When sales are less than production during the year.
What is Variable costing?In management and cost accounting, the notion of variable costing refers to the exclusion of fixed manufacturing overhead from the product cost of production. The approach stands in contrast to absorption costing, which allocates the fixed production costs to the output of products. Variable costing is not allowed to be utilized in financial reporting under accounting standards like IFRS and GAAP.
Financial Reporting with Variable Costs
Although the use of variable costing in financial reporting is prohibited by accounting standards like GAAP and IFRS, managers frequently utilize this costing strategy to:
Perform a break-even analysis to ascertain the number of units that must be sold in order to start making a profit.Find the product's contribution margin to better comprehend the connection between cost, volume, and profit.Eliminate fixed manufacturing overhead expenses, which can be problematic because of how fixed costs are distributed across each product, to make decision-making easier. What is Absorption Costing?A managerial accounting technique known as "absorption costing," sometimes known as "full costing," is used to record all expenses related to producing a certain product. This strategy accounts for both direct and indirect expenses, including direct supplies, direct labor, rent, and insurance.
According to generally accepted accounting standards (GAAP), absorption costs are necessary for external reporting.
Therefore, When net income is the same under variable and absorption costing, sales are less than production during the year.
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Assume that the custodian of a $600 petty cash fund has $112.50 in coins and currency plus $472.50 in receipts at the end of the month. the entry to replenish the petty cash fund will include:
The entry to replenish the petty cash fund will be to record the petty cash of $472.50 replenished with the shortage of $15.
What is petty cash?Petty cash is a small amount of cash kept in the company for minor cash needs. This amount kept as petty cash is taken for small expenses made by the company.
Petty cash fund in the beginning balance= $600
coins and currency in the ending balance= $112.50
receipts at the end of the month= $472.50
Cash needed to replenish the petty cash= Petty cash fund in the beginning balance - coins and currency in the ending balance
= $600 - $112.50
= $487.50
The entry to replenish the petty cash fund will be $487.50
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Proponents of "no taxation without representation" claimed that although trade regulation was a legal means for parliament to raise revenue, direct internal taxes such as the stamp act were an illegitimate extension of parliamentary power. True or false?.
Proponents of "no taxation without representation" claimed that although trade regulation was a legal means for parliament to raise revenue, direct internal taxes such as the stamp act were an illegitimate extension of parliamentary power. The given statement is false.
What did no taxation without representation mean?
A population that is compelled to pay taxes to a government authority without having any input on that government's policy is referred to as having taxation without representation. "Taxation without representation is tyranny," was the catchphrase used by American colonists to rebel against their British overlords.
Who first said no taxation without representation?
"Taxation without representation is tyranny," the phrase that became an anti-British catchphrase before the American Revolution, is generally attributed to James Otis around 1761 and reflects the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they did not elect representatives.
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__________ refers to phishing with a specific, high-value target in mind. for example, the attacker may target the president or ceo of a company
Spear phishing refers to phishing with a specific, high-value target in mind. for example, the attacker may target the president or CEO of a company.
Spear phishing is frequently used in targeted attack campaigns to access a person's account, such as a high-ranking official or someone engaged in sensitive business operations. Scammers may obtain access to critical company information, banking or credit card information, and wire transfers once they have persuaded their victim that they are reliable.
For instance, a CEO fraud assault using spear-phishing techniques will target specific employees who are more likely to hear from the CEO. They frequently employ a sense of urgency to get a worker to comply immediately without first validating the requests made. To appear authoritative, they can imitate the CEO's speaking habits, make reference to well-known organizational events, or use hijacked email accounts.
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The payment to lawyers become relevant in the context of capital structure decisions in the event of:_____.
The payment to lawyers becomes relevant in the context of capital structure decisions in the event of financial distress.
Financial distress is a term commonly used in business finance to describe a situation in which the financial condition of an individual or business makes it difficult to pay bills, especially loans to creditors. Severe and prolonged financial difficulties can eventually lead to bankruptcy.
In the event of an economic emergency, immediate action should be taken to prevent the situation from becoming worse. Financial problems often lead to other financial problems if they cannot be resolved quickly.
For example, the creditworthiness of individuals or businesses in financial difficulty may be compromised. This forces lenders to charge higher interest rates and makes it harder for them to borrow additional money to cope with periods of reduced income or sales.
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How many days does a server have to get trained after starting their employment?.
The number if days a server have to get trained after starting their employment is 60 days.
Deadline for Requisite Alcohol Server Training:According to AB 1221, an alcohol server is any employee of an establishment with an ABC on-premises licence who is in charge of verifying identifications, receiving client orders, and serving or transporting alcoholic beverages.
Some key points of alcohol server training are-
The Department of Alcoholic Drink Control's (DABC) Responsible Beverages Service (RBS) certification is required for alcohol servers & their managers (ABC). To become certified, servers and their supervisors must pass an RBS exam offered online by ABC by August 31. If they have just been hired, they have 60 days from of the start of their work to pass the test and become certified.ABC created the RBS programme by hosting meetings with stakeholders around the state to get their views on the best way to comply with the new certification mandate. The RBS training webpage was developed by ABC based on feedback.The site gives users access to a certification program and training service for alcoholic beverages in order to meet AB 1221's criteria.To know more about seller-servers, here
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Who gains from inflation?
a. those with the most skill.
b. no one benefits from inflation.
c. borrowers lenders
Borrowers and lenders gains from inflation. The rate at which prices for goods and services rise is referred to as inflation. Inflation occurs when the price of goods and services rises broadly, causing the purchasing power of money to fall. Depending on the circumstances, inflation can benefit both borrowers and lenders.
Prices can be directly affected by the money supply; prices may rise as the money supply rises, assuming no change in economic output. Because they may repay lenders with money that is worth less than it did when they took out the loan, borrowers profit from inflation. Inflation-related price increases increase credit demand, which raises interest rates in lenders' favor.
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True or false: projects should always be discounted at the firm's overall cost of capital
It is false that projects should always be discounted at the firm's overall cost of capital .
A firm's overall cost of capital is simply the sum of the firm's cost of equity, cost of debt, and cost of preferred stock.
A company's investment decisions for new projects should always generate a return that exceeds the firm's cost of the capital used to finance the project. Otherwise, the project will not generate a return for investors.
A company investing on a project must know how much money the project will have to generate in order to offset the cost of capital undertaking it and then continue to generate profits for the company.The discount rate makes it possible to estimate how much the project's future cash flows would be worth in the present.
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Some economies rely on a(n) ______system--one in which people have to trade one item for another.
Answer is barter economy.
A cashless economy in which services and products are exchanged at specified rates is known as a barter economy. Barter economies are among the oldest, predating both on the monetary systems and the recorded history. Barter could be used successfully in practically almost every field.
Barter is a kind of commerce in which products and services are exchanged directly for one another without the use of money as a middleman. A farmer, for instance, would trade the bushel of wheat for a the pair of shoes from the shoemaker. Back about 6000 BC, Mesopotamian tribes were most likely the origins of the bartering system.
Therefore, the answer is barter economy.
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Significant noncash investing and financing activities are disclosed because they?
Revealing your company's non-cash workouts is essential when striving to form a comprehensive overview of your current activity.
Non-cash investingNon-cash activity is disclosed as part of an extension or footnote to the standard cash flow statement. Noncash investing and financing transactions are disclosed as supplementary information to a report of cash flows because a secondary purpose of cash flow reporting is to present facts about investing and financing actions. Non-cash investing and financing transactions, generally, impact future cash flows.
Examples include
Direct issuance of common stock to purchase assets. Conversion of bonds into common stock. Issuance of debt to purchase assets.To learn more about Non-cash investing visit the link
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Gary Marks is paid on a monthly basis. For the month of January of the current year, he earned a total of $9,088. Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax for Social Security is 6.2% on the first $137,700 of earnings each calendar year and the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax for Medicare is 1.45% of all earnings. The Federal Unemployment Taxes (FUTA) tax rate is 0.6%, and the State Unemployment Taxes (SUTA) tax rate is 5.4%. Both unemployment taxes are applied to the first $7,000 of an employee's pay. The amount of Federal Income Tax withheld from his earnings was $1,507.97. What is the amount of the employer's payroll taxes expense for this employee
Payroll Taxes = FICA-SS Tax + FICA-Medicare Tax + FUTA Tax + SUTA Tax
Payroll Taxes = $575.861 + $134.682 + $42.003 + $378.004 = $1,130.541
FICA—Social security $9,288 × 0.062 = $575.862
FICA—Medicare $9,288 × 0.0145 = $134.683
FUTA $7,000 × 0.006 = $42.004
SUTA $7,000 × 0.054 = $378.00
A payroll tax is required to be deducted from employees' paychecks under the Federal Insurance Amounts Act (FICA), a 1935 U.S. statute that also requires employers to make matching contributions. The funds raised are utilized to pay for Social Security and Medicare.
The original intent of the act was for working individuals to pay a specific percentage of each paycheck they received during their working years into Social Security (and later Medicare) in order to be able to rely on earned financial and health benefits in their older years.
Self-employed people must pay taxes on their net income under the Self-Employment Contributions Act (SECA) of 1954 in order to support Social Security and Medicare.
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Why do you think sra has chosen to focus its efforts on federal government departments and agencies within the national security market?
SRA focuses its efforts on federal government departments and agencies within national security market because it is important and mandatory for these.
What does the SRA stand for?
State Regulatory Authority (various locations) SRA. Senior Research Associate. SRA. Supplemental Retirement Annuity.
What are SRA experiments?
Each SRA EXPERIMENT (SRA accession SRX# ) is a unique sequencing result for a specific sample.
Six sequencing libraries were prepared from a single biological sample.
Three were single-end libraries, and three paired-end, although the paired-end libraries were sequenced using both paired and unidirectional sequencing.
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Competition in long-term care comes from other ltc organizations and from other types of organizations.
a. true
b. false
Competition in long-term care comes from other LTC organizations and from other types of organizations.
The statement is true.
Competition in long-time period care comes each from different LTC organizations and from different forms of groups. The distinction between cooperation and integration is basically a remembering of diploma and shape. Horizontal integration entails an alliance of or more groups imparting comparable offerings.
Lengthy-time period care includes a diffusion of services designed to meet a person's health or private care needs at some point of a brief or long period of time.
Those offerings help human beings stay as independently and accurately as viable while they are able to no longer perform regular activities on their very own.
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A monopolist, unlike a competitive firm, has some market power. It can raise its price, within limits, without the quantity demanded falling to zero. The main way it retains its market power is through barriers to entry—that is, other companies cannot enter the market to create competition in that particular industry. True or false?.
True,A monopolist, unlike a competitive firm, has some market power. It can raise its price, within limits, without the quantity demanded falling to zero. The main way it retains its market power is through barriers to entry—that is, other companies cannot enter the market to create competition in that particular industry.
What is a monopolist?A monopoly, as defined by Irving Fisher, is a market with "no competition," resulting in a situation in which a specific individual or organization is the exclusive supply of a specific thing.
To protect consumers' interests, the government may desire to regulate monopolies. Monopolies, for example, have the market power to establish prices that are greater than in competitive marketplaces. Price capping - limiting price rises - is one way the government can regulate monopolies.
The loss in Static Efficiency is the cost of a monopoly. In comparison to a competitive market, a monopoly generates a Deadweight Loss, which is the value of trades that are not executed. As shown below, the reduction in consumer excess exceeds the gain in producer surplus.
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Small changes in consumer demand can result in large variations in orders placed because of the:_______
Small changes in consumer demand can result in large variations in orders placed because of the Bullwhip Effect. Thus the correct answer is D.
What is a consumer?The consumer is referred as an end user of any product or service. He is the person who utilizes or takes the benefit of the products purchased. The person who buys a product is called a customer.
Demand estimations result in ineffective supply chains due to the bullwhip effect which is a characteristic of distribution channels. As one moves higher up the supply chain, it informs of increasing inventory variations in reaction to variations in consumer demand.
Therefore, option D Bullwhip effect is appropriate.
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The complete question is attached below-
Small changes in consumer demand can result in large variations in orders placed because of the:
A) Supply chain
B) Safety stock requirement
C) Lead time effect
D) Bullwhip effect
E) FCFS scheduling
In which of the five basic supply chain activities do you support customers and product returns?
In returns of the five basic supply chain activities customers and product returns. Five characteristics or elements can be thought of as being present in supply chain management in order to assure sustainability and efficacy.
Unavoidably, customers will want to return items. This could occur for a variety of reasons, such as damage, noncompliance with quality standards, defective products, products that are past their expiration dates or are close to doing so, or products that were delivered in the wrong quantity or with the incorrect products.
The process of returning an item and receiving a refund are both critical to the customer experience.
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Increasing the amount of debt makes debt blank______ risky and equity blank______ risky.
Increasing the amount of debt makes debt blank more risky and equity blank more risky.
A debt is an obligation by one party, the debtor, to require payment of money or other agreed-upon value to another party, the creditor. An obligation is a deferred payment or series of payments, distinguished from an outright purchase. Debts may be owed by a sovereign state or country, municipality, corporation, or individual. Commercial debt is generally subject to contractual terms regarding the amount and timing of principal and interest repayments. Loans, bonds, bonds, and mortgages are all types of liabilities. In financial accounting, liabilities are a type of financial transaction rather than equity.
The principal types of personal debt are secured debt, unsecured debt, revolving debt, and mortgages. Secured debt requires some form of guarantee, while unsecured debt is based solely on personal creditworthiness.
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A ________ pays out cash flows from a collection of assets in different tranches, with the highest.
A collateralized debt obligation (CDO) pays out cash flows from a collection of assets in different tranches, with the highest.
Structured asset-backed security (CDO) is a type of collateralized debt obligation (CDO). CDOs were initially designed as corporate debt market instruments, but from 2002 they were used to refinance mortgage-backed securities. A CDO can be viewed as a promise to pay investors in a specified order based on the cash flow it receives from the pool of bonds or other assets it holds, similar to other private label securities backed by assets.
In contrast, the probability of default (PD) for CDOs is often calculated using bond or asset ratings. A pool of loans and other assets serves as the collateral for the intricately designed financial product known as a collateralized debt obligation.
If the loan defaults, the underlying assets act as collateral. CDOs are a practical tool for transferring risk and freeing up resources while being risky and not suitable for all investors.
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Omega corp. has $20 million in perpetual debt outstanding with a coupon rate of 8 percent. the tax rate is 21 percent. what is the tax shield from debt?
The present value of tax shield is 4.2 million.
Given perpetual debt is of $20 million, coupon rate is 8% and tax rate is 21%
Present value of the tax shield is to be computed.
A tax shield is a decrease in taxable income accomplished by claiming permitted deductions such as mortgage interest, medical expenditures, charitable contributions, amortization, and depreciation.
A tax shield is a deduction that taxpayers can use to reduce their taxable income. Tax shelters include charity donations, mortgage deductions, medical costs, and depreciation.
The formula to compute the tax shield is given below:
Tax shield = Debt * tax rate
=20 million *21%
=4.2 million
Therefore, the tax shield is 4.2 million.
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Ownership is held in ________ when all the rights of ownership in a particular piece of property are held by one person
Ownership is held in Severalty Ownership when all the rights of ownership in a particular piece of property are held by one person.
When a single person, business, or other entity owns the property, this is known as Severalty Ownership. The name of the phenomenon refers to the cutting off of a solitary owner from other owners' rights to ownership.
The property's owner in severalty is the only person with ownership rights, and they are also the only ones with the authority to sell, bequeath, encumber, or otherwise transfer all or any portion of those rights to another person.
Those parties are known as co-owners or concurrent owners when they hold title to a piece of real estate jointly or severally. Depending on the state, co-owners may own a property as tenants by the entirety or communal property if they are married or part of a legal civil union.
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Which section of an unsolicited proposal should restate why you and your firm are the right organization to provide a solution?
Identifying decision-making criteria section of an unsolicited proposal restates the right solution to the organization. A written proposal that is not in response to a request for proposals, a broad agency announcement, or a program research and development announcement is known as an unsolicited proposal.
It is submitted to an agency on the initiative of the offeror with the goal of obtaining a contract with the government. Business proposals fall into three categories that are clearly defined: formally requested formally requested. Unsolicited. In essence, solicited business proposals are written in response to a client's needs, whereas unsolicited proposals are utilized to reach out to potential clients.
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Any factor that leads businesses to collectively expect lower rates of return on their investments?
If there is a factor that leads to businesses collectively lowering rates of return on investments, this reduces investment demand.
What happens when investment yield falls?A fall in investment yield refers to when companies lower earnings expectations from investments.
This could be as a result of any number of factors such as political laws changing, the economy facing a downturn, or technological factors that lead to lower production.
The result of this would be that companies in general would try to avoid more investments as these would require more money from them, while bringing in less money in return.
As we know, the goal of a company is to make more returns for its owners so if investments are collectively expected to bring in lower rates of returns, businesses would simply demand less of those investments.
In conclusion, collectively lower rates on investments leads to lower investment demand.
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An ecosystem generally requires solar energy, nutrients, decomposers, consumers and?
An ecosystem generally requires solar energy, nutrients, decomposers, consumers and producers.
An ecosystem is a community or group of living organisms that live in together and interact with each other in a specific environment. Ecosystems are considered as the foundation of Biosphere which maintains the natural balance of the earth.
An ecosystem requires nutrients, decomposers, consumers and producers. For instance, let's take the relationship between deer and lion in the ecosystem. So, for its survival, the lion eats the deer. Thus, each relationship like this has an effect on other creatures and plants living in the same environment.
Hence, the structure of an ecosystem is related to its species diversity.
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What are some ways to address unemployment in a market economy? select three answers.
Policies to reduce supply-side unemployment
Education and training.Reduce the power of trades unions.Employment subsidies. Improve labor market flexibility.The very first answer for the unemployment is to manipulate the rising populace of our Country government needs to motivate humans to have small families. The Country's government has begun initiatives to control the populace but nevertheless, the population is growing.
Education, profession guidance, and ability-based schooling can together remedy the unemployment disaster in India. If you or everybody you realize is willing to get hired with a very good revenue then expect us.
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Which item does not appear on a statement of cash flows prepared by the indirect method?.
collections from customers does not appear on a statement of cash flows prepared by the indirect method.
What are collections from customers?A business uses the term collections to refer to money owing to that business by a consumer. When a consumer fails to pay the company within the periods stated, the bill becomes past due and is sometimes turned over to a collection agency.
the act or activity of gathering; data collection; tax collection anything specially gathered: a collection of artifacts amassed for the purpose of study, comparison, or exhibition, or as a hobby a collection of poems a group of photographs a collection of baseball cards
A collection is defined as a gathering of goods or people grouped together. A collection could be anything like someone collecting 500 baseball cards.
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What is the source of the u.s. fiscal imbalance and what are the painful choices that we face? the source of the fiscal imbalance is ______.
Social Security pensions and Medicare benefits are the sources of the U.S. fiscal imbalance and are the painful choices that we face.
What is the source of the fiscal imbalance?
The sources of the fiscal imbalance are:
The budget imbalance is brought on by income taxes and Social Security levies, among other things.Social Security benefits and federal government discretionary spending both helped to reduce the fiscal imbalance.What do you mean by fiscal imbalance?
When future debt commitments and income sources for a government are out of balance, there is a fiscal imbalance. The two types of fiscal imbalance that might affect a government's spending and revenue are vertical and horizontal.
How do you reduce fiscal imbalance?
The federal government should stop providing health and social payments to the provinces, simultaneously lower federal taxes, and let the provinces make up the lost money by increasing their taxes to put an end to the seemingly never-ending "fiscal imbalance" discussion.
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What is the primary difference when calculating the cost per unit between the variable costing and absorption costing?
The primary difference is that the absorption cost method includes fixed overhead as part of the cost of goods sold, while the variable cost method includes it as an administrative cost.
Difference between the absorption cost method and the variable cost method:Absorption costing, often known as "full costing," is a managerial accounting method for collecting all costs related to the production of a specific product. This strategy accounts for direct and indirect expenditures such as direct materials, direct labor, rent, and insurance.Variable costing is a concept used in managerial and cost accounting that excludes fixed manufacturing overhead from the product cost of production. In contrast, absorption costing allocates the fixed manufacturing overhead to the items produced.The major distinction is that the absorption cost technique includes fixed overhead as part of the cost of products sold, whereas the variable cost method includes it as an administrative cost.Therefore, the primary difference is that the absorption cost method includes fixed overhead as part of the cost of goods sold, while the variable cost method includes it as an administrative cost.
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Using the accounting equation, stockholders' claims on the resources of the corporation can be expressed as?
Stockholders' declarations on the resources of the corporation can be expressed as assets and liabilities.
Assets and liabilitiesIn its easiest form, your balance sheet can be divided into two form-assets and liabilities. Assets are the things your company owns that can deliver future economic benefits. Liabilities are what you owe other groups. In brief, assets put money in your pocket, and liabilities carry money out.
In further words, assets are objects that benefit a company economically, such as inventory, buildings, and cash. They aid a business manufacture goods and providing services, now and in the future. Liabilities are a company's responsibilities—either money owed or services not yet performed.
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N the is-lm model when m/p rises, in short-run equilibrium, in the usual case the interest rate ________ and output ________
a. rises; falls
b. falls; rises
c. falls; falls
d. rises; rises
N the is-lm model when m/p rises, in short-run equilibrium, in the usual case the interest rate falls, and output falls.
Equilibrium is described as a country of balance or a solid scenario in which opposing forces cancel each different out and wherein no changes are taking place. An example of equilibrium is in economics when supply and call are identical. An instance of equilibrium is whilst you are calm and constant.
The equilibrium states of structural and mechanical systems are characterized by way of the stationary factors of the whole potential electricity of the gadget. that is called the precept of desk-bound capacity power.
In a chemical response, chemical equilibrium is the nation in which each of the reactants and products is found in concentrations that have no similar tendency to trade with time so that there is no observable trade in the properties of the machine.
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At which stage would you conduct a SWOT analyses to understand the market and the strength of your product?
A. screening and evaluation stage
B. ideation stage
C. new product development stage
D. commercialization stage
At the B. ideation stage, we should conduct a SWOT analysis to understand the market and the strength of your product.
Ideation is a creative process where designers generate ideas in periods (e.g., brainstorming, worst feasible concept). It's far the third degree within the design thinking manner. Participants gather with open minds to supply as many ideas as they could to deal with a hassle declaration in facilitated, judgment-free surroundings.
In the Ideation stage, the intention is to generate a big number of ideas — thoughts that doubtlessly encourage more recent, better thoughts — which the team can then clear out and slender down into the excellent, maximum practical, or most progressive ones.
The quick form of the design wondering manner may be articulated in five steps or levels: empathize, outline, ideate, prototype, and check. Let's in short explore each of these stages on the subject of a practical layout process.
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If implemented, the southern alliance's proposed "subtreasury system" would have eased the farm debt crisis by?
The sub-treasury plan, the federal government would hold crops in public warehouses and issue loans on their value until they could be profitably sold.
Why did Farmers face an increasing debt load in the late 1800s?
They were caught between increased costs and falling prices.
Why did the Grange movement focus on reducing prices that railroads and grain elevators charged?Farmers relied on railroads and grain elevators but were forced to pay higher than usual rates.
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