The kind of model that is used by software developers is called waterfall.
The waterfall model is known as model development that is used in software engineering, less often – in other projects and industries.You can use the waterfall model only if your project match with these criteria: All the requirements are known, clear, and fixed. There are no ambiguous requirements. The Waterfall model focuses very little on the end user or client involved with a project. Its main goals has always been to help internal teams move more efficiently passes the method of a project, which can work well for the software world. The five-phase waterfall model, there are: analysis, design, implementation, testing, and operation.
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you're evaluating a new system that uses security-enhanced linux to handle classified government information. what kind of access control model should you expect it to use? choose the best response.
Most common operating systems employ Discretionary Access Control (DAC)model.
What type of access control model does Linux system use?Traditional Linux security is built on a Discretionary Access Control (DAC) policy, which offers bare-bones defense against malware that is executing as a regular user or as root or against malfunctioning software.The only criteria for accessing files and devices are user identity and ownership.Most common operating systems employ Discretionary Access Control (DAC), a security concept that upholds security via ownership.A user has the ability to modify a file's read, write, and execute permissions if he owns it.Users have discretion over the data under this model.To learn more about Discretionary Access Control refer,
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CYBERSECURITY. ITS THE ONLY ONE I GOT STUCK ON PLS HELP.
Two Windows features are “boot in safe mode” (with limited user abilities) and “boot from disk.” Windows also has a third, easy-to-access startup utility that allows users to control which applications are started automatically when the OS is reset. How might these features enhance cybersecurity for Windows users?
Answer: How might these features enhance cybersecurity for Windows users:
1) Boot in safe mode - The safe mode only loads minimal and trusted drivers and services (excluding third-party options) thereby allowing isolation of potential issues, viruses, and trojan malware.
2) Boot from disk - The boot from disk option loads the operating system from a disk image, rather than loading it from the host system. This eliminates the loading of corrupted, infected, or altered boot loader files from a suspect system.
3) Start-up Utility - The startup utility provides the user with direct control over what applications, services, batch files, drivers, and scripts are run during the startup process. This can remove third-party bloatware or malware that can impact system performance or compromise cybersecurity for the user(s) data, access, identity, and applications.
Explanation:
All of these Windows tools enable different options for users to manage, troubleshoot, and protect their systems, data, identity, and applications from cybersecurity breaches, hackers, monitoring, and potential trojan malware. Used in together, they provide a comprehensive set of tools that can protect and disable cybersecurity threats and exploited vulnerabilities.
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you are the network administrator of a medium-sized company. your company requires a fair degree of security, and you have been tasked with defining and implementing a security policy. you have configured password policies so that users must change their passwords every 30 days. which password policy would you implement if you want to prevent users from reusing passwords they have used recently?
The password policy that would you implement if you want to prevent users from reusing passwords they have used recently is Account-Lockout Policy.
Describes the Account Lockout Policy settings and provides links to details for each setting. Someone trying to access your system with more than a few unsuccessful password tries might be a malevolent person trying to guess an account password by trial and error. Windows domain controllers monitor logon attempts, and they can be set to disable the account for a predetermined amount of time in response to this kind of possible assault. The threshold for this response and the subsequent actions are controlled by the Account Lockout Policy settings. The Group Policy Management Console's Computer Configuration > Policies > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Account Policies > Account Lockout Policy section is where Account Lockout Policy settings can be changed.
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you need to design an ipv6 addressing scheme for your network. the following are key requirements for your design: infrastructure hosts, such as routers and servers, are assigned static interface ids. however, workstations, notebooks, tablets, and phones are assigned interface ids dynamically. internet access must be available to all hosts through an isp. site-to-site wan connections are created using leased lines. which type of ipv6 addressing is most appropriate for hosts on this network?
Global Unicast Addressing type of ipv6 addressing is most appropriate for hosts on this network.
What is IP address?
An IP address is made up of two parts: the network ID, which is made up of the first three numbers, and the host ID, which is the fourth number. The network ID on your home network, for example 192.168.1.1, is 192.168.1, and the host ID is the number after that.
What is ipv6 addressing?
An endpoint device in an IPv6 network is identified by an IPv6 address, which is a 128-bit alphanumeric value. The IPv6 addressing infrastructure replaces the IPv4 addressing infrastructure, which had constraints that IPv6 was created to address.
1. Global routing prefix: The part of the address that is given to a customer or site by the provider, such as an ISP, is known as the global routing prefix. A specific autonomous system is given a Global routing prefix, which is made up of the most important 48 bits.
2. Subnet ID: The subnet ID is the number that comes after the interface ID and before the global routing prefix.
3. Interface ID: A 64-bit ID is created by using /64 subnets, which is strongly advised in most situations. The Interface ID is equal to the host portion of an IPv4 address.
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Darius needs to include contact information in an email that he is sending to a colleague. Which option should he choose from the ribbon?
Attach File
Attach Item
Attach Policy
Attach Signature
Attach the Signature option should he choose from the ribbon. Thus, option D is correct.
What is email?An email has taken the place of all other ways of communication because it allows us to email quick attachments like images and even films, and we're able to do it from where ever using any tool we happen to possess at the time.
Before the signer's title comes one of several symbols used to identify a digital form of a signature that can be represented. This digital form weill help to evaluate who has to send the email to the colleague.
Therefore, option D is the correct option.
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aside from the merchant center diagnostic interface, what other way will you be notified of an account suspension?
Other way will you be notified of an account suspension Email notification in G**gle Merchant Center.
What is diagnostic interface?
Only management traffic is permitted through the diagnostic interface; no through traffic is permitted. Monitoring via SNMP or Syslog is handy with the Diagnostic interface. FTD interfaces can be installed in either the regular firewall mode or the IPS-only mode. The same device can have both firewall and IPS-only interfaces.
It's crucial to pay attention to email notifications of account violations and take appropriate action before the relevant deadlines pass. Your data will be reviewed again at the conclusion of the warning period if you don't request a review during that time.
Your account has been suspended, and you'll get an email telling you about it along with all the pertinent details regarding the problems with the data quality and what to do next. The Home and Diagnostics pages of your Merchant Center account will display your suspension status. Account suspension may result from persistent policy violations.
Additionally, some products cannot legally be promoted using Shopping advertisements. Your entire Merchant Center account will be suspended if you try to advertise prohibited goods.
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What are some ways to access the Excel Help window? Check all that apply.
clicking and dragging the zoom slider on the status bar
double-clicking the title bar
clicking the question mark in the upper-right corner of the interface
pressing the F1 key on the keyboard
correct answer is c and d
The ways to access the Excel Help windows is option C and D:
Clicking the question mark in the upper-right corner of the interface.Pressing the F1 key on the keyboard.How fast can I learn Excel?Excel's interface and fundamental operations can be understood in its entirety in a matter of hours, but mastering its more advanced features may take more time and effort. Most users of Excel need 18 to 20 hours to completely understand this spreadsheet program.
Note that The File menu also has a Help option. Click File in any Office application, then select the recognizable? button in the top right corner. To open the Help Viewer window for the Office application you are using, press the F1 function key at any time.
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modern computer systems enable users to work with more than one program at the same time. this technique is known as
The modern computer systems enable users to work with more than one program at the same time. This technique is known as Multitasking or Multiprogramming .
What is mean by Multitasking?Computer multitasking is the practice of running many tasks concurrently for a predetermined period of time. New tasks can start and stop old ones before they are finished, as opposed to waiting for them to finish. Multitasking is often referred to as multiprocessing.A user can manage numerous computer tasks simultaneously using an operating system's multitasking feature, such as by running application software. When switching between these jobs without losing data, the operating system can keep track of where you are in each of them.Multitasking is the ability to manage several responsibilities at once while focusing on one task and keeping an eye on others.To learn more about multitasking refer to:
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assume you have a data stream (a collection of bits arriving to your machine). the machine will read a bit incorrectly with probability 0.01. if 10 bits were sent to you, what is the probability that this machine exactly one will be read incorrectly? what is the probability that at least 1 bit will be read incorrectly?
Less than or equal to is the definition of the word at least. Mean the lowest value that should appear once a random event occurs in probability.
The complement of the event never occurring will be used to determine the likelihood that an event will occur at least once. This means that the odds of the event never happening and the odds that it will happen at least once will both be equal to one, or a 100% chance. Prior to transmission, a probability estimate is made; following transmission, an error rate is recorded. An absolute upper limit on error rate exists for error correcting techniques. More types of errors than just single-bit ones are covered by probability of error.
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if a host's ipv6 address contains the network adapter's mac address within the last 64 bits of the ipv6 address, what standard is being used? group of answer choices uuid-128 eui-64 ieee 802.36 macin6
If a host's IPv6 address contains the network adapter's MAC address within the last 64 bits of the IPv6 address, the standard which is being used is: EUI-64.
What is an IP address?In Computer technology, an IP address is the short form of Internet protocol address and it can be defined as a unique set of numbers that are assigned to a network device such as a computer, website or other network devices such as routers, switches, etc., in order to successfully differentiate them from one another in an active network system.
The types of IP address.In Computer networking, the internet protocol (IP) address comprises two (2) main versions and these include;
Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4).Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6).In conclusion, EUI-64 is an abbreviation for Extended Unique Identifier and it is a technique that can be used to automatically configure IPv6 host addresses with the network adapter's MAC address.
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which of the following is not a typical role for a computer scientist on a development team? a.) systems administrator b.) database administrator c.) computer engineer d.) programming language specialist
Computer Engineer is not a typical role for a computer scientist on a development team.
What is a Computer Engineer?
A computer engineer is someone who combines electrical engineering and computer science to create new technology. Modern computers' hardware is designed, built, and maintained by computer engineers.
These engineers are concerned with safely and efficiently integrating hardware and software in a unified system. Computer engineers, cybersecurity professionals, and systems analysts are the second-largest category of tech jobs, according to CompTIA.
In addition to personal devices, computer engineers contribute to the development of robotics, networks, and other computer-based systems. This position entails a significant amount of research and development, testing, and quality assurance. Problem solvers and technology enthusiasts may be drawn to computer engineering.
Computer engineers collaborate with software developers and other tech professionals as part of a team. The field necessitates strong foundations in science and mathematics, and the majority of employees have a related bachelor's degree. Certifications in software, programming languages, or hardware systems can open up new doors for employment.
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question 2 a data analyst uses the sum function to add together numbers from a spreadsheet. however, after getting a zero result, they realize the numbers are actually text. what function can they use to convert the text to a numeric value?
It is necessary to utilize the VALUE Function to transform the text into a numeric value .
What is VALUE function?The value of the text that represents a number is provided via Excel's VALUE function. As in the sentence $5, it is a format for numbers in a text. Consequently, we will get 5 when applying the VALUE algorithm to this data. So, it is clear how this function allows us to obtain the numerical value that an Excel text represents.The four main types of data in Microsoft Excel are known as Excel data types. Text, number, logical, and error data are the four categories of data. Each type can be used for a variety of tasks, so knowing which to be using and when to utilize it is crucial.To learn more about VALUE function refer to :
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what type of intrusion detection and prevention system (idps) uses a normal traffic baseline, alerts when traffic levels fall outside expected clipping (acceptable or anticipated) levels?
A type of intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPs) that uses a normal traffic baseline, alerts when traffic levels fall outside expected clipping (acceptable or anticipated) levels is Statistical Anomaly-based.
What is IDS?IDS is an abbreviation for intrusion detection system and it can be defined as a type of information security (IS) system which is designed and developed to monitor network traffic, validates an end user's identity, and notifies the network engineer when there's a malicious activity.
In Cyber security, a Statistical Anomaly-based simply refers to a type of intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPs) that is designed and developed to alert its end users whenever the level of traffic fall outside expected threshold (acceptable or anticipated) levels, especially by making use of a normal traffic baseline.
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your team has received a dataset that features the latest ratings for thousands of chocolates from around the world. click here to access the dataset. given the data and the nature of the work you will do for your client, your team agrees to use r for this project. a teammate asks you about the benefits of using r for the project. you mention that r can quickly process lots of data and create high quality data visualizations. what is another benefit of using r for the project?
Another benefit of using R in this project is R's ability to easily reproduce and share the analysis.
A dataset in R is described as a central place in the package in RStudio in which data from multiple sources are stored, managed, and available for use.
Based on the given scenario, where your team receives a dataset that includes recent ratings for chocolates from all over the world. According to the provided dataset and the nature of the work you will be doing for your customer, your team agrees to use R for this project. Having asked by a team member about the benefits of using R for the project, you tell them that R has the ability to quickly process lots of data and create high-quality data visualizations as well as R provides the benefit to reproduce and share analysis easily.
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what happens if an encrypted file in an ntfs partition on a windows 10 system is moved to a fat32 partition on a windows 7 system?
The thing that happens if an encrypted file in an ntfs partition on a windows 10 system is moved to a fat32 partition on a windows 7 system is that the file is said to be decrypted and placed inside the FAT volume.
Where are files that are encrypted kept?The easiest way to safeguard your privacy while saving data to a cloud storage provider is to encrypt them. Numerous trustworthy zero-knowledge cloud storage providers exist, including Sync.com. Additionally, it is possible to encrypt data using free third-party software before transferring them to the cloud. 16 May 2022
Therefore, Version 3.0 of NTFS introduces the Encrypting File System (EFS), a technology that offers filesystem-level encryption on Microsoft Windows. The technique makes it possible to transparently encrypt files to shield private information from hackers who have physical access to the machine.
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your network contains an active directory domain. the domain contains 10 computers that run windows 10. users in the finance department use these computers. you have a computer named computer1 that runs windows 10. from computer1, you plan to run a script that executes windows powershell commands on the finance department computers. you need to ensure that you can run the powershell commands on the finance department computers from computer1. what should you do first on the finance department computers?
PowerShell is a cross-platform task automation solution that includes a command-line shell, a scripting language, and a configuration management system.
Explain about the Power shell?Microsoft created the PowerShell shell framework to help with administrative chores like configuration management and task automation. The programming language that comes with the framework and the shell used to execute commands are both referred to as "PowerShell."
An open-source CLI tool called PowerShell aids in using code to automate IT activities and configurations. PowerShell is a free, open-source command-line interface (CLI) program that enables DevOps experts, IT administrators, and developers to automate processes and setups.
The major purpose of PowerShell is to manage computer systems. Examples of things PowerShell can manage include hardware, software, registry settings, file management, and network configuration. PowerShell can, in essence, control practically every aspect of a computer system.
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error1could not write to output file 'the process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process.
This issue typically arises when you try to launch a programme that you haven't shut down previously. It can be can be an Operating system error or in any program you are coding.
This may occur if the file being referenced is open in another application or if the uploading process crashes. To fix it, first confirm that no users are currently viewing the file anywhere, then restart the computer to ensure it is not open as a leftover from a crash.
It is common knowledge that if a file is already in use, another process cannot change it. In this case, the Operating system locks a file when a programme or process opens it, making it impossible for another programme to make changes to it.
The problem usually arises when the user tries to execute a netsh command. Some users claim that when they attempt to right-click a website in the IIS (Internet Information Services) MMC (Microsoft Management Console) snap-in, they receive the error message.
Closing your programme (which could be the forms you created) or restarting the application are the next steps to correct it. If nothing else seems to work, launch task manager and check to see if your programme is still active even if you can't see it on the screen.
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a bitwise operator affects each pair of significant bits in the operands. the bitwise or operation result for decimals 610 (01102) or 510 (01012) is 710 (01112). what is the bitwise and operation result for decimals 510 and 910?
When the corresponding bits of one or both operands are 1, the bitwise OR operator (|) returns a 1 in each position. 510=(0101)2 910=(1001)2
Why it is called bitwise operator?In operating systems and driver software, flag values are typically defined using bitwise operators.For instance, the operating system's conceptual representation of the read-only mode in a file property is as a flag bit, and the bitwise operator is used to switch between the true and false values. Programming at the bit level makes use of them.These operators are used to change the bits in an expression for integers.Three different categories of bitwise operators are logical, shift, and complement.Reversing the bits in an expression is done using the bitwise complement operator. Each bit in the operands is examined separately by the bitwise logical operators, who then compute the result's corresponding bit value.Binary operators with a left and right operand include the bitwise operators and, or, and xor.The unary operator with only a right operand that makes up the bitwise operator not is.To learn more about bitwise operator refer
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you are a network engineer who is working on a very busy network and is concerned why the actual throughput is less than the potential bandwidth. the total signal strength has been estimated to be 1000 watts, and the estimated loss of signal due to noise has been calculated to be 6 db. what is the throughput that is being received at the moment as per your calculations, keeping the 3-db rule in mind?
250 W is received at the moment as per the rule. Network engineers create and implement network settings, troubleshoot performance issues, perform network monitoring, and set up security measures like firewalls.
What is network engineering?A network engineer is a technical expert who specializes in network connectivity in terms of data, voice, calls, videos, and wireless network services. Network architects are another term for network engineers.
Network engineers create and implement network settings, troubleshoot performance issues, perform network monitoring, and set up security measures like firewalls.
With more open networking engineer roles than available people, networking is a vocation that should be considered. A network engineering career may be a good fit for you if you have a high pay, a positive job outlook, and a high level of job satisfaction.
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which excel external data option automatically updates a table in the access database when the excel source file is updated?
Excel external data that is updated automatically when the excel source file is updated is a link that is connected to a linked table. Linked table will automatically represent a data in the excel.
A Linked Table generally can be defined as an Excel table that include a link to a table in a data model. If you connect to a table in an Access database, Access makes a new table, known a linked table, which maintains a link to the source records and fields. Any changes you create to the data in the source database are reflected in the linked table in the destination database, and vice versa. Link tables are commonly used to connect the two table or the fact tables.
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The Microsoft PC game Hover! features various mazes, such as a medieval castle and a sewer, that the players must run through to take the flags of the opposite team without being caught. What type of game mode does Hover! use? A.
turn-based game mode
B.
King of the Hill game mode
C.
capture the flag game mode
D.
movement game mode
Since the Microsoft PC game Hover features various mazes, the type of game mode that Hover! use is option C. capture the flag game mode.
Hover app: What is it?
This is known to be a very vibrant community exists on the social media platform Hover. Users can interact with you in a variety of ways, including by leaving comments on your blog entries, subscribing to your twitch channel, viewing your material, chatting with you, and connecting with you on Discord.
It is seen as futuristic 3D Open World is the setting for the frantic single-player and multiplayer Parkour game Hover. Enjoy the thrills of a challenging single-player and multiplayer Parkour game. Join the rebellion and call the police a tyrannical anti-leisure regime. Face the numerous obstacles in a futuristic open world.
Therefore, In the video game Hover!, elements from bumper cars and capture the flag are combined. Versions of Microsoft Windows 95 on CD-ROM contained it.
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the system administrator of your network wants to edit the registry, including setting security on the registry keys. what primary utilities that support the full editing of the windows 10 registry should the system administrator use?
The primary utilities that support the full editing of the Windows 10 registry are REGEDIT and REGEDT32
What is regedit used for?Regedit is the Windows registry editor, a graphical program that enables you to browse, monitor, and, if necessary, edit, the registry of the Windows operating system. You should exercise extreme caution when using Regedit since it enables you to make root-level or administrative changes to your computer as well as the configuration options for software that connects to the registry.The registry aids Windows in controlling and managing your computer by ensuring access to essential resources and assisting crucial apps with establishing configuration. The registry is a set of keys and values organized in a hierarchical database.Registry keys are containers that function like folders and house values or subways. Similar to files, registry values (not containers). The small registry size is maintained by the relatively basic user interface and grammar.To learn more about Window registry, refer to
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what is the ipv6 prefix of the address 2001:00cb:1562:0dc3:5400:0001:24a0:0014 if the prefix length is /56
2001:00cb:1562:0d:
Moreover, An IPv6 address prefix is a combination of an IPv6 prefix address and prefix length used to represent a block of address space (or network), similar to using a combination of IPv4 subnet address and netmask to specify a subnet. An IPv6 address prefix has the form ipv6-prefix/prefix-length.
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your enterprise recently decided to hire new employees as work-from-home interns. for the new employees to work from home, you need to create a network that will allow them to securely access enterprise data from remote locations. which technology should you use? s/mime ftps vpn snmp
A technology which you should use to create a network that will allow them to securely access enterprise data from remote locations is: C. VPN.
What is a VPN?A VPN is an abbreviation for Virtual Private Network and it can be defined as a secured, encrypted and private web-based service that is typically used for accessing region-restricted and censored internet content from remote locations.
Generally speaking, a Virtual Private Network (VPN) refers to a computer software that enable internet users to remotely create a secured connection (sends and receives data) over public or shared networks, as if they are directly connected to the private network.
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what automation practice keeps code created by multiple developers from diverging or conflicting? choose the best response.
The automation that practice keeps code created by multiple developers from diverging or conflicting is called Continuous Integration automation.
What is Continuous Integration automation?
The build and unit testing stages of the software release process are referred to as continuous integration. Every committed revision starts an automatic build and test. Code changes are automatically created, tested, and readied for production release using continuous delivery.
The method of automating the integration of code changes from various contributors into a single software project is known as continuous integration (CI). It's a fundamental DevOps best practice that allows developers to often merge code changes into a centralized repository where builds and tests are subsequently done.
Jenkins is one of the most extensively used free open-source CI tools in software engineering. It is a server-based CI application built in Java that runs on a web server.
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which of the following procedures will enable you to change how cells in your spreadsheet appear if they contain a value of $100 or more?
Excel IF functions are used to make decisions by making logical comparisons.
What is bazinga?The value that will appear in cell B2 is 'bazinga'. The following procedures will enable you to change how cells in your spreadsheet appear if they contain a value of $100 or more.
The formula is given as:
=if(A1>100,'bazinga','zippo")
And the value of A1 is given as:
A1 = 425
An Excel if function is represented as:
=if(logical_comparison,value_if_true,value_if_false)
First, the formula makes comparison of cell A1 and 100 i.e. the formula checks if 425 is greater than 100, since 425 is greater than 100, then the result of cell B2 will be 'bazinga'.
Therefore, Excel IF functions are used to make decisions by making logical comparisons.
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what is the 48-bit ethernet address of your computer? 2. what is the 48-bit destination address in the ethernet frame? is this the ethernet address of gaia.cs.umass.edu? (hint: the answer is no).
gaia.cs.umass.edu is Not a ethernet address. It is a 12-digit hexadecimal number that occupies 6 bytes.
What is an Ethernet Hardware Address?Your Ethernet card's individual identification is known as the Ethernet hardware address (HW Address).It is a 12-digit hexadecimal number that occupies 6 bytes (12 digits in hex = 48 bits). MAC addresses have a length of 48 bits.They are divided into two halves: the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) formed by the first 24 bits and the serial number formed by the final 24 bits (formally called an extension identifier).An IP address is a 32-bit number that is typically displayed in dotted decimal format. This format displays each octet (8 bits) of the address in decimal format, with a period separating each value.To learn more about Ethernet address refer,
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gaia.cs.umass.edu is Not a ethernet address. It is a 12-digit hexadecimal number that occupies 6 bytes.
What is an Ethernet Hardware Address?Your Ethernet card's individual identification is known as the Ethernet hardware address (HW Address).It is a 12-digit hexadecimal number that occupies 6 bytes (12 digits in hex = 48 bits).MAC addresses have a length of 48 bits.They are divided into two halves: the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) formed by the first 24 bits and the serial number formed by the final 24 bits (formally called an extension identifier).An IP address is a 32-bit number that is typically displayed in dotted decimal format. This format displays each octet (8 bits) of the address in decimal format, with a period separating each value.To learn more about Ethernet address refer,
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Which process exports a database into a format that can be read by another program like a spreadsheet?
A database management system (DBMS) is a piece of software that is used to construct and administer databases.
What is the general term for software that creates and manages database?A piece of software called a database management system (DBMS) is used to create and maintain databases. A single user can use it for personal usage, or a large group of users might use it for business purposes.The database's underlying data can be accessed by users, who can also interact with it. These activities might range from simple data queries to creating database schemas that have a significant impact on the database structure. It can be used personally by a single person or corporately by a large number of users.A group of applications for storing and retrieving data. A collection of connected data that includes tools to store and access that data in a quick and efficient way is known as a database management system, or DBMS.To Learn more About database management system refer to:
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you suspect that there are a number of deleted files that can still be salvaged in the unallocated space of a drive image. during which phase of the investigation would you use a data carving utility?
The correct answer is examination (file carving ).
The process is known as file carving and can be done manually or with the help of a tool. As you might imagine, tools can greatly speed up the process. Files are identified in the unallocated space by certain unique characteristics. File headers and footers are common examples of these characteristics or signatures.File carving is a process used in computer forensics to extract data from a disk drive or other storage device without the assistance of the file system that originality created the file.
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and assuming main memory is initially unloaded, show the page faulting behavior using the following page replacement policies. how many page faults are generated by each page replacement algorithm?
FIFO
// C++ implementation of FIFO page replacement
// in Operating Systems.
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// Function to find page faults using FIFO
int pageFaults(int pages[], int n, int capacity)
{
// To represent set of current pages. We use
// an unordered_set so that we quickly check
// if a page is present in set or not
unordered_set<int> s;
// To store the pages in FIFO manner
queue<int> indexes;
// Start from initial page
int page_faults = 0;
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
// Check if the set can hold more pages
if (s.size() < capacity)
{
// Insert it into set if not present
// already which represents page fault
if (s.find(pages[i])==s.end())
{
// Insert the current page into the set
s.insert(pages[i]);
// increment page fault
page_faults++;
// Push the current page into the queue
indexes.push(pages[i]);
}
}
// If the set is full then need to perform FIFO
// i.e. remove the first page of the queue from
// set and queue both and insert the current page
else
{
// Check if current page is not already
// present in the set
if (s.find(pages[i]) == s.end())
{
// Store the first page in the
// queue to be used to find and
// erase the page from the set
int val = indexes.front();
// Pop the first page from the queue
indexes.pop();
// Remove the indexes page from the set
s.erase(val);
// insert the current page in the set
s.insert(pages[i]);
// push the current page into
// the queue
indexes.push(pages[i]);
// Increment page faults
page_faults++;
}
}
}
return page_faults;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
int pages[] = {7, 0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4,
2, 3, 0, 3, 2};
int n = sizeof(pages)/sizeof(pages[0]);
int capacity = 4;
cout << pageFaults(pages, n, capacity);
return 0;
}
LRU
//C++ implementation of above algorithm
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// Function to find page faults using indexes
int pageFaults(int pages[], int n, int capacity)
{
// To represent set of current pages. We use
// an unordered_set so that we quickly check
// if a page is present in set or not
unordered_set<int> s;
// To store least recently used indexes
// of pages.
unordered_map<int, int> indexes;
// Start from initial page
int page_faults = 0;
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
// Check if the set can hold more pages
if (s.size() < capacity)
{
// Insert it into set if not present
// already which represents page fault
if (s.find(pages[i])==s.end())
{
s.insert(pages[i]);
// increment page fault
page_faults++;
}
// Store the recently used index of
// each page
indexes[pages[i]] = i;
}
// If the set is full then need to perform lru
// i.e. remove the least recently used page
// and insert the current page
else
{
// Check if current page is not already
// present in the set
if (s.find(pages[i]) == s.end())
{
// Find the least recently used pages
// that is present in the set
int lru = INT_MAX, val;
for (auto it=s.begin(); it!=s.end(); it++)
{
if (indexes[*it] < lru)
{
lru = indexes[*it];
val = *it;
}
}
// Remove the indexes page
s.erase(val);
// insert the current page
s.insert(pages[i]);
// Increment page faults
page_faults++;
}
// Update the current page index
indexes[pages[i]] = i;
}
}
return page_faults;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
int pages[] = {7, 0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2, 3, 0, 3, 2};
int n = sizeof(pages)/sizeof(pages[0]);
int capacity = 4;
cout << pageFaults(pages, n, capacity);
return 0;
}
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