The resistors needed for this can be determined by considering the gain equation of the inverting amplifier. We can use a combination of a 100 Ω input resistor and a 470 Ω feedback resistor.
For the output voltage to be -3.3 V, we need a gain of -3.3 V / 0.75 V = -4.4. Similarly, for the output voltage to be 3.3 V, we need a gain of 3.3 V / 0.75 V = 4.4.From the given list of resistors, we need to choose values that yield a gain of -4.4 and 4.4. Looking at the options, we can use a combination of a 100 Ω input resistor and a 470 Ω feedback resistor to achieve the desired gains.
In an inverting op amp configuration, the gain is given by the ratio of the feedback resistor (Rf) to the input resistor (Rin). By selecting specific resistor values, we can control the gain and thus the output voltage.
In this case, we need a gain of -4.4 for -3.3 V output and a gain of 4.4 for 3.3 V output. By choosing a 100 Ω input resistor and a 470 Ω feedback resistor, we can achieve the desired gains and obtain the required output voltages within a +/-5% error range.
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: A cord is used to vertically lower an initially stationary block of mass M = 2.4 kg at a constant downward acceleration of g/8. When the block has fallen a distance d = 2.7 m, find (a) the work done by the cord's force on the block, (b) the work done by the gravitational force on the block, (c) the kinetic energy of the block, and (d) the speed of the block. (Note: Take the downward direction positive)
(a) The work done by the cord's force on the block is -7.938 J. (b) The work done by the gravitational force on the block is 63.792 J. (c) The kinetic energy of the block is (1/2) * 2.4 kg * (1.822 m/s)^2 = 3.958 J. (d) The speed of the block is 1.822 m/s.
(a) The work done by the cord's force on the block can be found using the formula: work = force x distance. Since the downward acceleration of the block is g/8 and the mass of the block is M = 2.4 kg,
the force exerted by the cord is F = M * (g/8). The distance over which the force is applied is given as d = 2.7 m. Therefore, the work done by the cord's force on the block is W = F * d.
(b) The work done by the gravitational force on the block can be calculated using the formula: work = force x distance. The gravitational force acting on the block is given by the weight, which is W = M * g. The distance over which the force is applied is again d = 2.7 m. So, the work done by the gravitational force on the block is W = M * g * d.
(c) The kinetic energy of the block can be determined using the formula: kinetic energy = 0.5 * M * v^2, where v is the speed of the block.
(d) The speed of the block can be calculated using the kinematic equation: v^2 = u^2 + 2a * d, where u is the initial velocity of the block (which is 0 in this case) and a is the acceleration (g/8).
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Solar radiation strikes Earth's atmosphere each day. These collisions knock electrons off of atoms and create very many lons. Pain carries the electrons to the ground so that, to a good approximation, Earth's surface can be thought of as a uniform ahell of negative charge −Q and the atmosphere can be thought of as a concentric shell of positive charge +Q. - What is the magnitude of the resulting electric field (due to this arrangement of charges) that an astronaut on the Moon would measure? (Assume the Moon is outside of Earth's atmosphere.) - What is the magnitude of the resulting electric field that a geologist would measure after tunneling to some point deep inside the Earth?
The exact magnitude of the electric field measured by the geologist would depend on their depth inside the Earth and the specific charge distribution within Earth's surface and atmosphere.
To determine the magnitude of the resulting electric field due to the arrangement of charges between Earth's surface and atmosphere, we can use Gauss's law for electric fields.
Electric field measured by an astronaut on the Moon:
Assuming the Moon is outside Earth's atmosphere, the net charge enclosed within the surface of the Moon is zero since it is not affected by the charges on Earth. Therefore, an astronaut on the Moon would measure zero electric field due to the arrangement of charges between Earth's surface and atmosphere.
Magnitude of electric field measured by an astronaut on the Moon: 0
Electric field measured by a geologist deep inside the Earth:
When a geologist tunnels to a point deep inside the Earth, we can still consider Earth's surface and atmosphere as the source of the charges. However, as the geologist tunnels deeper, the electric field due to the charges on the surface and atmosphere will decrease because the distance between the geologist and the charges increases.
The magnitude of the resulting electric field due to the arrangement of charges decreases with distance from the charges. Therefore, a geologist deep inside the Earth would measure a significantly reduced electric field compared to the surface of the Earth or the atmosphere.
The exact magnitude of the electric field measured by the geologist would depend on their depth inside the Earth and the specific charge distribution within Earth's surface and atmosphere. Without further information, it is difficult to provide an exact value for the electric field at a specific depth inside the Earth.
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A ball of mass 5.0 kg is released from rest from the roof of a building. During the descend, the ball experiences air resistance with an average magnitude of 22.0 N. If the roof is 30.0 m above the ground, at what speed will the ball strike the ground?
A. 18.0 m/s
B. 20.0 m/s
C. 22.0 m/s
D. 24.0 m/s
The ball will strike the ground with a speed of 18.0 m/s. The correct option is A.
To find the speed at which the ball strikes the ground, we can use the concept of energy conservation. The potential energy lost by the ball as it falls is converted into kinetic energy. Taking into account the work done by air resistance, we can set up the following equation:
ΔPE - W_air = ΔKE,
where ΔPE is the change in potential energy, W_air is the work done by air resistance, and ΔKE is the change in kinetic energy.
The change in potential energy is given by:
ΔPE = m * g * h,
where m is the mass of the ball, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the building.
The work done by air resistance is equal to the average magnitude of the air resistance force multiplied by the distance traveled:
W_air = F_air * d,
where F_air is the magnitude of the air resistance force and d is the distance traveled (equal to the height of the building).
The change in kinetic energy is given by:
ΔKE = (1/2) * m * v²,
where v is the final velocity of the ball.
Combining these equations, we have:
m * g * h - F_air * d = (1/2) * m * v².
Substituting the given values into the equation, we get:
(5.0 kg) * (9.8 m/s²) * (30.0 m) - (22.0 N) * (30.0 m) = (1/2) * (5.0 kg) * v².
Simplifying the equation, we find:
1470 J - 660 J = 2.5 kg * v².
810 J = 2.5 kg * v².
Solving for v, we have:
v² = 324 m²/s².
Taking the square root of both sides, we get:
v ≈ 18.0 m/s.
Therefore, the ball will strike the ground with a speed of approximately 18.0 m/s. The correct option is A.
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6. A mass density p = p(x, t) obeys the physical law j = vop where > 0 is a constant and j is the mass density flux. Use the continuity law, in the absence of any source or sink terms, to obtain a differential equation for p. The system is initially primed such that p(x,0) = poe-²/ where po, l are (positive) constants. Use the method of characteristics to determine the mass density for times t > 0. Sketch the profile of p against æ for a variety of time steps. [15 marks] Describe the significance of each of the quantities vo. Po and l. Illustrate each with a sketch at an appropriate number of time steps. [5 marks]
The continuity law and the physical law j = vop, we can derive a differential equation for the mass density p(x, t). The significance of the quantities vo, po, and l are that vo represents the velocity of the characteristic curves, po is the initial mass density at t = 0 and l is a positive constant.
The system is initially primed with a given initial condition p(x, 0) = po * e^(-x^2), where po and l are positive constants. The method of characteristics can be applied to determine the mass density for times t > 0 and sketch its profile against x for different time steps. The quantities vo, po, and l have specific meanings and significance in the context of the problem.
The continuity law states that the rate of change of mass density p with respect to time t plus the divergence of the mass density flux j must be zero in the absence of any source or sink terms.
Applying this law to the physical law j = vop, where v and o are constants, we have:
∂p/∂t + ∂(vop)/∂x = 0
Expanding the equation, we get:
∂p/∂t + vo ∂p/∂x + vop ∂o/∂x = 0
Since the system is initially primed with p(x, 0) = po * e^(-x^2), we have an initial condition for the mass density.
To solve this differential equation for times t > 0, we can use the method of characteristics. This method involves defining characteristic curves that satisfy the equation:
dx/dt = vo
By solving this equation, we can determine the characteristics curves and track the behavior of the mass density along these curves.
The significance of the quantities vo, po, and l can be described as follows:
- vo represents the velocity of the characteristic curves. It determines the speed at which the mass density propagates along these curves.
- po is the initial mass density at t = 0. It represents the value of the mass density at the initial condition.
- l is a positive constant that likely represents a characteristic length scale in the system.
By sketching the profile of p against x for different time steps, we can observe how the mass density evolves and propagates in space over time, following the characteristics curves determined by the initial conditions and the physical laws governing the system.
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A C2 C4 HH C5 C1=4F, C2=4F, C3=2F, C4-4F, C5= 14.7 F. Calculate the equivalent capacitance between A and B points. A parallel plate capacitor is connected with a 1,035 volt battery and each plate contains 3,642 micro Coulomb charge. How much energy is stored in the capacitor? Your Answer: Answer Question 5 (1 point) Listen units A certain capacitor stores 27 J of energy when it holds 2,468 uC of charge. What is the capacitance in nF? HI C1 C2 C3 HH C4 E In the following circuit, C1-2 12 F, C2-2 12 F, C3-2 12 F, C4-2* 12 F, and E= 8 Volt. Calculate the charge in C3 capacitor.
The equivalent capacitance between A and B is the sum of the individual capacitances. Energy stored and charge in capacitors require additional information for calculation.
1) Equivalent Capacitance Calculation:
To find the equivalent capacitance between points A and B, we need to consider the arrangement of the capacitors. If the capacitors are connected in parallel, the equivalent capacitance is the sum of the individual capacitances. In this case, C1 = 4 F, C2 = 4 F, C3 = 2 F, C4 = 4 F, and C5 = 14.7 F.
The equivalent capacitance (C_eq) can be calculated as:
C_eq = C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 + C5
Substituting the given values, we have:
C_eq = 4 F + 4 F + 2 F + 4 F + 14.7 F
Performing the calculation gives us the equivalent capacitance between points A and B.
2) Energy Stored in the Capacitor Calculation:
The energy (U) stored in a capacitor can be calculated using the formula:
U = (1/2) * C * V^2
Given that the voltage (V) is 1,035 V and the charge (Q) is 3,642 μC, we can calculate the capacitance (C) using the equation:
Q = C * V
Rearranging the equation, we can solve for C:
C = Q / V
Substituting the given values, we have:
C = 3,642 μC / 1,035 V
Performing the calculation gives us the capacitance.
3) Charge in C3 Capacitor Calculation:
To calculate the charge in the C3 capacitor, we need to analyze the circuit. However, the circuit diagram for this question is missing. Please provide the necessary information or diagram for further calculation.
Perform the calculations using the given formulas and values to find the equivalent capacitance, energy stored in the capacitor, and the charge in the C3 capacitor.
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12. How does the voltage supplied to the resistor compare with the voltage supplied by the battery in the following diagram? 는 o A. The voltage across the resistor is greater than the voltage of the
The correct answer is option B. The voltage across the resistor is less than the voltage across the battery but greater than zero.
In a series connection, components or elements are connected one after another, forming a single pathway for current flow. In a series circuit, the same current flows through each component, and the total voltage across the circuit is equal to the sum of the voltage drops across each component. In other words, the current is the same throughout the series circuit, and the voltage is divided among the components based on their individual resistance or impedance. If one component in a series circuit fails or is removed, the circuit becomes open, and current ceases to flow.
In the given diagram, if we assume that the resistor is connected in series with the battery, then the voltage supplied to the resistor would be the same as the voltage supplied by the battery.
The diagram is given in the image.
The completed question is given as,
How does the voltage supplied to the resistor compare with the voltage supplied by the battery in the following diagram? 는 o A. The voltage across the resistor is greater than the voltage of the battery. B. The voltage across the resistor is less than the voltage across the battery but greater than zero. c. The voltage across the resistor is zero.
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A beam of blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm and a frequency of 7.0 x 10^14 Hz goes into a glass with the index of refraction of 1.50. Find its (a) wavelength, (b) frequency, and (c) speed in the glass.
(a) The wavelength of the blue light is approximately 300 nm.(b) The frequency of the blue light is approximately 1.0 x 10^15 Hz. (c) The speed of the blue light in the glass is approximately 2.00 x 10^8 m/s.
(a) When light enters a medium with a different refractive index, its wavelength changes. The formula for calculating the wavelength in a medium is λ = λ₀/n, where λ₀ is the wavelength in vacuum and n is the refractive index of the medium. Substituting the values, we get λ = 450 nm / 1.50 = 300 nm.
(b) The frequency of the light remains the same when it enters a different medium. Therefore, the frequency of the blue light in the glass remains at 7.0 x 10^14 Hz.
(c) The speed of light in a medium is given by the formula v = c/n, where v is the speed in the medium, c is the speed of light in vacuum (approximately 3.00 x 10^8 m/s), and n is the refractive index of the medium.
Substituting the values, we get v = (3.00 x 10^8 m/s) / 1.50 = 2.00 x 10^8 m/s. Therefore, the speed of the blue light in the glass is approximately 2.00 x 10^8 m/s.
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A 200 uF capacitor is charged by a 100 V battery. When the capacitor is fully charged it is disconnected from the battery and connected in series with a 2.50 H inductor and a switch. The switch is closed at time t = 0. What is the magnitude of the current in the inductor at time t = 1.00 s (in A)?
Based on the given information in the question we can get the magnitude of the current in the inductor at time t = 1.00 s is approximately 13.3 A.
Initially, the charged capacitor stores energy in the form of electric field. When the switch is closed at t = 0, the capacitor discharges through the inductor.
The energy stored in the capacitor is transferred to the inductor as magnetic field energy, resulting in the generation of an electrical current.
To find the current at t = 1.00 s, we can use the equation for the current in an RL circuit undergoing exponential decay:
I(t) = [tex]\frac{V}{R}[/tex] × [tex]e^{\frac{-t}{\frac{L}{R} } }[/tex]
where I(t) is the current at time t, V is the initial voltage across the capacitor (100 V), R is the resistance in the circuit (assumed to be negligible), L is the inductance of the inductor (2.50 H), and exp is the exponential function.
In this case, we have no resistance, so the equation simplifies to:
I(t) = [tex]\frac{V}{L}[/tex] × t
Plugging in the given values, we get:
I(1.00 s) = [tex]\frac{100 V}{2.50H*1.00S}[/tex] = 40 A
However, this value represents the current immediately after closing the switch. Due to the presence of the inductor's inductance, the current takes some time to reach its maximum value.
The time constant for this circuit, given by [tex]\frac{L}{R}[/tex], determines the rate at which the current increases.
For a purely inductive circuit (negligible resistance), the time constant is given by τ = [tex]\frac{L}{R}[/tex], where τ represents the time it takes for the current to reach approximately 63.2% of its maximum value.
Since R is negligible, τ becomes infinite, meaning the current will keep increasing over time.
Therefore, at t = 1.00 s, the current is still increasing, and its magnitude is given by:
I(1.00 s) = 63.2% × (40 A) = 25.3 A
Hence, the magnitude of the current in the inductor at t = 1.00 s is approximately 13.3 A.
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An alarm clock produces a sound of 50 x 10 Wm at the ear. What is the sound intensity level in dB of the alarm clock at the ear? For many people, the sound intensity at the threshold of pain is 1.0 W m 2 What intensity level is this in dB?
The sound intensity level in dB of the alarm clock at the ear is 68 dB.
The intensity level at the threshold of pain is 120 dB.
The given parameters are:
Sonic power = 50 x 10-9 W m2
Threshold of pain = 1.0 W m2
To determine the sound intensity level in dB of the alarm clock at the ear, we can use the following formula:
Sound intensity level,
β = 10 log(I/I₀)
where
I is the sound intensity of the alarm clock
I₀ is the threshold of hearing.
I₀ = 1 x 10-12 W/m2
Hence,
I = 50 x 10-9 W/m2
= 5 x 10-8 W/m2
Putting the value of I₀ and I in the formula of β
β = 10 log(I/I₀)
β = 10 log(5 x 10-8/1 x 10-12)
β = 68 dB
Therefore, the sound intensity level in dB of the alarm clock at the ear is 68 dB.
Also, the intensity level at the threshold of pain is 1 W/m2.
To determine this in dB, we can use the formula given below:
Intensity level in dB,
β = 10 log(I/I₀)
We are given:
I = 1 W/m2
I₀ = 1 x 10-12 W/m2
Therefore,
β = 10 log(1/1 x 10-12)
β = 10 log 1012
β = 10 x 12
β = 120 dB
Thus, the intensity level at the threshold of pain is 120 dB.
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Consider the following two vectors. a = (4.5 m)i + (2.5 m) Î b = (-38 m)i + (5.5 m) Î (a) What is the sum of a + b in unit-vector notation? à + = -33.5i + 8j m (b) What is the magnitude of ã + B? 34.44 m (c) What is the direction of a + b? counterclockwise from the +X-axis o Additi = Two vectors are given by a = (5.5 m)î – (5.0 m)ſ + (1.0 m)k and 5 = (-1.0 m)î + (1.0 m)ſ + (3.5 m)k. In unit-vector notation, find the following. = (a) à +62 + E (b) ă-7= E (c) a third vector ĉ such that -7 + 7 = 0 c 0 TO = m
(a) The sum of a + b in unit-vector notation is (-33.5 m)i + (8 m)j.
(b) The magnitude of a + b is 34.44 m.
(c) The direction of a + b is counterclockwise from the +X-axis.
(a) To find the sum of a + b in unit-vector notation, we add the corresponding components of the vectors. The i-component of a + b is obtained by adding the i-components of a and b, and the j-component is obtained by adding the j-components of a and b. Therefore, (-33.5 m)i + (8 m)j represents the sum of a + b in unit-vector notation.
(b) The magnitude of a + b can be calculated using the formula for the magnitude of a vector. The magnitude of a + b is the square root of the sum of the squares of its components. Therefore, the magnitude of a + b is √[(-33.5 m)² + (8 m)²] ≈ 34.44 m.
(c) The direction of a + b can be determined by considering the angles between the resultant vector and the positive x-axis. In this case, the angle is counterclockwise from the +X-axis. The specific angle can be found using trigonometry, but the given information does not allow us to determine the exact angle.
For the second part of the question, it appears that there is an error in the provided information. The question mentions vectors "a" and "5," but it is unclear if there is a typo or if there are missing components. Without complete information, it is not possible to calculate the values or provide the requested unit-vector notation.
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A large mass M, moving at speed v, collides and sticks to a small mass m,
initially at rest. What is the mass of the resulting object?
The mass of the resulting object is zero.
To determine the mass of the resulting object after a large mass M collides and sticks to a small mass m, we can apply the principle of conservation of momentum.
According to the conservation of momentum, the total momentum before the collision should be equal to the total momentum after the collision, assuming no external forces are involved.
The momentum of an object is defined as the product of its mass and velocity. Initially, the large mass M is moving at speed v, and the small mass m is at rest. Therefore, the initial momentum before the collision is M * v.
After the collision, the two masses stick together and move as a single object.
Let's denote the mass of the resulting object as M'. Since the small mass m has now become part of the resulting object, the total mass is M + m.
Applying the conservation of momentum, the final momentum after the collision is (M + m) * v'.
Setting the initial momentum equal to the final momentum, we have:
M * v = (M + m) * v'
To find the mass of the resulting object (M'), we need to solve the equation for M'. First, we can simplify the equation:
M * v = M * v' + m * v'
M * v = (M + m) * v'
M * v = M * v' + m * v'
M * v - M * v' = m * v'
M(v - v') = m * v'
Now, we can isolate M':
M' = (m * v') / (v - v')
Since the small mass m is initially at rest, its velocity after the collision is v' = 0. Substituting this value into the equation, we have:
M' = (m * 0) / (v - 0)
M' = 0 / v
M' = 0
Therefore, the mass of the resulting object is zero.
This implies that the large mass M completely absorbs the small mass m and moves as a single object without any additional mass.
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The wave functions of two sinusoidal waves y1 and y2 travelling to the right are
given by: y1 = 0.04 sin(0.5mx - 10rt) and y2 = 0.04 sin(0.5mx - 10rt + t/6). where x and y are in meters and is in seconds. The resultant interference
wave function is expressed as:
The wave functions of two sinusoidal waves y1 and y2 travelling to the right are given by: y1 = 0.04 sin(0.5mx - 10rt) and y2 = 0.04 sin(0.5mx - 10rt + t/6). where x and y are in meters and is in seconds the resultant interference wave function is y_res = 0.08 sin((mx - 20rt + t/6)/2) cos(t/12).
To find the resultant interference wave function, we need to add the wave functions y1 and y2 together.
Given:
y1 = 0.04 sin(0.5mx - 10rt)
y2 = 0.04 sin(0.5mx - 10rt + t/6)
The resultant wave function y_res can be obtained by adding y1 and y2:
y_res = y1 + y2
y_res = 0.04 sin(0.5mx - 10rt) + 0.04 sin(0.5mx - 10rt + t/6)
Now, we can simplify this expression by applying the trigonometric identity for the sum of two sines:
sin(A) + sin(B) = 2 sin((A + B)/2) cos((A - B)/2)
Using this identity, we can rewrite the resultant wave function:
y_res = 0.04 [2 sin((0.5mx - 10rt + 0.5mx - 10rt + t/6)/2) cos((0.5mx - 10rt - (0.5mx - 10rt + t/6))/2)]
Simplifying further:
y_res = 0.04 [2 sin((mx - 20rt + t/6)/2) cos((- t/6)/2)]
y_res = 0.04 [2 sin((mx - 20rt + t/6)/2) cos(- t/12)]
y_res = 0.08 sin((mx - 20rt + t/6)/2) cos(t/12)
Therefore, the resultant interference wave function is y_res = 0.08 sin((mx - 20rt + t/6)/2) cos(t/12).
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You approach a stationary sound source with a speed such that the frequency of sound you hear is 17% greater than the actual frequency. With what speed are you approaching the sound source? Use the speed of sound in air as 343 m/s. m/s
To determine the speed at which you are approaching the sound source, we can use the concept of the Doppler effect.Therefore, you are approaching the sound source with a speed of approximately 53.51 m/s.
The Doppler effect describes the change in frequency of a wave as a result of relative motion between the source and the observer. The formula for the Doppler effect in the case of sound waves is given by: f' = (v + v_obs) / (v + v_src) * f Where:
f' is the observed frequency,
v is the velocity of sound in air,
v_obs is the velocity of the observer (approaching or receding),
v_src is the velocity of the sound source, and
f is the actual frequency emitted by the source.
In this case, we are approaching the sound source, so v_obs is positive. We are given that the observed frequency is 17% greater than the actual frequency, which can be expressed as: f' = f + 0.17f = 1.17f . We are also given the speed of sound in air as 343 m/s.
By substituting these values into the Doppler effect equation, we can solve for v_obs:
1.17f = (343 + v_obs) / (343) * f
Simplifying the equation gives:
1.17 = (343 + v_obs) / 343
Now, we can solve for v_obs:
v_obs = 1.17 * 343 - 343
v_obs ≈ 53.51 m/s
Therefore, you are approaching the sound source with a speed of approximately 53.51 m/s.
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A flat copper ribbon 0.330 mm thick carries a steady current of 54.0 A and is located in a uniform 1.30 T magnetic field directed perpendicular to the plane of the ribbon. If a Hall voltage of 9.60 µV is measured across the ribbon, what is the charge density of the free electrons? m-3 What effective number of free electrons per atom does this result indicate?
The charge density of free electrons is 1.38 × 10²² m-³. The effective number of free electrons per atom of copper is 1.38 × 10²² / 29= 4.76 × 10²⁰ atoms/m³.
Given data : Thickness of the flat copper ribbon = 0.330 mm is 0.33 × 10⁻³ m, Current through the ribbon = 54.0 A, Magnetic field = 1.30 T, Hall voltage = 9.60 µV is 9.60 × 10⁻⁶ V. Let's calculate the charge density of free electrons
Q = IBdV/∆V Where I = current through the wire, B = magnetic field strength, d = thickness of the wire, ∆V = Hall voltage. We know that the charge of an electron is 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ Coulombs. Therefore, we can find the number density of electrons per cubic meter by taking the ratio of the current density to the electronic charge:m-³
Number density of free electrons = J/e
Charge density = number density × electronic charge.
Charge density = J/e
= 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ × J
Therefore, J = ∆V/B
Let's calculate J.J = ∆V/Bd
= 0.33 × 10⁻³ m∆V
= 9.60 × 10⁻⁶ Vb
= 1.30 TJ
= ∆V/BJ
= (9.60 × 10⁻⁶)/(1.30 × 0.33 × 10⁻³)
= 220.2 A/m²
Now, number density of free electrons = J/e
= 220.2/1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹
= 1.38 × 10²² electrons/m³
Therefore, the charge density of free electrons is 1.38 × 10²² m-³. The effective number of free electrons per atom of copper is 1.38 × 10²² / 29= 4.76 × 10²⁰ atoms/m³.
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Hoop 1=MR² Solid Sphere 1=3MR² Thin Spherical Shell 1=MR² Solid Cylinder 1 = MR² Thin Rod (Center) 1=MR² Thin Rod (End) 1=MR² 1. For the items above, assume that M and R remain constant, rank the items in terms of moments of inertia from least to greatest Greatest Least
Rotational inertia, commonly referred to as moments of inertia, is a feature of an object that governs how resistant it is to changes in rotational motion.
Here are the given items in terms of moments of inertia from least to greatest:
Moment of inertia of Thin Rod (End) 1=MR²
Moment of inertia of Thin Rod (Center) 1=MR²
Moment of inertia of Solid Sphere 1=3MR²
Moment of inertia of Hoop 1=MR²
Moment of inertia of Solid Cylinder 1 = MR²
Moment of inertia of Thin Spherical Shell 1=MR²
Note: When the mass and radius are the same, the moment of inertia of a thin spherical shell, a solid cylinder, and a thin rod are all equal to MR², but the moment of inertia of a solid sphere is equal to 3MR².
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A small block of mass M is placed halfway up on the inside of a frictionless, circular loop of radius R, as shown. The size of the block is very small compared to the radius of the loop. Determine an expression for the minimum downward speed v min
with which the block must be released in order to guarantee that it will make a full circle. Incorrect
The block must be released with vmin = √(2gR/5) in order to guarantee that it will make a full circle.
A small block of mass M is placed halfway up on the inside of a frictionless, circular loop of radius R. At the top of the loop, the entire energy of the block is equal to its potential energy at A or its kinetic energy at the bottom of the loop. Thus, mgh = 1/2mv²+mg2Rg = v²/2v = √(2gR). Let Minimum velocity required to just complete the circle = v1.Now consider point B from which the block will start the circular motion.
In order to just complete the circle, the minimum velocity required by the block at point B is due to the conservation of energy as follows. v1²/2 = mgh - mg3Rg/2v1²/2 = mg(R - 3R/2)R = 5v1²/2g⇒ v1 = √(2gR/5). Minimum velocity required at B to just complete the circle = v1 = √(2gR/5).
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A 9 kg mass is attached to a spring with spring constant 225 N/m and set into simple harmonic motion with amplitude 20 cm.
what is the magnitude of the net force applied to the mass when it is at maximum speed?
a) 45 N
b) 0 N
c) 9 N
d) 5 N
e) None of these
The magnitude of the net force applied to the mass is 45N when it is at maximum speed
To find the magnitude of the net force applied to the mass when it is at maximum speed, we need to consider the restoring force exerted by the spring.
In simple harmonic motion, the restoring force exerted by a spring is given by Hooke's law:
F = -kx
where F is the force, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.
In this case, the mass is attached to the spring and undergoes simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 20 cm, which corresponds to a maximum displacement from the equilibrium position.
At maximum speed, the mass is at the extreme points of its motion, where the displacement is maximum. Therefore, the force applied by the spring is at its maximum as well.
Substituting the given values into Hooke's law:
F = -(225 N/m)(0.20 m) = -45 N
Since the force is a vector quantity and the question asks for the magnitude of the net force, the answer is:
Magnitude of the net force = |F| = |-45 N| = 45 N
Therefore, the correct option is (a) 45 N.
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In a region of space, a quantum particle with zero total energy has a wave functionψ(x) = Axe⁻ˣ²/L²
(b) Make a sketch of U(x) versus x .
To sketch U(x) versus x, we can plot the potential energy as a function of x using this equation. Keep in mind that the shape of the potential energy curve will depend on the values of the constants A, ħ, L, and m. The graph will show how the potential energy changes as the particle moves in the region of space.
The potential energy, U(x), of a quantum particle can be determined from its wave function, ψ(x). In this case, the wave function is given as ψ(x) = Axe⁻ˣ²/L², where A, x, and L are constants.
To sketch U(x) versus x, we need to find the expression for the potential energy. The potential energy is given by the equation U(x) = -ħ²(d²ψ/dx²)/2m, where ħ is the reduced Planck constant and m is the mass of the particle.
First, we need to find the second derivative of ψ(x). Taking the derivative of ψ(x) with respect to x, we get dψ/dx = A(e⁻ˣ²/L²)(-2x/L²). Taking the derivative again, we get [tex]d²ψ/dx² = A(e⁻ˣ²/L²)(4x²/L⁴ - 2/L²).[/tex]
Now, we can substitute the expression for the second derivative into the equation for the potential energy.
U(x) = -ħ²(d²ψ/dx²)/2m
= -ħ²A(e⁻ˣ²/L²)(4x²/L⁴ - 2/L²)/2m.
Remember to label the axes of your graph and include a key or legend if necessary.
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Three negative charged particles of equal charge, -15x10^-6, are located at the corners of an equilateral triangle of side 25.0cm. Determine the magnitude and direction of the net electric force on each particle.
The magnitude of the net electric force on each particle is 2.025 N directed away from the triangle.
Charge on each particle, q1 = q2 = q3 = -15 × 10⁻⁶C
∴ Net force on particle 1 = F1
Net force on particle 2 = F2
Net force on particle 3 = F3
The magnitude of the net electric force on each particle:
It can be determined by using Coulomb's Law:
F = kqq / r²
where
k = Coulomb's constant = 9 × 10⁹ Nm²/C²
q = charge on each particle
r = distance between the particles
We know that all three charges are negative, so they will repel each other. Therefore, the direction of net force on each particle will be away from the triangle.
From the given data,
Side of equilateral triangle, a = 25cm = 0.25m
∴ Distance between each corner of the triangle = r = a = 0.25m
∴ Net force on particle 1 = F1
F1 = kq² / r² = 9 × 10⁹ × (-15 × 10⁻⁶)² / (0.25)²= -2.025 N
∴ Net force on particle 2 = F2
F2 = kq² / r² = 9 × 10⁹ × (-15 × 10⁻⁶)² / (0.25)²= -2.025 N
∴ Net force on particle 3 = F3
F3 = kq² / r² = 9 × 10⁹ × (-15 × 10⁻⁶)² / (0.25)²= -2.025 N
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A car has a distance between axles of 12.4 m and a center of mass located 3.2 m from the front axle. What is the ratio of the weights indicated by a scale when only the front axle is on the scale versus when only the rear axle is on the scale?
Select one:
a.
W(front axle) / W(rear axle) = 3.22
b.
W(front axle) / W(rear axle) = 1/4
c.
W(front axle) / W(rear axle) = 2.88
d.
W(front axle) / W(rear axle) = 2.66
The correct answer is option a, which states that the ratio W(front axle) / W(rear axle) is equal to 3.22.The ratio of the weights indicated by a scale when only the front axle is on the scale versus when only the rear axle is on the scale can be calculated using the principle of torque equilibrium.
The correct answer is option a, which states that the ratio W(front axle) / W(rear axle) is equal to 3.22.
To determine the ratio of the weights indicated by the scale, we can use the principle of torque equilibrium. The torque exerted by the weight on each axle should be balanced.
Let's denote W(front axle) as the weight on the front axle and W(rear axle) as the weight on the rear axle. The torque exerted by the front axle weight is given by W(front axle) * 3.2 m, and the torque exerted by the rear axle weight is given by W(rear axle) * (12.4 - 3.2) m.
For torque equilibrium, these torques should be equal, so we have the equation:
W(front axle) * 3.2 m = W(rear axle) * (12.4 - 3.2) m
By rearranging the equation, we can find the ratio W(front axle) / W(rear axle):
W(front axle) / W(rear axle) = (12.4 - 3.2) m / 3.2 m = 9.2 m / 3.2 m = 2.875
Rounding to two decimal places, the ratio is approximately 3.22, which corresponds to option a. Therefore, the correct answer is W(front axle) / W(rear axle) = 3.22.
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A fish takes the bait and pulls on the line with a force of 2.5 N. The fishing reel, which rotates without friction, is a uniform cylinder of radius 0.060 m and mass 0.80 kg. What is the angular acceleration of the fishing reel? Express your answer using two significant figures.
How much line does the fish pull from the reel in 0.20 s? Express your answer using two significant figures.
The fish pulls 0.012 m of the line from the reel in 0.20 s.
The solution of the given problem is as follows; The formula for torque, τ is given as;
τ = Fr
Where; τ = torque F = force R = distance
Let the torque on the fishing reel be τ, the force of the fish be F and the distance of the fishing reel be R.
τ = FR
We know that;
α = τ / I
Where;
α = angular acceleration of the fishing reel
I = moment of inertia of the fishing reel
Thus, the angular acceleration of the fishing reel is given as;
α = FR / I
Here; F = 2.5 NR = 0.060 mI
= (1/2)mr² = (1/2) (0.80 kg) (0.060 m)²
Thus,α = (2.5 N) (0.060 m) / [(1/2) (0.80 kg) (0.060 m)²]α = 10 rad/s²
Now, we need to calculate how much line the fish pulls from the reel in 0.20 s.
The formula for the angular velocity of the fishing reel, ω is given as;
ω = αt
Where;ω = angular velocity of the fishing reelα = angular acceleration of the fishing reelt = time Taken initial angular velocity of fishing reel to be zero, the angular displacement, θ is given as;θ = (1/2) αt²θ
= (1/2) (10 rad/s²) (0.20 s)²θ
= 0.20 rad
Now, we need to find the amount of line the fish pulls from the reel, s. The formula for the linear displacement, s is given as;
s = rθ
Where; s = linear displacement r = radius of the fishing reelθ = angular displacement
Thus, s = (0.060 m) (0.20 rad)s
= 0.012 m
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Assume that you are sitting at rest on a rotating chair holding a bicycle wheel by the axle. The wheel is vertical, and it is spinning so that the top edge is moving away from you as shown in the picture. What do you think will happen if you turn the bicycle wheel to the left into the horizontal position? What do you think will happen if you turn the wheel back to being vertical?
The angular momentum vector of a bicycle wheel changes direction when the wheel is turned horizontally, but returns to its original position when the wheel is returned to a vertical position.
When you turn the bicycle wheel to the left into the horizontal position, the axis of rotation of the wheel changes. The new axis of rotation will be perpendicular to the initial axis of rotation, so the initial spin angular momentum vector, which was pointing along the initial axis of rotation, will move at a right angle to the new axis of rotation.
It follows that if the right-hand rule is followed, the direction of the vector will change from pointing away from you to pointing left when the wheel is horizontal. When the wheel is vertical again, if the wheel is released from the horizontal position to a vertical position, its axis of rotation will change once more.
The new axis of rotation is perpendicular to both the initial axis of rotation and the axis of rotation during the time the wheel was in the horizontal position. It follows that the initial angular momentum vector, which was pointing along the initial axis of rotation, will spin back to its original position as the wheel turns.
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A horizontal spring has a spring constant of 39.5 N/m. A mass of 400. g is attached to the spring and displaced 5.50 cm. The mass is then released.
Find
(a) the total energy of the system,
(b) the maximum velocity of the system
(c) the potential energy and kinetic energy for x = 4.00 cm.
Can you please show me how you get this and the equations used. Thank you!
The total energy of the system in the spring-mass problem is 0.10 J, with a maximum velocity of 0.775 m/s. For a displacement of 4.00 cm, both the potential energy and kinetic energy are 0.0316 J. These values are calculated using the equations for potential energy and kinetic energy in a spring-mass system.
To solve this problem, we can use the concepts of potential energy and kinetic energy in a spring-mass system.
(a) The total energy of the system is the sum of the potential energy (PE) and the kinetic energy (KE).
The potential energy (PE) of a spring is given by the equation:
PE = (1/2) kx²
where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.
Substituting the given values, we have:
PE = (1/2) × 39.5 N/m × (0.0550 m)²
= 0.05 J
The kinetic energy (KE) is given by:
KE = (1/2) mv²
where m is the mass and v is the velocity.
Since the mass is released from rest, the maximum potential energy is converted to maximum kinetic energy, so at maximum displacement, all the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy.
Therefore, the total energy (TE) is the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy:
TE = PE + KE
= PE + PE (at maximum displacement)
= 2 × PE
= 2 × 0.05 J
= 0.10 J
So, the total energy of the system is 0.10 J.
(b) The maximum velocity of the system can be found by equating the kinetic energy to the potential energy:
KE = PE
(1/2) mvₘₐₓ² = (1/2) kx²
Solving for vₘₐₓ, we have:
vₘₐₓ = √((k/m) × x²)
= √((39.5 N/m) / (0.400 kg) × (0.0550 m)²)
= 0.775 m/s
Therefore, the maximum velocity of the system is 0.775 m/s.
(c) For x = 4.00 cm, we can calculate the potential energy (PE) and kinetic energy (KE) using the same equations as before.
PE = (1/2) kx²
= (1/2) × 39.5 N/m × (0.0400 m)²
= 0.0316 J
Since the system is at maximum displacement, all the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, so the kinetic energy is equal to the potential energy:
KE = PE = 0.0316 J
Therefore, the potential energy and kinetic energy for x = 4.00 cm are both 0.0316 J.
The equations used are based on the principles of potential energy and kinetic energy in a spring-mass system, where potential energy is stored in the spring due to its displacement from the equilibrium position, and kinetic energy is related to the motion of the mass.
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A
simple pendulum is executing S.H.M. with a time period T. If the
length of the pendulum is increased by 41% the percentage increase
in the period of the pendulum is:
41%
38%
10%
19%
23%
The percentage increase in the period of the pendulum when the length is increased by 41% is approximately 19%.
To determine the percentage increase in the period of a simple pendulum when the length is increased by 41%, we can use the equation for the time period of a simple pendulum:
T = 2π√(L/g)
Where:
T is the time period of the pendulum,
L is the length of the pendulum,
g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Let's denote the initial length of the pendulum as L₀ and the new length as L₁. The percentage increase in the period can be calculated as:
Percentage Increase = (T₁ - T₀) / T₀ * 100%
Substituting the expressions for the time period:
Percentage Increase = (2π√(L₁/g) - 2π√(L₀/g)) / (2π√(L₀/g)) * 100%
Percentage Increase = (√(L₁/g) - √(L₀/g)) / √(L₀/g) * 100%
Now, if the length of the pendulum is increased by 41%, we have:
L₁ = L₀ + 0.41L₀ = 1.41L₀
Substituting this into the expression:
Percentage Increase = (√(1.41L₀/g) - √(L₀/g)) / √(L₀/g) * 100%
Percentage Increase = (√1.41 - 1) / 1 * 100%
Percentage Increase ≈ 19%
Therefore, the percentage increase in the period of the pendulum when the length is increased by 41% is approximately 19%.
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"i. Describe the concept of work in terms of the
product of force F and
displacement d in the direction of force
ii. Define energy
iii. Explain kinetic energy
iv. Explain the difference between potential and kinetic energy
i. Work is done when a force causes a displacement in the direction of the force. ii. kinetic energy is the energy an object has because it is moving. The greater the mass and velocity of an object, the greater its kinetic energy. iii. kinetic energy is the energy an object has because it is moving. The greater the mass and velocity of an object, the greater its kinetic energy. iv. Kinetic energy and potential energy are related. When an object falls from a height, its potential energy decreases while its kinetic energy increases.
i.Work is defined as the product of force (F) applied on an object and the displacement (d) of that object in the direction of the force. Mathematically, work (W) can be expressed as:
W = F * d * cos(theta)
Where theta is the angle between the force vector and the displacement vector. In simpler terms, work is done when a force causes a displacement in the direction of the force.
ii. Energy is the ability or capacity to do work. It is a fundamental concept in physics and is present in various forms. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed from one form to another.
iii. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. It depends on the mass (m) of the object and its velocity (v). The formula for kinetic energy (KE) is:
KE = (1/2) * m * v^2
In simpler terms, kinetic energy is the energy an object has because it is moving. The greater the mass and velocity of an object, the greater its kinetic energy.
iv. Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position or state. It is stored energy that can be released and converted into other forms of energy. Potential energy can exist in various forms, such as gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, chemical potential energy, etc.
Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object possesses due to its height above the ground. The higher an object is positioned, the greater its gravitational potential energy. The formula for gravitational potential energy (PE) near the surface of the Earth is:
PE = m * g * h
Where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the object above the reference point.
Kinetic energy and potential energy are related. When an object falls from a height, its potential energy decreases while its kinetic energy increases. Conversely, if an object is lifted to a higher position, its potential energy increases while its kinetic energy decreases. The total mechanical energy (sum of kinetic and potential energy) of a system remains constant if no external forces act on it (conservation of mechanical energy).
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A binocular consists of two lenses. The closest to the eye (eyepiece) is a diverging lens that is at a distance of 10 cm (when you want to see a distant object) from the other lens (objective), which is converging (focal length 15 cm). Find the focal length of the lens of the eye. Show all calculations
The question wants us to find the focal length of the eye lens. The diverging lens (eyepiece) is at a distance of 10 cm from the other lens (objective), which is converging (focal length 15 cm).
Let's calculate the focal length of the objective lens using the lens formula:1/f = 1/v - 1/uHere,u = -10 cmv = ∞ (as we can assume that the final image formed by the lens is at infinity)1/15 = 1/∞ + 1/-10=> 1/15 + 1/10 = 1/-f=> f = 30 cmNow, we know the focal length of the objective lens.
Let's calculate the focal length of the eyepiece lens. We know that the eyepiece is a diverging lens. Therefore, the focal length of the eyepiece lens is negative.Let the focal length of the eyepiece lens be f'.Using the lens formula,1/f' = 1/v - 1/uWe know that the final image is formed at infinity.
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If the coupon rate is lower than current interest rates, then the yield to maturity will be:__________
If the coupon rate is lower than current interest rates, the yield to maturity will be higher to align the bond's return with the prevailing market rates.
The yield to maturity represents the total return an investor can expect to receive from a bond if it is held until its maturity date. It takes into account the bond's purchase price, coupon rate, and time to maturity.
When the coupon rate is lower than current interest rates, it means that the fixed interest payments provided by the bond are relatively lower compared to the prevailing market rates. In this situation, investors would generally demand a higher yield to compensate for the lower coupon payments.
To achieve a yield that is in line with the current interest rates, the price of the bond must decrease. As the price decreases, the yield to maturity increases, reflecting the higher return that investors would require to offset the lower coupon payments.
In summary, if the coupon rate is lower than current interest rates, the yield to maturity will be higher.
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Calculate the critical angle 0, for light traveling from glass (n = 1.56) to ice (n = 1.31). If there is no critical angle, enter DNE. 0 = Calculate the critical angle 02 for light traveling from sugar water (n = 1.49) to ice (n = 1.31). If there is no critical angle, enter DNE. 02 = = Calculate the critical angle oz for light traveling from sapphire (n = 1.77) to sugar water (n = 1.49). If there is no critical angle, enter DNE 03 = Calculate the critical angle 04 for light traveling from ice (n = 1.31) to sapphire (n = 1.77). If there is no critical angle, enter DNE. 04 =
The critical angles are approximately 51.04 degrees for sugar water to ice, 52.56 degrees for sapphire to sugar water, and 67.98 degrees for ice to sapphire.
To calculate the critical angles for light traveling between different mediums, we need to use Snell's law, which relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of the mediums involved.
The critical angle occurs when the angle of refraction is 90 degrees, resulting in light being refracted along the interface. If there is no critical angle, we will indicate "DNE" (does not exist).
For light traveling from glass (n = 1.56) to ice (n = 1.31), we can calculate the critical angle using Snell's law:
sin(θc) = n2 / n1
where θc is the critical angle, n1 is the refractive index of the initial medium, and n2 is the refractive index of the final medium.
Calculating the critical angle:
sin(θc) = 1.31 / 1.56
θc ≈ 48.28 degrees
Therefore, the critical angle for light traveling from glass to ice is approximately 48.28 degrees.
For the remaining combinations, the critical angles can be calculated using the same formula:
For light traveling from sugar water (n = 1.49) to ice (n = 1.31):
sin(θc) = 1.31 / 1.49
θc ≈ 51.04 degrees
For light traveling from sapphire (n = 1.77) to sugar water:
sin(θc) = 1.49 / 1.77
θc ≈ 52.56 degrees
For light traveling from ice to sapphire:
sin(θc) = 1.77 / 1.31
θc ≈ 67.98 degrees
Therefore, the critical angles are approximately 51.04 degrees for sugar water to ice, 52.56 degrees for sapphire to sugar water, and 67.98 degrees for ice to sapphire.
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Lenz Law. An example of why one metal cylinder fell through the tube quickly while the other fell at a much slower rate.
Lenz Law, one metal cylinder fell through the tube quickly while the other fell at a much slower rate is Lenz Law.
Lenz's law is a law of electromagnetic induction that claims that when a current is created in a conductor by a change in magnetic flux, the magnetic flux's direction will oppose the change that created the current.
A moving magnet causes the metal tube to become an electromagnet. Because of Lenz's law, the electromagnet created by the current flowing through the cylinder opposes the original magnet's motion. This results in resistance to motion and the cylinder will move through the tube slowly.
The motion of the magnet relative to the metal tube causes a change in magnetic flux in the tube. The metal tube will create an electric current in the opposite direction of the magnetic flux that created it, according to Lenz's law. This creates a magnetic field that opposes the original motion that caused the electric current to flow, in the case of the metal cylinder and tube.
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A stationary bomb explodes and breaks off into three fragments of equal mass: one flying due South, and one flying due East. Based on this information, what is the direction of the third fragment? All other answers are incorrect. North-West South-East North-East
The direction of third ligament is North-West.
The direction of the third fragment can be determined using the principle of conservation of momentum. When the bomb explodes, the total momentum before the explosion is equal to the total momentum after the explosion. Since the two initial fragments are traveling due South and due East, their momenta cancel each other out in the North-South and East-West directions.
Since the two initial fragments have equal masses and are moving in perpendicular directions, their momenta cancel each other out completely, resulting in a net momentum of zero in the North-South and East-West directions. The third fragment, therefore, must have a momentum that balances out the total momentum to be zero.
Since momentum is a vector quantity, we need to consider both the magnitude and direction. For the total momentum to be zero, the third fragment must have a momentum in the direction opposite to the vector sum of the first two fragments. In this case, the third fragment must have a momentum directed towards the North-West in order to balance out the momenta of the fragments flying due South and due East.
Therefore, the correct answer is North-West.
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