What was the first written language in Mesopotamia?

The historical context of the Equal Protection Clause is closely tied to the events leading up to and during the Civil War.

The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was adopted in 1868 following the Civil War. The amendment was designed to protect the rights of newly freed slaves and ensure that they were treated equally under the law.

Prior to the Civil War, the Supreme Court had ruled in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case that African Americans were not considered citizens and therefore did not have the same rights as white citizens. The Equal Protection Clause was specifically designed to overturn this decision and ensure that all citizens, regardless of race, were treated equally under the law.

The historical context of the Civil War and the fight for racial equality played a significant role in the development of the Equal Protection Clause. Without this historical context, the Equal Protection Clause may not have been included in the Fourteenth Amendment or may have been written differently.

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Wilson's Fourteen Points incorporated all of the following except (A) open diplomacy. Open diplomacy is nongovernmental, informal, and involves unofficial interactions and activities between private citizens or groups of individuals, also known as non-state actors.

On January 8, 1918, President Wilson, in his address to a common session of the United States Congress, formulated under 14 separate heads his ideas of the essential nature of a post-World War I agreement. The textbook of the Fourteen Points is as follows

The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace accommodations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war points and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.

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Colonist F might be a loyalist or a neutral. He requires British protection for his ships and merchandise. However, he is concerned about the Patriots, who do not want him to promote British goods. He does not want to be attacked in the same way that his friend was.

Patriots were those who supported independence from the United Kingdom. Loyalists were those who wanted the colonies to stay loyal to Great Britain. Americans who did not select a side were referred to as Neutrals. Loyalists: American Revolutionary War colonists who supported and remained loyal to the British crown. Patriots: During the American Revolution, colonists rebelled against British rule. Other colonists desired to remain neutral because they did not want to be a part of a conflict that would destroy their families and homes. They may or may not have felt strongly for independence, but the risk of war was too large in their opinion.

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Congress pass the missouri compromise of 1820 in an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states.

The Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting in an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states,  Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

It maintained a delicate balance between free and slave states, If the slavery question could be settled politically On the single most divisive issue of the day, the U.S. Senate was equally divided. , any such settlement would have to happen in the Senate.

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 by passing the law, which President James Monroe signed, the U.S. Congress admitted Missouri to the Union as a state that allowed slavery, was a law that tried to address growing sectional tensions over the issue of slavery.  and Maine as a free state.

The main issue of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 compromise divided the lands of the Louisiana Purchase into two parts.  was how to deal with the spread of slavery into western territories. The Slavery would be allowed south of latitude 36 degrees 30'.

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The relationship between Charlemagne, the Frankish king, and the Pope benefitted both in many ways which are highlighted below.

The relationship between a Frankish king and the pope was beneficial to both: The church received protection from them against invaders and was able to spread Christianity amongst the Germanic people through the Frankish rulers. The recognition by the church meant that the Franks’ authority increased as compared to the other Germanic peoples. It would later lead to Frank king Charlemagne being crowned the Roman Emperor. The symbolism of that event was built upon by the church to its benefit. Successive emperors were put in a much weaker position.

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As a result of both side wanting to see their principles spread towards the west, there was increasing sectional tension in the north due to the presence of many abolitionists and few pro-slavery individuals.

Slavery was the only political issue that arose regarding westward expansion. Northern states wanted to see an increase in industry and wage-paying jobs, whilst Southern states wanted to protect and expand slavery and, by extension, their economic rights.

The prospect of economic expansion supported the idea of manifest destiny, but it also stoked conflict between different sections of the population over slavery. Due to the presence of many abolitionists and few pro-slavery people, there was growing sectional tension in the north since both sides wanted to see their ideologies extend to the west.

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Answer: First, the warfare of the Haitian Revolution destroyed the capital and infrastructure of the economy. Second, Haiti lacked diplomatic and trade relations with other nations. Third, Haiti lacked investment, both foreign and domestic investment.

Explanation:

The East-West Schism, commonly referred to as the Great Schism, split Christianity into two main branches in 1054 CE: the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Eastern Orthodox Church in the East.

The authority of the Pope in Rome was the principal area of contention. While the Roman Catholic Church considered that the Pope was the ultimate authority in matters of doctrine and church governance, the Eastern Orthodox Church believed in a decentralised system of government with authority vested in a council of bishops.

Differences in the two regions' cultures, languages, and theologies also had an impact on the schism. Even today, many doctrines and practises are shared by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church, despite their continued separation.

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Note that Islam has significantly influenced Africa since the 7th century, shaping its customs, language, and governance.

The Muslim world has had a significant influence on Africa since the spread of Islam to the continent in the seventh century.

The religion and its accompanying culture have been adopted and incorporated into African societies, shaping their customs, language, and architecture. Today, the majority of the population in North Africa, West Africa, and the Horn of Africa are Muslims.

Islamic law and institutions have also influenced many African countries' governance and legal systems.

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Mikhail Gorbachev was the soviet general secretary in 1985 who introduced the two revolutionary ideas known as glasnost and perestroika.

Glasnost was perceived as a progressive increase in transparency and openness in Soviet governmental institutions and operations (USSR). The Gorbachev administration's dedication to enabling Soviet residents to discuss issues with their own system and potential solutions publicly was reflected in Glasnost. In order to implement policies that Soviet economists at the time considered daring, Gorbachev implemented perestroika in the Soviet Union's foreign economic sector. A new ruler came to power in 1985. Gorbachev started putting his two-track reform plan into action.

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Father Hidalgo led a struggle for independence in Maxico.

Miguel Hidalgo is also regarded as the father of Maxican independence.

The independe day in Maxico marks the starting of a decade long revolution.

The Maxicn people throughout the Globe celebrate  the anniversary of the country's independence from Spain.

He walked around  Mexico and collected an army of around 90,000 poor farmers and Mexican civilians who attacked the  Spanish Peninsular and Criollo elites.

He was also very influenced by the idea of Enlightenment.  Which also later contributed to his Ouster in 1792.

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Charlotte Perkins Gilman maintained that once women were freed from the constraints of domestic life, they would be able to contribute their distinct perspective as mothers to society.

American humanist, author, educator, writer, proponent of social change, and eugenicist Charlotte Perkins Gilman. She was an utopia feminist, and because of her unconventional ideas and way of life, she served as an inspiration to later generations of women. Her induction into the National Women's Hall of Fame has taken place.

Her semi-autobiographical story The Yellow Wallpaper, that she wrote following a particularly bad case of postpartum psychosis, is Gilman's best known piece today.

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The sinking of the Lusitania by Germany convinced the united states to enter World War I on the side of the allies. The correct option is A.

One of the worst worldwide wars in history was World War I, sometimes known as the First World War. The Central Powers and the Allies fought as two coalitions. Fighting broke out in several countries of Asia, the Pacific, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe.

5 million people perished as a result of military action, famine, and disease, compared to an estimated 9 million soldiers who died in battle and another 23 million who were injured. Genocide claimed millions more lives, and the 1918 Spanish flu epidemic was made worse by the movement of soldiers during the conflict.

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Adam's supporters owned factories in New England and favored a strong central government. Jefferson's supporters favored a limited central government and farmed in the South.

Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were both founding fathers of the United States of America. They were great friends, who became enemies for several years before renewing their friendship later in life. It is believed that at least 380 letters were written between the two men.

They first met at the Continental Congress, with Adams the representative from Massachusetts, and Jefferson the representative from Virginia, and quickly became friends. John and his wife Abigail regularly invited Thomas to their home.

A rift began growing between them while they served under President George Washington. Adams believed in a strong central government and was a member of the Federalist Party. Jefferson was an Anti-Federalist and member of the Republican Party.

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Option A: Separate but equal was officially abolished by the Brown decision.

The racial and legal theory of separate but equal was finally overturned by the Brown decision. Hence, choice A is the best one. Millions of Americans were given optimism by Brown v. Board of Education of Kansas, a key Federal Court decision from 1954 that permanently eliminated the justification for the segregated social system. The "separate but equal" principle of the Plessy decision was overturned by the Brown decision. The case's conclusion states that racial discrimination in public schools is unlawful. The Plessy incident, In spite of the fact that "All men are created equal," as stated in the Declaration of Independence, everyone has a right to equal treatment and opportunity in society.As a result, choice A is appropriate.

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Emperor Franz Joseph I was desperate to protect the union of the austro-hungarian empire. Therefore (a) is the correct answer.

Franz Joseph, who completely supported the Ausgleich (the Hungarian Compromise) as the Dual Monarchy's founding treaty, was unable to recognise the drawbacks of that incredibly complex agreement. He wasn't as concerned with internal issues as he should have been, being more interested in foreign policy and military leadership issues. As a result, he failed to grasp the seriousness of the nationalities issue. He specifically missed the link between internal issues in Austria-Hungary and their impact on the monarchy's relations with Russia and the political climate in the Balkans.

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Answer:

Sectionalism refers to loyalty to one's own region or section of a country, rather than to the country as a whole. It was a major issue in the United States in the 19th century, particularly during the antebellum period, as different regions of the country had different economic, social, and political interests.

The conflicts between South Carolina and the federal government during this time were primarily centered around the issue of tariffs. South Carolina, which relied heavily on foreign trade, was heavily impacted by tariffs, which raised the prices of imported goods and made it more difficult for South Carolina to compete with other states. In response, South Carolina passed the "Nullification Ordinance," which declared federal tariffs null and void within the state. This act was seen as a direct challenge to federal authority and the U.S. government responded by sending military forces to South Carolina.

The conflict was ultimately resolved through the Compromise of 1833, which reduced the tariffs and provided relief to South Carolina. The compromise was seen as a victory for both sides, as it allowed South Carolina to maintain its sovereignty while also maintaining the authority of the federal government.

In conclusion, the conflicts between South Carolina and the federal government during this time were a result of sectionalism, as the different regions of the country had different interests and priorities. The Compromise of 1833 served as a resolution to these conflicts and helped to maintain the balance of power between the federal government and the states.

Explanation:

The emergency banking act was passed to stabilize the u.s. banking system by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Following his initiation in Walk 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt set off on a mission to remake trust in the country's financial framework. At that point, the Economic crisis of the early 20s was devastating the US economy. Many individuals were pulling out their cash from banks and keeping it at home. Accordingly, the new president called an exceptional meeting of Congress the day after the introduction and proclaimed a four-day banking occasion that shut down the financial framework, including the Central bank. This activity was followed a couple of days after the fact by the section of the Crisis Banking Act, which was expected to reestablish Americans' trust in banks when they returned.

In his most memorable Fireside Talk on Walk 12, 1933, Roosevelt made sense of the emergency banking act about as regulation that was "speedily and energetically passed by the Congress ... [that] gave position to foster a program of restoration of our financial offices. ... The new regulation permits the twelve Central bank Banks to give extra money on great resources and accordingly the banks that resume will actually want to meet each authentic call. The new money is being conveyed by the Department of Etching and Printing to all aspects of the country."

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Answer:

The Tweed Ring in New York

The Tweed Ring was a political scandal in New York City during the late 1860s and early 1870s, involving corruption within the city government and the Democratic Party. The ring was named after its leader, William M. Tweed, who was the head of Tammany Hall, the city’s Democratic political machine.

The Tweed Ring used their political power to manipulate the city government and the awarding of contracts to enrich themselves. Tweed and his associates created fake companies to receive government contracts, inflated the prices of construction projects, and even embezzled money from the city’s treasury.

At the height of the scandal, it was estimated that the Tweed Ring had stolen between $30 million and $200 million from the city. This was an astronomical sum of money at the time, and the corruption of the Tweed Ring had a profound effect on New York City’s finances and reputation.

The Credit Mobilier Scandal

The Credit Mobilier Scandal was a political scandal in the United States in the late 19th century, involving the Union Pacific Railroad and its construction company, the Credit Mobilier of America. The scandal centered around the financing and construction of the transcontinental railroad, which was one of the most important infrastructure projects in U.S. history.

The Credit Mobilier of America was established by the Union Pacific Railroad to oversee the construction of the railroad. However, the company was also used to profit the railroad’s owners and politicians who had invested in the company. The company overcharged the government for the construction of the railroad, and the profits were then divided among the investors, including members of Congress.

The Credit Mobilier Scandal was a major political scandal in the United States, involving some of the country’s most prominent politicians. The scandal led to the resignation of Vice President Schuyler Colfax and the impeachment of Congressman James Brooks. It also contributed to the downfall of Ulysses S. Grant’s presidency and contributed to a general loss of faith in the government among the American people.

Black Friday

Black Friday was a financial crisis in the United States in 1869, when a group of speculators attempted to corner the gold market. The crisis was triggered by the efforts of Jay Gould and James Fisk to manipulate the price of gold by hoarding the precious metal.

The speculators’ actions caused the price of gold to soar, leading to a panic in the financial markets. The crisis reached a peak on September 24, 1869, when the price of gold crashed, causing widespread panic and a run on the banks.

The effects of Black Friday were severe, leading to the bankruptcy of many banks and businesses and causing widespread financial hardship for ordinary Americans. The crisis also contributed to a general loss of faith in the government and the financial system, and helped to spur the adoption of more robust financial regulations.

Overall, the Reconstruction era was marked by a series of scandals that had a profound impact on the United States. These scandals contributed to a general loss of faith in the government and the financial system, and helped to spur the adoption of more robust financial regulations. They also serve as a reminder of the dangers of corruption and the need for strong government oversight and regulation of financial markets.

Calais is a historic French port located on the English Channel coast. It has played a significant role in many historical events and is known for its landmarks, cuisine, and vibrant culture.

One of the most famous historic French ports located on the English Channel coast is the city of Calais. Calais has a long and storied history dating back to the Roman era, and its strategic location has made it a key site in many historical events, including the Hundred Years' War, World War II, and the modern-day refugee crisis. Calais is known for its historic landmarks, such as the 13th-century Tour du Guet, the medieval Fort Risban, and the iconic lighthouse, Phare de Calais. The city is also known for its vibrant culture, including its famous cuisine and arts scene.

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Answer:

D. Republic

Explanation:

D. Republic.

A republic is a form of government in which the people or their representatives are empowered to exercise supreme authority in making and enforcing laws. It is a system in which the head of state is elected by the people, rather than inheriting the position.

They were barred from combat.

Throughout the history of mankind,  the world War II was supposed to have the largest and most violent armed conflict.

During this revolutionary War, many women served the US army  in their traditional and cultural role of nurses, and cooks for the army troops and they also served as the seamstresses.

However, some of the courageous women also served in Combat. Either they disguised as men or served by the side of their husbands.

Although not in the uniforms, they also faced the hardships of the soldiers,  and shared other problems including  little compensation and inadequate housing conditions.

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Houston Rockets' Sengun is the youngest player to get a triple-double in the NBA playoffs. Sengun was drafted in 2021, and it was his first triple-double. Sengun beat the previous record holder in this field Karl-Anthony Towns.

Triple- double is a term used in basketball to measure the performance of the player. The player is measured on five aspects during every game, which are points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks. When a player reaches to double digits in three of the categories, then it is called a triple-double.

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Answer:

B. South Carolina was voting to secede.

Explanation:

just took the test

The purchase of the Louisiana Territory as president aligned with his goal of extending the United States westward. Thus, option 'C' is the correct option.

In 1803 the westward movement started in earnest. Thomas Jefferson signed a pact with France in which the United States paid $15 million to France for the Louisiana Territory, an area of territory measuring 828,000 square miles west of the Mississippi River. This practically doubled the size of the new country.

The westward expansion, for which Jefferson served as the architect, was one of his finest accomplishments. He dispatched the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-6) to the Pacific because he foresaw the nation's future on the continent, even though he was aware that it would have to pass land that was claimed by other nations.

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The given statement "The country of Iraq has an ancient history as a nation and was formed by a local independence movement" is False.

Iraq is a nation in Western Asia whose terrain is most similar to that of ancient Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia's history dates back to the Lower Paleolithic era and continues up until the founding of the Caliphate in the late 7th century AD, at which point the area became known as Iraq.

The ancient land of Sumer, often regarded as the earliest civilisation in recorded history, was located entirely within Iraqi territory and emerged between 6,000 and 5,000 BC during the Neolithic Ubaid period of Mesopotamian history. Moreover, it served as the historical hub for the empires of the Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, and Neo-Babylonian, a string of regional dynasties that ruled over Mesopotamia and other parts of the Ancient Near East during the Bronze and Iron Ages.

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The complete Question is-

True/ False

The country of Iraq has an ancient history as a nation and was formed by a local independence movement.

Roosevelt's New Deal policies criticized for his economic policies, especially the shift in tone from individualism to collectivism with the dramatic expansion.

Roosevelt  for his economic policies, especially the shift in tone from individualism to collectivism ,criticisms continued decades after his death,with the dramatic expansion of the welfare state and regulation of the economy was criticized. Those criticisms continued decades after his death.

U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal (1933–39) aimed to provide immediate economic relief and to bring about reforms to stabilize the economy.

The New Deal had basically three goals: relief, recovery, and reform. Relief meant that the president wanted to help those in crisis immediately by creating jobs, bread lines, and welfare. Recovery  was mainly known for the aim by  fixing the economy and ending the Depression.

The New Deal was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt mainly aimed to restore prosperity to Americans.

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Answer:

According to Anthony Kenny, the last great philosopher of the Middle Ages was Thomas Aquinas.

Explanation:

Aquinas was born in Italy in 1225 and is best known for his influential works on theology, philosophy and natural law. He is considered to be one of the most influential thinkers of the scholastic era and is often referred to as the “Angelic Doctor” for his important contributions to Christian theology.

According to Anthony Kenny, the last great philosopher of the Middle Ages was William of Ockham.

Ockham was a Franciscan friar and theologian who is best known for his principle of simplicity, also known as Occam's Razor. This principle states that the simplest explanation is usually the correct one. Ockham's work was influential in the development of nominalism and the scientific method.

William of Ockham (c. 1287 – 1347) was an English Franciscan friar, philosopher, and theologian who is best known for his development of the philosophical principle known as "Ockham's Razor."

Ockham's Razor, also known as the principle of parsimony, states that when there are multiple explanations for a phenomenon, the simplest explanation is the most likely to be correct.

This principle has become a fundamental tenet of scientific inquiry and is widely used in fields ranging from physics to biology to economics.

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