When a battery is being used in a circuit, how will the voltage across its terminals be different from when no current is being drawn from the battery?

Answers

Answer 1

When a battery is being used in a circuit, the voltage across its terminals will be different from when no current is being drawn from the battery due to internal resistance and chemical processes within the battery.

1. In the case when no current is being drawn from the battery, the voltage across its terminals is called the open-circuit voltage or the electromotive force (EMF). This is the maximum potential difference the battery can provide and is determined by the battery's chemistry.

2. When a battery is connected to a circuit and current starts flowing, the voltage across the battery's terminals will decrease slightly. This is because of the battery's internal resistance, which opposes the flow of current. The voltage drop across the internal resistance results in a lower terminal voltage.

3. The amount of voltage decrease depends on the current drawn from the battery and the battery's internal resistance. The higher the current or internal resistance, the greater the voltage drop.

4. The battery's chemical reactions also play a role in the terminal voltage. When current is drawn, the chemical reactions within the battery occur at a faster rate. As the reactions progress, the battery's ability to maintain its original voltage decreases, resulting in a lower terminal voltage.

In summary, the voltage across a battery's terminals will be different when it is being used in a circuit compared to when no current is being drawn due to the presence of internal resistance and the progression of chemical reactions within the battery.

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Related Questions

The light intensity 10m from a point source is 1000W/m2. The intensity 100m from the same

source is:

A. 1000W/m2

B. 100W/m2

C. 10W/m2

D. 1W/m2

E. 0.1W/m2

Answers

The intensity 100m from the point source is D) 1 W/m².

The intensity of light decreases with the square of the distance from the point source. This means that if the distance from the point source is multiplied by 10, the intensity of light will decrease by a factor of 100.

So, at a distance of 100m from the point source, the intensity will be 1/1000th of the intensity at 10m. Therefore, the intensity at 100m from the point source is D) 1 W/m² (1000 W/m² divided by 1000).

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An elevator of mass 500 kg is caused to accelerate upward at 4.0 m/s2 by a force in the cable. What is the force exerted by the cable?
a. 4,900 N b. 2,900 N
c. 6,900 N
d. 2,000 N
e. zero

Answers

The force exerted by the cable is approximately 6,900 N (option c).

To calculate the force exerted by the cable, we need to consider both the elevator's mass (500 kg) and its upward acceleration (4.0 m/s²). We also need to account for the force of gravity acting on the elevator, which can be calculated using the formula F_gravity = mass * g, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s²).

First, let's find the gravitational force acting on the elevator: F_gravity = 500 kg * 9.81 m/s² = 4905 N (downward).

Next, we'll determine the net force required for the elevator's upward acceleration using Newton's second law, F_net = mass * acceleration. F_net = 500 kg * 4.0 m/s² = 2000 N (upward).

To find the force exerted by the cable, we need to counteract the gravitational force and provide the additional net force required for acceleration. Therefore, the total force exerted by the cable is the sum of the gravitational force and the net force:

F_cable = F_gravity + F_net = 4905 N + 2000 N = 6905 N.

Thus, the correct answer is 6,900 N (option c).

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If the charged tape is attracted to both the magnetic and non-magnetic rod in the same way, can you conclude that there is any special interaction or force between either of the magnets poles and the tape?

Answers

No, we can't conclude that there is any special interaction or force between either of the magnet's poles and the tape based on the observation.

How charged tape and magnetic/non-magnetic rods causes attraction?

The attraction between the charged tape and the magnetic or non-magnetic rod could be due to electrostatic forces. When an object is rubbed with a material, such as a tape, it can acquire a static electric charge.

The charged tape can then interact with the charged particles on the surface of the rod, causing an attractive force between the two objects.

Since the tape is attracted to both the magnetic and non-magnetic rod in the same way, it is likely that the force between the tape and the rods is not magnetic in nature.

Magnets, on the other hand, have magnetic fields that interact with other magnetic fields or with magnetic materials, but they don't generally interact with charged particles in the same way as electrostatic forces.

Therefore, we cannot conclude that there is any special interaction or force between either of the magnet's poles and the tape based on the observation that the tape is attracted to both the magnetic and non-magnetic rod in the same way.

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A key feature of the Weissenber rheogoniomer is the fact that a conical upper surface results in uniform velocity gradient between cone and plates for all radian diances
T/F

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The given statement is true, a key feature of the Weissenber rheogoniomer is the fact that a conical upper surface results in a uniform velocity gradient between the cone and plates for all radial distances.

This uniform velocity gradient allows for accurate measurement of rheological properties of materials.

The Weissenberg effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a spinning rod is inserted into a solution of elastic liquid. Instead of being thrown outward, the solution is drawn towards the rod and rises up around it. This is a direct consequence of the normal stress that acts like a hoop stress around the rod.

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A certain current source provides 100milli ampere to a 1kilo ohm load. if the resistance is decreased to 500 ohm,what the current in the load?

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According to Ohm's Law, the relationship between current (I), voltage (V), and resistance (R) is given by the equation: I = V/R.

Given:

Current (I1) = 100 milliamperes = 100 mA = 0.1 A

Resistance (R1) = 1 kiloohm = 1000 ohms

Resistance (R2) = 500 ohms

To find the current in the load when the resistance is decreased to 500 ohms, we can use the equation I2 = V/R2, where I2 is the new current and V is the voltage.

Since the current source is providing a constant current, the current (I1) will remain the same regardless of the resistance change. Therefore, we can set I1 = I2.

Using Ohm's Law, we can rearrange the equation as V = I * R.

For the initial situation:

V1 = I1 * R1

For the new situation:

V2 = I2 * R2

Since V1 = V2 (the voltage provided by the current source remains the same), we can set them equal:

I1 * R1 = I2 * R2

Substituting the given values:

0.1 A * 1000 ohms = I2 * 500 ohms

Solving for I2:

I2 = (0.1 A * 1000 ohms) / 500 ohms

I2 = 0.2 A

Therefore, when the resistance is decreased to 500 ohms, the current in the load will be 0.2 amperes or 200 milliamperes.

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What is the electrostatic potential energy of a -5μC charge located at x = 5 m and a -2 μC charge located at the origin?

Answers

The electrostatic potential energy between the two charged particles is approximately 17.98 mJ.

The electrostatic potential energy between two charged particles can be calculated using the following formula:
Electrostatic potential energy (U) = (k * q1 * q2) / r
where k is the electrostatic constant (approximately [tex]8.99[/tex]× [tex]10^9[/tex]N[tex]m^2[/tex]/[tex]C^2[/tex]), q1 and q2 are the charges of the two particles, and r is the distance between them.
In this case, q1 = -5µC and q2 = -2µC, where 1µC = [tex]10^{-6[/tex] C. The charges are located at x = 5 m and x = 0 m (origin), so the distance r = 5 m. Plugging in these values, we have:
U = ([tex]8.99[/tex] × [tex]10^9 Nm^2/C^2[/tex]) * ([tex]-5[/tex] × [tex]10^{-6[/tex] C) * ([tex]-2[/tex]× [tex]10^{-6[/tex] C) / (5 m)
U = ([tex]8.99[/tex] × [tex]10^9[/tex]) * [tex]10^{-12[/tex] * [tex]10[/tex] [tex]C^2[/tex] / [tex]5[/tex]
U = ([tex]8.99[/tex] × 2) × [tex]10^{-3[/tex] J
U = [tex]17.98[/tex]× [tex]10^{-3[/tex] J

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14. A wave has a speed of 2100 m/s and a frequency of 55 Hz. What is its approximate wavelength?
a. 2155 m
b. 115 500 m
c. 38 m
d. 2045 m

Answers

A wave has a speed of 2100 m/s and a frequency of 55 Hz. then its approximate wavelength is 38.18 m.

Wave is is a disturbance in a medium that carries energy as well as momentum . wave is characterized by amplitude, wavelength and phase. Amplitude is the greatest distance that the particles are vibrating. especially a sound or radio wave, moves up and down. Amplitude is a measure of loudness of a sound wave. More amplitude means more loud is the sound wave.

Wavelength is the distance between two points on the wave which are in same phase. Phase is the position of a wave at a point at time t on a waveform.

the speed of the wave is given by,

c = λν

where c is velocity, λ is wavelength and ν is frequency.

Putting all the values in equation we get,

2100 m/s = 55 Hz×λ

λ = 2100/55

λ = 38.18 m

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4.25 a person gives a box a shove so that it slides up a ramp, then it reverses its motion and slides down. The direction of the force of friction is
A always down the ramp
B up the ramp and then down the ramp
c always down the ramp
d down the ramp and then up the ramp

Answers

The requried, direction of the force of friction is down the ramp and then up the ramp. Option D is correct.

The direction of the force of friction depends on the direction of motion of the box and the surface it is sliding on. When the box is sliding up the ramp, the force of friction acts in the opposite direction to the motion of the box, which is down the ramp. This is because the frictional force always opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact.

When the box reverses its motion and slides down the ramp, the direction of the force of friction also reverses, acting in the opposite direction to the motion of the box, which is up the ramp.

Thus, the correct option is  (D) down the ramp and then up the ramp.

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The unit vector e in cylindrical coordinates always points int ohs are direction for r, theta, and z.

T/F

Answers

It is false that the unit vector e in cylindrical coordinates always points int ohs are direction for r, theta, and z.

Is it true or false that the unit vector e in cylindrical coordinates points in the same direction for r, theta, and z?

In cylindrical coordinates, the unit vector e is defined as a set of three mutually perpendicular unit vectors that point in the radial (e_r), azimuthal (e_theta), and axial (e_z) directions, respectively.

The unit vector e_r always points in the radial direction, away from the z-axis, while the unit vector e_theta always points in the azimuthal direction around the z-axis, and the unit vector e_z always points in the axial direction along the z-axis.

Therefore, it is incorrect to say that the unit vector e in cylindrical coordinates always points in the same direction for r, theta, and z. Instead, each unit vector has a unique direction in relation to the cylindrical coordinate system.

It is important to understand the direction and orientation of these unit vectors when working with cylindrical coordinates, as they are used to describe the direction of vectors and the orientation of surfaces in cylindrical coordinates.

Therfore it is false that the unit vector e in cylindrical coordinates always points int ohs are direction for r, theta, and z.

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12. 36 Suppose the 600 W of radiation emitted in a microwave oven is absorbed by 250 g of water in a very light weight by 250 G of water in a very light weight cup. Approximately how long will it take to heat the water from 20 C to 80C?
A. 50 S
B. 100 S
C. 150 S
D 200 S

Answers

The time required to heat the 250 grams of water from 20°C to 80°C is 100 seconds. Thus, option B is correct.

From the given,

Mass of the water = 250 g = 0.25 kg

power of radiation = 600 W

initial temperature = 20°C

final temperature = 80°C

time taken to heat water =?

The heat required for the water = m×cΔT, where m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

H =  m×cΔT

 = 0.25×4190×(80-20)

= 0.25×4190×60

= 62850 J

Power is delivered at 600W. Power = heat/time.

time = heat/power

      = 62850/600

     = 109s

Thus, the time taken to heat the water is 100s. Hence, the ideal solution is option B.

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Suppose you have a current loop that is stationary and already has its normal vector aligned with the magnetic field. What must be done so that the current loop can be used in as an electric motor?

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It's important to note that the force acting on the current loop is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of the electric current flowing through the loop, in accordance with the right-hand rule.

In order for the electric current  loop to be used as an electric motor, a force must be applied to it. This force can be generated by changing the magnetic field that the current loop is located in. By varying the strength and direction of the magnetic field, the normal vector of the current loop will also change, causing the loop to rotate. This rotation can then be used to perform work and turn the current loop into an electric motor.

According to the question, the wire loop shrinks to half its original diameter, which means fewer electric field lines will pass through the loop. This change in magnetic flux causes current to flow in the wire loop, and according to Lenz's law, this current will flow in the opposite direction of that which produced it, which is the change in magnetic flux, so the current will flow anticlockwise.  

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For flow through a porous material, the pressure drop is usually proportional to the square of the flow rate.

T/F

Answers

True, for flow through a porous material, the pressure drop is usually proportional to the square of the flow rate.

In this scenario, the porous material has numerous tiny openings through which a fluid (gas or liquid) flows. The pressure plays a vital role in the flow rate, which is the volume of fluid passing through a given point in a specific amount of time. As the fluid flows through the porous material, it encounters resistance due to the material's structure, leading to a pressure drop.

This pressure drop is typically described using Darcy's Law, which states that the pressure drop is proportional to the flow rate's square. Mathematically, this can be represented as:

ΔP ∝ Q^2

Where ΔP represents the pressure drop, and Q represents the flow rate. The relationship between the pressure drop and the flow rate demonstrates that as the flow rate increases, the pressure drop will increase by the square of the flow rate.

This relationship helps in understanding and predicting the behavior of fluids passing through porous materials, which is essential in various applications such as groundwater flow, filtration processes, and oil recovery.

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g Scientists have found evidence that Mars may once have had an ocean 0.540 km deep. The acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.71 m/s2. What would be the gauge pressure at the bottom of such an ocean, assuming it was freshwater

Answers

The gauge pressure at the bottom would be approximately 2,002,740 Pa.

What is the gauge pressure at the bottom of a freshwater ocean on Mars?

If Mars once had an ocean 0.540 km deep, the pressure at the bottom of the ocean would be significant due to the weight of the water above it. The gauge pressure is the pressure above atmospheric pressure, so the total pressure at the bottom of the ocean on Mars would be the sum of atmospheric pressure and the pressure due to the weight of the water.

The gauge pressure can be calculated using the formula P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of freshwater, g is the acceleration due to gravity on Mars, and h is the depth of the ocean. Plugging in the given values, we get P = (1000 kg/m3)(3.71 m/s2)(0.540 km) = 2.05 x 10^5 Pa.

This means that the pressure at the bottom of the ocean on Mars would be over 200 times greater than atmospheric pressure at sea level on Earth, which is approximately 101,325 Pa. It is important to note that the assumption of freshwater is used in this calculation, as the density of seawater is slightly higher, which would result in a slightly higher gauge pressure.

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The apparent magnitude of a star measures how bright
the star appears as seen from Earth. The brighter the star, the lesser the number.
Which star is the brightest?
Star
Apparent Magnitude
Alpha Centauri Antares
0.96
-0.27
Canopus Deneb
-0.72
1.25
Sirius
-1.46

Answers

Antares is the brightest star in the given list, with an apparent magnitude of -0.27. The smaller the apparent magnitude, the brighter the star appears from Earth.

What is apparent magnitude?

Apparent magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a celestial object like a star, planet, or galaxy as seen from Earth. It is a logarithmic scale, where the smaller the number, the brighter the object appears.

The apparent magnitude of an object is affected by both its luminosity also known as its intrinsic brightness which is its absolute magnitude and its distance from Earth.

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1.29 An objects average density P is defined as the ratio of its mass to its volume. P = M/V. The earth's mass is 5.94 X 10^24 ks and its volume is 1.08 X 10^12 km^3. What is the earth's average density?
A 5.50 X 10^3 Kg/M^3
B 5.50 X 10^6 Kg/M^3
C 5.50 X 10^9 Kg/M^3
d 5.50 X 10^12 Kg/M^3

Answers

The Earth's average density is 5.50 x [tex]10^3[/tex] kg/[tex]m^3,[/tex] which is option A.

We can use the formula for average density, P = M/V, to find the Earth's average density, where M is the mass of the Earth and V is its volume.

We are given that the mass of the Earth is 5.94 x[tex]10^24[/tex] kg and its volume is 1.08 x [tex]10^{12} km^3[/tex]. However, we need to ensure that the units are consistent before we calculate the average density.

First, we convert the volume from km^3 to m^3 since the mass is given in kilograms:

V = 1.08 x[tex]10^{12} km^3[/tex] x ([tex]10^3[/tex] m/km)[tex]^3[/tex] = 1.08 x [tex]10^{21} m^3[/tex]

Now we can calculate the average density:

P = M/V = 5.94 x [tex]10^{24}[/tex] kg / 1.08 x[tex]10^{21} m^3[/tex] = 5.50 x [tex]10^3 kg/m^3[/tex]

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. If it is observed that the level of water in one of the tubes (while inclined) is deflected by 100 mm along the board, what is the vertical deflection?

Answers

If the level of water in one of the tubes (while inclined) is deflected by 100 mm along the board at a 30-degree angle, the vertical deflection is approximately 57.74 mm.

To determine the vertical deflection, we need to use trigonometry. Let's first assume that the board is at an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal. We can then use the tangent function to find the vertical deflection. Tangent is defined as the opposite side over the adjacent side, so:

tan(30) = opposite/100

Solving for the opposite side (which represents the vertical deflection), we get:

opposite = tan(30) x 100
opposite = 57.74 mm

It is important to note that this calculation assumes that the board is at a 30-degree angle, so the answer may vary if the angle is different.

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What will happen to the potential difference across the resistor as the current flowing through it increases from zero?

Answers

As the current flowing through a resistor increases from zero, the potential difference across the resistor will also increase.

This is due to Ohm's law, which states that the potential difference across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. The resistance of the resistor remains constant,

so as the current increases, the potential difference will also increase. It is important to note that the relationship between current and potential difference in a resistor is linear, meaning that the potential difference will increase at a steady rate as the current increases.

However, if the current becomes too high, the resistor may overheat and potentially fail. Therefore, it is important to use resistors with appropriate power ratings and to always adhere to safety guidelines when working with electrical circuits.

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.The process of making a solution by mixing a solute with a chemically compatible solvent is called?

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The process of making a solution by mixing a solute with a chemically compatible solvent is called "dissolution" or "solubilization."

Dissolution refers to the process of combining a solute, which is the substance being dissolved, with a solvent, which is the substance doing the dissolving, to create a homogeneous mixture called a solution. The solute particles become dispersed and evenly distributed throughout the solvent, resulting in a uniform mixture.

During dissolution, the solute particles interact with the solvent molecules, which surround and separate the solute particles. The solvent molecules have an affinity for the solute particles, allowing them to break the intermolecular forces within the solute and facilitate their dispersal.

It is important to use a chemically compatible solvent, meaning a solvent that can effectively dissolve the specific solute without causing chemical reactions or undesirable side effects. The compatibility between the solute and solvent is determined by their chemical properties, such as polarity, solubility, and interaction forces.

The process of dissolution is a fundamental concept in chemistry and is used in various applications, including preparing solutions for experiments, manufacturing pharmaceuticals, creating mixtures in the food industry, and many other chemical processes.

Therefore, the process of making a solution by mixing a solute with a chemically compatible solvent is called dissolution or solubilization.

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A father is trying to spin his children off a Merry-go Round, if the father can exert an angular acceleration of 4.0 rad/s2 from rest and, does this over 0.8 revolutions. What is the final angular velocity?

Answers

The final angular velocity of the Merry-go-Round is 3.2 rad/s.


1. First, we need to convert 0.8 revolutions to radians. To do this, we can use the formula: radians = revolutions × 2π.
  0.8 revolutions × 2π = 1.6π radians.

2. Next, we will use the equation for angular acceleration to find the final angular velocity (ω): ω² = ω₀² + 2αΔθ, where ω₀ is the initial angular velocity (which is 0 since it starts from rest), α is the angular acceleration, and Δθ is the angular displacement.
  Plugging in the values: ω² = 0² + 2(4.0 rad/s²)(1.6π radians).

3. Solve for ω: ω² = 2(4.0 rad/s²)(1.6π radians) = 2(4.0)(3.2π) = 25.6π.
  Taking the square root: ω = √(25.6π) ≈ 3.2 rad/s.

The final angular velocity of the Merry-go-Round after 0.8 revolutions with an angular acceleration of 4.0 rad/s² is approximately 3.2 rad/s.

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17. What is the approximate speed of sound in air at a temperature of 27 C?
a. 315 m/s
b. 304 m/s
c. 348 m/s
d. 358 m/s

Answers

The approximate speed of sound in air at a temperature of 27 C is 348 m/s. Hence option C is correct.

Sound waves are a form of energy transmission method that uses adiabatic loading and unloading to move across a material. Acoustic pressure, particle velocity, particle displacement, and acoustic intensity are all important parameters for defining acoustic waves. Acoustic waves have a particular acoustic velocity that relies on the medium through which they move. Acoustic waves include audible sound from a speaker (waves travelling through air at the speed of sound) and seismic waves.

Hence option C is correct.

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in a low-pressure chiller, air and other non condensables collect at the

Answers

In a low-pressure chiller, air and other non-condensable gases can collect in the upper portion of the chiller, typically in the condenser.

Non-condensable gases are gases that are not able to be condensed into a liquid state under normal operating conditions. These non-condensable gases can have a negative impact on the performance of the chiller. They can reduce the cooling capacity of the chiller, increase energy consumption, and cause corrosion in the system.

Therefore, it is important to regularly remove non-condensable gases from the chiller to maintain optimal performance and prevent damage to the system. This is typically done through a process called purging, which involves removing the non-condensable gases from the chiller and replacing them with the proper refrigerant.

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Recalling the interactions between like and unlike charged objects that you observed with the tape in the previous activity, do these new observations add support to hypothesis 1? explain.

Answers

New observations support Hypothesis 1, as interactions between like and unlike charges follow expected attractive and repulsive behaviors.

Based on the observed interactions between like and unlike charged objects, it appears that the new observations do indeed add support to Hypothesis 1.

When like charges (similarly charged objects) come into proximity with one another, they exhibit repulsive behavior, causing them to move away from each other.

Conversely, when unlike charges (oppositely charged objects) come into contact, they display attractive behavior and move towards one another.

These observed phenomena align with our understanding of the behavior of charged objects and reinforce the validity of Hypothesis 1.

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If the average intensity of the sunlight in Maricopa County is 1100 W/m2, what is the average magnitude of the force this light exerts on a 0.2 m2 surface of a perfect mirror that perfectly reflects the light

Answers

This means that the average magnitude of the force that sunlight exerts on a 0.2 m2 surface of a perfect mirror is 3.67 x 10^-6 N.

To find the average magnitude of the force that sunlight exerts on a 0.2 m2 surface of a perfect mirror, we need to use the formula for radiation pressure.

Radiation pressure is the force exerted by the electromagnetic radiation of a light wave on a surface. The formula for radiation pressure is P = I/c, where P is the pressure, I is the intensity of the radiation, and c is the speed of light.

In this case, the average intensity of the sunlight in Maricopa County is given as 1100 W/m2. We can use this value to calculate the pressure exerted by the sunlight on a 0.2 m2 surface of a perfect mirror.

First, we need to convert the intensity of the sunlight from W/m2 to N/m2, which is the unit of pressure. We know that 1 W/m2 = 1 N/m2, so the intensity of the sunlight is also 1100 N/m2.

Next, we need to divide the intensity by the speed of light, which is approximately 3 x 10^8 m/s.

P = I/c = 1100 N/m2 ÷ 3 x 10^8 m/s = 3.67 x 10^-6 N/m2
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Calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of copper (385 J/kg °C) from 2.0 °C to 35°C

Answers

The energy needed to raise the temperature of copper is 12.7 x 10³J.

Mass of the copper, m = 1 kg

Specific heat capacity of copper, C = 385 J/kg°C

Initial temperature, T₁ = 2°C

Final temperature, T₂ = 35°C

Temperature difference of the copper,

ΔT = T₂ - T₁

ΔT = 35 - 2

ΔT = 33°C

The energy needed to raise the temperature of copper,

Q = mCΔT

Q = 1 x 385 x 33

Q = 12.7 x 10³J

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What is the radius of a particle traveling in a circle due to a magnetic field equal to?

Answers

The radius of a particle traveling in a circle due to a magnetic field is equal to the velocity of the particle divided by the product of the magnetic field strength and the charge of the particle.

This is known as the magnetic force equation and is commonly used in physics to determine the motion of charged particles in magnetic fields.


 The radius of a particle traveling in a circle due to a magnetic field is determined by the formula:
r = (mv) / (qB)

where 'r' is the radius, 'm' is the mass of the particle, 'v' is its velocity, 'q' is the charge of the particle, and 'B' is the magnetic field strength.

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If one-third of the members of a symphony orchestra are absent because of head colds, thus reducing the overall intensity of sound by 33%, what will be the reduction in the decibel level?

Answers

The reduction in the decibel level will be approximately 6.8 dB.

The intensity of sound is proportional to the square of the sound pressure level, which is measured in decibels (dB). The relationship between the intensity of sound and the sound pressure level is given by the following formula:

[tex]\dfrac{I_2} { I_1} = (\dfrac{P_2} { P_1})^2[/tex]

where I₁ and I₂ are the initial and final sound intensities, and P₁ and P₂ are the initial and final sound pressure levels, respectively.

If one-third of the members of a symphony orchestra is absent due to head colds, the intensity of the sound will be reduced by a factor of (2/3)² = 4/9, or approximately 44.4%.

To calculate the reduction in the decibel level, we can use the following formula:

[tex]\Delta L = 10 log10(\dfrac{I_2} { I_1})[/tex]

where ΔL is the change in sound pressure level in decibels.

Substituting the values, we get:

[tex]\Delta L = 10 log10(\dfrac{4}{9}) = -6.8 dB[/tex]

Therefore, the reduction in the decibel level will be approximately 6.8 dB.

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Why does wax in the ear affect hearing?

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Wax in the ear can affect hearing because it can block the ear canal, which in turn affects the transmission of sound waves to the eardrum. The wax can create a barrier that prevents sound from passing through the ear canal and reaching the inner ear. This can cause a reduction in hearing or a muffled sound.

Additionally, if the wax buildup is significant, it can create pressure on the eardrum, which can also impact hearing. When the eardrum is under pressure, it cannot move as easily in response to sound waves, making it harder to hear.
It is important to note that some wax in the ear is normal and can actually help protect the ear canal from infection. However, excessive buildup can lead to hearing issues, discomfort, and even infection if not properly addressed. If you are experiencing hearing loss or discomfort due to wax buildup, it is important to seek medical attention from a healthcare professional or an audiologist who can safely remove the wax and restore your hearing.

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Explain how a charged particle moving in a circle of small radius can take the same amount of time to complete an orbit as an identical particle orbiting in a circle of larger radius

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The time taken by a charged particle to complete an orbit in a circular motion is dependent on the radius of the circle and the speed of the particle. In a magnetic field, a charged particle moving in a circle of a small radius experiences a stronger magnetic force compared to an identical particle orbiting in a circle of a larger radius.

However, the charged particles move at a higher speed when they orbit in a smaller radius. The combination of the increased speed and stronger magnetic force results in the same amount of time taken to complete an orbit for both particles.

To understand this, let's consider the equation for the magnetic force, F= Bqv, where B is the magnetic field strength, q is the charge of the particle, and v is its velocity. In a smaller radius, the magnetic field strength is higher, and the charged particle moves at a faster speed to balance the force. In a larger radius, the magnetic field strength is weaker, and the charged particle moves at a slower speed to balance the force.

Thus, the identical particles orbiting in different radii experience different magnetic forces, but they maintain the same angular velocity, which is proportional to the time taken to complete an orbit. As a result, a charged particle moving in a circle of a small radius can take the same amount of time to complete an orbit as an identical particle orbiting in a circle of a larger radius.

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what is Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) "Junction Rule"

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Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), also known as the Junction Rule, states that the sum of currents entering a junction in an electrical circuit must equal the sum of currents leaving the junction.

In other words, the total current flowing into a junction must be equal to the total current flowing out of the junction. This law is important in analyzing complex circuits and ensuring that current is conserved at every point in the circuit. Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), also known as the Junction Rule, states that the sum of currents entering a junction in an electrical circuit must equal the sum of currents leaving the junction.

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A baseball player hits a ball that soars high into the air. After the ball has left the bat, and while it is traveling upward, what is the direction of acceleration? Ignore air resistance...

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The direction of acceleration of the baseball while it is traveling upward is downward.

This is because the force of gravity, which pulls the ball downward, is the only force acting on the ball once it leaves the bat. According to Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. The net force acting on the ball is its weight due to gravity, which is equal to the mass of the ball times the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²) and acts in a downward direction. Since the weight is the only force acting on the ball while it is traveling upward, its acceleration is in the same direction as the force, which is downward.

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