The first ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down the group.
What is ionization energy ?
Ionization energy is defined as the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron which is loosely held in the outermost shell to form an isolated gaseous atom,ion or molecule.
It has a positive value for neutral atoms indicating that the ionization process is an endothermic process . The closer the outermost shell electrons are to the nucleus of an atom higher is it's ionization energy.It is expressed in electron volts or joules.
Ionization energy increases across period as more energy is required to remove electron from an atom as it is closely held along a period while it is decreasing down the group as on going the group the inter-nuclear distance increases and as a result less energy is required to remove an electron.
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37
of
ns
id,
SCUBA divers use a combination of
nitrogen and oxygen in their tanks.
Hopefully every breath of the mixture is
the same. This is a heterogeneous
mixture.
true or
false?
When molecules of the constituent components are not entirely mixed, this is referred to as a heterogeneous mixture. You could observe patches of one substance scattered among patches of another substance with the unaided eye or even under a microscope. The mixtures typically manifest as various phases or states of matter.
Examples of heterogeneous mixturesThe environment on a wet day serves as an illustration of a heterogeneous blend. Air, a gas, and liquid raindrops combine to create the wet atmosphere. Through the less thick air, there are spots of dense liquid water dropping. Due to the presence of two states, or phases, of matter—liquid and gas—it is clearly a heterogeneous mixture.
Importantly, visibility is lowered on a rainy day. Because sunlight can move through air without being blocked, we can see through it. However, liquid raindrops bend, disperse, and block sunlight, preventing it from passing through the cloudy atmosphere.
On the planet Earth, heterogeneous mixes make up the great bulk of substances.
Below are many instances of typical heterogeneous mixtures.
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Which of the following examples is a way to live sustainably?
Responses
Drive your car as much as possible.
Have a nice green, fertilized lawn.
Recycle and reuse materials.
Leave computer screens and light bulbs on.
The correct answer is option 3, that is, recycle and reuse materials.
Sustainable living refers to a lifestyle, which tries to minimize the society's or individual's application of the Earth's natural and personal resources. The environmental sustainability does not signify living in the absence of luxuries but rather being aware of the consumption of resources and minimizing the unnecessary waste.
Recycling and reusing the products are two basic, yet highly efficient approaches, to minimize the filling of wastes in the landfills. Recycling and reusing substances assist the community, economy, and the environment as well.
Recycling inhibits the emission of various greenhouse gases and water pollutants, supplies valuable raw materials to the industry, and saves energy. It not only boosts the economy but also benefits the surroundings.
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ubstance Y has a heat of fusion of 3.5 KJ/g. How much
heat would a 30 gram sample of substance Y absorbs
to melt at its melting point?
The amount of heat a 30-gram sample of substance Y absorbs to melt at its melting point is 105 J.
The enthalpy of fusion of a substance additionally referred to as heat of fusion is the alternate in its enthalpy resulting from imparting electricity, usually heat, to a specific amount of the substance to change its state from a stable to a liquid, at a steady strain.
The heat of fusion is the amount of heat vital to alternate 1 g of a stable to a liquid without a temperature exchange.
The heat of fusion is the strength wished for one gram of a solid to melt without any change in temperature. The heat of vaporization is the energy needed for one gram of a liquid to vaporize (boil) without a trade-in strain.
q = m·ΔHf
= 30 × 3.5
heat = 105 J
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pls help
In your own words and in complete sentences explain why birds don't get electrocuted when they land on an electric wire.
Birds do not get electrocuted when they land on an electric wire because there is no between difference between their two feet and the electric current flowing.
What is electricity?Electricity is a form of energy that results from the existence of charged particles such as electrons or protons which are either at a place or are free to move.
Electric charges at a place are known as static electricity. Static electricity occurs because the electric charges are not free to move since no path exists for them to move.
The electricity that is free to move is known as electric current.
Current electricity exists as a result of the flow of electrons from regions of high potential to regions of low potential.
The earth is at zero potential, hence, when electrical wires are touched by a person standing on the earth the person gets electrocuted. But when there is no potential difference, there is no electrocution.
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Rank the following atoms in order of decreasing size (i.e., largest to smallest): Rb, F, Mg, B, N.
a. Rb > Mg > B>N>F
b. N > F > B> Mg > Rb
c. Rb > Mg > F>N> B
d. Mg > Rb > B>N>F
e. Rb > Mg > N>B>F
The correct ranking is a. Rb > Mg > B > N > F. This answer can be reached through analysis of each atom's position in the periodic table of elements.
Of the five atoms, Rb is obviously the largest one because it is located in the fifth period of the periodic table, while the rest are in the third (Mg) and the second one (B, N, and F) which means that Rb has the largest atomic radius as it has most electron levels. This eliminates options b) and d).
Mg is next because it is in the third period. B, N, and F are all in the second period, meaning that they have comparably similar atomic radii. However, as we go from left to right in the period, the atomic radius is reduced because the effective charge of the core increases, so B has a larger radius than N, and N has a larger radius than F.
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the temperature range at a 2-inch soil depth for optimal top growth of cool-season turfgrasses is:
The temperature range for a 2-inch soil depth for the optimal growth of cold weather turfgrasses is 85° to 95° Fahrenheit.
Bluegrass Kentucky Bluegrass is the hardest of all cold-season grasses. Northern grass that can withstand harsh winter temperatures. Soft Fescue is also extremely cold-resistant. Some Bermuda grass varieties are shade tolerant, but common Bermuda grass is the most shade tolerant of all grass species. All grasses thrive in bright sunlight with ideal temperatures and soil moisture. Evaporation does not remove water from the surface of the leaf. Regular bluegrass is more resistant to cold temperatures than annual bluegrass. Warm-season grasses grow best on two inches of soil at temperatures ranging from 89 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit.Learn more about cool-season turfgrasses at
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you need to make 700 ml of 5.0% (w/v) naoh solution. you have a bottle of 10.0% (w/v) naoh solution, which you must dilute to the correct concentration. what volume of the 10.0% solution should you use, and how much water must you add to it?
M1: Nook's necessary concentration is 5.0% (w/v).
V1 = final volume of solution, 400 mL
M2 = 10.0% (w/v) of the present NaOH concentration
V12 equals the initial volume of the solution.
Due to the fact that w/v% = weight of solute / volume of solution * 100
and the solute's mass will always be the same.
Mass of NaOH in solution is given by M1 X V1.
By the Mass Conservation Law: According to the law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation, any system that is closed to all transfers of matter and energy must maintain a constant mass over time since the system's mass cannot vary and neither more nor less amount can be added or subtracted.
M2 X V2 = M, X V1
M., M2, and 1/2's slow values in the equation above
500 x 400 ML = 10.0% x V2
V₂ = 200 mL
10.0 volume. utilized solution = 2.0 x 10 mL x 200 M L
Volume of goods added is calculated as [Y1 - V2 = 400-200=200ML = 2.0 = 2.0 x 102m/]
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f two balls have the same volume, but ball A has twice as much mass as ball B, which one will have the greater density? If ball C is 3 times the volume of ball D and ball D has 1/3 the mass of ball C, which has the greater density? If two balls have the same mass, but ball P is twice as large as ball Q, which one will have the greater density? If ball X is twice as big as ball Y and weighs only half as much as ball Y, then which one will have the greater density?
A. Ball A will have greater density than B
B. Their densities are equal
C. Ball Q will have greater density
D. Ball Y will have greater density
Density is defined as amount or mass of substances are present in a unit volume called as density and the formula for density is
D = m/V
A. If m₁, v₁ and d₁ are the mass volume and density of the ball A then m₁, v₂ and d₂ are the mass volume and density of the ball B
It is given that v₁ = v₂ but m₁ = 2m₂
Then applying the density formula
D₁/D₂ = m₁v₁×m₂v₂ = 2m₂/v₂×v₂/m₂ = 2
But the density of ball A is twice that of B
So, the ball A have greater density than B
B. If m₁, v₁ and d₁ are the mass volume and density of the ball C then m₁, v₂ and d₂ are the mass volume and density of the ball D
V₁ = 3V₂ and m₂ = 1/3m₁ means m₁ = 3m₂
Then
D₁/D₂ = m₁/v₁×m₂/v₂ = 3m₂/3v₂×v₂/m₂ = 1
Then D₁ = D₂
C. If m₁, v₁ and d₁ are the mass volume and density of the ball P then m₁, v₂ and d₂ are the mass volume and density of the ball Q
Then m₁ = m₂ but v₁ = 2v₂
Then D₁/D₂ = m₁/v₁×m₂/v₂ = m₂/2v₂×v₂/m₂ = 1/2
D₁ = 1/2D₂
Then ball Q will have greater density
D. If m₁, v₁ and d₁ are the mass volume and density of the ball X then m₁, v₂ and d₂ are the mass volume and density of the ball Y
V₁ = 2v₂ and m₁ = 1/2m₂
D₁/D₂ = m₁/v₁×v₂m₂ = 1/2m₂/2v₂×v₂/m₂ = 1/4
Then D₁ = 1/4D₂
Then ball Y will have greater density than X
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Why does a small particle size (increased surface area) generally cause a reaction to proceed faster?
A) There are more collisions per second only.
B) There are more collisions per second and the collisions are of greater energy.
C) Collisions occur with greater energy.
Small particle size (increased surface area) generally cause a reaction to proceed faster then there are more collisions per second and the collisions are of greater energy
A particle means a small portion of matter called particle and increasing the surface are of reactant increases the frequency of collision also increase the reaction rate and smaller particle have more surface area than the large particle then the more surface area for particle to collide and faster the reaction will occur that's why small particle size (increased surface area) generally cause a reaction to proceed faster then there are more collisions per second and the collisions are of greater energy
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4. The blue color in some fireworks occurs when copper(I) chloride is heated to approximately 1500 K and emits blue light of wavelengths 4.50 x 10^7 m. How much energy does one photon of this light carry?
Hint: use the relationship between the energy of a photon, Planck's constant, the speed of light, and the wavelength.
5. Calculate the energy possessed by a single photon of the following type of electromagnetic radiation: frequency 5.23 x 10^20 s-1
Answer: the required energy is [tex]4.42 * 10x^{-19} J[/tex]
Explanation:
the energy of a photon is given by the formula
Given that Temperature T = 1500 K
and the Wavelength is =4.45 × 10^2 nm
IUPAC name for: CH₂CHICH₂CH3
Which of the following is an isotope of carbon? (Atomic number 6)
A. 7 protons, 6 neutrons, 8 electrons
B. 7 protons, 8 neutrons, 6 electrons
C.8 protons, 6 neutrons, 7 electrons
D. 6 protons, 8 neutrons, 7 electrons
Answer:
it's A
Explanation:
100 on test5tttttttttttttttt
A photon has a frequency of 5.84x10^10. Calculate its energy
A photon has a frequency of 5.84×10¹⁰ then the energy is 3.89 J
Photon is the tiny particles of electromagnetic radiation
Here given data is
photon frequency = 5.84×10¹⁰
We have to find energy of photon = ?
Formula for find energy is E = hν
E = hν ; where E = energy , h = Planck constant 6.626×10³⁴J/s , ν = frequency
E = hν = 6.626×10³⁴J/s × 5.84×10¹⁰
E = 3.89 J
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Find the pH of a 0.025 M solution of HCL. B.) What is the amount (V) of a 2M solution of HCL when you have 3.5 L of a 6M HCL solution.
1.60
0.025 M HCl solution has a pH of −log(0. 025)=1. 60. Was this answer helpful?
one of the by-products from internal combustion engines, where gasoline is burned in air, is nitrogen dioxide. as the exhaust of the engine passes through a catalytic converter, nitrogen and oxygen gases are re-formed. which equation best represents the balanced reaction for this process?
Answer: i donk know
Explanation:
An internal combustion engine's exhaust gas contains poisonous gases and other pollutants that a catalytic converter transforms into less-toxic pollutants by accelerating a redox process.
What is Catalytic converter?Typically used with internal combustion engines powered by gasoline or diesel, including lean-burn engines, catalytic converters are also occasionally used with kerosene heaters and stoves.
The American motor industry saw the first wide-scale introduction of catalytic converters.
Most gasoline-powered automobiles have catalytic converters as of the 1975 model year in order to abide by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's tighter regulations on exhaust emissions.
Therefore, An internal combustion engine's exhaust gas contains poisonous gases and other pollutants that a catalytic converter transforms into less-toxic pollutants by accelerating a redox process.
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The property of certain molecules or ions that exhibit the characteristics of more than one bond structure at the same time and cannot be represented by a single lewis structure is called _____.
Resonance is correct answer
What is resonance?
The word "resonance" comes from the Latin word "resonantia," which means "echo," and the verb "resonare," which means "to resound." The term originated in the study of acoustics, specifically the sympathetic resonance seen in musical instruments, such as when one string begins to vibrate and produce sound after another one is struck.
There are many different forms of vibrations or waves that exhibit resonance phenomena, including mechanical, orbital, acoustic, electromagnetic, nuclear magnetic, electron spin, and quantum wave function resonances. Resonant systems can be employed to produce vibrations at a particular frequency (such as those produced by musical instruments) or to isolate particular frequencies from a complicated vibration that contains a range of frequencies (e.g., filters).
When the frequency of an applied periodic force (or one of its Fourier components) is equal to or nearly equal to the natural frequency of the system on which it works, the phenomenon of enhanced amplitude known as resonance results. A dynamic system's oscillations will have a greater amplitude when an oscillating force is applied at its resonant frequency than when the same force is applied at other, non-resonant frequencies
Due to the storage of vibrational energy, small periodic stresses that are close to the system's resonance frequency can cause oscillations in the system with enormous amplitudes.
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It is important to realize that an element’s line spectrum can include emissions at wavelengths throughout the electromagnetic spectrum including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. According to section 2 of the experiment, where will you be collecting data on hydrogen and helium’s line spectra?.
It is important to realize that an element’s line spectrum can include emissions at wavelengths throughout the electromagnetic spectrum including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared then according to section 2 of the experiment visible region collecting data on hydrogen and helium’s line spectra
Electromagnetic spectrum are the spectrum in which electromagnetic radiation are classified wavelength into radio waves, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays and the types of electromagnetic spectrum are
Radio wave : radio waves are used to broadcast the signalsMicrowave : microwave are used to mobile signalsInfrared : infrared transmit heat from difference sourced of fireVisible : visible is the type of electromagnetic radiation Ultraviolet : ultraviolet are used in florescent tubeX ray : x ray are used to see the object as well as bodiesGamma rays : gamma rays are used in cell cancer treatmentThe hydrogen line spectra fall between wavelength, 410 nm to 656 nm. The helium line spectra fall between wavelength, 400 nm to 781 nm and this two fall in the visible region of line spectra
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How many joules are required to heat 250.00 grams of water at 15.5 degrees Celsius to its boiling point, 100.0 degrees Celsius
Answer:
Q = 88725 J
Explanation:
Q = mcΔT
where,
c = 4.2 J/g°C
m = 250 g
ΔT = Tfinal − Tinitial = 100ºC − 15.5ºC = 84.5ºC
Q = 250 x 4.2 x 84.5
Q = 88725
How does the air in Earth's atmosphere (open system) differ from a gas in a closed system? Develop a model (written explanation with diagram) to explain why low pressure systems are actually associated with high temperatures.
With its surroundings, an open system can interchange both matter and energy. Since heat and water vapor can be lost to the air, the stovetop example would be considered an open system. On the other hand, a closed system can only interchange energy, not matter, with its surrounds.
Is the atmosphere a closed or an open system?All systems within the earth's atmosphere are thought of as open systems even if the earth itself is a closed system. An open system is one in which matter and energy can move between it and its environment.
An open system is one that permits the exchange of materials and energy with the environment. For instance, a hot soup bowl that is open, etc.
A closed system is one that only permits the interchange of energy with its surroundings and forbids the exchange of matter.
Systems types:
No energy enters or leaves an isolated area. Closed: Material does not exit, but energy does. Open: both matter and energy can enter and exit. Sunlight energy enters the closed system that is the Earth. and "no" stuff comes into or goes out (except for the rare meteorite).
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Select the correct answer. what makes metals, in particular, good conductors of electricity? a. the ability of electrons to flow throughout the metal b. the absence of charged particles c. the high temperatures required to break metallic bonds d. the presence of positive and negative ions
Answer:
I believe the answer is A. Not completely sure though. : )
How many moles of copper would be produced by reacting 34.0 grams of iron with copper(II) chloride solution?
To see the number of atoms of any element in a molecule , multiply the stoichiometry written in front of molecule to the number written on the foot of that element the number of moles of copper produced is 0.60mole
What is stoichiometry?
Stoichiometry is a part of chemistry that help us in making relationship between reactant and product from quantitative aspects.
The balanced equation is
[tex]Fe+CuCl_{2} \rightarrow Cu+FeCl_{2}[/tex]
The mole ratio of copper to iron is 1:1
1 mole of iron produce = 1 mole of copper
(34.0÷55.84)mole of iron produce =(34.0÷55.84)mole of copper
= 0.60mole of copper
Thus the mole of copper produced is 0.60mole
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how do different variables affect the rate of dissolving?
Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution
The primary variables influencing dissolution rate are:
Temperature
Movement of the surface
Solvation and Temperature
What is dissolving/ dissolution ?
When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, solutions are created. Using the equation: we can think of this as a reaction.
When moving from reactants to products, dissolution takes place. Dissolution is the opposite of crystallization. When the solute dissolving is not favored, crystallization takes place. Dissolution is supported under certain circumstances more or less than others. When the balance between the products and the reactants is reached, a solution is saturated.
Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution
The primary variables influencing dissolution rate are:
Temperature
Movement of the surface
Solvation and Temperature
Increasing the temperature will speed up the dissolving process for solid solutes. The solute particles move more and approach the solvent molecules as heat is introduced. This aids in the solid dissolving in a liquid more quickly.
Increased temperature reduces solvation for gases. The molecules move more quickly as the gas accumulates energy. This reduces the solvation rate and makes it more difficult for the gas to stay solvated.
Surface analysis and solution
The solvation rate of a solid in a liquid rises as more of the solid's surface comes into contact with the liquid. In doing so, the interaction between the solute and solvent.
Sugar cubes versus loose sugar is a good illustration. When two types of sugar are combined with water, the loose sugar will dissolve more quickly. Each sugar crystal has the ability to communicate with the water. The sugar crystals in the centre of the sugar cube won't come into touch with the water until the ones on the outside dissolve.
Moving and Solving
Solvation will happen more quickly if a solute/solvent mixture is stirred or moved. The solute and solvent come into greater contact as a result.
Most likely, you have already used this to mix a hot beverage. String facilitates solvation when a solid, such as sugar or hot cocoa powder, is added to hot water. Without stirring, solid stiff clumps form that inhibit.
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What do the pharyngeal arches of the elephant embryo eventually become by the time the elephant is born?
The cartilage, bone, nerves, muscles, glands, and connective tissue of the face and neck are produced by the pharyngeal arches.
What is pharyngeal arches?Pharyngeal arches is defined as the neural crest is a strip of tissue that runs down the back of the embryo and gives rise to a variety of different organs, including the pharyngeal (mouth) arches.
It can also be defined as the structures that can be recognized as the forerunners of many others that are visible during the embryonic development of vertebrates.
It helps to develop organs in the human body.
Thus, the cartilage, bone, nerves, muscles, glands, and connective tissue of the face and neck are produced by the pharyngeal arches.
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c. Predict Which ion is more
common, Na³+ or Al³+?
Answer:
[tex]Al^{3+}[/tex] is more common
Explanation:
To see if an ion is stable, check to see if it has an empty valance S orbital, an empty P orbital, or a half-full P orbital. Aluminium has an empty S and P orbital, so it is stable. On the other hand, Sodium 3+ has 4 electron in the P orbital. Sodium also only has one valance electron, and to make a +3 ion, two core electrons in addition to that valance electron has to be removed. Core electrons are really hard to remove, so any ion that requires a core electron being removed is quite unstable.
When using filtration to separate a dissolved solid from an undissolved solid, which technique is recommended to ensure a quantitative separation?.
What happens when you mix an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate with an aqueous solution of barium chloride?.
When an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate is mixed with an aqueous solution of barium chloride, barium nitrate and sodium chloride will be formed in an aqueous solution.
Chemical reactionsAn aqueous solution of barium chloride goes by the chemical formula, [tex]BaCl_2 (aq)[/tex].
An aqueous solution of sodium nitrate goes by the chemical formula, [tex]NaNO_3 (aq)[/tex].
When both react, barium nitrate and sodium chloride are formed.
Barium nitrate goes by the chemical formula, [tex]Ba(NO_3)_2[/tex].
Sodium chloride goes by the chemical formula, NaCl
The whole chemical reaction is represented by the equation:
[tex]BaCl_2 (aq)+ 2NaNO_3 (aq) -- > Ba(NO_3)_2 (aq)+ 2NaCl (aq)[/tex]
Since both of the products formed are soluble in an aqueous form, no precipitate is formed from the reaction.
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what is the molar mass of MgCI2?
what is the wavelength and energy of a photon with a frequency of 6.57×10^22 Hz
The energy and wavelength of the photon of frequency 6.57 x 10²² Hz is, 43.861 x 10⁻¹²J and 0.4662 x 10⁻¹⁴ m
It is given that the frequency of the photon is 6.57 x 10²² Hz. To find the energy of the photon we need to use the following formula,
E = hν
where, h = 6.676 x 10⁻³⁴m²kg/s
On substituting the values of Planck's Constant and ν we get,
E = 6.676 x 10⁻³⁴ x 6.57 x 10²²
E = 43.861 x 10⁻¹²J
Therefore, the energy produced by the photon is 43.861 x 10⁻¹²J.
Next, we need to find the wavelength of the photon. The wavelength is found using the following formula,
λ = c/ν
where, c = 3 x 10⁸m/s
By substituting the values of c and ν we get
λ = (3 x 10⁸) / (6.57 x 10²²)
λ = 0.4662 x 10⁻¹⁴ m
Therefore, the wavelength of the photon is 0.4662 x 10⁻¹⁴ m
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Why is reduced precipitation, rather than drought, the leading cause of limited water availability?
A)
Reduced precipitation is the cause of drought.
B)
Drought only impacts the supplies of groundwater.
C)
Water availability depends upon drought conditions.
D)
Drought only affects areas with vegetation.
E)
Precipitation limits the amount of water in many environments.
Answer:
A. Reduced precipitation is the cause of drought.
Explanation:
Reduced precipitation begins to insufficient water availability because water catch basins or tanks tend to dry out. When it drains out, people tend to start working and drying out the backup water sources and stored ones. Until such time, that the reservoirs of water will completely be dried out. And there will be no more water for them to use and there will be a drought.
hope this helps
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
Precipitation generally refers to the source of water like rain ,snow If precipitation decreases the rain water coming decreasesWhich decreases the water level on earthThat's the main reason behind droughtHence option A is correcta c3 plant absorbs a carbon radioisotope (as part of 14co2). in which compound does the labeled carbon appear first? which compound forms first if a c4 plant absorbs the same radioisotope?
A carbon radioisotope is absorbed by PGA oxaloacetate, a c3 plant (as part of 14co2). Which chemical, assuming a c4 plant absorbs the same radioisotope, has the tagged carbon first.
PGA oxaloacetate is oxaloacetic acid, sometimes referred to as oxalacetic acid or OAA, is an organic molecule that is crystalline in nature and has the chemical formula HO2CC(O)CH2CO2H. The conjugate base of oxaloacetic acid, oxaloacetate, is a metabolic intermediary in numerous mammalian functions. It is called PGA oxaloacetate.
Having the chemical symbol C and atomic number 6, carbon is an element with the meaning "coal" in Latin. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent, meaning that four of its atom's electrons can be used to create covalent chemical connections. The periodic table's group 14 is where it belongs. Is called carbon.
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