Answer:
The transfer pattern of an X-linked inheritance can be either X-linked dominant or X-linked recessive.
Explanation:
X-linked inheritance is the term that refers to a gene capable of causing a specific characteristic or disorder and is located on the X chromosome. During the transmission of genetic material for the formation of another living being, this gene can be transmitted through the transmission standards known as X-linked dominant or X-linked recessive.
X-linked dominance inheritance occurs when the dominant gene is transmitted on the X chromosome, while X-linked recessive inheritance occurs when the recessive gene is carried on the X chromosome.
Which of the cardiac cell characteristics describes the
ability to initiate an electrical impulse?
Answer:
The correct answer is: automaticity.
Explanation:
Cardiac muscle has several properties. These properties are: automaticity (given by the pacemaker cells), conductivity (meaning that each cardiac cell can transmit the electrical impulse to the next cardiac cells), contractility (like other types of muscles, cardiac muscle cells can contract), and irritability (each cell can contract on its own without the external stimuli).
Cardiac pacemaker cells are the ones with the capacity to initiate the electrical impulse by creating rhythmic impulses called action potentials, and thus directly regulating heart rate.
Pacemaker cells are located in the sinoatrial (SA) node, in the upper portion of the right atrial wall. In these cells, depolarization of the cardiac muscle begins, and the electrical impulse generated by it is transmitted to the atrioventricular (AV) node, the His bundle and then the Purkinje fibers - this order of events is necessary for the correct contraction of the heart to occur. All of these structures are part of the Conduction System of the heart.
lan insect, a mammal,
as shown below.
2
mammal
1 Animal with your legs reptile
Animal with more than your legs in sect 3
2 Animal with scalles on skin
- reptile
Animal with Eur on skin
3 Animal with six legs ingeet P Р
Animal with more than six legs
Q
1 What name is given to a system of putt
organisms , nto groups or Categione
)
a) state the name of The biologicalk
Answer:
.
Explanation:
ii) Explain briefly how these features contribute to the efficiency of photosynthesis?
Answer:
here's your answer
Explanation:
the estimated maximum energy efficiency of photosynthesis is the energy stored per mole of oxygen evolved, 117/450, or 26 percent.
Consequently, plants can at best absorb only about 34 percent of the incident sunlight. The actual percentage of solar energy stored by plants is much less than the maximum energy efficiency of photosynthesis. An agricultural crop in which the biomass (total dry weight) stores as much as 1 percent of total solar energy received on an annual areawide basis is exceptional, although a few cases of higher yields (perhaps as much as 3.5 percent in sugarcane) have been reported. There are several reasons for this difference between the predicted maximum efficiency of photosynthesis and the actual energy stored in biomass. First, more than half of the incident sunlight is composed of wavelengths too long to be absorbed, and some of the remainder is reflected or lost to the leaves
14.
(GT.03)
Which of these best matches a source of information with its most reliable use? (2 points)
cladogram → date events which occurred in Earth's past
cladogram → study the evolution of organisms based on adaptations
fossil records → compare the evolution of completely soft-bodied organisms
fossil records → study the behavior of primitive animals in extreme weather conditions
Answer:
petrified fossils → date sedimentary rocks
What organisms help break down dead leaves in an ecosystem
Answer:
Decomposers are vital organisms that grow by breaking down dead and decaying matter. Some of these are scavengers - macro-organisms that feed on dead or decaying matter, e.g. flies, cockroaches, earthworms. Others are decomposers, generally microscopic bacteria and fungi, that break down wastes.
Explanation:
Q1.1. If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it was found that it contains 27 percent A, what would be the percentage of C?
27 percent
30 percent
23 percent
54 percent
Answer:
c.- 23 percent
Explanation:
you've got this ^^!
How do scientists create models of past and future climate?
Answer:
To understand how our world is evolving, scientists use computer programs called climate models to forecast future climate. Climate models function in the same way that a computer lab does. Climate models are computer programs that scientists use to analyze how our world is changing.
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Explain what caused the color change of the peppered moths from light to dark after the Industrial Revolution.
Answer:
Addaptational changes since they had to adjust to a new environment
The color change of the peppered moths from light to dark after the Industrial Revolution Adaptational changes since they had to adjust to a new environment.
What is the Industrial Revolution?During the industrial revolution, the color of bark of the trees became dark. Due to this the predators could easily detect the light colored moths on the dark colored bark of the trees.
This lead to evolution of light colored moth resulting into dark colored moths through the process of natural selection which made the newly evolved moth population more prominent to the predation attack.
It became difficult for the predators to trace moth on the tree barks as they became capable of camouflaging against the color of bark.
Thus, adaptation is the main reason.
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In mice, apricot eyes is recessive to black eyes. Tail length is governed by another gene, linked to the eye color gene. Long tails is dominant to short tails. To determine the distance between the two genes, a double heterozygote is mated in a testcross and the classes of progeny produced were as follows:
Apricot eyes, Long tails 33
Apricot eyes, Short tails 20
Black eyes, Long tails 17
Black eyes, Short tails 30
Determine whether the heterozygous parent is in the cis or trans arrangement.
a. Cis
b. Trans
Answer:
trans
Explanation:
From the given information:
The study observes the genes present in mice for eye color and tail length. Since both genes are linked, it implies that they exist in the same chromosomes.
Black eyes is dominant over apricot eyes
Let Black eye be B and apricot eyes be b
Long tail is dominant over short tail
Let long tail be L and short tail be l
If double heterozygote(homoozygous-recessive) engage in the testcross
Then:
From the result given:
The parental combinations are:
Apricot eyes, Longtail (bL / bl) = 33
Black eyes, Short tails (Bl / bl) = 30
The recombinant genes are:
Black eyes, Long tails (BL / bl) = 17
Apricot eyes, Short tails (bl / bl) = 20
The recombination frequency relates to the distance between the two genes which can be computed as:
= (20+17)/100
= 37%
Thus; the heterozygous parent is in trans arrangement.
A mutation is identified in a tumor sequencing study. Which of the following pieces of evidence would most strongly suggest that the mutation is a passenger mutation?
a. The same gene is mutated in many other individuals with the same kind of cancer.
b. The mutation impacts the function of a known tumor suppressor gene.
c. The mutation is a silent point mutation in a protein-coding sequence.
d. The gene carrying the mutation is known to participate in the cell cycle.
Answer:
The mutation is a silent point mutation in a protein-coding sequence.
Explanation:
A mutation is a change or alteration in DNI sequences that introduce new variants. Many of these are eliminated, but some of them might succeed and be incorporated into each individual. Mutations can be damaging or beneficial.
There are two types of mutations in cancerous cells:
· Driver mutations, which refer to genetic changes that provide malign cells an adaptative advantage. These mutations drive the cells to tumoral evolution.
· Passenger mutations, also known as neutral mutations, refer to those that do not provide any advantage nor disadvantage to the cancerous cell. These mutations can be between DNI segments where the driver mutations are. Some of these passenger mutations might become driver mutations with time.
What kind of interaction does this image show, which acts as limiting factor on the fish?
A. mutualism
B. Parasitism
C. Commensalism
D. Predation
E. Exploitation competition
Answer:
Predation
Explanation:
The cat is the predator and the fish is its prey.
Answer:
predation
Explanation:
because
There have been a number of studies indicating that schizophrenia is a complex genetic disorder. Which of the following observations are most consistent with this hypothesis?
1. Siblings of individuals with schizophrenia have an elevated risk of developing schizophrenia.
2. In monozygotic twins, if one twin has schizophrenia, it is very rare that the other is affected.
3. Malnutrition in utero and certain infections may increase risk of schizophrenia.
4. Schizophrenia follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
Answer:
1. and 4.
Explanation:
1 explains that siblings may have it since they have the same genetics and 4 explains that it is a autosomal recessive trait and follows a pattern genetically.
Explain how animals may have influenced the evolution of terrestrial plants and vice versa
One of the livers main functions is to detoxify potentially toxic substances. Which organelle would you expect liver cells to have in abundance?
liver contain abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Contrast potential and kinetic energy. Give an example of potential being changed to kinetic energy.
Answer:
First, the raised hammer has more potential energy since it has the potential to go higher or lower. Second, when you hit the hammer on the table, the stored potential energy is converted to kinetic energy as the hammer is falling. (It's the falling hammer that has kinetic energy)
Explanation:
Another example-When rolling a ball down a ramp the ball at its highest point has potential energy but when it rolls down the ramp it converts to kinetic energy
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The passage suggests that in designing the experiment, Johnson relied on the fact that A) fungal hyphae warn beanstalks of danger if a nearby plant is attacked. B) wasps are harmful to the ongoing existence of broad bean plants. C) broad bean plants release noxious chemicals to ward off infestation. D) aphids are able to withstand the aggressive maneuvers used by wasps.
The Gram stain provides a lot of clinically useful information but it won’t give you all the information you need for identification and treatment. About which of these do you NOT learn anything from the Gram stain?
Answer: d) The ability of the bacteria to process nutrients.
Explanation:
Incomplete question.
Options,
a) Structure of the cell wall b) Bacterial morphology c) Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs d) The ability of the bacteria to process nutrients.
Gram staining is a type of differential staining to study bacteria, and is used to see cell morphology and to differentiate between gram-positive bacteria that appear violet and gram-negative bacteria that appear pink or red.
To perform the staining, fix the samples with methanol for one minute or heat and add a dye called crystal violet and wait one minute. Then rinse with water and add lugol for one minute. Then add acetone alcohol for 5-30 seconds. At this point, gram-negative bacteria discolor while gram-positive bacteria do not. After this, a contrast staining is performed by adding safranin or basic fuchsin for one minute. This stain will turn the gram-negative bacteria pinkish-reddish.
Crystal violet is a cationic dye that penetrates all bacteria through the bacterial wall. Lugol is a compound consisting of iodine and potassium iodide and acts as a mordant. The iodine enters the bacteria and forms an insoluble complex with the crystal violet, causing the crystal violet to bind more strongly to the bacterial cell wall. The added alcohol and acetone are used for decolorization, since the iodine/violet crystal complex is soluble in the alcohol and acetone. Thus, gram-positive bacteria do not decolorize, while gram-negative bacteria do.
A contrast stain such as safranin or fuchsin is used to highlight gram-negative cells. After contrast staining, gram-negative cells are pink or red, while gram-positive cells remain purple.
The wall of gram-positive bacteria consists of about forty layers of peptidoglycan which does not allow alcohol to pass through it because it is very thick, while that of gram-negative bacteria consists of a single layer of peptidoglycan. These differences cause gram-positive bacteria to retain the violet color and gram-negative bacteria to discolor.
So, with this type of staining we can certainly see the structure of the cell wall, because those that retain the violet dye even after treatment with a decolorant are gram-positive (many layers of peptodoglycan) and those that easily lose the first dye and take up the second are gram-negative (single layer). It also gives us an idea of the shape and morphology, which when stained will be visible under the microscope.
It also informs us about susceptibility to antibiotics, since some act only on gram-positive bacteria and others only on gram-negative bacteria. For example, gram-positive bacteria are sensitive to beta lactamase/penicillinase and gram-negative bacteria are susceptible to broad-spectrum penicillins such as piperacillin. However, this type of staining will not tell us about the bacteria's ability to process nutrients, because that is not a process related to the structure of the cell wall.
Why do scientists study seismographs?
To analyse mineral content from earth's crust
Answer:
To determine the location of an epicenter
Explanation:
A seismogram is a graph output by a seismograph ; a record of the shaking and vibration of the ground. By studying seismograms, scientists learn a lot about Earth's internal structure, like how fast the waves are moving and what type of material the waves are passing through.
What happens to urchins if the oxygen percent concentration drops too low for an extended period of time?
Answer:
Since sea urchins are picky, they are used as indicator organisms in public aquariums to determine if the system is functioning properly. This is because they are very "picky" about water quality. If the water is contaminated, the sea urchins will be the first to show signs of stress, spines laying down or falling off. Do use an aquarium filter and do clean up the day after feeding. Any metal exposed to the seawater will corrode and poison the tank. A dying sea urchin will often spawn out and rot out, causing the others in the tank to spawn and die as welll.
Explanation:
Few species could exist without oxygen. Both you and the Purple Sea Urchin would perish without oxygen. As a result, the respiratory system is necessary for most forms of life.
What is respiratory system?Respiratory system is defined as your body's organs and other breathing-related elements, which are used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing. The network of organs and tissues that aids in breathing is known as the respiratory system. The respiratory system also includes the muscles that propel your lungs.
Because sea urchins are fussy, they are utilized in public aquariums as indicator species to check whether the system is working properly. This is a result of their extreme "pickiness" about water quality. Sea urchins will be the first to exhibit indications of stress, such as spines laying down or falling off, if the water is contaminated. A dying sea urchin will frequently spawn out and decay, which will cause the other sea urchins in the tank to do the same.
Thus, few species could exist without oxygen. Both you and the Purple Sea Urchin would perish without oxygen. As a result, the respiratory system is necessary for most forms of life.
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A carrot would be an example of a _______ system
a carrotwould be an example of a top Root system
What are three techniques that can be used to show that the electron transport chain is found on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Select all that apply.
Answer:
Explanation:
Step 1: Generating a Proton Motive Force
The hydrogen carriers (NADH and FADH2) are oxidised and release high energy electrons and protons
The electrons are transferred to the electron transport chain, which consists of several transmembrane carrier proteins
As electrons pass through the chain, they lose energy – which is used by the chain to pump protons (H+ ions) from the matrix
The accumulation of H+ ions within the intermembrane space creates an electrochemical gradient (or a proton motive force)
Step Two: ATP Synthesis via Chemiosmosis
The proton motive force will cause H+ ions to move down their electrochemical gradient and diffuse back into matrix
This diffusion of protons is called chemiosmosis and is facilitated by the transmembrane enzyme ATP synthase
As the H+ ions move through ATP synthase they trigger the molecular rotation of the enzyme, synthesising ATP
Step Three: Reduction of Oxygen
In order for the electron transport chain to continue functioning, the de-energised electrons must be removed
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, removing the de-energised electrons to prevent the chain from becoming blocked
Oxygen also binds with free protons in the matrix to form water – removing matrix protons maintains the hydrogen gradient
In the absence of oxygen, hydrogen carriers cannot transfer energised electrons to the chain and ATP production is halted
which structures are found in typical prokaryotic cells and also in typical plant cells
a) cell walls
b) histones
c) telomeres
d) tonoplasts
Answer:
a. cell wall
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All claims in science should be supported by
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are similar in all of these aspects except
A. having all four types of macromolecules.
B. the size of their cells.
C. having at least one cell.
D. the presence of DNA
Answer:
D its D its D its D ddddddddddddddddd
How many cranial nerves is it?
Explanation:
there are 12 cranial nerves
what happens to the respiratory system of a pilot who is in a power dive in supersonic plane.
no links
Explanation:
Due to lack of O2, the lungs will start breathing anaerobically i.e; without oxygen this may lead to cramps
Answer:
Due to lack of O2, the lungs will start breathing anaerobically
i.e.; without oxygen. This may lead to cramps.
The species Trichonympha ______________. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a may be isolated from the gut of termites where it is essential for cellulose digestion b is a ciliated organism c is a flagellated organism d both a and b e both a and c
Which of the following is the best definition of anaerobic respiration?
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
Anaerobic respiration is a process of cellular respiration. In this type of cellular process of respiration, oxygen is not needed to break down complex food substances such as glucose. Energy is generated in the process which is used for other cell functions.
Therefore, the answer is C.
A scientist is tracking an object orbiting the Sun that is found between Mars and Jupiter. Which additional feature can
be used to determine the object is an asteroid?
O produces a coma
O has an irregular shape
O has a tail of ice and dust
O produces a streak of light
Answer:
The correct answer is actually B. Has an irregular shape.
we should conserve environment give reason
Answer:
for healthy living and long life
