The correct description of a nucleotide is: a nucleotide has three main parts: a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
Sugar in a nucleotide is comprised of 5 carbons. It can be of two types depending on the type of nucleotide it will be present in. These are: ribose sugar and deoxyribose sugar. Ribose sugar is present in RNA and deoxyribose sugar is present in DNA.
Nitrogenous base is the nitrogen containing compound that forms an essential part of he nucleic acids. There are total 5 nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil. Out of these adenine and guanine are purines while Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine are pyrimidines.
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what type of genetic traits do you think are important to study and predict? give an example of a genetic trait that is carefully monitored when two parents are creating an offspring and why it would be important to monitor. bold italic underline
The type of genetic traits that are important to study and predict are those having high heritability such as for example height which is a quantitative trait whose importance is central and they are monitored in breeding programs.
What is a genetic trait having a high level of heritability?A genetic trait having a high level of heritability is those whose variation is mainly due to genetic factors (i.e. genes) instead of environmental factors.
In this regard, it has been shown that height in animals is a quantitative trait mainly affected by genetic conditions rather than environment, thereby it is ideal to be monitored in a breeding program.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that genetic traits have different levels of heritability and the better traits are those with high heritability levels such as height and weight which are key traits in breeding.
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thalassemia is a very serious disorder that affects hemoglobin. it is caused by an autosomal recessive gene. if both a woman and a man are carriers, then what is the chance that they will have a child with the disease?
If both a woman and a man are carriers, then chance that child will have a disease is 25 %.
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused when the body doesn't make enough of a protein. its symptoms may includes weakness, pale and yellow skin , abdominal swelling and dark urine .
Thalassemia can me mild or chronic . mild from doesn't need any care while chronic form need blood transfusion or stem cell transplant . Blood transfusion process involves receiving injections of red blood cells through a vein to restore normal levels. only successful treatment of thalassemia is is a bone marrow and stem cell transplant from a compatible donor.
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One of the uses for a protein is
challenge: using a total of only five organs (large or small), design a digestive system that can absorb the maximum number of calories from the apple. describe your system.
Digestion is the breakdown of food molecules
Digestion of an apple :
The following organs are involved in apple digestion:
Mouth: Using teeth, the apple was sliced into smaller pieces. The starch in the apple is broken down by saliva in the mouth.
Stomach: Hydrochloric acid and other gastric fluids are among the digestive juices found in the stomach. The apple is blended with these liquids.
Duodenum: Starch molecules are broken down in the duodenum.
Ileum: A little finger-like structure found in the villi of the organ, which absorbs sugar molecules as well as vitamins and minerals found in apples.
Colon: After passing through the colon, undigested waste is sent to the rectum, another organ.
Rectum: Through the rectum, the body expelled its indigestible
These are the organs which can absorb the maximum number of Calories from the apple.
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How much ATP is made throughout the course of Glycolysis, Krebb’s Cycle and the ETC? Account for any ATP spent, in which phase the ATM production/spending occurs, and the type of ATP production in each case. When the type is oxidative phosphorylation, state which molecules (NADH or FADH2) are producing ATP and how much.
The amount of ATP generated during all cellular respiration is 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule (2 ATP glycolysis, 2 ATP Krebs cycle, and 34 ATP oxidative phosphorylation). During this process, NADH and FADH₂ are combined with oxygen to generate ATP.
What is the cellular respiration process?The cellular respiration process refers to a series of metabolic pathways which include Glycolysis, Krebb’s Cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (it in turn includes the electron transport chain or ETC) in order to generate ATP, the energy coin of the cell.
In regard to the production, 2 ATP molecules derive from glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules derive from the Krebs cycle, and 34 ATP molecules derive from oxidative phosphorylation.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that cellular respiration is able to produce 38 molecules of ATP per each glucose that enters into the process.
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assume that two transcription factors are required for expression of the blue pigmentation genes in pansies. (without the pigment, the flowers are white.) what phenotypic ratios would you expect from crossing strains heterozygous for wild-type and recessive amorphic alleles for each of the genes encoding these transcription factors?
1. If both transcription factors are required for expression (complementary gene action),
only the A-B- genotype will produce blue flowers. Diagram the cross: Aa Bb× Aa Bb→
9/16 A-B- (blue) : 3/16A-bb (white) : 3/16aa B- (white) : 1/16 aa bb(white)
= 9/16 blue : 7/16 white flowered plants.
Transcription is the manner of copying a phase of DNA into RNA. The segments of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules which could encode proteins are stated to provide messenger RNA. Different segments of DNA are copied into RNA molecules known as non-coding RNAs. mRNA comprises simplest 1-three% of overall RNA samples.
Transcription is the method wherein a gene's DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) to make an RNA molecule. RNA polymerase is the primary transcription enzyme. Transcription starts whilst RNA polymerase binds to a promoter collection near the beginning of a gene (directly or thru helper proteins).
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Certain reactions in cells are endergonic. How do cells make those reactions proceed?.
Which of the following is a possible outcome of a disruption to an ecosystem?
O All of the above
O Population size increases
O population size decreases.
O A species may leave or enter and ecosystem.
O A species become extinct
the pharmacological suppression of pain impulses at the level of the spinal cord induces which effect?
The pharmacological suppression of pain impulses at the level of the spinal cord induces which effect is Analgesia.
Hepatotoxicity from NSAIDs can occur at any time but is most likely 6 to 12 weeks after administration. Risk factors for NSAID-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity include female sex age 50 years and underlying autoimmune disease. Because prophylactic analgesia is an antinociceptive treatment given before incision or surgery, it is important to remember the timing of prophylactic analgesia.
This prevents the occurrence of changes in afferent input processing that increase postoperative pain. The strongest prescription pain relievers are opioids. Although they are highly effective people who take them run the risk of addiction and overdose. Since pain relievers have side effects and risks, non-pharmacological remedies should be tried first. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian nervous system.
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Variation and survival - Extended Task
Research and answer this question.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of variation to the survival of orangutans?
The advantages and disadvantages of genetic variation to the survival of orangutans are:
Advantages:
Because of variation, organisms can evolve to survive in challenging environments and become more resistant to diseases. It also fosters diversity.Disadvantages:
Negative effects, such as genetic disorders and diseases, are another potential drawbackWhat is genetic variation?
DNA sequence variations among members of a population are referred to as genetic variation. Sperm and egg cells, as well as somatic (all other) cells, are subject to variation.Three separate processes contribute to genetic diversity: gene recombination, gene migration, and mutation. Genetic variety and evolution are propelled by mutation. Base substitutions, deletions, and insertions are the different kinds of DNA mutations.Due to deforestation, illegal hunting, and forest fires that have decimated orang-utan wild populations, one of the most thorough genome analyses of orang gutans to date has revealed that its tiny populations are surprisingly genetically diverse. This raises the possibility that the critically endangered species could recover from its current dire situation.
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a sprinter has a higher percentage of type ii muscle fibers than a marathon runner. select one: true false
The answer is True. Sprinters have a higher percentage of type ii muscle fibers.
What are type ii muscle fibers?
Fast-twitch muscle fibers produce larger and more potent forces, but only for brief periods of time before quickly becoming exhausted. They are frequently referred to as white fibers or type II since they are more anaerobic and have less blood supply.
Type ii muscle fibers are usually found in muscles of the arms in large numbers.
Running sprints, agility drills, bench presses, deadlifts and heavy squats are a great way to build type ii fibers.
Fast twitch/ type ii fibers are much more powerful than type I fibers. These give major strength but also fatigue easier than type I.
Sprinters, therefore have a higher percentage of type ii fibers than marathon runners.
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Repeated irrigation in dry climates leads to accumulation of salts in the upper layers of the soil, a process called ____.
Repeated irrigation in dry climates leads to accumulation of salts in the upper layers of the soil, a process called salinization.
Soil salinity is the quantity of salt withinside the soil. The system of growing the salt content material is referred to as salinization. Salt is a certainly taking place compound determined in soil and water. Salinization may be due to herbal strategies which include mineral leaching or the withdrawal of salt deposits from the oceans. Salinization also can arise because of human sports which include irrigation.
The accumulation of an excessive amount of salt, particularly at the surface, is due to the motion of salt thr the capillary system from the element withinside the soil that's full of liquid with dissolved salts, to the surface. The evaporation system attracts liquid from the soil to the surface, and the evaporated liquid leaves salt at the soil surface. Concentrated salt also can come from chemical fertilizers.
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sometimes, an elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is used to detect anti-measles antibodies in a patient's serum. what type of elisa could be used for this application? select all that apply.
An ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a test that allows you to measure the presence of antibodies in a patient's serum.
It can be used to detect anti-measles antibodies in patients who have been vaccinated against measles and other diseases, such as rubella and chickenpox.
A sandwich ELISA uses two antibodies to bind to an antigen. One antibody has a special enzyme attached, which can be detected with a color change or by fluorescence.
The second antibody has been coated onto the surface of the microtiter plate, which contains many wells for testing samples. When the first antibody binds with its antigen, it will also bind with the second antibody on the plate. The enzyme-linked one will then coat itself on top of this double-coated structure and make it visible through light or color changes.
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Explain how the lab demonstrated the energy transformation that occurs within photosynthesis. Make sure you include the following words in your response: photosynthesis, light energy, glucose, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and chemcial energy.
In the lab, we can use cells of leaves containing chlorophyll molecules in the chloroplasts to see how sunlight excites electrons in presence of carbon dioxide and it generates simple carbohydrates (chemical energy) as occur during photosynthesis.
What is the biological pathway of photosynthesis?The biological pathway of photosynthesis refers to a series of chemical reactions by which plants use sunlight (light energy), water and carbon dioxide in order to generate oxygen as a byproduct and chemical energy contained in the bonds of carbohydrates, especially simple carbohydrates such as glucose molecules.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the biological pathway of photosynthesis is known to generate chemical energy in the form of simple carbs such as glucose and saccharose macronutrients which are the result of using the light energy from the sun and carbon dioxide present in the surrounding environment.
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janet is 12 weeks pregnant. at this point, her developing baby is called a(n): zygote. embryo. fetus. teratogen.
At 12 weeks pregnant the baby is at foetal stage of development.
The foetal stage of development follows embryonic development. Fetal development in humans starts in the ninth week following fertilisation and lasts until birth. The sex organ are grown and theer is no missing organ. If there is a defect at this stage in formation of body parts at this stage it will be carried till end of pregnancy. Although the baby will be moving a lot, it's too early for you to feel their motions just yet.
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Why might cells need to make new copies of
themselves? Do all Cells reproduce in the same way? What are the steps of Mitosis?
What happens at each step in the process? What happens when cells lose control
over their ability to divide? How could this happen?
Cells divide for the purpose of survival and growth of organisms. This way, chromosome numbers are maintained and damaged cells are renewed as well.
What is Mitotis?
Mitosis is the division of cells which results in the formation of two daughter cells. They both have the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Mitosis involves the following phases:
Prophase is where the chromosomes shorten in length and thicken.Metaphase is where the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.Anaphase is where the chromatids break at the centromere after which they move to opposite poles.Telophase is where the two nuclei formed after nuclear envelopes reform around the groups of chromosomes.When cells lose their control over the ability to divide, they can accumulate genetic disorders that may lead to cancerous tumors. This happens when the normal cell cycle is disrupted and it therefore loses control.
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Alex was brought into the clinic by his
football coach that stated that Alex is
delirious, has intense cramps and has been
vomiting since he drank over 1000 mL of
water in under 45 minutes at football
practice.
Normally, the sodium concentration inside
the cells is equal to the sodium
concentration outside of the cell. However,
drinking this much water in a short amount
of time will cause the inside
of the cell to become diluted.
To compensate, water from
the outside of the cell will
rush into the cell, causing
water intoxication.
Which cell
organelle
allows this to
happen?
Answer:blood
Explanation:
The cell membrane allows water to rush into the cell when it becomes diluted due to excessive water intake.
The cell organelle that allows water to rush into the cell when it becomes diluted due to excessive water intake is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it controls what substances can enter and leave the cell.
In this case, the dilution of the cell causes the concentration of solutes inside the cell to be lower than the concentration outside, leading to osmosis, where water molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through the cell membrane.
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Some insects can walk on the surface of water. Their feet push against the surface of the water and the water surface bends down under their weight but does not break. What do the individual water molecules do that makes this possible?
Answer:it is surface tension
Explanation:
the bacterium clostridium botulinum secretes botulinum toxin, neurotoxin. the toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine from the axon terminal of a motor neuron. explain how the toxin binding would change the normal sequence of events at the neuromusclar junction
The motor neuron is bound by botulinum toxin, which inhibits acetylcholine from being released into the synaptic cleft. Due to the lack of neurotransmitter to bind to the ion-channel receptor on the muscle cell motor end plate, this hinders the beginning of an end-plate potential.
The bacterium Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod frequently found on plants, in soil, water, and the digestive tracts of animals, produces the neurotoxic protein known as botulinum toxin, or BoNT.
Botulinum toxin causes flaccid paralysis by preventing the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction. The toxicity is what leads to botulism.
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Create three relevant questions that you would like answered or clarified about the role of
DNA and chromosomes. Focus on the following areas as you generate questions:
i. The cause-and-effect relationship between the genetic code and gene expression
ii. Mechanisms of gene regulation
iii. The role of DNA segments that do not code for proteins
c) Make sure your questions are scientific questions, meaning they could be tested by scientists.
Three questions regarding DNA and chromosomes are:-
Question No. 1: What is a codon and how it could direct the sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis?
Question No. 2: What is an operon?
Question No. 3: What are introns and exons?
Answer No. 1: A codon is made up of three nitrogenous bases and it codes for a particular amino acid. 61 codons code for amino acids while the rest 3 do not code for any amino acid and hence act as stop codons.
Answer No. 2: Regulation of transcription is the basic step for the regulation of gene expression. In bacteria, more than one gene is arranged together and regulated in units known as operons.
Answer No. 3: Introns and exons are the non-coding and the coding sequences of the DNA respectively. Exons are those sequences which appear in the mature RNA, while introns do not appear on the mature RNA.
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in what direction do protons flow during chemiosmosis in chloroplasts? group of answer choices from the matrix into the stroma from the stroma into the cytosol from the thylakoid space to into the stroma from the intermembrane space into the stroma from the stroma into the thylakoid space
Direction in which protons flow during chemiosmosis in chloroplasts are : from the stroma into the thylakoid space.
Where do protons flow during chemiosmosis in chloroplasts?The chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts occurs during photosynthesis. The energy of electron is used to pump proton from stroma into the thylakoid lumen and when protons move back to stroma then they pass through ATP synthase.
The process of moving ions to the other side of a biological membrane is known as chemiosmosis.
Electrochemical gradient is generated in chemiosmosis which is used to drive ATP synthesis. During this process, hydrogen ions get collected in the thylakoid membranes.
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collection of pus in the pleural cavity: a.pneumothorax b.pleuritis c.hemoptysis d.pyothorax e.cyanosis
Collection of pus in pleural cavity is called pyothorax.
Pyothorax, also referred to as a thoracic empyema, is the buildup of an infectious purulent discharge inside the pleural cavity. The development of pyothorax can result from a variety of bacterial sources, including pneumonia, lung abscess, thoracic bite wounds, and abnormal parasite or grass awn migration. Although there are a few uncommon case reports of incidence in newborns, pyothorax in dogs is most frequently reported at a mean age of 3–4 years.
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Marine science The exosphere is about halfway to the moon, true or false
which process would be included in an accurate diagram of the rock cycle? i
Answer:
Sedimentary and metamorphic rock melt and become magma.
Explanation:
what is the difference between a deoxyribonucleotide and a dideoxyribonucleotide? a. a deoxynucleotide is missing a 3'-hydroxyl group on its sugar. b. a dideoxynucleotide is missing a 3'- hydroxyl group on its sugar. c. a deoxynucleotide is missing a 5'-phosphate group. d. a dideoxynucleotide is missing a 5'-phosphate group.
The difference between a deoxyribonucleotide and a di-deoxyribonucleotide is option B: a dideoxynucleotide is missing a 3'- hydroxyl group on its sugar.
Deoxyribonucleotides are referred to as such because they lack an oxygen on the second carbon but do possess a hydroxyl group (OH) at position 3' on the ribose sugar. In contrast, a di-deoxyribonucleotide will only have a hydrogen (H) at position 3'. It is referred to as a di-deoxy because it is deficient in two oxygens. Therefore, option B marks the appropriate choice.
Dideoxynucleotides, employed in the Sanger technique for DNA sequencing, are chain-elongating inhibitors of DNA polymerase. Because there are no hydroxyl groups at the 2' and 3' locations of the ribose, they are also known as 2',3'. A target DNA segment is amplified using the Sanger method so that the DNA sequence can be precisely determined.
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A motorcycle is moving at a constant speed of 40 km/h. How long does it 1
take the motorcycle to travel a distance of 8 km?
Your answer
Calculating with the definition of speed, it will take the motorcycle 0.2 h (12 minutes) to travel a distance of 8 km.
First, you have to know that speed is a measurement quantity that explains the relationship between the distance travelled by an motorcycle in the given case. Thus the speed is linked with the change of position of motorcycle in distance within a definite amount of time.
The speed can be calculated using the following formula;
In the given case;
speed= 40
distance travelled= 8 km
time= ?
Putting this into the definition of speed:
solution;
40 × time= 8 km
time= 8 km÷ 40
time= 0.2 h= 12 minutes (because, 1 h=60 minutes)
If we conclude, it will take the motorcycle 0.2 hr (12 minutes) to travel a distance of 8 km.
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which type of self-tolerance entails differentiation of regulatory t cells that limit inflammatory cytokine secretion in secondary lymphoid tissue and at sites of inflammation
Functional deviation is a kind of self-tolerance that entails the differentiation of regulatory t-cells that limit inflammatory cytokine secretion in secondary lymphoid tissue and at sites of inflammation.
The immune system's capacity for self-tolerance is its capacity to see its own antigens as non-threats while correctly waging an attack against alien substances. Normal physiological function and general health depend on this equilibrium of immune defense and self-tolerance.
Normal self-tolerance is primarily maintained by clonal deletion of maturing peripheral T and B cells as well as clonal deletion of developing T and B cells.
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Do you remember the five
characteristics of life?
From memory, list the characteristics of life.
Answer:
They are usually 7 characteristics
Explanation:
1) GROWTH
2) Ability to REPRODUCE
3) RESPOND
4) METABOLISM
5 ) RESPIRATION
6) NUTRITION
7) EXCRETION
Answer:
1.Cells
2.Homeostasis
3.Reproduction
4.Metabolism
5.DNA/Heredity
Explanation:
I am don't remember the five characteristics of life from memory l am only remember some but here you got.
I need some help with some questions for a weekly recap quiz! If u don't know the answer please do not answer! Brainly for the best answer! Thanks yall for helping me!
Mutations that can contribute to a change in the characteristics of a species over time include:
a mutation in an egg cell; option Ba mutation in a sperm cell; option DIf a human cell has more or less than the correct number of chromosomes, a likely result is that it can cause mutations in the DNA of the human; option A.
What are mutations?
Mutations are changes that occur in the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
Mutations may occur in the coding regions known as genes or non-coding regions of the DNA.
A mutation may or may not result in changes in the gene product that is coded for by the DNA.
The mutation may have deleterious effects or may enhance the chances of survival for a given organism.
Mutations may or may not also be passed on to offspring by parents.
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the protein sample is mixed with a matrix prior to analysis. what is the function of a matrix in maldi-tof ms analysis?
In MALDI technology, the matrix does have a special impact on the analysis of the sample: it dilutes the sample to separate the clustered macromolecule.
During protein digestion, peptides could be examined using MALDI-TOF MS for further levels usually confirmed using peptide mass fingerprinting. Simple operation, good mass precision, high resolution, and otherwise sensitivity are all features of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
it protects the sample by absorbing laser energy and transferring it to the sample instead of directly exposing it to the laser.
In the clinical microbiology laboratory, matrix-assisted laser classes in social and emotional of flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry (MS) has gained popularity as a method for the quick and precise determination of bacteria, mycobacteria, and some fungal infections.
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