Pouring salt on an icy sidewalk to make it free of ice is an example of a colligative property. Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the concentration of solute particles, but not on their identity.
Four common colligative properties are:
Freezing point depression: The freezing point of a solution is lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent.Boiling point elevation: The boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent.Osmotic pressure: The pressure required to prevent osmosis, the flow of solvent from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration, across a semipermeable membrane.Vapor pressure lowering: The vapor pressure of a solution is lower than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.Pouring salt on an icy sidewalk to make it free of ice is an example of freezing point depression. The salt dissolves in the water on the surface of the ice and forms a solution. The presence of salt in the water lowers the freezing point of the water, causing it to melt even at temperatures below the normal freezing point of pure water. This effect is due to the increased number of solute particles in the solution, which interferes with the formation of the crystal lattice of ice.
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How does the temp affect the
time to sour milk?
Answer:
If the temperature of milk increases and then rapidly decreases bacteria can start to form in it. Also if milk gets to warm it can spoil and curdle towards the bottom of the cup. The curdling is usually due to the lactose in milk.
Hi there, here's your answer:
If stored above 5 °C for too long, milk will begin to develop signs of spoilage, including sour odor, off-flavor and curdled consistency. Remember that milk should be taken from the store and quickly placed in your refrigerator at home so that the temperature does not rise above 5 °C.
Moreover, the rate of growth of harmful bacteria increases as the temperature at which the milk is stored is increased. Harmful bacteria cannot grow in milk when the temperature it is kept at is below 5°-7°C. At higher temperatures, the rate of growth of harmful bacteria is very fast.
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I need help with 9-13
1) Hydrogen: 1.5 g / 1.008 g/mol = 1.488 mol.
2) Atomic hydrogen: 1.488 mol / 0.999 mol = 1.5
3) As a result, the empirical formula is C2 H3, and the mole ratio is 2: 3.
C₂H₃
What is an element?Primitive human societies first discovered native minerals like carbon, sulfur, copper, and gold.
This is where the history of the elements' discovery and use began (though the concept of a chemical element was not yet understood).
Throughout human history, attempts to categorize things like this gave rise to the concepts of classical elements, alchemy, and numerous related hypotheses.
The work of Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist who produced the first recognizable periodic table in 1869, contributed significantly to modern knowledge of the elements.
The elements are arranged in this table according to increasing atomic number into rows (or "periods") and columns (or "groups") that have similar physical and chemical characteristics on a regular basis.
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What is the empirical formula for the molecular formula given?
Molecular formula: C5H120
OC₂H6O
OCH5O
O C3H6O
O C5H12 O
The empirical formula for the molecular formula given is C₅H₁₂O as the subscripts cannot be reduced further.
What is empirical formula?Empirical formula of a compound is defined as the simplest whole number ratio of atoms which are present in a compound.It does not make any mention of the arrangement of atoms or the number of atoms. The empirical formula gives information about the ratio of number of atoms which are present in a compound.
Molecular formula is determined from the empirical formula by dividing the molar mass of a compound by the empirical formula mass. The resultant which should be a whole number or very close to the whole number , then the subscripts are multiplied by the whole number to get the molecular formula.
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which one of the following is an intensive property? question 4 options: number of moles nk of substance k in the system. the product pv in a system. molar enthalpy hm of a system (defined as the ratio of the enthalpy of the system over the total number of moles in the system). volume v of the system. internal energy u of the system
Enthalpy molar is an intense property of a system is its Hm, which is calculated as the system's enthalpy divided by the sum of its moles. Hence, option D is the correct answer.
A thermodynamic feature known as an intense property does not depend on the mass of a system. Pressure, temperature, density, particular volume, specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, and specific entropy are a few examples of intense properties. A property is called as an extensive property which depends on the quantity of the materials in a sample.
Mass and volume are two examples of extensive qualities. Intense properties are those that are unaffected by the substance's concentration. For example, temperature and pressure are strong characteristics. Enthalpy, energy, and volume are all significant qualities. Contrarily, intensive qualities, such as colour, melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity, and physical state at a certain temperature, are independent of the amount of the substance present.
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Correct Question:
Which one of the following is an intensive property?
(A) Internal energy U of a system.
(B) Volume V of a system.
(C) Number of moles [tex]n_{k}[/tex] of a substance k in a system.
(D) Molar enthalpy Hm of a system (defined as the ratio of the enthalpy of the system over the total number of moles in the system).
(E) The product pV for a system.
Stoichiometry
2. Balance the equation
Name:
1. Given this equation: N₂ +_______ H₂ →NH,, balance it and write the following molar ratios:
a)
N₂/H₂
b)
Ng/NH,
c) Hạ / NH,
a) Li,N/H,O
b)
N₂ + 3H₂ →2NH[tex]_3[/tex] is the balanced equation. A balanced equation is indeed a chemical reaction equation.
What is balanced equation?A balanced equation is indeed a chemical reaction equation in which the overall charge and the amount of atoms for every element inside the reaction are the same for both the products and reactants.
In plenty of other terms, the mass as well as charge across both endpoints of the reaction are balanced.
N₂ + H₂ →NH[tex]_3[/tex]
Number of atom of nitrogen on reactant side is 2 while on product side it is 1.
N₂ + H₂ →2NH[tex]_3[/tex]
Number of atom of hydrogen on reactant side is 2 while on product side it is 6.
N₂ + 3H₂ →2NH[tex]_3[/tex]
Therefore, N₂ + 3H₂ →2NH[tex]_3[/tex] is the balanced equation.
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A student measures the mass of a solution before and after a chemical reaction takes place. in both cases the students measures the mass to be 50.25 g on an electronic balance with an uncertainty of 0.05 g. the student realizes that the ranges of uncertainty for each measurement overlap exactly. which claim can the student make?
The student can claim that the mass of the solution before and after the chemical reaction is the same.
This can be supported by the fact that the ranges of uncertainty for each measurement overlap exactly, indicating that the mass of the solution was the same before and after the reaction. This is because the ranges of uncertainty for the two measurements overlap exactly, meaning that the two values are statistically indistinguishable. Mathematically, this means that the absolute difference between the two measurements
[tex](50.25 g - 50.25 g)[/tex] is within the combined uncertainty of the two measurements[tex](0.05 g + 0.05 g).[/tex]
Therefore, the student can conclude that the mass of the solution has not changed.
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the process of separating na and cl- against coulomb attractive force is . group of answer choices endothermic not enough information exothermic
The process of separating Na+ and Cl- against coulomb attractive force is :
Endothermic.
This is because it takes energy to counteract the attraction between the oppositely charged ions while separating Na+ and Cl- ions against Coulomb attractive force. The amount of energy needed to separate the ions is dictated by the intensity of their attraction, which is determined by the size of their charges and the distance between them. The greater the charge and the closer the ions, the greater the amount of energy necessary to separate them.
An endothermic process is one that absorbs energy in the form of heat. This sort of reaction requires an energy input, generally in the form of heat, to proceed. Endothermic processes include the combustion of fuels, the dissolution of salts, and the neutralisation of acids and bases.
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Assertion: Hydrogen is not used as fuel even though it has high calorific value.
Reason: Combustion of hydrogen is explosion.
Hydrogen has a high calorific value, meaning that it can produce a lot of energy when burned.
What is high calorific value?
High calorific value (HCV) is the amount of energy released when a fuel is burned. It is measured in joules or kilojoules per kilogram of fuel, and is used to compare different types of fuel. HCV is important, because it helps to determine the efficiency of a fuel, as well as its cost effectiveness. The higher the HCV, the more energy a fuel will produce from a given amount, making it cost effective and efficient. Different fuels have different HCV values, and the higher the HCV, the more efficient the fuel is.
However, it is not used as a fuel due to its explosive nature. When hydrogen combusts, it produces large amounts of heat and light in a very short period of time. This can cause an explosion if the reaction is not properly controlled. Therefore, hydrogen is not used as a fuel in most applications due to safety concerns.
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Write a diary entry describing a typical day in your life without an ozone layer. Your diary entry should demonstrate that you understand the role of the ozone layer and the many struggles that our world would face. Be prepared to read your diary entry to your group tomorrow. At least one entry per group will be presented to the class.
The chemical name for ozone is O3, and it is a unique type of oxygen. We breathe O2, and O2 is essential to life on Earth.
What is the ozone?The existence of ozone, despite making up a relatively minor portion of our atmosphere, is essential to human health. Between 10 and 40 kilometers above Earth's surface, where the majority of ozone is found, is the upper atmosphere. Ninety percent of the ozone in the atmosphere is found in this region, which is known as the stratosphere.The sun's biologically hazardous UV light is partially absorbed by ozone in the stratosphere. Stratospheric ozone is known as "good" ozone because of this advantageous role.For more information on ozone kindly visit to
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a chemist Burns 100.0g chromium (Cr) in Excess oxygen (O). There is only one product, and it has a mass of 192.31g. what is the empirical formula of the product? Burning is a reaction with oxygen. Since there is only one product, it must have both Cr and O. We started with 100.0g CR. Anything over 100.0g must be O that was added. What is the mass of O?
Answer:
CrO3.
Explanation:
The mass of O in the product can be calculated as follows:
Mass of product - mass of Cr = mass of O
192.31 g - 100.0 g = 92.31 g
Next, we'll calculate the number of moles of Cr and O in the product:
Moles of Cr = mass of Cr / molar mass of Cr = 100.0 g / 51.996 g/mol = 1.922 mol
Moles of O = mass of O / molar mass of O = 92.31 g / 15.999 g/mol = 5.77 mol
Finally, we'll divide each mole by the smallest number of moles, which is 1.922 mol:
Moles of Cr / 1.922 = 1.000 mol
Moles of O / 1.922 = 3.000 mol
So, the empirical formula of the product is CrO3.
What percent of Mg(PO4)2•4H2O is water?
The percent of water in Mg(PO₄)₂•4H₂O is 27.4%. including as a compost for plants, in the creation of pottery, and as a food added substance.
Evaluating :The molar mass of Mg(PO₄)₂•4H₂O is:
24.31 g/mol (Mg) + 2 x 30.97 g/mol (P) + 8 x 16.00 g/mol (O) + 4 x (2.02 g/mol (H) + 16.00 g/mol (O))
= 262.86 g/mol
The mass of water in one mole of Mg(PO₄)₂•4H₂O is 4 x 18.02 g/mol
= 72.08 g/mol.
The percent of water in Mg(PO₄)₂•4H₂O is:
(72.08 g/mol / 262.86 g/mol) x 100%
= 27.4%
Therefore, the percent of water in Mg(PO₄)₂•4H₂O is 27.4%.
What is Mg(PO₄)₂•4H₂O?Mg(PO₄)₂•4H₂O is a synthetic compound made out of magnesium particles (Mg₂+) and phosphate particles (PO₄³⁻) in a 1:2 proportion, as well as four particles of water (H₂O) that are artificially bound to the compound.
How is Mg(PO₄)₂•4H₂O utilized?Mg(PO₄)₂•4H₂O is utilized in different modern applications, including as a compost for plants, in the creation of pottery, and as a food added substance. It is additionally utilized in the readiness of magnesium-based materials for biomedical applications.
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If the combined mass of the tpmt substrate and cofactor was determined before the enzymatically catalyzed reaction and then compared to the combined mass of the product and the cofactor after the reaction, the net change in molecular weight will be:
The net change in molecular weight would depend on the specific enzymatically catalyzed reaction and the substrates and products involved.
The Net Change in Molecular Weight During Enzymatic CatalysisEnzymatic catalysis involves the conversion of a substrate into one or more products. The net change in molecular weight during the reaction can vary depending on the specific reaction and the molecules involved. If the combined mass of the substrate and cofactor is determined before the reaction and compared to the combined mass of the product and cofactor after the reaction, the net change in molecular weight can be positive, negative, or zero. This is because the reaction may involve the addition or removal of atoms, groups of atoms, or functional groups. In some cases, the product may be larger than the substrate, resulting in a positive net change in molecular weight. In other cases, the product may be smaller than the substrate, resulting in a negative net change. Finally, some reactions may result in no net change in molecular weight, indicating that the reaction involved only the rearrangement of atoms without any addition or removal. Overall, the net change in molecular weight during enzymatic catalysis is dependent on the specific reaction and the molecules involved.
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How many moles of oxygen are formed when 58.6 g of KNO3 decomposes according to the following reaction? The molar mass of KNO3 is 101.11 g/mol. 4 KNO3(s) → 2 K2O(s) + 2 N2(g) + 5 O2(g) A) 0.290 mol O2 B) 0.580 mol O2 C) 18.5 mol O2 D) 0.724 mol O2 E) 1.73 mol O2
Using stoichiometry and the balanced chemical equation, 58.6 g of KNO3 produces 0.724 mol of O2, as 4 moles of KNO3 produce 5 moles of O2. The answer is D.
To determine the number of moles of oxygen formed when 58.6 g of KNO3 decomposes, we need to use stoichiometry and the balanced chemical equation provided.
From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that 4 moles of KNO3 produce 5 moles of O2. Therefore, we can use a proportion to find the number of moles of O2 produced when 58.6 g of KNO3 decomposes:
(5 mol O2 / 4 mol KNO3) = (x mol O2 / 58.6 g KNO3)
Solving for x, the number of moles of O2 produced, we get:
x = (5/4) * (58.6 g KNO3 / 101.11 g/mol)
= 0.725 mol O2
Rounding to the appropriate number of significant figures, we get 0.724 mol O2, which corresponds to option (D). Therefore, the answer is D) 0.724 mol O2.
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What kind of reaction is demonstrated in the picture below?
A) Combustio
B) Decomposition
C) Replacement
D) Synthesis
Answer: C; Replacement
Explanation: In chemistry there is an activity series which shows that some elements are allowed to replace the space of others. This is the scenario represented in this picture.
The crystallization step of recrystallization removes which category of impurities? (within the crystal lattice or on the surface of the solid )The washing step of recrystallization removes which category of impurities? (within the crystal lattice or on the surface of the solid )
combination of the crystallization and washing steps in recrystallization can lead to a significant improvement in the purity of a solid compound.
The crystallization step of recrystallization removes impurities that are within the crystal lattice of the solid.
Recrystallization is a technique used to purify solid compounds that are contaminated with impurities. In this process, the solid compound is dissolved in a hot solvent, and the solution is allowed to cool slowly, which causes the compound to crystallize out of the solution. During this process, the impurities that are present in the compound are excluded from the growing crystals, as they cannot fit properly into the crystal lattice.
The washing step of recrystallization removes impurities that are on the surface of the solid. After the crystals have formed, they are typically washed with a small amount of a cold solvent, which helps to remove any remaining impurities that may be present on the surface of the crystals. This is done to further purify the crystals, as any impurities that are left on the surface of the crystals can affect their properties and purity.
Overall, the combination of the crystallization and washing steps in recrystallization can lead to a significant improvement in the purity of a solid compound.
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How does the amount of rain
affect the number of worms on
the sidewalk?
On the surface, they have a lot more mobility.
Earthworms must remain moist, which is an issue.
Usually, if they were above ground, they would start to dehydrate. However, when it rains, the surface is sufficiently damp for worms to survive and maintain their moisture levels.
Answer:
worms like to bury tunnels underground, so when they hear the 'pit pat' of the rain, they try to go closer to the rain so that they can make better tunnels faster.
My opinion is that all animals have feelings, depending on the size of their brain. You might think this is hilarious but, I think worms know that rain can help them move faster to make tunnels, but since they have such a small brain, they think they should make tunnels above ground where water is soaking.
Explanation:
Have you ever seen a worm in puddles? Well, its because they think its easier to build in water. Its hilarious I know.
I hope this helped!
An atom of an element contains 4 electrons, 4 protons and 6 neutrons. In which group of the Periodic Table is this element placed?
the element is in group 2
a doctor orders 120. ml of 4 % (m/v) ibuprofen. if you have 10. % (m/v) ibuprofen on hand, how many milliliters do you need? express the volume to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
When we have 10% (m/v) ibuprofen on hand, we have to add 48ml of 10% (m/v) solution.
Lets say, we need 'x' ml of ibuprofen
the molecular weight of ibuprofen = 206.29 g/mol
now we know 4%(m/v) ibuprofen means 100ml of the total solution contains 4g of ibuprofen = 4g/206.29g/mol
= [tex]\frac{4}{206.29}[/tex]mol of ibuprofen
100 ml contains = [tex]\frac{4}{206.29}[/tex]mol
therefore 120 ml contains = = [tex]\frac{4}{206.29}[/tex] x 120 mol........(1)
10% (m/v) means 100ml contains mol
therefore we know 'x' ml is
10/206.29 × x mol........(ii)
we can say that (i) = (ii)
so we get,
120×4 = 10x
10x = 480
x = 48
so now we have to add 48ml of 10% (m/v) solution.
S₁×v₁ = S₂v₂
∴4 × 120 = 8 × v₂
v₂ = 48
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What components must be present in the atmosphere to create photochemical smog in addition to volatile organic compounds VOCs?
To create photochemical smog, in addition to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is required. The combination of these two groups of pollutants can lead to the formation of ground-level ozone and other harmful secondary pollutants.
In addition to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is required to create photochemical smog. NOx is a term used to describe the family of nitrogen oxides, which include nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), both of which are produced mainly from vehicle emissions, industrial processes, and combustion of fossil fuels.
When VOCs and NOx are emitted into the atmosphere and are exposed to sunlight, a series of complex photochemical reactions occur. This can result in the formation of ground-level ozone, a key component of photochemical smog, as well as other harmful secondary pollutants such as peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and aldehydes.
Therefore, to create photochemical smog, the presence of both VOCs and NOx is necessary.
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based on the information from the periodic table, which mistake did darrell make on his diagram? a nitrogen should have six electrons instead of seven. b nitrogen should have eight protons instead of six. c nitrogen should have seven protons instead of six. d nitrogen should have eight electrons instead of seven.
Nitrogen is 7th element in periodic table. It contains 7 electrons and 7 protons .Hence, nitrogen should have seven protons instead of six.
What is nitrogen ?Nitrogen is 7th element in periodic table. It is located in the 15th group of p -block in periodic table. Nitrogen exists in the gaseous state thus it is a non-metallic element.
The atomic number of an element is the number of electrons in its atom in the neutral state. For a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons of the atom.
Hence, nitrogen has the atomic number of 7 implies it contains 7 electrons and 7 protons. Therefore, nitrogen should have seven protons instead of six.
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the reaction of 3.30 g of aluminum with excess of hcl produced 10.5 g of alcl3. what is the percent yield for the alcl3?
The reaction of 3.30 g of aluminum with excess of hcl produced 10.5 g of alcl3.Percent yield of AlCl3 is [tex]13.0[/tex]%
Theoretical yield is the amount of product that is expected to be produced during a chemical reaction, based on the amount of reactants used. It is calculated by using the balanced equation of the reaction and the amount of reactants used. The theoretical yield is usually expressed in moles or grams.
Theoretical yield of AlCl3
[tex]3.30 g Al * \frac{1 mol Al}{26.982 g Al }*\frac{3 mol AlCl3}{1 mol Al }\\\\= 0.608 mol AlCl3[/tex]
Theoretical yield of AlCl3
[tex]= 0.608 mol AlCl3 *\frac{133.34 g AlCl3}{1 mol AlCl3 }\\= 81.1 g AlCl3[/tex]
A chemical reaction's efficiency is gauged by its percent yield.It is calculated by dividing the actual yield of a reaction by the theoretical yield and multiplying it by 100. The theoretical yield is the amount of product that would be produced if all the reactants were completely converted to products.
Percent yield of AlCl3 =[tex]\frac{ Actual yield}{Theoretical yield}* 100%[/tex]%
= [tex]\frac{10.5 g AlCl3}{81.1 g AlCl3}*[/tex] 100%
= [tex]13.0[/tex]%
Therefore,Percent yield of AlCl3 is [tex]13.0[/tex]%
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an electrocyclic reaction is an intramolecular reaction in which a new σ bond is formed between the ends of a conjugated π system. the concerted electron shifts result in a highly stereoselective product. the configuration of the product depends on whether it is a thermal reaction or a photochemical reaction.
an electrocyclic reaction is an intramolecular reaction in which a new σ bond is formed between the ends of a conjugated π system. the concerted electron shifts result in a highly stereoselective product. the configuration of the product depends on thermal reaction.
An electrocyclic reaction is indeed an intramolecular reaction in which a new σ bond is formed between the ends of a conjugated π system. This reaction is concerted, meaning that it occurs in a single step without any intermediate species.
The stereochemistry of the product formed depends on whether it is a thermal reaction or a photochemical reaction. In thermal electrocyclic reactions, the product has the same stereochemistry as the starting material. In contrast, in photochemical electrocyclic reactions, the product has the opposite stereochemistry to the starting material. This is known as the Woodward-Hoffmann rule, which states that the stereochemistry of the product is controlled by the symmetry of the transition state involved in the reaction.
It's also worth noting that electrocyclic reactions are highly stereoselective, meaning that they generally lead to a single stereoisomer of the product. This is due to the concerted nature of the reaction and the requirement for symmetry in the transition state.
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Convert 2.55 moles of calcium chloride to grams. CaCl2
Answer:
282.999g
Explanation:
2.55moles times the molar mass of CaCl2
CaCl2= 40.08+35.45(2)=110.98
2.55 moles times 110.98g/1mol
=282.999g CaCl2
The voltage produced by the colorimeter is __________ to the absorbance of the sample and ____________ to the light intensity.
A) Directly proportional, indirectly proportional
B) Directly proportional, directly proportional
C) Indirectly proportional, indirectly proportional
D) Indirectly proportional, directly proportional
E) None of the above
The voltage produced by the colorimeter is __________ to the absorbance of the sample and ____________ to the light intensity.
E) None of the above
Relation between transmittance and absorbance is as follows.
Therefore we know that the amount of light that passes through a solution is known as transmittance.
It can be expressed as follows;
T= [tex]\frac{I_{t} }{I_{0} }[/tex]
Now we know that, I, is the intensity of transmitted light.
I is the initial intensity of light beam.
Then the colorimeter produces an output voltage which is linearly varies with transmittance that is light intensity.
Relation between absorbance and transmittance is as follows:
A = log ([tex]\frac{I}{T}[/tex])
The reciprocal of transmittance of the sample varies logarithmically varies with absorption.
Therefore, we can say that the voltage produced by the colorimeter is varies logarithmically reciprocal to the absorbance of the sample and linear to the light intensity.
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Determine the vapor pressure (in torr) of a substance at 36°C, whose normal boiling point is 84°C and has a ΔHvap of 22.1 kJ/mol.
The vapor pressure (in torr) of the substance at 36°C is 7.11 torr.
What is vapor pressure?Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency of a liquid or solid to evaporate into a gas. It is the pressure of the gaseous form of a chemical that is in equilibrium with its liquid or solid form at a certain temperature.
The vapor pressure (in torr) of a substance at 36°C can be determined by using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which states that the change in vapor pressure (ΔP) is equal to the enthalpy of vaporization (ΔHvap) divided by the ideal-gas constant (R) multiplied by the absolute temperature (T) and the natural logarithm of the ratio of the vapor pressure at the boiling point (Pb) divided by the vapor pressure at the current temperature (P).
Therefore, the vapor pressure of the substance at 36°C can be calculated as follows:
ΔP = (ΔHvap/R) * (T/ln(Pb/P))
ΔP = (22.1 kJ/mol/8.314 J/mol/K) * (309.15 K/ln(Pb/P))
ΔP = 2.68 * (309.15 K/ln(Pb/P))
P = Pb/e^(2.68 * (309.15 K/T))
P = 101.3 torr/e^(2.68 * (309.15 K/309.15 K))
P = 101.3 torr/e^2.68
P = 101.3 torr/14.24
P = 7.11 torr
Therefore, the vapor pressure (in torr) of the substance at 36°C is 7.11 torr.
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A Hair product requires you to combine 20.0 mL of hydrogen peroxide with enough water to produce a solution
with a total volume of 120.0 mL. Determine the percent by volume concentration of the solution?
Answer:
Explanation:
The volume of water needed to make a 120.0 mL solution can be calculated by subtracting the volume of hydrogen peroxide from the total volume:
The volume of water = Total volume - Volume of hydrogen peroxide
= 120.0 mL - 20.0 mL
= 100.0 mL
The percent by-volume concentration of the solution can be calculated as follows:
The percent by volume = (Volume of hydrogen peroxide / Total volume) * 100
= (20.0 mL / 120.0 mL) * 100
= 16.67%
So, the solution has a concentration of 16.67% hydrogen peroxide by volume.
if the sodium carbonate used for the standardization of hcl was not anhydrous but rather contained some water of hydration explain how this would affect the calculated moalrity of the hcl
The presence of water of hydration in sodium carbonate used for standardizing hydrochloric acid can lead to a lower calculated molarity of the HCl.
This is because water molecules can react with the HCl during the titration process, consuming some of the HCl that would otherwise be available to react with the sodium carbonate.
If the sodium carbonate used in the titration contains water of hydration, the mass of the substance used will be greater than if it was anhydrous, which can lead to an overestimate of the amount of acid required for complete neutralization. This would result in a lower calculated molarity of the HCl.
Additionally, the water of hydration can affect the stoichiometry of the reaction between HCl and Na2CO3, leading to a lower number of moles of HCl consumed per mole of Na2CO3. This would also result in a lower calculated molarity of the HCl.
Therefore, it is important to use anhydrous sodium carbonate when standardizing HCl to ensure accurate and precise results.
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What structural fragment will give rise to the characteristic triplet-quartet pattern in the 1H NMR spectrum?
The structural fragment that will give rise to this pattern is a -CH2- group that is flanked by two sets of protons.
The characteristic triplet-quartet pattern in the 1H NMR spectrum is typically observed when a proton is coupled to a group of three adjacent protons (a quartet) and a group of two adjacent protons (a triplet) on the same or neighboring carbon atoms. This coupling pattern is known as a "splitting pattern" and is the result of the spin-spin coupling between the neighboring protons.
The quartet arises from the coupling of the proton on the -CH2- group with the three adjacent protons on one side, and the triplet arises from the coupling of the same proton with the two adjacent protons on the other side. The coupling constants for the quartet and triplet depend on the strength of the spin-spin coupling between the protons and the relaxation time of the nuclei involved.
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What are the four main types of chemical reactions?
Answer:
synthesis, decomposition redox
Explanation:
Answer:
The four main types of chemical reactions are synthesis, decomposition, exchange (single replacement), and reduction-oxidation (redox).
Explanation:
you have a substance that turns violet when biuret is added, black when iodine is added, no change with benedict's reagent, and leaves no oily spot on a brown paper bag. given the above information, what csn conclude about this substance?
From the observations we can conclude that the substance contains protein and starch.
The different observations are given below:
Biuret - Violet (Violet color represents +ve for proteins)
Iodine - Black (Black color represents +ve for starch)
Benedicts - no change ( No change in color represent -ve due to absent of reducing sugar)
Sudan VI- (-ve as there is not lipid)
So, these results strongly suggest that substance is having protein and starch and showing positive test for these macromolecules in the sample as violet color for in biuret test and black while using iodine.
Therefore, assuming all the observations we can conclude that the substance contains protein and starch.
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