Virulence is the disease-producing power of a pathogen.
Virulence, term interchangeably used with pathogenicity, refers to the degree of pathology caused by the organism. The extent of the virulence is usually correlated with the ability of the pathogen to multiply within the host and may be affected by other factors. Viral virulence is influenced by viral genes in three categories firstly those that affect the ability of the virus to replicate, secondly those that affect host defense mechanisms, Thirdly those that affect tropism, spread throughout the body and transmissibility. Virulence factors characterized as important for attachment and invasion in human infection are CPS, β-hemolysin, C proteins, and pilus-like proteins.
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The apical bud of a shoot produces ________, resulting in the inhibition of lateral bud growth.
Auxin, which is produced by the apical bud, encourages the growth of apical buds while inhibiting the growth of lateral buds that are located lower on the stem, toward the axillary bud.
What does a shoot's apical bud produce?Auxin, a hormone produced by the apical bud, travels via the plant's circulatory system (phloem) down the stem and prevents axillary buds from expanding, which would otherwise result in the production of additional side shoots from the plant cells.
What function does auxin serve?Auxin plays a crucial role in controlling plant growth and development by regulating embryonic development, root and stem tropisms, apical dominance,and the transition to blooming..
What are the four roles that auxins play?Its primary uses are to stimulate shoot growth in culture and to enhance lateral and accidental shoot growth.aids in overcoming auxin-induced apical dominance.encourage the development of leaves' chloroplasts.encourages the mobilization of nutrients and delays leaf senescence.learn more about Auxin here
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When taking blood pressure, the sounds heard when the pressure cuff is released are due to ________.
When taking blood pressure, the sounds heard when the pressure cuff is released are due to Rising of the Systolic Pressure above the cuff pressure.
When deflating the cuff, the first sound is due to the Systolic Pressure. The cuff pressure is released by the opening of the airflow valve in a counterclockwise direction. The sound heard is a Sharp Tapping sound.
Systolic pressure is the pressure generated due to contraction of heart and Diastolic pressure is generated due to the relaxation of the heart.
Blood Pressure is measured by a device called Sphygmomanometer.
The sounds heard on releasing the pressure cuffs are due to the change of flow of blood through the artery. These sounds are called Korotkoff sounds. These are generated when the cuff pressure is changed which changes the flow of blood through the artery.
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Name two special senses whose receptor cells are replaced throughout life, and two special senses whose receptor cells are replaced so slowly that there can be no functional regeneration.
Two special senses that undergo replacement throughout life are gustation and olfaction.
The two special senses they do not undergo regeneration are the eyes and the ears.
What are gustatory and olfactory receptors?
The primary distinction between olfactory and gustatory receptors is that the former is in charge of the sense of smell, while the latter is in charge of the sensation of taste.
The basic sensations of the body are provided by olfactory and gustatory receptors, two different types of receptors. Additionally, gustatory receptors are located on the upper surface of the tongue, whereas olfactory receptors are located at the top back of the nasal vault.
Every 10 to 14 days, taste cells in each bud are replaced.
An essential paradigm for studying brain regeneration is the vertebrate olfactory system. The ability of this system to replace dying receptor neurons and induce neurogenesis is by far its most impressive quality. This replacement is made feasible by basal cells' ongoing neurogenesis.
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Carbon atoms can form
A. one double covalent bond
B. two triple covalent bonds
C. four single covalent bonds
D. three double covalent bonds
Answer:
c
Explanation:
The correct answer is c. four single covalent bonds.
Covalent bondsThe exchange of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms forms a covalent connection. The two atomic nuclei are drawing these electrons in unison. When there is insufficient space between two atoms' electronegativities for an electron transfer to take place and create ions, a covalent bond is formed. Bonding electrons are shared electrons that are present in the region between the two nuclei. The Covalent bonds pair serves as the "glue" that binds the atoms in molecular structures. To identify the covalent bonds pair from the lone pair electrons, the covalent bond is depicted in a Lewis structure as a dash. The nonbonding electrons in Lewis structures are represented as pairs of dots close to the atomic symbols for the atoms.
Carbon atoms can form
A. one double covalent bond
B. two triple covalent bonds
C. four single covalent bonds
D. three double covalent bonds
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During inspiration, the intrapulmonary pressure is the atmospheric pressure. At this point the intrapulmonary pressure is __________________ that intrapleural pressure.
During inspiration , the intrapulmonary pressure is the atmospheric pressure. At this point the intrapulmonary pressure is greater that intrapleural pressure.
Air flows into the lungs largely due to difference in pressure , atmospheric pressure is greater than infra-alveolar pressure . It is changes during the different phases of breathing because the alveolar which connected to atmosphere via tubing of airways.Due to certain characteristics of the lungs the intrapleural pressure is always lower than or negative to the intra-alveolar pressure.
Intrapleural pressure air within the pleura cavity , Intra- alveolar pressure, between the visceral and parietal pleurae, , intrapleural pressure which is also changes during the different phases of breathing and due to certain characteristics of the lungs, the intra-alveolar pressure .
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The gap explored wage, health, and safety issues in its plants. What other issues might the company explore if it wants to ensure the best working conditions possible?
That gaps has made efforts to settle their wages and safety issues in its plants. These issues were faced by gap in earlier 1990 and it has huge impact on operations of company.
When the company realized that health, safety and wage issues , these are solve it out the best possible solution. Ethical issues which sorted out , such as physical abuse labors would experience. 100 countries only 136 were they perform their operations just because of violation company was witnessing.
Without the ethical issues , business as they did before and implemented the ethical ways of doing business or other entity cannot procedure good result. An appropriate leadership can solve their ethics problem which is the company provides training to leader and help in workflow of the company.
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Select all the correct answers. which two statements about composite materials are true? they’re made up of more than one substance. they have the same or similar properties as the materials used to make them. they’re always made of metal. they’re readily available in nature.
Correct Statements are -
They’re made up of more than one substance.They’re readily available in nature.What are Composite Materials?Composite materials are created by combining two or more substances with dissimilar properties. Composite materials have distinct properties that distinguish them from their constituents, and the constituents can be easily distinguished within the composite materials because they do not blend together. Some composite materials are abundant in nature. Wood, for example, is a composite material made up of cellulose and lignin.To learn more about Matter from the given link
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What is a zone of inhibition? how did you measure the zone of inhibition? which unit of measurement was used?
The Zone of Inhibition is a circular ideal getaway the antibiotic spot where bacteria colonies do not grow. The zone of inhibition can be used to assess the bacteria's susceptibility to the antibiotic.
What is the standard size of zone of inhibition?For four bacterial strains, the inhibitory activity zones at 100 g/disc and minimum inhibitory intensity values are 11.0-20.0 mm and 125-250 g/mL, respectively.
The zone is evaluated by the diameter, with no regard for the disc. If you only have a provisional zone due to intersecting zones by neighboring disks, measure the radius from the disc's middle (center) to the zone's edge and multiply by two.
The Zone of Inhibition is a spherical ideal antibiotic getaway zone in which bacteria colonies are not allowed to not grow.
Thus, this way the zone of inhibition can be measured.
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What might explain the association between malignant tumors and chromosomal abnormalities?
Two prominent feature of cancer cells abnormal no of chromosomes and large scale structural rearrangements of chromosomes. The chromosome aberrations of chromosome and these are caused by genomic instabilities inherent to most cancers.
The chromosomal abnormalities which is change to child genetics material or DNA which the baby's development before birth. It is also causes miscarriage, disease or problems in development. It is known as aneuploidy, which is abnormal chromosome number due to an extra or missing chromosome.
Malignant tumors cells that can grow uncontrollably and spread locally. It is cancerous which is invade other sites. They also spread bloodstream and this is called metastasis.
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Why do humans have a strong impact on the fast carbon cycle?
Burning fossil fuels or cement has relatively little of an influence on humans in terms of producing carbon dioxide. The general people has been duped into believing we are a major factor in the greenhouse effect.
The biggest misconception regarding the movement for people to emit no net amount of CO2 is that natural supplies of this plant nourishment dwarf our emissions. This indicates that even if all people disappeared overnight, atmospheric CO2 levels would not significantly drop.
The statistics on the steady increase in CO2 throughout the heaviest periods of the global lockdown, which significantly restricted any human-sourced emissions, will give you a decent idea of this.
As for the so-called greenhouse gases, CO2 naturally occurs in water vapor, which makes up more than three times as much of the GHG as CO2. This indicates that the human component of the GHG is 0.6 percent.
When you take into account how little human emissions are in the grand scheme of things, you have to stop and wonder if any efforts you make to lower your emissions are in vain.
Thank you,
Eddie
What type of spider is this, i just got bit by it
Answer:
It is not actually a spider it is a tick known as the American dog tick or the wood tick.
Explanation:
I hope this helps.
Type your response in the box.
A forest fire damaged many trees in a forest. Squirrels and other plant-eating animals depend on these trees for food and shelter. Will the forest fire affect the carnivores of the ecosystem? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
The lack of trees causes the herbivores to have less shelter which leads them to be more exposed to carnivores so they might get eaten quicker. Slowly the amount of herbivores will die and there will be less food for the carnivores causing them to die aswell.
(I hope this helps!)
The cns (central nervous system) is lacking in animals that have ________.
a. a complete gut
b. a closed circulatory system
c. radial symmetry
d. excitable membranes
The central nervous system is lacking in animals that have radial symmetry because radial symmetry has a shape of symmetry where distinguishable parts are organized in circular mold around the central p-ivot. Thus, option C is correct.
What is radial symmetry?Radial symmetry is a form of symmetry in which identical parts are arranged in circular pattern around the central axis.
Animal having radial symmetry can be divided into equal halves when cutting through the central axis.
Animals such as starfish, Hydra and coelenterata shows radial symmetry.
Therefore, the central nervous system is lacking in animals that have radial symmetry.Thus, option C is correct.
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After the mordant has been added, gram-positive organisms are stained __________ and gram-negative organisms are stained __________.
In gram staining After the mordant has been added, gram-positive organisms are stained purple-violet and gram-negative organisms are stained violet black.
Gram-positive cells will be stained a purplish-blue tint at the conclusion of the gram staining process. Crystal violet is also taken up by gram negative cells, and much like in gram positive cells, the iodine forms a crystal violet-iodine compound in the cells.Gram's Iodine serves as the mordant. This forms a substantial complex that binds to the crystal violet and attaches to the cell membrane.In Gram negative bacteria, there is a thin peptidoglycan layer sandwiched between two thin cell membranes. The bacteria are first rinsed with crystal violet, a purple stain, then iodine to perform a Gram stain. Iodine and crystal violet combine to generate massive complexes that adhere to cells and color them purple.learn more about gram staining here: https://brainly.com/question/13561218
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If a man weighs 190 lb and eats 150 g protein per day, his protein intake is _____ of the recommended dietary allowance (rda)
The RDA for protein is 0.8 g per kilogram of body weight. This man's weight is 190 lb, or 86 kg; 86 kg × 0.8 = 69.1 g protein per day. Thus, an intake of 150 g is more than twice his RDA of 69.1 g of protein per day.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of protein for adults is 0.8 g per kilogram of body weight. To determine your RDA for protein, multiply your weight in pounds by 0.36.The protein RDA for adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of healthy body weight per day.
Proteins build muscle mass and contour, facilitate hair, nails and bone growth, regulate energy levels, and support chemical processes within the body which include enzyme, hormone and antibody production.
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Before a molecule of mrna can be translated into a protein on the ribosome, the mrna must first be transcribed from a sequence of dna. True or false?.
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
Information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) which is what is called Transcription, and mRNA is later translated into a polypeptide sequence(Protein) which is what is called Translated. The whole process is called the Central Dogma.
After a signal binds to a signal receptor, the next step is transduction. Why is the signal transduction step necessary?.
The correct option is (C).
The more molecules that share the responsibility of passing the signal to activate the effector the more quickly and efficiently the message can spread.
What is Signal transduction?
The process by which a cell responds to substances outside the cell through signaling molecules found on the surface of and inside the cell.Three steps can be identified in cell signaling: A cell recognizes a signaling chemical coming from outside the cell, Transduction: The receptor protein is altered in some way when the signaling molecule attaches to it and finally, the signal causes a particular biological reaction.Because multicellular animals must coordinate the actions of hundreds to trillions of cells, signal transduction systems are particularly crucial in these systems. Cell-to-cell communication is made possible by a variety of methods that multicellular organisms have created.Learn more about the Signal transduction with the help of the given link:
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I understand that the quesion you are looking for is "After a signal binds to a signal receptor, the next step is transduction. Why is the signal transduction step necessary?
(A) The signal transduction pathway is not necessary since the signal can directly activate the effector.
(B) Transmission of the signal through multiple relay molecules before activating an effector is not efficient.
(C) The more molecules that share the responsibility of passing the signal to activate the effector the more quickly and efficiently the message can spread.
(D) The efficiency increases when less molecules share the responsibility of moving the signal from one molecule to the next to activate the effector."
A subsurface rock layer that is composed of clay and bedrock and is an impermeable barrier to water flow would be described as a(n):_________
a. geyser
b. aquifer
c. oxbow
d. lake
e. aquiclude
A subsurface rock layer that is composed of clay and bedrock and is an impermeable barrier to water flow would be described as a(n) aquifer(option b).
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt).
The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is called hydrogeology. Aquifers occur from near-surface to deeper than 9,000 metres (30,000 ft).
There are three different types of aquifers: confined, unconfined, and perched. Recharge zones are typically at higher altitudes but can occur wherever water enters an aquifer, such as from rain, snowmelt, river and reservoir leakage, or from irrigation.
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Before any cell divides it must first duplicate its entire _______________, which consist of all the cell's _____________ material. subject
Answer:
genome, which contains all of its DNA (or RNA in certain viruses), the DNA contains the information for cell processes.
Explanation:
Removal of waste and addition of fresh nutrients will most help increase which part of a growth curve?
Removal of waste and addition of fresh nutrients will most help increase stationary phase of a growth curve.
what is bacterial growth curve?It is a graphical representation of the number of live cells in population of bacteria over a period of time.
In lag Phase growth curve, no cell division has been observed instead cellular activity are seen.
In exponential phase the cells undergo division by binary fission and
In stationary Phase the population growth experienced to decline due to depletion in nutrients availability and accumulation of waste products.
In death Phase, increase in waste products concentration decline in cells.
Thus, stationary phase is the correct answer.
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Scientific evidence is information that supports or contradicts a claim. This information can come from a variety of sources: research, experimentation, and data interpretation. In science, it is important to have multiple pieces of evidence to support your claim. Return to this page to record your evidence while working through the lessons. What evidence have you discovered to support or contradict your claim?
The evidence which I have discovered is that I know of two couples whose genotype are AA; yet they have SS as one of their offsprings
What is scientific evidence?Scientific evidence can simply be defined as proofs which serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis.
As a matter of fact too, observations provide evidence for scientific theories.
Furthermore, scientific claims are statements made in science based on an experiment which usually, frequently and most of the times backs up experimental data which a scientist created.
Scientists employs different types of investigations to research and develop evident explanations for events in the nature
Descriptive investigationComparative investigation.Experimental investigationSo therefore, the evidence which I have and discovered is that I know of two couples whose genotype are AA; yet they have SS as one of their offsprings
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What would happen if everyone ate raw food only?
Answer: they would have diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting, and a fever.
Explanation:
Chris and his friends go swimming in a local river. Afterward, his friends break out with a rash, but he does not. The group soon discovers the river has toxins in it from a nearby factory. Chris's doctor determines that Chris did not react to the toxin because his daily medication combined with the toxin to stop the reaction. Which statement best explains why Chris did not get a rash from the water, but his friends did?
Chris's reaction is chronic and has a synergistic relationship with the toxin.
Chris's medication has an antagonistic relationship with the toxin in the water.
His friend's reaction is acute and reveals an antagonistic relationship with the toxin.
Chris's medication has a synergistic relationship with the toxin in the water.
The statement that best explains why Chris did not get a rash from the water was that Chris's medication has an antagonistic relationship with the toxin in the water. That is option B.
What is drug-drug interaction?Drug-drug interaction is definitely as the relationship that exists between two drugs when administered together or at the same time.
This relationship that exists between the drugs could be:
Synergistic relationship orAntagonist relationship.A synergistic relationship is the type of relationship that occurs between two drugs where by the total effect of the drugs are greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug.
An antagonistic relationship is the type of relationship that occurs between two drugs where by the both drugs has opposite effects on the body.
Therefore, Chris didn't have the rash because his medication has an antagonistic relationship with the toxin in the water.
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The reason why Chris did not get a rash from the water, but his friends did is that Chris's medication has a synergistic relationship with the toxin in the water.
What is a toxin?A toxin is any subsistence which is able to interact with the body cells in a way that could cause overall harm to the body. Toxins may be waste materials from factories or substances that are extracted from living things.
In any case, the common factor that underlies every material that is referred to as a toxin is the fact that it is able to cause harm in the body.
Thus, the reason why Chris did not get a rash from the water, but his friends did is that Chris's medication has a synergistic relationship with the toxin in the water.
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The ________ is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth. vestibule membranous callus bony callus bony labyrinth auditory ossicle
The bony labyrinth is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth.
Labyrinth is the name given to the inner ear. It is made up of a network of interconnecting sacs and canals. The inner ear is composed of two parts: bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth. A vestibule, three semicircular canals, and a spirally wound cochlea make up the bony labyrinth. It is perilymph-filled.
The membranous labyrinth is encircled by the bony labyrinth. It includes the hearing and balance sensory receptors. The cochlear duct, saccule, and utricle and three semicircular ducts that make up the endolymph-filled membranous labyrinth. The cristae, an organ of corti, and the ampullaris maculae are examples of sensory receptors.
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The arrival of a nerve impulse at the synaptic knob of a motor neuron causes synaptic vesicles to release _____ into the synaptic cleft.
A Final statement or concluding statement
The arrival of a nerve impulse at the synaptic knob of a motor neuron causes synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft.
What is released by synaptic knob?A neurotransmitter-containing membrane-enclosed vesicle fills the synaptic knob. The synaptic knob's arrival of an action potential opens [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] channels in the plasma membrane. Some of the vesicles undergo exocytosis in response to the [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] influx. The synaptic cleft receives the discharge of their neurotransmitter. The receptors on the postsynaptic membrane are where the neurotransmitter molecules bind. These receptors are ion channels that are ligand-gated.
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Darwin and ________ both developed and proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection
Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace were the scientist and naturalist who proposed and developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
What is theory of evolution?According to theory of evolution "the process in which all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
The main features of theory of evolution are:
individuals of a species are not identical characters are trasfered from one generation to next generationthe number of survival species are less than the born speciesthe survivors are able to reproduceTherefore, Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace both developed and proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
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Where does cellular respiration take place?
A. Chloroplasts
B. Mitochondria
C. Cytoplasm
D. Lungs
B. Mitochondria
The process of cellular respiration is essentially when oxygen and carbon transfuse themselves together to create carb on dioxide, which in turns creates energy.
The entire process is formed in the powerhouse of the cell, or in other words, the mitochondria.
A part of this question that may have been confusing is the answer, "lungs". Since respiration is correlated to the lungs, you may have been confused. However, this is a process that occurs within your cells, so on a small scale than your entire body.
________ is a critical abiotic factor that contributes to plant growth in savanna ecosystems.
Fire is a critical abiotic factor that contributes to plant growth in savanna ecosystems.
An abiotic factor is a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment. In a terrestrial ecosystem, examples might include water, light, fire, radiation, temperature, humidity, atmosphere, acidity, and soil.
A savanna is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) ecosystem characterized by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of grasses. The abiotic, or non-living, factors that affect an ecosystem include the local temperature, light intensity, geology and presence of pollutants.
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Which muscle is highlighted? which muscle is highlighted? internal intercostal subclavius splenius cervicis innermost intercostal
Internal intercostal is referred to the muscle highlighted and is therefore denoted as option A.
What is Internal intercostal?These are the muscles which are located within the ribs and help to protect internal organs such as lungs.
These muscles also ensure adequate execution of activities such as talking and singing as they are responsible for the expulsion of air from the mouth and nose thereby making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
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A scientist samples a population of butterflies and finds that 56% are heterozygous at a particular locus. If the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, what should be the frequency of the homozygous individuals in this population?.
0.44 the frequency of the homozygous individuals in this population.
What is Hardy-Weinberg principle ?
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
From the Hardy Weinberg Law of Population and Genetics,
We have
x²+2xy+y²=1 and
x+y=1
where
x = frequency of the dominant allele in the population
y = frequency of the recessive allele in the population
x2 = percentage of homozygous dominant individuals
y2 = percentage of homozygous recessive individuals
2xy = percentage of heterozygous individuals
Given 2xy = 0.56
from here, y=0.28/x, (the frequency of the recessive allele ) can be obtained
we need to find 'x'
recall, x+y=1, x=1-y
substituting this gives us
y=0.28/(1-y), which becomes,
y(1-y)=0.28
y²- y + 0.28 (quadratic equation)
Solving this to find 'y' gives two imaginary values of y = 0.44 but ,
There is no imaginary solution .
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