Risk of material misstatement is defined as the risk of an assertion made in the financial statements being materially misstated due to fraud or error, before the audit is done. Risk of material misstatement is the term that describes where and how a material misstatement could be introduced within a process.
The risk of material misstatement is the risk of an audit finding that a material misstatement exists in the financial statements and that this misstatement will not be detected and corrected on a timely basis by the company's internal control. Risk of material misstatement is defined as the risk of an assertion made in the financial statements being materially misstated due to fraud or error, before the audit is done.The risk of material misstatement is primarily the responsibility of management, as it is management's duty to produce accurate financial statements.
Nonetheless, auditors are obligated to assess the risk of material misstatement during their audits, and they should do so in order to correctly design audit procedures that will detect material misstatements in the financial statements. Audit planning and audit procedures design are both heavily influenced by the risk of material misstatement.
Audit planning helps the auditor to recognize the characteristics of the audit and design appropriate audit procedures.
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Identify what Hamton inn wants to achieve through their marketing plan. 150 TO 300 WORDS
Hampton Inn wants to achieve increased brand awareness and market share through their marketing plan.
Hampton Inn wants to achieve increased brand awareness and market share through their marketing plan. By creating a strong brand presence and promoting their unique value propositions, Hampton Inn aims to capture the attention of their target audience and increase customer loyalty. This will help them to stand out in a competitive market and attract more customers, ultimately leading to an increase in market share. Additionally, by effectively communicating the benefits and advantages of choosing Hampton Inn over their competitors, they hope to drive sales and revenue growth. Overall, the goal of their marketing plan is to establish Hampton Inn as a leading hotel brand and expand their market presence.
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Compare the long-run equilibrium position of a perfectly competitive firm and a monopolist. Illustrate your answer with the aid of diagrams. This is a research based assignment and requires evidence of research
The long-run equilibrium position of a perfectly competitive firm is characterized by zero economic profit, efficient output, and price equal to marginal cost. In contrast, a monopolist earns positive economic profit, produces at a lower output level, and sets a price higher than the marginal cost. These differences arise due to the absence of competition in a monopolistic market.
The long-run equilibrium position of a perfectly competitive firm and a monopolist can be compared in terms of price, output, and profit.
1. Price: In a perfectly competitive market, the price is determined by the interaction of market supply and demand forces. It is equal to the marginal cost of production for all firms. In contrast, a monopolist has the ability to set the price at a level that maximizes its profit. This results in a higher price compared to a perfectly competitive market.
2. Output: In perfect competition, firms produce at the level where marginal cost equals marginal revenue, which is also equal to the market price. Therefore, the output is efficient and reflects consumer demand. On the other hand, a monopolist restricts output to maximize its profit. As a result, the monopolist produces at a lower output level compared to a perfectly competitive firm.
3. Profit: In the long run, perfectly competitive firms earn zero economic profit. This is because entry and exit of firms occur until the market price equals the average total cost. In contrast, a monopolist can earn positive economic profit in the long run due to its market power.
Diagram 1: Perfectly Competitive Firm
- Horizontal demand curve (perfectly elastic) representing price.
- The demand curve intersects the firm's marginal cost curve at the profit-maximizing level of output.
- The price is equal to the marginal cost at this level of output.
Diagram 2: Monopolist
- Downward sloping demand curve representing price.
- The monopolist's marginal revenue curve lies below the demand curve.
- The profit-maximizing level of output is where the marginal cost curve intersects the marginal revenue curve.
- The price is higher than the marginal cost at this level of output.
In conclusion, the long-run equilibrium position of a perfectly competitive firm is characterized by zero economic profit, efficient output, and price equal to marginal cost. In contrast, a monopolist earns positive economic profit, produces at a lower output level, and sets a price higher than the marginal cost. These differences arise due to the absence of competition in a monopolistic market.
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Imprudential, Inc., has an unfunded pension liability of $650 million that must be paid in 20 years. To assess the value of the firm's stock, financial analysts want to discount this liability back to the present. If the relevant discount rate is 7.0 percent, what is the present value of this liability?
The present value of the unfunded pension liability is **$284.98 million**.
To calculate the present value, we can use the formula for present value of a future cash flow:
PV = FV / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, FV is the future value, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
In this case, the future value (FV) is $650 million, the discount rate (r) is 7.0 percent (or 0.07 as a decimal), and the number of periods (n) is 20 years.
Plugging in the values:
PV = $650 million / (1 + 0.07)^20
PV = $650 million / (1.07)^20
PV = $284.98 million (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, the present value of the unfunded pension liability is approximately $284.98 million.
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You own a wholesale plumbing supply store. The store currently generates revenues of $1.01 million per year. Next year, revenues will either decrease by 9.9% or increase by 5.5%, with equal probability, and then stay at that level as long as you operate the store. You own the store outright. Other costs run $870,000 per year. There are no costs to shutting down; in that case you can always sell the store for $510,000. What is the business worth today if the cost of capital is fixed at 9.7%? (Hint: Make sure to round all intermediate calculations to at least four decimal places.)
Part 1
What is the business worth today if the cost of capital is fixed at 9.7%?
The business's current value today, if the cost of capital is fixed at [tex]9.7%[/tex], is [tex]$1,210,646.39[/tex] (rounded to the nearest cent).
Given, Current revenue, CR = $1.01 million
Other costs, [tex]OC = $870,000[/tex]
Cost of capital, [tex]r = 9.7%[/tex]
Decrease in revenue [tex]= -9.9%[/tex]
Increase in revenue [tex]= 5.5%[/tex]
Probability of decrease in revenue = Probability of increase in revenue = 0.5
If the revenues of the business decrease, the expected revenue will be:
ER = CR × (1 + decrease in revenue %)ER = $1.01 million × (1 - 9.9%)
ER = $910,890If the revenues of the business increase, the expected revenue will be:
ER = CR × (1 + increase in revenue %)
[tex]ER = $1.01 million × (1 + 5.5%)\\\\ER = $1,064,105[/tex]
Expected revenue = $987,498.5 (rounded to the nearest cent)
Expected cash flow = Expected revenue - Other costs
Expected cash flow = $987,498.5 - $870,000
Expected cash flow = $117,498.5
The present value of cash flow will be discounted using the formula:
PV = (FCF1)/(1+r)^1 + (FCF2)/(1+r)^2 + … + (FCF∞)/(1+r)^∞
Where,
[tex]FCF = Free Cash Flow\\FCF1 = Expected cash flow for the first year\\FCF2 = Expected cash flow for the second year[/tex]
And so on.
[tex]PV = ($117,498.5)/(1+0.097)^1 + ($117,498.5)/(1+0.097)^2 + … + ($117,498.5)/(1+0.097)^∞\\\\PV = ($117,498.5)/(0.097)PV = $1,210,646.39 (rounded to the nearest cent)[/tex]
Therefore, the business's current value today, if the cost of capital is fixed at 9.7%, is $1,210,646.39 (rounded to the nearest cent).
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What is the present value of an investment that pays $10,000 once every year forever, if the first payment occurs six months from today and the annual discount rate is 12% compounded monthly? A. $78,848.79 B. $83,333.33 C. $83,699.58 D. $88,460.01 E. $88,848.79
The present value of the investment is $1,000,000. Present value is a financial concept that represents the current worth of a future sum of money or a series of future cash flows.
To calculate the present value of an investment that pays $10,000 once every year forever, with the first payment occurring six months from today and an annual discount rate of 12% compounded monthly, we can use the formula for the present value of a perpetuity:
Present Value = Payment / Discount Rate
In this case, the payment is $10,000 and the discount rate is 12% per annum, compounded monthly. We need to adjust the discount rate to account for the compounding frequency. Since the discount rate is annual, we divide it by the number of compounding periods per year, which is 12 in this case.
Adjusted Discount Rate = Discount Rate / Compounding Periods = 12% / 12 = 1% per month
Now, we can calculate the present value:
Present Value = $10,000 / 1% = $10,000 / 0.01 = $1,000,000
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Acquisition accounting rules require the parent company to account for the full acquisition price, but the sub maintains their separate financial statements at book value. How does Disney reconcile this difference?
What other insights into this challenge can be found in examples from accounting for Disney’s acquisitions of Lucasfilm and Pixar?
Consolidation accounting combines subsidiary financial statements with Disney's own, reflecting fair values and providing a comprehensive view.
Disney reconciles the difference between its consolidated financial statements, which reflect the full acquisition price, and the separate financial statements of its subsidiaries, which maintain their book value, through the use of consolidation accounting. Consolidation accounting allows Disney to combine the financial statements of its subsidiaries with its own to present a comprehensive view of the group's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
When Disney acquired Lucasfilm and Pixar, it accounted for these acquisitions using the purchase method, which requires the recognition of identifiable assets and liabilities acquired at their fair values. This means that Disney valued the assets and liabilities of Lucasfilm and Pixar at their fair values on the acquisition date and included them in its consolidated financial statements.
For example, when Disney acquired Lucasfilm, it recognized the fair value of Lucasfilm's assets, such as intellectual property rights and film library, and liabilities, such as contractual obligations and contingent liabilities. These fair values were then integrated into Disney's consolidated financial statements, reflecting the full acquisition price and providing a more accurate representation of the group's financial position and performance.
By applying consolidation accounting, Disney can eliminate intercompany transactions, adjust carrying values to fair values, and present a consolidated set of financial statements that reflect the economic reality of the group's operations. This allows investors, analysts, and stakeholders to assess the overall performance and financial health of Disney as a whole.
In summary, Disney reconciles the difference between its consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements of its subsidiaries through consolidation accounting, which ensures the inclusion of the fair values of acquired assets and liabilities. This approach provides a comprehensive view of Disney's financial position and performance.
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Briefly describe some of the key characteristics of a perfectly competitive market. Explain the impact of the number of firms and the type of product that is produced. Describe what happens in a competitive market when firms in the market are earning profits.
When firms in a competitive market are earning profits, it attracts new firms to enter the market. This increased competition reduces profits as prices decrease due to more supply. Over time, in the long run, profits will decrease to a point where firms only earn normal profits, which cover their opportunity costs.
A perfectly competitive market has several key characteristics. First, there are many buyers and sellers in the market, none of whom have the power to influence the market price. Second, the products sold in this market are identical, meaning there is no differentiation between them. Third, there is free entry and exit, allowing new firms to enter the market and existing firms to leave without barriers. Lastly, perfect information exists, meaning buyers and sellers have complete knowledge about the market conditions.
The number of firms and the type of product produced have significant impacts on a competitive market. When there are more firms, competition increases, leading to lower prices for consumers. This is because each firm has less market power, forcing them to compete on price and quality. On the other hand, when there are fewer firms, there is less competition, which can result in higher prices and reduced consumer choice.
The type of product produced also affects the competitive market. In a perfectly competitive market, products are identical. This means that consumers can easily switch between different sellers without any loss in quality or features. As a result, firms have limited control over pricing and must offer competitive prices to attract buyers.
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Floyd's Auto Repair Shop uses a job order cost system to track the cost of each repair. Floyd's applies its garage or shop overhead at a fate of $20 per direct labor hour spent on each repair. Floyd's uses the following accounts to track the cost of all repairs: " Because an auto shop does not manufacture a product, the overhead cost would include all of the indirect costs that are incurred in the garage or shop that cannot be traced to a specific repair job. The following transactions occurred during the most recent month: a. Purchased raw materials (parts and supplies) on account $21,500. b. Used $15,800 in raw materials (parts and supplies). Of this, $12,800 was for major parts that were traceable to individual repair Jobs, and the remainder was for incidental supplies such as lubricants, rags, fuel, and so on. c. Recorded a total of $8,200 in direct labor cost (for 410 hours) that are owed but not yet paid. d. Applied overhead to repair jobs at a rate of $24.40 per direct labor hour. e. Recorded the following actual overhead costs: 1. Completed repair jobs costing $54,000 and charged customers at cost plus an additional 37 percent. (Note: You can bypass the Finished Goods Inventory account, which would not be used in this context) Required: Prepare journal entries for transactions (a) through (f) using the account names shown and other appropriate accounts such as Cash, Payables, Accumulated Depreciation, Prepaids, and Sales Revenue. Note: If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field.
The Completed repair jobs costing $54,000 and charged customers at cost plus an additional 37 percent.
a. Purchased raw materials (parts and supplies) on account $21,500.
Journal Entry:
Debit: Raw Materials Inventory $21,500
Credit: Accounts Payable $21,500
b. Used $15,800 in raw materials (parts and supplies). Of this, $12,800 was for major parts that were traceable to individual repair jobs, and the remainder was for incidental supplies such as lubricants, rags, fuel, and so on.
Journal Entry:
Debit: Work in Process (Major Parts) $12,800
Debit: Garage/Shop Overhead (Incidental Supplies) $3,000
Credit: Raw Materials Inventory $15,800
c. Recorded a total of $8,200 in direct labor cost (for 410 hours) that are owed but not yet paid
Journal Entry:
Debit: Work in Process $8,200
Credit: Accrued Liabilities $8,200
d. Applied overhead to repair jobs at a rate of $24.40 per direct labor hour.
Journal Entry:
Debit: Work in Process $10,004 (410 hours * $24.40)
Credit: Garage/Shop Overhead $10,004
e. Recorded the following actual overhead costs:
Journal Entry:
Debit: Accounts Receivable $73,780 (54,000 + 54,000 * 0.37)
Credit: Sales Revenue $54,000
Credit: Work in Process $19,780 (73,780 - 54,000)
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identify what would generally lower the quality of life that would not be counted in gdp. group of answer choices a decrease in water quality a decrease in the crime rate an increase in influenza vaccines an increase home production of child care
A decrease in water quality will lower the quality of life which would not be counted in GDP. Thus, option A is appropriate.
GDP determines the monetary value of the consumable final merchandise and services produced in a country over a specific period (such as half or a year). It takes into account every product created entirely within a country's borders.
The gross domestic product (GDP) of a nation or nations is a monetary measure of the total market value period of all the finished goods and services produced over a specific period. The GDP is the metric most usually used by a single country's government to determine the health of its economy.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Identify what would generally lower the quality of life that would not be counted in GDP. Group of answer choices- A. decrease in water quality B. Decrease in the crime rate C. an increase in influenza vaccines D. an increase in home production of childcare
Suppose a product's price is 100 Baht and there is a subsidy from the government of 5% VAT. The consumer pays 95 Baht to the merchant. The merchant received 95 Baht from the customer and receives 5 Baht from the government for selling the goods. GDP is the value of goods and services measured at the market price (the value that the final user pays). Hence, the value of one unit of the product counted in GDP is ....? -Indirect tax is the tax levied on the consumption of goods and services. It is not directly levied on the income of a person. Instead, he/she has to pay the tax along with the price of goods or services bought by the seller." "An indirect tax is passed off to the consumer as part of the purchase price of a good or service." "-Example. Sales tax, value-added tax, excise tax, and customs duties are examples of indirect taxes." 5 95 100 105 No correct answer was given
The value of one unit of the product counted in GDP is 100 Baht.
What does this entail?Suppose a product's price is 100 Baht and there is a subsidy from the government of 5% VAT. The consumer pays 95 Baht to the merchant.
The merchant received 95 Baht from the customer and receives 5 Baht from the government for selling the goods.
GDP is the value of goods and services measured at the market price (the value that the final user pays).
Therefore, the value of one unit of the product counted in GDP is 100 Baht as GDP is measured at the market price which is the same as the price paid by the final user.
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Samsung Galaxy Cell Phone
Product Strategy, Pricing Strategy, Distribution Strategy and Promotion Strategy
The Samsung Galaxy cell phone employs a comprehensive product strategy, competitive pricing strategy, widespread distribution strategy, and targeted promotion strategy to establish itself as a leading brand in the market.
Samsung's product strategy focuses on continuous innovation, incorporating cutting-edge technology, sleek designs, and a wide range of features to cater to different customer needs and preferences. By offering a diverse product lineup, including flagship models, mid-range options, and budget-friendly alternatives, Samsung aims to capture a larger market share and cater to various consumer segments.
In terms of pricing strategy, Samsung adopts a competitive approach. The company considers factors such as production costs, market demand, and competitor pricing to determine competitive prices for its Galaxy cell phones. This strategy enables Samsung to position its products as attractive options while maintaining profitability.
For distribution, Samsung has established strong partnerships with various retailers and carriers globally. The company utilizes both online and offline channels to ensure widespread availability of its Galaxy cell phones. This approach allows Samsung to reach a broad customer base and increase accessibility to its products.
In terms of promotion, Samsung employs a targeted marketing strategy that includes advertising campaigns across multiple platforms, sponsorships, endorsements, and strategic partnerships. The company leverages both traditional and digital marketing channels to create brand awareness, highlight product features, and engage with consumers. Through targeted promotions and effective communication, Samsung aims to generate interest and drive sales for its Galaxy cell phones.
In conclusion, Samsung's success with the Galaxy cell phone can be attributed to its comprehensive product strategy, competitive pricing strategy, widespread distribution strategy, and targeted promotion strategy. These elements work together to establish Samsung as a leading brand in the cell phone market.
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What is an "examination for discovery" What purposes do examinations for discovery serve? 3. Explain the meaning of these two phrases: "the balance of probabilities" and "beyond a reasonable doubt." In what type of case will each phrase be used?
An examination for discovery is a legal process where parties involved in a lawsuit have the opportunity to obtain information from each other.
It serves the purpose of gathering evidence, clarifying facts, and facilitating settlement discussions.
An examination for discovery, also known as a deposition or oral discovery, is a pre-trial procedure in litigation. It allows each party to ask questions to the opposing party or their witnesses under oath. The answers provided during the examination for discovery can be used as evidence during the trial.
The purposes of examinations for discovery are threefold. Firstly, they help to uncover facts and obtain information about the case. This includes understanding the opposing party's position, identifying witnesses, and gathering evidence. Secondly, they assist in evaluating the strength of one's own case and the opposing party's case. By examining the credibility and consistency of the opposing party's statements, weaknesses or inconsistencies may be identified. Lastly, examinations for discovery promote settlement discussions by allowing parties to assess the merits of their claims and potentially negotiate a resolution without going to trial.
"The balance of probabilities " and "beyond a reasonable doubt" are legal standards used in different types of cases. "The balance of probabilities" is the standard of proof used in civil cases. It means that the evidence presented must establish that it is more likely than not (more than a 50% chance) that the facts alleged by one party are true. This standard is applied in lawsuits involving personal injury, breach of contract, or other civil matters.
"Beyond a reasonable doubt" is the higher standard of proof used in criminal cases. It requires the prosecution to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the accused committed the crime. This standard is stricter than "the balance of probabilities" and requires the evidence to leave no reasonable doubt in the minds of the jurors or judge.
In summary, "the balance of probabilities" is used in civil cases, while "beyond a reasonable doubt" is used in criminal cases.
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Explain the following terms when used in capital allowance computation. Where applicable, briefly discuss application of rates and where these rates are derived from. 1. Original cost of asset. 2. Initial Allowance. (I mark) 3. Annual Allowance. (2 marks) 4. Balancing Charge. (2 marks) 5. Balancing Allowance. (2 marks) B. The following information relates to Robwise Limited which operates a Car Rental Agency along with other associated ventures. i. 2018: Purchased a fleet of motor cars used in his Car Rental business valued at J\$10 million. ii. Has one (1) private motor vehicle used in the business, purchased in 2020 for USS 30,000. iii. Cost of machinery purchased in January 2019 for use in the production of primary products is J\$5 million. iv. In February 2021 the company achieved a major milestone by moving out of previously rented premises into a newly refurbished building constructed of concrete, steel and cement. The building is treated as an industrial building valued at J\$8 million. Note: Exchange rate to be used for all foreign exchange transactions is JS140 = USS1 Required: Compute capital allowances to be claimed by Robwise Limited for year of assessment 2021 . (
- The original cost of an asset is the initial purchase price of the asset, including all related costs.
- The initial allowance allows a business to deduct a percentage of the original cost in the first year of purchase.
- The annual allowance is the amount that can be deducted each year from the remaining value of the asset after the initial allowance has been claimed.
- A balancing charge occurs when the proceeds from the sale of an asset exceed the remaining value, and it is added to the taxable income.
- A balancing allowance occurs when the proceeds from the sale of an asset are less than the remaining value, and it is deducted from the taxable income.
1. Original cost of asset: This term refers to the initial purchase price of an asset. It includes all costs directly related to acquiring the asset, such as the purchase price, delivery charges, installation costs, and any other costs necessary to bring the asset into its working condition.
2. Initial Allowance: The initial allowance is a type of capital allowance that allows a business to deduct a percentage of the original cost of an asset in the first year of purchase. It provides an upfront deduction to encourage businesses to invest in capital assets. The rate of the initial allowance varies depending on the type of asset and the tax regulations in the specific country. The specific rates are usually determined by tax authorities and can differ from country to country.
3. Annual Allowance: The annual allowance is the amount that can be deducted each year from the remaining value of the asset after the initial allowance has been claimed. It represents the depreciation of the asset over its useful life. The annual allowance is usually calculated as a percentage of the remaining value, and the rate can vary depending on the type of asset and tax regulations.
4. Balancing Charge: A balancing charge is a tax charge that arises when an asset is sold or disposed of, and the amount received exceeds the written-down value of the asset. It represents the difference between the proceeds from the sale and the remaining value of the asset. This charge is added to the taxable income of the business in the year of disposal.
5. Balancing Allowance: A balancing allowance is a tax allowance that arises when an asset is sold or disposed of, and the amount received is less than the written-down value of the asset. It represents the difference between the remaining value of the asset and the proceeds from the sale. This allowance is deducted from the taxable income of the business in the year of disposal.
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Please explain with examples complex business structures, business expansion, and other forms of organizational structure.
Please explain accounting related to business combinations, including goodwill recording and impairment testing.
Complex business structures refer to the various ways in which companies can organize themselves in order to achieve specific goals or meet certain needs.
These structures can range from simple partnerships to large multinational corporations.
Business expansion refers to the process by which a company grows its operations, typically through increasing the number of products or services it offers, expanding into new markets, or acquiring other businesses.
This can be achieved through various methods, such as mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, or organic growth through increased investment in research and development.
Organizational structure refers to the way a company organizes its resources, such as people, technology, and processes, to achieve its goals. Different types of organizational structures include functional, divisional, matrix, and flat structures.
Accounting related to business combinations involves the process of recording and valuing assets, liabilities, and goodwill that arise when one company acquires another.
Goodwill is an intangible asset that arises when a company pays more for another company than the fair market value of its net assets. Impairment testing involves assessing whether the value of goodwill has declined and if it needs to be written down to reflect its current value.
For example, if a company acquires another company for $1 billion but the fair market value of its net assets is only $800 million, then the remaining $200 million is recorded as goodwill.
If the value of the acquired company's assets declines and its fair market value falls to $600 million, then the goodwill would need to be written down by $200 million to reflect its new value.
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Fantastic Furniture is experiencing growth over the last few years. Fantastic Furniture's dividends over last few years are:
Year Dividend (in $)
2016 2.7000
2017 2.9160
2018 3.1492
2019 3.4012
2020 (current year) 3.6733
In line with it's growth, Fantastic Furniture is considering undertaking an additional investment for expanding their current business operation. It is considering either to have "Computer Division" or "Home Appliance Division". The new projects' cash flows are as follows:
Computer Division Home Appliance Division
Year: 0 -200,000 Year: 0 - 150,000
1 +100,000 1 + 65,000
2 + 80,000 2 + 65,000
3 + 90,000 3 + 65,000
The current total market value of the company's shares is$10 million, ex div; and the company currently has 200,000 shares outstanding. The company has a beta of 1.077.
The Computer industry has a beta of 2.1 and the Home Appliance industry has a beta of 0.90. The annual return on three year government bonds is currently 3% and the expected return on the ASX stock market index is 15%. Ignore tax.
Find out the following: (Select the closest answer)
The cost of equity is which of the following 15.94% 16.37% 13.81% 28.21% 18.20% .
Using DVM, the average annual growth rate is which of the following 8.15% 7.85% 7.99% .
Using CAPM the original cost of capital for Home Appliance Division is which of the following 15.94% 16.37% 13.81% 28.21% 18.20% .
Using Cost of capital as the discount rate, we will accept which of the following Computer Division or Home Appliance Division .
Using individual company's CAPM as discount rate, we will accept which of the following Computer Division or Home Appliance Division .
Cost of equity is approximately 15.94%. Based on the cost of capital and individual company's CAPM, we should accept both the Computer Division and the Home Appliance Division.To answer the questions, let's go step by step:
1. Cost of Equity:
To calculate the cost of equity, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The formula for CAPM is:
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * (Market Return - Risk-Free Rate)
Given data:
Risk-Free Rate = 3% (annual return on three-year government bonds)
Beta = 1.077 (company's beta)
Market Return = 15% (expected return on ASX stock market index)
Cost of Equity = 3% + 1.077 * (15% - 3%)
Cost of Equity ≈ 3% + 1.077 * 12%
Cost of Equity ≈ 3% + 12.924%
Cost of Equity ≈ 15.924% ≈ 15.94% (rounded to the nearest hundredth)
Therefore, the cost of equity is approximately 15.94%.
2. Average Annual Growth Rate using DVM (Dividend Valuation Model):
To calculate the average annual growth rate, we can use the formula for the DVM:
Growth Rate = (Dividend in the current year - Dividend in the initial year) / Dividend in the initial year
Given data:
Dividend in the initial year = $2.7000 (2016)
Dividend in the current year = $3.6733 (2020)
Growth Rate = ($3.6733 - $2.7000) / $2.7000
Growth Rate ≈ $0.9733 / $2.7000
Growth Rate ≈ 0.3598 ≈ 35.98% (rounded to the nearest hundredth)
Therefore, the average annual growth rate using DVM is approximately 35.98%.
3. Cost of Capital for Home Appliance Division using CAPM: To calculate the cost of capital for the Home Appliance Division, we can use the same CAPM formula as before, but with the industry-specific beta:
Beta for Home Appliance Division = 0.90 (Home Appliance industry beta)
Cost of Capital for Home Appliance Division = 3% + 0.90 * (15% - 3%)
Cost of Capital for Home Appliance Division ≈ 3% + 0.90 * 12%
Cost of Capital for Home Appliance Division ≈ 3% + 10.8%
Cost of Capital for Home Appliance Division ≈ 13.8% ≈ 13.81% (rounded to the nearest hundredth)
Therefore, the cost of capital for the Home Appliance Division is approximately 13.81%.
4. Acceptance of Projects based on Cost of Capital: To determine which division to accept based on the cost of capital, we compare the cost of capital with the average annual growth rate using DVM:
- Computer Division: Cost of Capital = 15.94%
- Home Appliance Division: Cost of Capital = 13.81%
Since the average annual growth rate (35.98%) exceeds both cost of capital values, we should accept both divisions.
5. Acceptance of Projects based on Individual Company's CAPM:
To determine which division to accept based on the individual company's CAPM, we need to compare the required return with the growth rate:
- Computer Division: Required Return = 15.94% (company's cost of equity)
- Home Appliance Division: Required Return = 13.81% (industry-specific cost of capital)
Since the growth rate (35.98%) exceeds both required returns, we should accept both divisions.
Therefore, based on the cost of capital and individual company's CAPM, we should accept both the Computer Division and the Home Appliance Division.
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In 20 years, you would like to have \( \$ 250,000 \) to buy a vacation home. If you have only \( \$ 30,000 \), at what rate must it be compounded annually for it to grow to \( \$ 250,000 \) in 20 year
The required annual interest rate at which the amount must be compounded is approximately 9. 82%.
the rate at which the amount must be compounded annually is approximately 9.82%.
to calculate the required annual interest rate, we can use the compound interest formula:
[tex]\(a = p(1 + r/n)⁽ⁿᵗ⁾\)[/tex]
where:
a = final amount (desired value of $250,000)p = initial amount ($30,000)
r = annual interest rate (to be determined)n = number of times interest is compounded per year (assuming once annually)
t = number of years (20)
rearranging the formula to solve for r:
[tex]\(r = (a/p)^(1/(n*t)) - 1\)[/tex]
substituting the given values:
[tex]\(r = (250,000/30,000)^(1/(1*20)) - 1\)\(r \approx 0.0982\)[/tex]
converting to a percentage:
[tex]\(r \approx 0.0982 \times 100\)\(r \approx 9.82\%\)[/tex]
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A company using the perpetual inventory system purchased inventory worth $7,000 on account with credit terms of 3/15, n/30. Defective inventory was recelved, but instead of a return, an allowance of $900 is given. The allowance is before the invoice is paid. The journal entry to record the allowance would be A. $873 debilt to Acoounts Payabie and $873 credit to Merchandise inventory B. $873 debit to Merchandise Inventory and $873 credit to Acoounts Payable C. $900 debit to Merchandise inventory and $900 credt to Acoounts Payable D. $900 debit to Accounts Payable and $900 credit to Merchandise Itrventory
The journal entry to record the allowance for defective inventory before the invoice is paid would be option D: $900 debit to Accounts Payable and $900 credit to Merchandise Inventory.
A journal entry is the act of recording any transaction, whether one that is economic or not.
An accounting diary that displays the debit and credit balances of a corporation lists transactions.
Multiple recordings, each of which is either a debit or a credit, may be included in the journal entry.
A journal entry is the act of recording any transaction, whether one that is economic or not.
The journal entry to record the allowance for defective inventory before the invoice is paid would be option D: $900 debit to Accounts Payable and $900 credit to Merchandise Inventory.
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Assuming the treasury shares were all purchased at the same price, the cost per share of the treasury stock is:________
The cost per share of the treasury stock is $11.50.
To ascertain the expense per portion of the depository stock, partition the all out cost of the depository stock by the quantity of depository shares. For this situation, the treasury shares is esteemed at $11,500.
To find the quantity of treasury shares, take away the quantity of exceptional offers from the quantity of given shares. For this situation, the quantity of given shares is 10,000, and the quantity of remarkable offers is 9,000. Subsequently, the quantity of treasury shares is 10,000 - 9,000 = 1,000.
Presently computing the expense per portion of the treasury shares:
Cost per share = All out cost of treasury shares/Number of depository shares
Cost per share = $11,500/1,000
Utilizing the above estimation, the cost per share of the treasury stock is $11.50.
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Your credit card charges an APR of 13.42 percent and compounds interest on a daily basis using a 360 day year. What is the daily rate that will be stated on the credit card agreement? Answer should be formatted as a percent with 4 decimal places (e.g. 99.9999).
0.0369%
The daily rate stated on the credit card agreement is 0.0369%.
To calculate the daily rate, we need to divide the annual percentage rate (APR) by the number of days in a year, considering the interest is compounded daily.
Given that the APR is 13.42%, we divide it by 100 to convert it to a decimal form: 13.42 / 100 = 0.1342.
Next, we divide the decimal form of APR by 360, the number of days in a year, to obtain the daily rate: 0.1342 / 360 = 0.000372222.
To express this as a percentage, we multiply by 100: 0.000372222 × 100 = 0.0369%.
Therefore, the daily rate stated on the credit card agreement is 0.0369%.
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Redo Problem 2 changing the rate of return on investment to 6% before and after retirement and calculate the annual savings needed to make annual distributions using: The present and future values, then b) The cash flow calculator.
The annual savings needed to make annual distributions using the present value approach is approximately $337,773.57. The annual savings needed to make annual distributions using the cash flow calculator approach is approximately $34,314.88.
To calculate the annual savings needed to make annual distributions, we'll use the present value and future value approaches, as well as the cash flow calculator, with a rate of return of 6% before and after retirement.
a) Present Value Approach:
Using the present value approach, we'll calculate the annual savings needed to accumulate enough funds to provide for annual distributions during retirement.
Let's assume the desired annual distribution during retirement is $50,000.
Calculate the future value of the retirement funds needed:
Future Value = Desired annual distribution / Rate of return
Future Value = $50,000 / 6% = $833,333.33
Calculate the present value of the retirement funds needed:
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + Rate of return)^N
N = Number of years in retirement (assumed to be 20 years)
Present Value = $833,333.33 / (1 + 6%)^20
Present Value = $337,773.57
Therefore, the annual savings needed to make annual distributions using the present value approach is approximately $337,773.57.
b) Cash Flow Calculator:
Using the cash flow calculator, we can determine the annual savings required to meet the desired annual distributions during retirement.
Input the following values into the cash flow calculator:
- Future Value: $0 (assuming all funds will be depleted by the end of retirement)
- Rate of return: 6%
- Number of periods: 20 (assuming a 20-year retirement period)
- Payments per year: 1 (annual distributions)
- Solve for: Payments (Annual savings needed)
By solving for Payments, we find that the annual savings needed is approximately $34,314.88.
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Go to the link below for "FRED," the Federal Reserve Economic Data website and create a single chart with at least two "data series" of macroeconomic indicators displayed as curvilinear (curvy lines) graphs.
Try to find two "data series" that you think correlate. To find what macroeconomic indicators to choose, browse through the chapters in the Greenlaw & Shapiro textbook to find some interesting indicators. Type these in the FRED search box to discover if FRED has this data.
To create a single chart with at least two curvilinear graphs on FRED, the Federal Reserve Economic Data website, follow these steps:
1. Go to the FRED website by clicking on the provided link.
2. Browse through the chapters in the Greenlaw & Shapiro textbook to find interesting macroeconomic indicators.
3. Type the indicators you've chosen in the FRED search box to see if FRED has the data for them.
4. Once you've found two indicators that correlate, click on the "Add to Graph" button next to each indicator to add them to the chart.
5. To display the indicators as curvilinear graphs, click on the "Edit Graph" button on the top left of the chart.
6. In the "Edit Graph" menu, choose the "Graph type" option and select the curvilinear graph type, such as "Line" or "Spline."
7. Adjust the settings and formatting as desired, such as adding a title or changing the colors of the lines.
8. Click on the "Apply" button to save your changes and view the final chart with the two curvilinear graphs displaying the chosen macroeconomic indicators.
Remember to browse through the Greenlaw & Shapiro textbook to find interesting indicators and search for them on FRED to see if the data is available. Choose indicators that you think correlate to make the chart more meaningful.
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What is the debt proportion in Adamantine's consolidated balance sheet? 6 (Round to two decimal places.) Data table
The debt proportion in Adamantine's consolidated balance sheet would be 0.5, which is equivalent to 50% when expressed as a percentage.
To determine the debt proportion in Adamantine's consolidated balance sheet, you need to divide the total debt by the total assets. The formula to calculate the debt proportion is:
Debt Proportion = Total Debt / Total Assets
Since you haven't provided the specific values for the total debt and total assets in the data table, I'm unable to calculate the debt proportion accurately. However, once you have the values, you can follow these steps:
1. Locate the total debt value in the data table.
2. Locate the total assets value in the data table.
3. Divide the total debt by the total assets.
4. Round the result to two decimal places.
For example, if the total debt is $500,000 and the total assets are $1,000,000, the calculation would be:
Debt Proportion = 500,000 / 1,000,000 = 0.5
So, the debt proportion in Adamantine's consolidated balance sheet would be 0.5, which is equivalent to 50% when expressed as a percentage. Remember to substitute the actual values from the data table to obtain an accurate result.
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Sackville Plastics is considering the acquisition of a new packaging machine that will apply a plastic film over a product and attach it to a cardboard backing. Hamamatsu Techwrap manufactures 3 models of packaging equipment that would meet Sackville's requirements. They are intended for low, medium, and high-volume applications. The costs of the three machines are $22,000,$31,000, and $47,000, respectively. Sackville estimates that the packaging cost per unit, including materials, labour and equipment maintenance will be $0.22,$0.19, and $0.15, respectively. a. [4 point] Construct the three cost functions, depending upon which machine is selected. b. [4 point] Under what conditions is the low volume machine preferable? c. [4 point] When is the high-volume machine preferred? d. [12 point] Graph the three cost functions and identify the volumes at which each machine is the least costly.
a. The three cost functions for Sackville Plastics to acquire a new packaging machine that would meet their requirements are given as follows:C1(x) = $0.22x + $22,000 where x is the number of units to be produced with the low volume machine.C2(x) = $0.19x + $31,000 where x is the number of units to be produced with the medium volume machine.C3(x) = $0.15x + $47,000 where x is the number of units to be produced with the high volume machine.
b. The low volume machine will be preferred when the number of units to be produced is less than 45,455.45 units. This is because the cost of producing below this level with the low volume machine is less than the cost of using the other machines. This is derived from equating C1(x) to C2(x) and solving for x as shown below:0.22x + 22,000 = 0.19x + 31,000x = 45,455.45
c. The high volume machine will be preferred when the number of units to be produced is more than 363,636.36 units. This is because the cost of producing above this level with the high volume machine is less than the cost of using the other machines.
This is derived from equating C3(x) to C2(x) and solving for x as shown below:0.15x + 47,000 = 0.19x + 31,000x = 363,636.36
d. The graph of the three cost functions is as shown below:The points of intersection of the cost functions are where each machine is the least costly. The medium volume machine is the least costly between 45,455.45 units and 363,636.36 units. Finally, the high volume machine is the least costly when more than 363,636.36 units are produced.
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When there is a conflict between the Income Tax Act and international tax treaties, what must be attended to first? Muitiple Choice The income Tax ACt intemationation treaties Whichever appears to be foirer to the taxpayer Provincialterritorial income tax law
When there is a conflict between the Income Tax Act and international tax treaties, the international treaties must be attended to first.
What happens when there is a conflict between the Income Tax Act and international tax treaties?If there is a conflict between the Income Tax Act and international tax treaties, the provisions of the treaties will be applied to the taxpayer. Tax laws are not static, and they are not confined to national borders. As a result, businesses that operate internationally must be mindful of tax laws in other nations. Treaties have been established between countries to help prevent double taxation and ensure that taxpayers are not unfairly taxed. Many nations, including Canada, have negotiated treaties with other countries to help prevent double taxation and encourage cross-border business. If there is a discrepancy between Canada's Income Tax Act and a treaty, the treaty's provisions will prevail.
The correct option is the international treaties as they must be attended to first over the Income Tax Act.
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Nancy would like to accumulate 5850 by the end of 15 years from now to buy a sports car from her friend, Jim. She has 25000 now and would like to save equal annual end of year deposits to pay for the car. How much should she deposit at the end of each year account paying 8 percent interest to buy the car?
Nancy should deposit approximately $2,942.46 at the end of each year to accumulate $5850 in 15 years, assuming an 8% interest rate. The formula to calculate the future value of an annuity is FV = PMT * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r, Where: FV = Future value of the annuity, PMT = Annual deposit amount, r = Interest rate per period and n = Number of periods.
In this case, Nancy wants to accumulate $5850, has $25000 currently, and plans to save for 15 years at an interest rate of 8%.
Let's break down the steps to find the annual deposit amount:
Step 1: Calculate the future value of Nancy's current savings:
FV1 = $25000 * (1 + 0.08)^15 = $25000 * (1.08)^15 = $25000 * 3.172 = $79300
Step 2: Calculate the remaining amount Nancy needs to save:
Remaining amount = Desired amount - Future value of current savings
Remaining amount = $5850 - $79300 = -$73450
Step 3: Use the formula to calculate the annual deposit amount:
-$73450 = PMT * [(1 + 0.08)^15 - 1] / 0.08
By solving the equation, we find that PMT ≈ $2,942.46
Therefore, Nancy should deposit approximately $2,942.46 at the end of each year to accumulate $5850 in 15 years, assuming an 8% interest rate.
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Thomson Trucking has $15 bilion in assets, and its tax rate is 25%. Its basic earning power (BEP) ratio is 20%, and its return on assets (ROA) is 4.25%. What is its times-interest-earned (TIE) ratio? Round your answer to two decimal places.
The Times-Interest-Earned (TIE) ratio for Thomson Trucking is undefined since the interest expense is zero.
The Times-Interest-Earned (TIE) ratio measures a company's ability to cover its interest expense with its operating income. It is calculated by dividing the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) by the interest expense.
We are given the following information:
Total Assets = $15 billion
Tax Rate = 25%
Basic Earning Power (BEP) Ratio = 20%
Return on Assets (ROA) = 4.25%
To calculate the TIE ratio, we need to determine the interest expense and the EBIT.
Since the ROA is given, we can calculate the EBIT using the formula:
ROA = EBIT / Total Assets
Rearranging the formula to solve for EBIT:
EBIT = ROA * Total Assets
EBIT = 4.25% * $15 billion = $637.5 million
To calculate the interest expense, we use the basic earning power (BEP) ratio:
BEP = EBIT / Total Assets
Rearranging the formula to solve for interest expense:
Interest Expense = EBIT - (BEP * Total Assets)
Interest Expense = $637.5 million - (20% * $15 billion) = $637.5 million - $3 billion = $(-2.3625) billion
Since the interest expense is negative, it indicates that the company has more income than interest expense. In this case, we consider the interest expense to be zero.
Finally, we can calculate the TIE ratio using the formula:
TIE = EBIT / Interest Expense
TIE = $637.5 million / $0 = undefined
Therefore, the Times-Interest-Earned (TIE) ratio for Thomson Trucking is undefined since the interest expense is zero.
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10 similarities between supervisors and managers
Supervisors and managers share several similarities in their roles and responsibilities. They both play crucial roles in overseeing and guiding employees, ensuring work is completed efficiently, and achieving organizational goals. Additionally, both supervisors and managers are responsible for providing feedback, resolving conflicts, and promoting a positive work environment.
1. Authority and Decision-Making: Both supervisors and managers have the authority to make decisions and provide guidance to their respective teams.
2. Employee Development: Supervisors and managers are responsible for developing their employees' skills and promoting their professional growth.
3. Performance Management: Both supervisors and managers are involved in evaluating employee performance, providing feedback, and initiating performance improvement measures.
4. Resource Allocation: Supervisors and managers are responsible for allocating resources effectively to ensure the successful completion of tasks and projects.
5. Communication: Both roles require effective communication skills to relay information, instructions, and expectations to employees.
6. Problem-Solving: Supervisors and managers are responsible for identifying and resolving issues that may arise within their teams or departments.
7. Goal Setting: Both supervisors and managers play a role in setting and communicating goals that align with the organization's objectives.
8. Team Management: Supervisors and managers oversee the work of their teams, ensuring coordination, collaboration, and productivity.
9. Accountability: Both roles involve holding employees accountable for their performance, adherence to policies, and meeting targets.
10. Leadership: Supervisors and managers provide leadership by setting an example, inspiring their teams, and fostering a positive work culture.
While supervisors typically have a narrower scope of responsibility, focusing on day-to-day operations and directly managing employees, managers have a broader scope, including strategic planning and decision-making. However, it's important to note that the specific duties and responsibilities can vary depending on the organization, industry, and hierarchical structure.
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P = 10 – Q/1000, where Q is yards of silk cloth. U.S. producers of silk will supply silk to the U.S. market based on the equation P = 4 + Q/200. The rest of the world will sell as much silk as U.S. consumers will purchase for a price of $3 (Hint: the supply curve for the rest of the world is flat at $3). If there is free trade between the U.S. and the rest of the world, (Hint for figuring out the price: Will people pay more than the world price if they have the opportunity to pay the world price?)
In response to demands to buy American, the U.S. government imposes a tariff, a tax on foreign imports, of $2 per yard of silk.
Draw a new graph that allows you to compare the free-trade situation and the tariff situation. Then answer the rest of the questions using areas on the graph.
How does American consumer surplus change with the introduction of the tariff?
How does American producer surplus change with the introduction of the tariff?
What area on the graph signifies a deadweight loss to consumers?
What area on the graph shows the revenue from the tariff?
Consider the costs of the new American producers who produce silk only after the tariff is in plac What area on the graph shows the amount by which their total costs are higher than the total revenue that foreign producers would receive to produce that same silk?
In the free-trade situation, the equilibrium price is determined by the world price, which is $3. American consumers are willing to pay more than the world price, so they will pay $3 for each yard of silk. American producers will supply silk at a price of $4 per yard.
When the U.S. government imposes a tariff of $2 per yard of silk, the new graph will show an increase in the domestic price of silk. The new equilibrium price for silk in the U.S. market will be $5 ($3 + $2 tariff).
1. American consumer surplus decreases with the introduction of the tariff. The decrease in consumer surplus is represented by the area between the old equilibrium price ($3) and the new equilibrium price ($5), up to the quantity of silk demanded.
2. American producer surplus increases with the introduction of the tariff. The increase in producer surplus is represented by the area between the new equilibrium price ($5) and the supply curve ($4 + Q/200), up to the quantity of silk supplied.
3. The area on the graph that signifies a deadweight loss to consumers is the triangle formed between the new equilibrium price ($5), the supply curve ($4 + Q/200), and the demand curve ($10 - Q/1000). This represents the loss of consumer surplus and producer surplus due to the tariff.
4. The revenue from the tariff is represented by the rectangular area between the quantity of silk imported and the tariff price ($2) on the graph.
5. The costs of the new American producers, who produce silk only after the tariff is in place, are represented by the area between the new equilibrium price ($5) and the supply curve ($4 + Q/200), up to the quantity of silk supplied. This shows the amount by which their total costs are higher than the total revenue that foreign producers would receive to produce the same silk.
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Laura Cervantes. Laura Cervantes is a currency speculator and she sells eight June futures contracts for 500,000 pesos at the closing price quoted here: a. What is the value of her position at maturity if the ending spot rate is $0.12003/Ps? b. What is the value of her position at maturity if the ending spot rate is $0.09808/Ps? c. What is the value of her position at maturity if the ending spot rate is $0.11006/Ps? a. What is the value of her position at maturity if the ending spot rate is $0.12003/Ps? The value of Amber's position is $ (Round to the nearest cont. Use a minus sign if value is negative.) b. What is the value of her position at maturity if the ending spot rate is $0.09808/Ps? The value of Amber's position is $ (Round to the nearest cent. Use a minus sign if value is negative.) c. What is the value of her position at maturity if the ending spot rate is $0.11006/P8? The value of Amber's position is S . (Round to the nearest cent. Use a minus sign if value is negative.) Enter your answer in each of the answer boxes. Data Table Click on the icon to import the table into a spreadsheet.) Mexican Peso (CME) - MXN 500,000, $ per MXN Change Maturity March June Sept Open 0.10953 0.10790 0.10615 High 0.10988 0.10795 0.10615 Low 0.10930 0.10778 0.10610 Settle 0.10958 0.10773 0.10573 Lifetime High Low 0.11000 0.09770 0.10800 0.09730 0.10615 0.09930 Open Interest 34,481.00 3,405.00 1,481.00 Print Done
The Value at maturity with an ending spot rate of $0.12003/Ps :$60,015. The Value at maturity with an ending spot rate of $0.09808/Ps: $49,040. The Value at maturity with an ending spot rate of $0.11006/Ps: $55,030.
Laura Cervantes is a currency speculator who sells eight June futures contracts for 500,000 pesos. The value of her position at maturity depends on the ending spot rate, which is the exchange rate at the end of the contract.
a. If the ending spot rate is $0.12003/Ps, we can calculate the value of her position by multiplying the ending spot rate by the number of pesos in her contract.
Value = $0.12003/Ps * 500,000 Ps = $60,015
Therefore, the value of her position at maturity is $60,015.
b. If the ending spot rate is $0.09808/Ps, we can use the same calculation to find the value of her position.
Value = $0.09808/Ps * 500,000 Ps = $49,040
Therefore, the value of her position at maturity is $49,040.
c. If the ending spot rate is $0.11006/Ps, the calculation will be:
Value = $0.11006/Ps * 500,000 Ps = $55,030
Therefore, the value of her position at maturity is $55,030.
a. Value at maturity with an ending spot rate of $0.12003/Ps: $60,015
b. Value at maturity with an ending spot rate of $0.09808/Ps: $49,040
c. Value at maturity with an ending spot rate of $0.11006/Ps: $55,030
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A successful businessman is selling one of his fast food franchises to a close friend. He is selling the business today for $2,945,000.00. However, his friend is short on capital and would like to delay payment on the business. After negotiation, they agree to delay 5.00 years before the first payment. At that point, the friend will make quarterly payments for 19.00 years. The deal calls for a 7.16% APR "loan" rate with quarterly compounding. What quarterly payment will the friend make on the loan? Answer format: Currency: Round to: 2 decimal places.
The quarterly payment the friend will make on the loan is approximately $66,716.72.
To calculate the quarterly payment the friend will make on the loan, we can use the formula for calculating the periodic payment of a loan:
Payment = Loan Amount / [ (1 - (1 + interest rate)^(-total number of payments)) / interest rate]
Given: Loan Amount (selling price of the business) = $2,945,000.00
Delay period = 5.00 years
Number of quarterly payments = 19.00 years * 4 quarters per year = 76 quarters
APR loan rate = 7.16% per year
First, let's calculate the effective interest rate per quarter:
Effective interest rate per quarter = (1 + APR loan rate)^(1/number of quarters) - 1
Effective interest rate per quarter = (1 + 0.0716)^(1/4) - 1
Effective interest rate per quarter ≈ 0.017626 or 1.7626%
Now, let's calculate the quarterly payment:
Payment = $2,945,000 / [ (1 - (1 + 0.017626)^(-76)) / 0.017626 ]
Payment ≈ $66,716.72
Therefore, the quarterly payment the friend will make on the loan is approximately $66,716.72.
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