound or compounds that precipitate? enter the name of the precipitate.
When aqueous solutions of barium nitrate and potassium carbonate are mixed, a precipitate of barium carbonate (BaCO3) will form.
A precipitate is a solid that forms and separates out of a solution when two or more soluble compounds are mixed together.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
Ba(NO3)2 (aq) + K2CO3 (aq) → BaCO3 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq)
In this reaction, the barium cation (Ba2+) from barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2) combines with the carbonate anion (CO32-) from potassium carbonate (K2CO3) to form the insoluble salt barium carbonate (BaCO3), which precipitates out of solution.
Note that the potassium cation (K+) and the nitrate anion (NO3-) remain in solution as soluble salts, potassium nitrate (KNO3).
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they also have different ____________ , or the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of the object.
Oxygen and carbon, as well as other elements, have different specific heat capacities. Specific heat capacity, also known as specific heat, is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of a substance by a certain amount.
The specific heat of a substance depends on its physical and chemical properties, such as its atomic structure, mass, and intermolecular forces. Different elements have different properties, which lead to differences in their specific heats.
For example, water has a high specific heat capacity compared to many other substances, which is why it is often used to regulate temperature in industrial processes and in nature. This means that it takes a relatively large amount of energy to increase the temperature of water by a given amount. In contrast, metals like copper have low specific heat capacities, which means that it takes much less energy to increase their temperature by the same amount.
In terms of the human body, the specific heat capacity of different tissues and organs is important for regulating body temperature. For example, the brain and the liver have high specific heat capacities, which helps to protect them from rapid temperature changes. In contrast, bone has a lower specific heat capacity, which makes it more susceptible to temperature changes.
Overall, the specific heat capacity of different elements and substances is an important physical property that has a significant impact on the behavior of matter. It is a fundamental property of materials that is essential for understanding and predicting the behavior of systems in the physical and natural sciences, including the human body.
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the by-products of the refining of petroleum are separated based on which characteristic? responses boiling point boiling point concentration concentration melting point , melting point composition
The by-products of the refining of petroleum are separated based on their boiling points and composition.
Petroleum refining involves the process of heating crude oil in a distillation column to separate it into its various components, which have different boiling points. The crude oil is heated and the vaporized oil rises through the column, where it condenses at different heights according to its boiling point.
Additionally, the composition of the crude oil also plays a role in the separation process. Crude oil is made up of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Different types of hydrocarbons have different boiling points, so the composition of the crude oil determines the boiling points of the different components that are separated during refining.
In summary, the by-products of petroleum refining are separated based on their boiling points, which are determined by their composition of hydrocarbons.
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g13. how will you distinguish the reactants from the product using mass spectroscopy? be specific with the molecular ion peaks (2 points)
Mass spectrometry distinguishes reactants from products by comparing their molecular ion peaks based on molecular weight.
Mass spectrometry can be utilized to recognize reactants from items in a substance response by dissecting the sub-atomic particle pinnacles of the mixtures. The sub-atomic particle pinnacle of a compound addresses the mass-to-charge proportion (m/z) of the particle that is framed when the compound is ionized.
By looking at the sub-atomic particle pinnacles of the beginning materials with those of the items, one can recognize the interesting sub-atomic particle pinnacle of the beginning materials and the items, separately. This takes into account the reactants and items to be recognized and distinguished in view of their sub-atomic weight. By looking at the mass spectra of the reactants and items, one can decide the degree of the response and the character of the items framed.
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what is the formula for the compound tetraphosphorus decoxide?
Answer:
The formula for tetraphosphorus decoxide is P4O10.
Explanation:
Hydrogen peroxide solution is used as a bleach and to clean oil paintings.
A solution of hydrogen peroxide contains 10g of hydrogen peroxide in
every 100 cm of solution. What is the concentration of the solution in g/dm"?
Answer:
Explanation:
To convert the concentration of the solution from g/100 cm to g/dm^3, we need to first convert the volume unit from cm^3 to dm^3.
1 dm^3 = 10^3 cm^3
So, if 100 cm^3 of the solution contains 10 g of hydrogen peroxide, then 10^3 cm^3 (1 dm^3) of the solution contains 10 g * (10^3 / 100) = 10^3 g = 1000 g.
Therefore, the concentration of the solution in g/dm^3 is 1000 g/dm^3.
What experimental criteria will be used to measure the bromination rate of the hydrocarbons1.Precipitation2.gas evolution3.Discoloration4.temperature changes
Temperature changes is the criteria which is used to measure the bromination rate of the hydrocarbons.
The concentrations of the chemical species involved in the bromination have no effect on the rate constant. However, it is affected by other factors such as temperature or ionic strength, for example, k. (T). The rate constant's units are determined by the overall reaction order.
Bromine is a reddish-brown colour, while the rest of the reactants and products are clear. Thus, the reaction rate can be conveniently measured by using a spectrophotometer to monitor the concentration of bromine.
It is predicted that the presence of an alkyl or alkoxy substituent will increase bromination rates (relative to benzene) and direct bromination to the para and ortho positions of alkyl- and alkoxybenzenes.
Because the rate-determining step for bromination is endothermic, it is slower than chlorination. In general, bromination and chlorination are both exothermic reactions.
For 1°;2°;3° hydrogens, the relative rate of radical bromination is 1; 82; 1640. Make a list of all the monobrominated products that could result from the radical bromination of the compounds.
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what causes the litmus to change from purple to pink?
Litmus is a type of dye that is extracted from lichens and is commonly used as a pH indicator. The color change from purple to pink indicates a change in the acidity or basicity of a solution.
In an acidic solution, the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration is high, which causes the litmus dye to change from its original blue color to red. In a neutral or basic solution, the hydrogen ion concentration is low, and the litmus dye remains blue. However, if the solution is sufficiently basic, the litmus dye will change from blue to pink. The exact mechanism of this color change is due to the chemical structure of the litmus dye, which contains a variety of functional groups that can interact with hydroxide ions (OH-) in a basic solution. This interaction causes a change in the electronic structure of the dye molecules, which results in a change in their absorption and transmission of light and, therefore, a change in color.
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Which four of the following statements about amino acids are true?A. Methionine is a thiolB. Asn and Gln are polar amino acidsC. Phe can undergo oxidation to form TyrD. Alanine has an overall charge at physiological pH (7.4)E. Isoleucine has more than one stereocenter (chiral center)F. The Val side chain does not form hydrogen bonds with other amino acidsG. The form of glycine used by the human body is D-glycine
As and GIn are polar amino acids, They are polar because they have polar bonds and hydrogen bonds. Phe can undergo oxidation to Tyr, Isoleucine has more than one stereocenter
No hydrogen bonds are formed between the Val side chain and other amino acids. since there isn't any active hydrogen
Proteins are made up of amino acid molecules. proteins and amino acids are components of life.
The breakdown or digestion of proteins produces amino acids as a byproduct. Proteins are created by the human body from amino acids to support the body:
Deconstruct food
Grow
mending bodily tissue
perform several other bodily tasks
The body may generate energy from amino acids as well.
Three categories are used to organise amino acids:
Important amino acids
Unneeded amino acids
amino acids with conditions
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Solar panels convert light energy from sunlight into electrical energy. What material is most likely used in solar
panels, and why?
Silicon. With silicon accounting for over 95% of the modules supplied today, silicon is by far the most prevalent semiconductor material used in solar cells.
What is Solar Energy?Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun that is captured by a variety of technologies, including solar architecture, solar thermal energy, and solar power to produce electricity.
Simply said, solar energy is the heat and light emitted by the sun. Several methods exist for utilizing the energy that the sun provides: Using photovoltaic cells, sunlight may be converted into power. solar thermal technique, in which hot water or steam is produced using solar energy.
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if 0.75 grams of benzophenone was allowed to react with 0.20 grams of sodium borohydride, what is the percent yield if 0.42 grams of diphenylmethanol was produced?
The actual yield of diphenylmethanol was 0.42 grams. 0.75 grams of benzophenone was reacted with 0.20 grams of sodium borohydride to produce diphenylmethanol.
The percent yield is a measure of how efficient a chemical reaction is at producing the desired product. It is calculated by comparing the actual yield of the product to the theoretical yield, which is the amount of product that would be produced if the reaction proceeded perfectly. The percent yield can be calculated using the formula:
percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%
The balanced equation for this reaction is:
C13H10O + 4H3B→C13H14O + 4B(OH)3
The molar mass of benzophenone is 182.2 g/mol, and the molar mass of diphenylmethanol is 198.3 g/mol. Using the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, the theoretical yield of diphenylmethanol can be calculated:
0.75 g benzophenone * (1 mol benzophenone / 182.2 g benzophenone) * (1 mol diphenylmethanol / 1 mol benzophenone) * (198.3 g diphenylmethanol / 1 mol diphenylmethanol) = 0.81 g diphenylmethanol
Therefore, the percent yield of the reaction can be calculated as:
percent yield = (0.42 g / 0.81 g) x 100% = 51.9%
The percent yield of this reaction is relatively low, indicating that there may have been some loss of product or incomplete conversion of reactants. Factors such as side reactions, impurities, and incomplete mixing can all contribute to a lower yield.
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4. you have been asked to generate 100 ml of the binding buffer for the affinity purification protocol you completed in lab. that buffer is composed of 100 mm tris-hcl and 150 mm nacl. what mass of each reagent is needed? briefly describe how to make the buffer. show your work
157.6 g of Tris-HCl to make 100 ml of the binding buffer with a concentration of 100 mM.
To make 100 ml of the binding buffer with 100 mM Tris-HCl and 150 mM NaCl, we first need to calculate the amount of each reagent required. The molecular weight of Tris-HCl is 157.6 g/mol, and the molecular weight of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol.
To calculate the mass of Tris-HCl required, we can use the formula:
mass = (concentration x volume x molecular weight) / 1000
where concentration is in mM, volume is in ml, and the molecular weight is in g/mol.
Substituting the given values, we get:
mass of Tris-HCl = (100 mM x 100 ml x 157.6 g/mol) / 1000 = 157.6 g
Therefore, we need 157.6 g of Tris-HCl to make 100 ml of the binding buffer with a concentration of 100 mM.
To calculate the mass of NaCl required, we can use the same formula:
mass = (concentration x volume x molecular weight) / 1000
Substituting the given values, we get:
mass of NaCl = (150 mM x 100 ml x 58.44 g/mol) / 1000 = 87.66 g
Therefore, we need 87.66 g of NaCl to make 100 ml of the binding buffer with a concentration of 150 mM.
To make the buffer, we can follow the following steps:
Weigh out 157.6 g of Tris-HCl and 87.66 g of NaCl using a balance and add them to a beaker.Add approximately 80-90 ml of distilled water to the beaker.Stir the solution until the solids are completely dissolved.Adjust the pH of the solution to the desired value, which is typically around pH 7.5 for Tris-HCl buffer. This can be done by adding small amounts of either hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide and checking the pH with a pH meter or pH paper.Once the pH is adjusted, bring the solution up to the final volume of 100 ml with distilled water.The buffer is now ready to use for affinity purification.Learn more about buffers at
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look back at questions 12 and 13. is the reactant within the smaller number of moles always the limiting reactant? explain your group's reasoning
The reactant within the smaller number of moles isn't always the limiting reactant.
What is the limiting reactant?The limiting reactant is the one that gets used up first in a chemical reaction and determines the amount of product that can be formed. The reactant that is present in the smaller number of moles may or may not be the limiting reactant, depending on its stoichiometric ratio with the other reactant(s) and the actual amounts of each reactant present in the reaction.
To determine the limiting reactant, you need to compare the stoichiometric ratios of all the reactants and calculate the amount of product that each reactant could potentially produce. The reactant that produces the least amount of product is the limiting reactant.
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in a quasi-static isobaric expansion, 575 j of work are done by the gas. if the gas pressure is 0.40 atm, what is the fractional increase in the volume of the gas, assuming it was originally at 21.0 l?
A quasi-static isobaric expansion requires the gas to exert 575 j of work. suppose there is a 0.40 atm gas pressure the fractional increase in volume of the gas is 68.5
In a quasi-static isobaric expansion, the pressure of the gas remains constant, and the work done by the gas is given by:
W = PΔV
where W is the work done by the gas, P is the constant pressure of the gas, and ΔV is the change in volume of the gas. Rearranging this equation, we get:
ΔV = W/P
Substituting the given values, we have:
ΔV = 575 J / (0.40 atm) = 1437.5 L·atm
The fractional increase in volume is the ratio of the change in volume to the original volume:
ΔV/V = 1437.5 L·atm / (21.0 L x 1.00 atm) = 68.5
Therefore, the fractional increase in volume of the gas is 68.5, or 6750%.
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-) Balance the following equation:
_____ P +__0₂ → __ P4010
D
P:
O:
P:
0:0
The equation is: 4P + 10O₂ → 2P₄O₁₀
The coefficients in front of each element indicate the number of atoms or molecules of that element in the reaction, making sure that there are the same number of atoms on both sides of the equation.
What is equation balancing?Equation balancing is the process of writing a chemical equation in such a way that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This is important because according to the law of conservation of matter, matter can neither be created nor destroyed, so the total number of atoms of each element must remain constant in a chemical reaction.
To balance a chemical equation, coefficients are placed in front of the chemical formulas to indicate the number of molecules or atoms of each substance involved in the reaction. The coefficients should be adjusted until the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation. For example, if a reaction involves two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen combining to form two molecules of water, the balanced equation would be written as 2H₂ + O₂ -> 2H₂O.
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If you begin with the highest amount of available entropy, which phase change would represent a decrease in entropy?
Phase changes involving an increase in the degree of molecular disorder typically correspond to an increase in entropy.
Conversely, phase changes that decrease the degree of molecular disorder are associated with a decrease in entropy.
At a given temperature and pressure, the sequence of phase changes that represents an increase in the degree of molecular disorder is:
solid → liquid → gas
Therefore, the sequence of phase changes that represents a decrease in the degree of molecular disorder, and hence a decrease in entropy, is:
gas → liquid → solid
For example, when water vapor condenses to form liquid water, the degree of molecular disorder decreases, and hence entropy decreases.
in some cases, the phase change from a gas to a solid may bypass the liquid phase altogether, as in the case of deposition, where a gas transforms directly into a solid.
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what percentage of the total grams of carbohydrate in the cookie are sugars? what percentage of the total grams of carbohydrate in the cookie are sugars? 6% 10% 36% 55%
It depends on the specific cookie that you are referring to, as the percentage of total grams of carbohydrate that are sugars can vary from cookie to cookie.
The information you provided (6%, 10%, 36%, 55%) does not give enough information to determine the exact percentage of total grams of carbohydrate in the cookie that are sugars. To determine the exact percentage, you would need to consult the nutrition label or ingredient list for the specific cookie in question. The total grams of carbohydrate in a food item refers to the total amount of carbohydrates that are present in that food item. This can include various types of carbohydrates, such as sugars, starches, and fibers. The percentage of total grams of carbohydrate that are sugars specifically refers to the percentage of the total carbohydrates in the food item that are comprised of simple or complex sugars. In order to determine the exact percentage of total grams of carbohydrate in a cookie that are sugars, you would need to consult the nutrition label or ingredient list for that specific cookie. The nutrition label will typically provide information on the total grams of carbohydrate per serving, as well as the grams of sugar per serving. By dividing the grams of sugar by the total grams of carbohydrate, you can determine the percentage of total grams of carbohydrate that are sugars.
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a current of 4.96 a is passed through a ni(no3)2 solution. how long, in hours, would this current have to be applied to plate out 7.10 g of nickel?
Faraday's law of electrolysis, which states that the quantity of substance created or consumed in an electrolytic cell is precisely proportionate to the quantity of electric charge carried through the cell, must be applied to this problem.
We use the formula: moles of substance = (electric charge / Faraday's constant), where C/mol is the charge per mole of electrons and F/mol is the Faraday constant. We must first determine how many moles of nickel were created by the specified current in order to determine the time needed to plate out 7.10 g of nickel: Electric charge is calculated as electric charge = current x time. Using the molar mass of nickel (58.69 g/mol), determine its mass: [(4.96 x t) / 96485] x 58.69] x [(moles of Ni x molar mass of Ni] = mass of Ni Calculate "t" by equating the mass of nickel produced to 7.10 g and then solving for "t": t = (7.10 x 96485) / (4.96 x 58.69) = 16.6 hours. such that the current would require 16.6 hours of application to plate out 7.10 g of nickel.
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) A gas occupies 22.2 L at a pressure of 760 mmHg. Find the new
volume if the pressure is reduced to 120 mmHg?
When the pressure is lowered to 120 mmHg, the gas's new volume is 140.33 L.
Which laws apply to gas?Charle's law, Boyle's law, and Gay-Lussac law are the three gas laws that make up the combined gas law, commonly referred to as a general gas equation. For a certain amount of gas, the law illustrates the relationship between temperature, volume, and pressure.
(P1xV1)/T1 = (P2xV2)/T2
where:
P1 = initial pressure = 760 mmHg
V1 = initial volume = 22.2 L
P2 = final pressure = 120 mmHg
V2 = final volume (unknown)
T1 = initial temperature (not given, but assumed constant)
T2 = final temperature (not given, but assumed constant)
We can solve for V2 by rearranging the equation as follows:
V2 = (P1xV1xT2)/(P2xT1)
T2/T1 = 1 since it is assumed that the temperature is constant, which allows us to simplify the equation to:
V2 = (P1 x V1) / P2
replacing the specified values:
V2 = (760 mmHg x 22.2 L) / 120 mmHg = 140.33 L
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The following data was collected when a reaction was performed experimentally in the laboratory (image attached). Determine the maximum amount of AlCl3 that was produced during the experiment. Explain how you determined this amount.
There will be 9 moles of NaNO3 and 3 moles of AlCl3 produced from this reaction.
What is mole?
The mole is the unit of amount of substance in the International System of Units which is a quantity amount of substance is a measure of how many elementary entities of a given substance are in an object or sample.
A balanced equation for the above reaction can be written as :
Al(NO3)3 + (3)NaCl —> (3)NaNO3 + AlCl3
NaCl is the limiting reagent for this reaction as it is required more, hence it will be consumed more.
For us to calculate the maximum amount of AlCl3 produced, we know that as 3 moles of NaCl and 1 mole of Al(NO3)3 to produce AlCl3 hence, only 3 AlCl3 will be produced due to insufficient NaCl.
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if you have a 100mm solution of the weak acid (pka of 7.3) that was at a ph of 7.3 and you added 250mm koh, what would the new ph be? (assume the volume is constant)
The new pH of the solution after the addition of 250 mM of KOH is approximately 11.6.
To solve this problem, we need to use the equation that relates the pH of a solution to the dissociation constant (pKa) of a weak acid and the ratio of the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base. We can use this equation to calculate the initial concentration of the weak acid and its conjugate base, then use the stoichiometry of the reaction between the weak acid and the strong base to calculate the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base after the addition of KOH. Finally, we can use the same equation to calculate the new pH.
The equation we need to use is:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
where [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base and [HA] is the concentration of the weak acid.
First, we can use the initial pH of 7.3 to calculate the initial concentration of the weak acid using the following equation:
pH = -log[H+]
[H+] = 10^(-pH) = 10^(-7.3) = 5.01 x 10^(-8) M
Since the initial pH is equal to the pKa of the weak acid, we know that half of the weak acid has dissociated into its conjugate base, so the initial concentration of the weak acid is equal to the initial concentration of the conjugate base:
[HA] = [A-] = 5.01 x 10^(-8) / 2 = 2.505 x 10^(-8) M
When we add 250 mM of KOH to the solution, it will react with the weak acid to form its conjugate base and water:
HA + OH- → A- + H2O
The stoichiometry of the reaction tells us that the concentration of the weak acid will decrease by the same amount that the concentration of the conjugate base increases. If we assume that the total volume of the solution is 100 mL, then the final volume of the solution will be 350 mL, and the concentration of KOH will be:
[OH-] = 250 mM / 350 mL = 0.714 M
At the end of the reaction, the concentration of the conjugate base will be:
[A-] = [HA]initial + [OH-] = 2.505 x 10^(-8) M + 0.714 M = 0.714 M
The concentration of the weak acid will be:
[HA] = [OH-] = 0.714 M
Now we can use the same equation as before to calculate the new pH:
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) = 7.3 + log(0.714/2.505x10^-8) ≈ 11.6
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the density of pure iron is 7.874 g/cm3. what is the mass (in grams) of a piece of iron with a volume of 20.00 cm3? do not put units into your answer.
The density of pure iron is 7.874 g/cm³. The mass in grams of a piece of iron with a volume of 20.00 cm³ is 157.48 g.
The density of the pure iron = 7.874 g/cm³
The volume of the iron = 20.00 cm³
The expression for density is as :
Density = mass / volume
Mass = density × volume
Where
Density = 7.874 g/cm³
Volume = 20.00 cm³
Mass = 7.874 g/cm³ × 20.00 cm³
Mass = 157.48 g
Thus, the mass of the piece of the iron is 157.48 with the volume of the iron is 20.00 cm³ .
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the compound lead nitrate is a strong electrolyte. write the transformation that occurs when solid lead nitrate dissolves in water.
The lead nitrate [tex]PB (NO_{3})_{2}[/tex] is soluble in water. It will dissociate into [tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex] (aq) ion and [tex]NO_{3}^{-}[/tex] ion.
Reaction
[tex]Pb(NO_{3})_{2} (s) + H_{2}O (l) - > Pb^{2+} (aq) + 2NO_{3}^{-} (aq)[/tex]
Lead(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb(NO₃)₂. It commonly occurs as a colorless crystal or white powder and, unlike most other lead(II) salts, is soluble in water.
What is lead nitrate used for?
Lead Nitrate is a white or colorless, sand-like solid. It is used in making matches and special explosives, in the dye and photography industries, and in process engraving. List because it is cited by OSHA, ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, NTP, DEP, IARC and EPA.
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