The building blocks are fatty acids , amino acids , sugars and nucleotides.
These include lipids (or fats), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. All of the main kinds of macromolecules share the property of being huge polymers constructed from small repeating monomer subunits.
The majority of macromolecules are constructed from single monomers, often known as building blocks. Covalent bonds allow the monomers to join to create polymers, which are bigger molecules. Monomers produce water molecules as a consequence of this process.
The majority of biological macromolecules are polymers made by connecting monomers, or single molecules, in a lengthy chain. They are created by the polymerization process. In this procedure, two monomers are joined together via dehydration synthesis, or the elimination of a water molecule.
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suppose that in one cell in your skin, chromosome 14 and chromosome 18 exchange genetic materials. this change is inherited by subsequent cells. this is an example of a mutation that is also a(n)
This is an example of a somatic mutation that is also translocation.
A DNA change that happens after fertilization. Somatic mutations can develop in every cell of the body except reproductive cells (sperm and egg) and are thus not passed on to children. Somatic mutation, a genetic change established by a cells that can also be passed on to the mutant cell's descendants during cell division.
Environmental variables, like as exposure to UV light or certain chemicals, are commonly responsible for somatic mutations. Somatic mutations can occur in whatsoever cell division, from the initial cleavage of a fertilized egg through cell divisions which replace cells in an elderly person.
All cells generated from the mutant cell are affected by the mutation. A substantial component of a creature, such as a tree branch or an animal's whole tissue layer, may possess the mutation; it could or could not be visible. Somatic mutations can cause a variety of disorders, including cancer.
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This is the last question for this assignment, please help.
Answer: Nitrogen fixation is on the left going into the ground and denitrification is the release on the right side.
Explanation:
dcpip (2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol), a blue dye, can act as an electron acceptor and becomes colorless when reduced. a suspension of chloroplasts is prepared, and dcpip is added to the suspension. the sample is split into two test tubes. one test tube is exposed to light and the other is wrapped in foil (dark control). what would you observe over time comparing the light exposed and the dark control test tubes?
The light exposed test tubes will become colorless while dark test tubes will remain blue.
During the light reaction, the photolysis of water occurs. The breakdown releases hydrogen ion and electrons which are further used for reduction of NADP. The reduced NADPH contributes to the ATP generation.
Now, DCPIP also accepts the electron. So, during the light reaction in test tube exposed to light, the photolysis of water will occur followed by reduction of DCPIP. Thus, it will become colourless. Dark test tube wil not have the same reaction and hence DCPIP will remain blue in colour.
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uv light, like that given off in tanning beds and from welders, causes damage to dna. this is why activities like using tanning beds and welding without protective gear are known to cause aggressive forms of deadly skin cancer. what kind of repair mechanism does your body use to try and fix the errors imposed by activities like tanning and unprotected welding?
Indirect DNA damage is caused by UVA (and UVB) radiation when photons are absorbed by chromophores that are not DNA. As a result, reactive oxygen species are produced, including singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which damage DNA bases and result in mutations.
DNA damages caused by UV radiation fall into two categories: 6-4 photoproducts and cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers . Both of these lesions cause bends or kinks in the DNA's structure, which prevents transcription and replication.DNA is frequently damaged by UV-A radiation in an oxygen-dependent process called photosensitization. As a result, a free radical is created, which interacts with DNA bases and causes them to oxidize. When these oxidized bases couple incorrectly during replication, mutations occur.To know about UVA (and UVB) radiation
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after nervous stimulation stops, what prevents ach in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction? question 28 options: acetylcholinesterase destroying the ach the action potential stops going down the overloaded t tubules calcium ions returning to the terminal cisternae the tropomyosin blocking the myosin once full contraction is achieved
After nervous stimulation stops, following prevents Ach in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction : a)acetylcholinesterase destroying the ach.
What is acetylcholinesterase?Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme which will degrade acetylcholine and prevent constant stimulation of the receptors on the target cell.
The key role of AChE is to terminate neuronal transmission and signaling between the synapses to prevent ACh dispersal and activation of the nearby receptors. AChE is inhibited by organophosphates and is also an important component of pesticides and nerve agents.
Acetylcholinesterase is present in the synapse between nerve cells and muscle cells. It springs into action soon after a signal is passed, breaking down the acetylcholine into its two component parts, acetic acid and choline.
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the desire to eat is stimulated by: a. cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart). b. alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-msh). c. peptide yy (pyy). d. agouti-related protein (agrp).
The desire to eat is increased by agouti-related protein (agrp). Protein makes up the majority of the body's organs, tissues, and body parts, including muscle, bone, skin, and hair.
Which benefits of eating protein stand out the most?Protein is used to build your muscles. Therefore, eating enough protein while strength training helps you maintain and build new muscle. Numerous studies have shown that eating more protein leads to gains in strength and muscle mass.
When your body doesn't have enough protein, what happens?A severe protein deficiency can lead to edema, fatty liver, aging skin, deterioration of diseases, and stunted growth in children. In wealthy countries, true insufficiency is rare, although inadequate intake can cause muscle atrophy and an increased risk of fractures.
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when the spinal cord is damaged, the region of the spinal cord affected determines the region of the body that is impaired. which feature does not contribute to this connection?
rganization of ganglia within the brain.
A column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull down the center of the returned. It is blanketed via three thin layers of shielding tissue referred to as membranes. The spinal twine and membranes are surrounded by means of the vertebrae (back bones). The spinal cord and the mind make up the primary anxious device (CNS).
The spinal cord is a long, skinny, tubular structure made up of fearful tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata within the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (spine). The spine encloses the primary canal of the spinal cord, which incorporates cerebrospinal fluid.
Like the brain, the spinal twine includes grey and white rely. The butterfly-formed middle of the wire includes grey remember.
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1. signaling in microbes has much in common with processes in multicellular organisms. what does this suggest about its evolutionary origin?
Signaling in microbe suggest the evolutionary origin of signaling mechanism.
What is signaling mechanism?
The signaling process is chemical in nature (i.e., paracrine) and includes the capacity of the ENS for intelligent interpretation of antigen-evoked mast cell signals in addition to the specialized antigen sensing functions of intestinal mast cells.
What is signaling in microbes?
Through the secretion of quorum sensing, electrodes produce mature and durable biofilm (QS).Microbial electrochemical technique (MET) with QS assistance for energy recovery is listed.Recovery of values with comprehensive wastewater treatment via METs is explained.Quorum quenching (QQ) modulation in MET is claimed to cause anti-membrane biofouling.Therefore, bacterial QS and QQ control can help create self-sustaining MET.Therefore, signaling in microbes shows the evolutionary origin of signaling mechanism.
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a nuclear medicine study used to diagnosis pernicious anemia is: group of answer choices coombs antiglobulin test. packed-cell volume. monospot. schilling test.
Pernicious anemia is diagnosed by a schilling test. It is a test of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) absorption by complexing with intrinsic factors.
What is a schilling test? How it was performed?
It is a classic test used clinically to distinguish between gastric and ileal causes of vitamin B12 deficiency.
It is performed by administering a small oral dose of radiolabeled vitamin B12 and, simultaneously within one or two hours, a large intramuscular flushing of nonradiolabeled vitamin B12. The unlabeled B12 saturates vitamin B12 carriers, thus radioactive vitamin B12 absorbed by the intestine is excreted in the urine.
If less than 7% of the administered dose is recovered in the urine, vitamin B12 malabsorption is confirmed.
Let us discuss other options:
Coombs test or antiglobulin test is used to detect antibodies that can bind the antigen on the surface of RBC but cannot agglutinate them.A Packed cell volume test (hematocrit) is used to evaluate the percentage of blood that is made up of red blood cells.The Monospot test is a latex agglutination test used to detect specific heterophile antibodies produces by the immune system in response to EBV infection.Hence schilling test is used to detect pernicious anemia caused due to the deficiency of vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin).
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A sample of liquid water is boiling. As more heat is added, the temperature of the liquid water will
Answer:
increase
Explanation:
Answer: It will increase
Explain: When the water tempter gets higher the water starts to increase due to the heat.
I hope this help! have a nice day!
which pair is mismatched? a.opsonization: can involve the adaptive immune system b.interferon type 1: can make a cell resistant to viral infection c.macrophage: immune system cells that carry out phagocytosis d.fever: induced by the presence of pyrogens e.alternative complement pathway: complement activated by antibodies
The adaptive immune system may be involved in osonization.
Option A is accurate.
What are the adaptive immune response's four defining traits?Antigenic specificity, variety, immunologic memory, and the capacity to distinguish between the self and the non-self are the four features of adaptive immunity. Lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells) and antigen-presenting cells participate in an immune response (macrophages, B-cells, and dendritic cells).
Interferons play a role in the adaptive system, right?IFNs are a class of pleiotropic cytokines that were first identified for their capacity to prevent virus replication. But it is now known that these cytokines are crucial in controlling both innate and adaptive immunity.
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which of the following is inconsistent with the punctuated equilibrium model? multiple choice it is difficult to determine when speciation occurred. transitional fossils are less likely to be found. speciation often occurs rapidly. there is a period of no change interrupted by speciation. it often involves an isolated subpopulation.
Many of the theory's detractors said that punctuated equilibrium has never adequately explained how the significant changes depicted in the fossil record could have occurred in such a brief period of time.
Does punctuated equilibrium remain steady and reliable?Environmental conditions are thought to be constant in punctuated equilibrium. The ecosystem can, however, potentially alter as a result of climatic changes or the arrival of new predators. Additionally, it may highlight recent changes in a population that inhabits that area.
What is an illustration of a punctuated equilibrium?Punctuated equilibrium develops as a result of faster genetic variation transmission, which speeds up speciation and evolution. Examples of punctuated equilibrium can be found in the fossils of tyrannosaurids and mollusks in the Turkana Basin.
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NEED ANSWER PLS DUE SOON
Red blood cells in seawater would shrivel up because there is more salt concentration than human blood cells can handle.
Sorry I can't answer for 3 but the thyroid gland is the main organ for hormones so it definitely has something to do with that
the small fish known as the cleaner wrasse is found in a mutualistic relationship with larger fish species. what benefit does the cleaner wrasse obtain from the relationship?
The benefit of reliable food sources is the cleaner wrasse obtained from the relationship.
In this relationship, the cleaner wrasses establish "cleaning stations" where they consume parasites and dead skin cells from obedient reef fish. By getting rid of those parasites, the reef fish benefit, and the wrasses get a new source of food. A reciprocal relationship exists between cleaner fish and larger fish. The reason for this is that the cleaner fish feeds on the large fish's dangerous parasites and other small sources of food.
The larger fish benefit because they no longer have these parasites on them, and the cleaner fish get a meal as a result. More often than not, larger fish wait in "cleaning stations" for cleaner fish to come and remove these things from them. Even cleaners can be found among some small shrimp.
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What is a temperature inversion in the atmosphere?
Which layers of the atmosphere do the major temperature inversions occur?
What causes the major temperature inversions in the atmosphere?
The answers include the following:
Temperature inversion is referred to as a layer in the atmosphere in which air temperature increases with height. The stratosphere is the layers of the atmosphere in which the major temperature inversions occur.The major cause of temperature inversions in the atmosphere is when air associated with the shallow air mass is colder than the air aloft which creates an inversion.What is Atmosphere?This is referred to as an envelope of gases which surrounds the planet and examples of such gases include oxygen, carbon dioxide etc.
Temperature inversion occurs in the part of the atmosphere known as the stratosphere and it is caused when the air associated with the shallow air mass is colder than the air aloft which creates an inversion.
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the irish potato famine was caused by a pathogen that quickly and successfully infected and killed millions of potato plants in ireland. based on the speed and ability of the pathogen to infect the plants, what kind of farming technique was likely implemented by the irish?
Monoculture is the farming technique was likely implemented by the Irish.
In agriculture, monoculture is the exercise of developing one crop species in a discipline at a time. Monoculture is broadly utilized in extensive farming and in natural farming: each a 1,000-acre cornfield and a 10-hectare discipline of natural kale are monocultures
Therefore, the correct option is a).
Complete question is
The Irish potato famine was caused by a pathogen that quickly and successfully infected and killed millions of potato plants in Ireland. based on the speed and ability of the pathogen to infect the plants, what kind of farming technique was likely implemented by the Irish?
a) monoculture
b) organic
c) sustainable
d) intercropping
e) strip cropping
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Determine the energy of 1.20 mol of photons for each of the following kinds of light. (assume three significant figures.)
The energy content of infrared radiation is 12.4 * 1020 J.
What does the term "photon" actually mean?In physics, a photons is a package of electrical radiation. It is the basic building block of all light. The photon is frequently referred to as a "quantum" of electromagnetic energy. Particles really aren't thought to also be made of smaller atoms. They are fundamental elements of nature, or elemental particles.
Do photons exist in light?The constituent parts of light are photons, bundles of the magnetic wave that carry a specific amount of energy. With sensitive enough tests, you can quantify photons or even measure a single photon. Researchers have frozen even light.
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an uncorrected mismatch error during human dna replication can result in choose one: a. an extra chromosome. b. the combination of two or more alleles. c. a disruption in the double-helix structure of the dna molecule. d. the potential for a disease or genetic disorder.
The potential for a disease or genetic disorder.
DNA replication is the process by means of which the genome's DNA is copied in cells. Earlier than a cellular divides, it must first replica (or reflect) its whole genome so that every ensuing daughter cell ends up with its personal complete genome.
Replication is an important process because, each time a mobile divides, the 2 new daughter cells have to include the equal genetic records, or DNA, as the discern cell. duplication.
The end result of DNA replication is two DNA molecules consisting of 1 new and one vintage chain of nucleotides. That is why DNA replication is described as semi-conservative, half of of the chain is part of the unique DNA molecule, half of is modern-day.
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A bacterial cell makes binary fission many times and 16 calls are produced during two hours.What is the time taken by one binary fission? a)30 minutes
b)60 minutes
c)45 minutes
d)20 minutes
Answer:
A) 30 minutes
Explanation:
First we will calculate number of division times it will be 16 log/2log =4
then we will divide total time by number of division 120÷4=30
newly formed polypeptides are released and the ribosomal subunits break apart as a result of sequences in mrna called
Newly shaped polypeptides are released and the ribosomal subunits break apart as a result of sequences in mRNA called Translation.
The translation is the technique that takes the facts handed from DNA as messenger RNA and turns it into a series of amino acids sure collectively with peptide bonds.
Within the course of translation, ribosomal subunits acquire collectively like a sandwich on the strand of mRNA, in which they proceed to attract tRNA molecules tethered to amino acids (circles). an extended chain of amino acids emerges as the ribosome decodes the mRNA series proper into a polypeptide, or a logo-new protein.
The release elements bind to a termination codon on the area and stimulate hydrolysis of the bond between the tRNA and the polypeptide chain at the P internet site online, resulting within the release of the completed polypeptide from the ribosome. The tRNA is then released, and the ribosomal subunits and the mRNA template dissociate.
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which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false? question 6 options: the monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal. monomers serve as building blocks for polymers. monomers are joined together by the process of dehydration / condensation. monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis
False statement is option D: monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.
The majority of macromolecules are constructed from single monomers, often known as building blocks. Covalent bonds allow the monomers to join to create polymers, which are bigger molecules. Consequently, monomers produce water molecules. Dehydration synthesis, which literally translates as "to bring together while losing water," is the name for this kind of reaction. Hydrolysis on the contrary means to break down polymers into monomers by putting up water.
Monomers are thus building blocked of polymers joined together by covalent bonds. While hydrolysis reactions typically release energy by breaking bonds, dehydration reactions typically require an energy investment for the formation of new bonds.
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Energy efficient appliances can greatly reduce the amount of energy used in a household, saving money and conserving resources. Should appliance manufacturers be required by law to only build energy efficient appliances?
Our electricity costs make up about 30% of our monthly expenses, and some families spend even more. It is difficult to produce electricity, and there are significant environmental risks involved. Because of this, groups and the government are promoting people to produce and buy energy-saving and tools and practices.
benefit of energy efficient appliances
It saves money; as a result, the majority of appliance manufacturers are now producing energy-efficient equipment. These appliances used to be a little pricey, but they are now more reasonable. However, some people find it difficult to use energy-saving gadgets. Your home's energy bills are strongly correlated with how much energy you use at home or in your business. The amount of energy consumed in your home will drastically decrease if you utilize energy-efficient appliances
It also saves energy; the energy consumption in your home will be greatly decreased when you utilize energy-efficient equipment, which will result in lower energy costs. Energy-efficient gadgets have the noticeable quality of using little energy when operating. This implies that you will save a lot of energy using these appliances, and you can use that energy to complete other jobs around the house.
In conclusion, energy-saving bulbs, solar water heaters, and booster water heaters are a few common examples of energy-efficient appliances. These appliances' construction permits them to function at low energy and temperature settings, which enables them to continue working until their tasks are finished.
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What is a non-example of chloroplasts in real life term?
Answer:
Mitochondria is a non-example of chloroplasts.
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are only found within Plant Matter.
what was a crucial advantage of the daguerreotype method? group of answer choices no darkroom required shorter exposure times it allowed multiple copies to be made from a single negative it resulted in sharper images than the competition
Crucial advantage of the daguerreotype method is that it resulted in sharper images than the competition.
Daguerreotypes was an early photographs method on a light-sensitive metal plate coated in crystals. A daguerreotype just needed just twenty minutes exposure. Daguerreotype, produced an opaque original positive that could be duplicated only by copying it with a camera.
There are advantages of the daguerreotype they produce crystal clear images , It was the first commercially successful photography method in photography history . other disadvantage includes it has a long exposure time, it is expensive, and the cameras are very large.
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slight increase in numbers of lymphocytes: a.lymphopoiesis b.lymphocytosis c.lymphedema d.lymphoid e.lymphocytopenia
A slight increase in the number of lymphocytes is called Option B. Lymphocytosis.
A lymphocyte is a form of white blood cell within the immune system of most vertebrates. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells. they're the primary form of cell observed in lymph, which triggered the call "lymphocyte". Lymphocytes make up 18% and 42% of circulating white blood cells.
A form of immune mobile that is made within the bone marrow and is observed within the blood and in lymph tissue. the two main varieties of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes make antibodies, and T lymphocytes assist kill tumor cells and assist control immune responses.
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Select all the differences between DNA and RNA.
a
RNA contains one strand of nucleotides, and DNA has two.
b
DNA contains two strands of nucleotides, and RNA has four.
c
In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil.
d
DNA is contained only within the nucleus and RNA is not.
e
RNA is more complex than is DNA because of its multiple forms.
f
In DNA, guanine is replaced by uracil.
Answer:
In RNA thymine is replaced by uracil
what is the energy required for seaweed and tubeworms ?
Answer:
Plants absorb energy from sunlight, take in carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves, take up water through their roots, and produce glucose and oxygen.
Explanation:
Seaweeds get their food through the process of photosynthesis, which uses energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules, and produces the by-product oxygen. “Seaweed” is the common name for countless species of marine algae that grow in the sea. They produce oxygen by photosynthesizing energy from the sun, just like plants do on land.They are a bit like photosynthetic plants, but instead of using energy from light (like plants do to make food from carbon dioxide), they use energy from chemicals present in the cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. Tubeworms use hydrogen sulfide as an energy source, which is the same chemical emitted by a rotten egg. They are one of the few creatures on Earth that do not need to rely on the Sun for energy. Tubeworms take up sulphide from the sediments through root-like structures, which are at least as long as the tube projecting above the ocean floor.given what you know about glycolysis and regulation of metabolism by this enzyme, what is the mechanism by which phosphofructokinase activity differs depending on atp concentration?
ADP and ATP both inhibit and activate the allosteric enzyme .
How does the enzyme phosphofructokinase control glycolysis?The ability of to control glycolysis through allosteric inhibition enables the cell to alter the rate of glycolysis in response to its need for energy. For instance, and glycolysis will be inhibited by a high ATP to ADP ratio.
The glycolytic pathway has three main enzymatic control sites. These transitions include the hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase enzymes.
This widespread is mostly due to the fact that catalyses a process that is out of equilibrium and that it displays an in tricate and sophisticated regulatory behaviour that indicates its capacity to integrate signals from several pathways.
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an enzymatic weight-gain supplement claims to help users digest all carbohydrates in fruits and vegetables. what key enzyme would you hope to see on the label?
An enzymatic weight-gain supplement claims to help users digest all carbohydrates in fruits and vegetables. Cellulase enzyme is present.
What is cellulase ?Cellulase (systematic name 4—D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase) is any of a number of enzymes that catalyse cellulolysis, the breakdown of cellulose and some related polysaccharides, and is primarily produced by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans.
Endohydrolysis of (14)-D-glucosidic linkages in lichenin, cereal -D-glucan, and cellulose
The term is also applied to any naturally occurring combination or complex of numerous such enzymes that break down cellulosic material sequentially or cooperatively.
Cellulases convert the cellulose molecule into shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, as well as monosaccharides (or "simple sugars") like -glucose. Because it makes a key plant component usable for food and use in chemical reactions, cellulose breakdown has significant economic significance. The 1,4-D-glycosidic bonds in cellulose, hemicellulose, lichenin, and cereal -D-glucans are hydrolyzed in this particular process. Compared to the breakdown of other polysaccharides like starch, the breakdown of cellulose is particularly challenging because the molecules of cellulose bind tightly to one another.
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the mutation that causes cystic fibrosis affects several traits and is, therefore, an example of a(n)
Cystic fibrosis affects several traits, therefore, it is an example of a pleiotropy .
Pleiotropy occurs when a gene mutation affects numerous traits, or when it results in many mutant phenotypes, affecting more than one attribute.
Pleiotropic genes are those that show multiple phenotypic expression. Due to the gene's product being employed by several cells or diverse targets with the same signaling function, a pleiotropic gene mutation may affect multiple features at once.
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