Alzheimer's which involves severe impairment of memory as part of a loss of intellect and personality, is most closely associated with the deterioration of ; acetylcholine producing neurons.
As far as dementia goes, Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent. The disease is gradual, starting with mild memory loss and potentially progressing to the loss of communication and environmental awareness. The brain regions that are responsible for thought, memory, and language are affected by Alzheimer's disease. Age-related changes in the brain as well as genetic, environmental, and lifestyle variables are likely contributing factors. There are less acetylcholine molecules in the brains of those who have Alzheimer's disease. Acetylcholine aids in the communication between certain nerve cells. Some of the acetylcholine-using nerve cells are also lost as a result of Alzheimer's disease.learn more about Alzheimer's here: https://brainly.com/question/18406872
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The diseases caused by aspergillus species are considered opportunistic. which of the groups listed here would be most likely to become infected with aspergillus?
AIDS patients would be most likely to be infected with aspergillus.
Aspergillus:The majority of persons who get this ailment do so by inhaling mold spores. Spores can also enter the body through a cut or open wound, but this happens less frequently. People with cystic fibrosis or asthma are more likely to develop allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
Other than your lungs, Aspergillus can infiltrate other parts of your body, like your sinuses. The fungus in your sinuses might result in a stuffy nose and occasionally discharge that may contain blood. There may also be fever, face pain, and headache.
The fungus can develop on dead leaves, grain that has been kept, compost piles, or other rotting vegetation. Additionally, it is present on marijuana leaves. Despite the fact that aspergillus is something to which most people are frequently exposed, aspergillus infections in immune-suppressed individuals are quite uncommon.
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Which of the following are true about cells?
choose 2 answers:
1. cells of unicellular organisms come from other cells,but cells in multicellular organisms do not.
2. Cells come from other cells through the process of cell division.
3. Existing cells are required for new cells to form.
2. Cells come from other cells through the process of cell division.
3. Existing cells are required for new cells to form.
Cells come from other cells through the process of cell division and Existing cells are required for new cells to form are true about cell.
what is cell ?Cells are the basic unit of life, an organism to the cellular level, the smallest independent component that we would find would be the cell.
The fluidic part of Each cell contains cytoplasm, which is enclosed by a membrane, cytoplasm are several biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.
Cells are the lowest level of organization, From organism to organism, the count of cells may vary. Humans have more number of cells compared to that of bacteria.
Cells comprise several cell organelles that perform specialised functions to carry out life processes. Every organelle has a specific structure. The hereditary material of the organisms is also present in the cells.
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Streams that disappear into sinkholes are a sure sign of karst land.
Select one:
True
False
Answer:
Explanation:
true
When blood is drawn from a blood vessel in your arm, it is dark red. This color indicates that the blood was?
When blood is drawn from a blood vessel in your arm, it is dark red. This color indicates that the blood was taken from the vein.
Why was my blood so dark when drawn?
Hemoglobin, a protein found in blood cells that enables the delivery of oxygen throughout the body, contains iron, which gives human blood its red color. However, the amount of oxygen in the blood affects the hue. Blood that contains a lot of oxygen will appear bright red. If blood is drawn from an artery that transports blood from the lungs to the rest of the body, this is typical.
Deoxygenated blood is contained in the veins, which carry blood back to the lungs from the body. Based on the light wavelengths they reflect, chemicals appear to our eyes in specific colors. As blue-green light is absorbed by hemoglobin attached to oxygen, red-orange light is reflected into our eyes, giving the appearance of redness. Because of this, when oxygen attaches to iron in the blood, the color turns brilliant cherry red. Blood is a deeper shade of red when it is not coupled to oxygen.
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What is a potential outcome if one of your father's gametes did not go through meiosis correctly and one of the chromosomes did not separate correctly?
In this case, you will inherit a normal amount of genetic material from your mother but inherited an extra chromosome from your father.
Chromosome number anomalies are the easiest chromosomal illnesses to diagnose from a karyogram. Chromosome number disorders include alterations in the number of full sets of chromosomes as well as the duplication or deletion of entire chromosomes.
Nondisjunction, which happens when sister chromatids or homologous pairs of chromosomes fail to split during meiosis, is what causes them. The parent's age raises the likelihood of nondisjunction.
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In a bacteria, a subunit of RNA polymerase called ____ recognizes-10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
In a bacteria, a subunit of RNA polymerase called α subunit recognizes-10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
What is RNA polymerase?RNA polymerase is defined as the type of enzyme found in Ribonucleic acid bacterias which helps in copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence.
The RNA polymerase are also known as the main enzyme for transcription in bacteria.
The subunits of RNA polymerase enzyme include the alpha subunit.
The alpha subunit is known to be able to recognise 10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
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A researcher most likely prepared two versions of a survey with different question sequencing to address the issue of
A researcher most likely prepared two versions of a survey with different question sequencing to address the issue of question order.
What is a science question?A science question is any type of research inquiry that is used to provide a plausible explanation (hypothesis) which is tested by using the scientific method.
The scientific method is a series of steps by which experimental and/or observational evidence is collected to answer a given question.
In conclusion, a researcher most likely prepared two versions of a survey with different question sequencing to address the issue of question order.
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In master production scheduling, what does available-to-promise (atp) inventory represent?
The available to promise (ATP) inventory represents the difference between the orders that are already booked by the customers and the products that the company is going to produce.
What is the master production schedule?The process of planning by the manufacturers about the type of products to be produced and their quantity during a particular period. It helps in planning the process of production by providing the production team with a clear goal and understanding.
It also helps to plan the purchases needed to be made that are required by the production team for manufacturing. Thus it also determines the investment required for the mentioned purchases.
Hence the master production schedule is the very link by which the sales department and manufacturing department communicate with each other. The Master production schedule is, therefore, a kind of contract between the sales and manufacturing departments where the sales department has made promises which are to be kept by the production department.
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When b cell receptors are brought close enough together to cause b cells to be activated, the brcs are said to be:_____.
When B cell receptors are brought close enough together to cause B cells to be activated, the BRCs are said to be Crosslinked.
What are B cell receptors?
The B cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. A B cell receptor is composed of a membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule and a signal transduction moiety. The former forms a type 1 transmembrane receptor protein, and is typically located on the outer surface of these lymphocyte cells. Through biochemical signalling and by physically acquiring antigens from the immune synapses, the BCR controls the activation of the B cell. B cells are able to gather and grab antigens by engaging biochemical modules for receptor clustering, cell spreading, generation of pulling forces, and receptor transport, which eventually culminates in endocytosis and antigen presentation. B cells' mechanical activity adheres to a pattern of negative and positive feedbacks that regulate the quantity of removed antigen by manipulating the dynamic of BCR–antigen bonds directly. Particularly, grouping and spreading increase the relation of antigen with BCR, thereby proving sensitivity and amplification. On the other hand, pulling forces delinks the antigen from the BCR, thus testing the quality of antigen binding.To learn more about B cell receptor: https://brainly.com/question/15076966
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If mark has 88 apples 31 bananas 41 oranges what percent of marks fruit is yellow
Answer:
19.375%
Explanation:
88+31+41=160
31/160=0.19375
0.19375=19.375%
Answer:
19.375%
Explanation:
Adding up all of the fruits: 88 + 31 + 41 = 160
Dividing the bananas (yellow fruits) by all fruits: 31/160 = 0.19375 = 19.375%
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Citrate can react asymmetrically in the citric acid cycle because the enzyme aconitase?
The asymmetric binding of citrate by the enzyme aconitase allows for asymmetric reactions of citrate in the citric acid cycle(TCA).
How does citrate behave during the TCA cycle?
Citrate synthase uses oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA to create citrate in the Krebs cycle (CS). Citrate carrier allows for its export from the mitochondria (CIC). ACLY converts cytosolic citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. Fatty acid production can employ acetyl-CoA as a substrate.
What does the aconitase enzyme do?
Aconitase, also known as aconitate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.3), is an enzyme that catalyzes the non-redox-active process of stereo-specific conversion of citric acid(citrate) to isocitrate in the acid ( TCA ) cycle using cis-aconitate.
Therefore, option A is the correct choice.
Original question:
Citrate can react asymmetrically in the citric acid cycle because the enzyme aconitase
A) binds citrate asymmetrically.
B) binds either form of citrate.
C) binds both forms of isocitrate.
D) does not distinguish the -CH2COO- group.
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A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as?
A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as classical conditioning.
In classical conditioning, a stimulus gains the ability to elicit a response that was first elicited by another stimulus. Almost by accident, Pavlov made this type of learning discovery while studying the canine digestive system.
He had surgically inserted a tube into a dog's salivary gland, which was used to collect the saliva the dog made after being given food powder to chew on. Before they were given food, several of Pavlov's dogs started to salivate.
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Why is it important to maintain the ph of blood and tissue fluids within normal limits? check all that apply
Enzymatic and other proteinic activity is limited by pH. 2) Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways. 3) The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent.
How does the pH levels affect enzymes and proteins?
Enzymes, like all proteins, are polypeptidic molecules.
They need to get an accurate tridimensional structure to accomplish their function.
There is a limit of temperature and pH level at which they lose that structure and denaturalize.
pH changes
The most accurate configuration for the best catalytic performance depends on the charge of the lateral chains and the environmental pH.
Enzymes have ionizable chemical groups in the lateral chains of their amino acids.
Depending on the environmental pH, these groups will have a positive, negative, or neutral charge.
There is an optimum pH level at which enzymes get the best configuration to accomplish their functions.
Most enzymes are sensitive to any change in pH, which might drastically affect their activity. So every enzyme has its optimum pH level, and any slight deviations will cause the enzyme denaturalization, hence, its activity loss.
Whenever the enzyme loses its configuration, and hence, its function, the whole pathway in which it is involved is interrupted.
Options 2 and 3 are correct.
Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways. The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent.You can learn more about enzymes and pH at
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Why is it important to maintain the ph of blood and tissue fluids within normal limits? check all that apply
Most enzymes require an acidic pH to function properly. Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways. The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent. Hormones require a blood pH of at least 77 to function, A drop in blood pH causes dehydrationThe pH balance plays an important role in the chemical makeup of the human body.
REASONS :
A pH balance simply means that the acid-base balance in the body is generally maintained. The body needs to stay in homeostasis (a stable state) to function optimally.
1.Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways.
2. The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent.
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A characteristic of robertsonian translocation is that the tiny short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes are lost, but their dna sequences are _____.
A characteristic of Robertsonian translocation is that tiny short arm of the acrocentric chromosomes are lost but their DNA sequences are repeated elsewhere in the genome, so the loss does not cause symptoms
Robertsonian translocation is one in which, effectively, the whole of a chromosome is joined end to end with another chromosome.
This translocation can only happen in chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, because the ends of their short arms have similar repetitive DNA sequences that predispose to their fusion.
This kind of translocation can result in trisomy which ultimately causes disease conditions (for example, chromosome 21 trisomy causes Down syndrome).
In some cases, like the long arms of chromosomes 13 and 14 fuses, no significant genetic material is lost and the person can be normal in spite of the translocation.
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_____ waves have a long wavelength and do not possess sufficient energy to kill bacterial cells, while _____ waves have a short wavelength and can be used to sterilize a surface
Infrared waves have a long wavelength and do not possess sufficient energy to kill bacterial cells, while UV waves have a short wavelength and can be used to sterilize a surface.
When ultraviolet light, also known as ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, is released at its most effective wavelength of 253.7 nanometers (nm), it has the greatest ability to kill germs and render microbes inert (UVGI). When transmitted at wavelengths different than those recommended, germicidal efficacy declines. To efficiently deliver the appropriate amount of UV radiation for the desired application, high-quality UV sterilization lamps are crucial.By altering cell DNA, UV radiation sterilization efficiently renders bacteria inert. Because DNA is necessary for cell reproduction, damage to the DNA's structural integrity prevents cells from multiplying and causing disease. The cell absorbs the UV rays, resulting in the formation of pyrimidine dimers. Instead of bonding across the double helix, this causes two nearby thymine or cytosine bases to interact with one another.learn more about UV here: https://brainly.com/question/1377878
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Reproductive cloning results in __________ while therapeutic cloning results in ____________.
Reproductive cloning results in implanting the stem cells into the uterus while therapeutic cloning results in growing the stem cells in lab dishes.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is used in reproductive cloning to produce an animal that is genetically identical to a donor animal. In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced in a similar manner, but the "cloned" cells that are produced do not enter a female's uterus. Instead, they are left in a dish in the laboratory.By using somatic cell nuclear transfer, reproductive cloning produces an animal that is genetically identical to a donor animal. The freshly produced embryo is returned to the uterine environment during reproductive cloning so it can implant and develop. Perhaps the most famous example is Dolly the sheep.Producing a cloned embryo solely for the goal of making embryonic stem cells with the same DNA as the donor cell is known as therapeutic cloning.learn more about cloning here:
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Some flowers bloom in the spring while others bloom in the summer. This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.
Some flowers bloom in the spring while others bloom in the summer. This is an example of Prezygotic reproductive isolation.
Prezygotic barriers, which prevent cross-species mating or fertilisation, often have a more significant impact on overall reproductive isolation in plants than postzygotic barriers, which select against hybrid progeny. Prezygotic barriers typically evolve through adaptive divergence in response to ecological factors such as pollinators and habitat.
In studies, it is interesting to note that blooming time divergence is highest at the habitat boundary; this pattern suggests reinforcement, where selection against inadequate hybrids has increased prezygotic isolation. These case studies of sympatric and reinforcing speciation demonstrate their viability.
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List the pathway of an erythrocyte (red blood cell) from the right atrium to the aortic semilunar valve.
The brief pathway of blood through heart is as follows: Right atrium> SA node> Atrioventricular valves> Right ventricle> Semilunar valves.
What is the sequence of blood flow through heart?Coronary artery and the vena cava (superior and inferior) supply blood to the right atrium of the heart.From the right atrium, the blood passes through the tricuspid valve and moves to the right ventricle.From the right ventricle, it goes to the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary semilunar valves.From here, it moved to the lungs through pulmonary arteries (right and left).In lungs, the blood is oxygenated and then returned to the left atrium of the heart through pulmonary veins.Bicuspid valve is present between the left atrium and left ventricle.From left ventricle the blood moves to the aorta passing through the semilunar valves.Aorta is the largest artery carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of body.Learn more about human heart here:
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Differences between sexual vs asexual reproduction
Asexual:
One parent
Identical offspring
Less developed organism
Faster time period to produce
Sexual
Two parents
Unique offspring (genetic variation)
More complex organism
Slower time period to produce
What can be determined by exhaustive methylation of an oligosaccharide with ch3i followed by acid hydrolysis?
Methylation analysis and then hydrolysis are utilized to confirm the new oligosaccharide's glycosidic linkage information.
What is an oligosaccharide?
When two or more monosaccharides bind together via O-glycosidic bonds, oligosaccharides are formed.When compared to other, more prevalent carbohydrates, including those in the disaccharide group, oligosaccharides, or carbohydrates with between 3 and 10 single sugar residues, are not as prevalent in the diet.Examples of oligosaccharides: sucrose, lactose and maltose
What is Exhaustive methylation?Exhaustive methylation is the process of adding methyl groups to an alkyl ring until all methylations are complete. Extensive methylation transforms an amine into an alkylammonium salt prior to E2 elimination in the Hofmann elimination reaction sequence.To learn more about exhaustive methylation visit:
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A total of _____ amino acids compose the majority of protein in living things and nine are _____ to human
Most proteins in living organisms are composed of 40 amino acid residues in total, and nine of those are crucial for human health.
Which majority of amino acids make up proteins in living things?
Only twenty different amino acids, each with a distinct side chain, make up proteins. Different chemistries can be found in the side chains of amino acids. The majority of amino acids contain side chains that are nonpolar.There are nine essential amino acids: tryptophanvalineisoleucine leucinelysinemethionine phenylalanine threonine methionineWhat Constitutes Proteins?
Amino acids are the basic units of proteins. They are tiny chemical compounds with an alpha (central) carbon coupled to an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, hydrogens, and a changeable element known as a side chain. A protein is made up of a lengthy chain of amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds. The biological process that links the carboxyl unit of one amino acid towards the amino group of a nearby amino acid results in the extraction of a water molecule, forming peptide bonds. The main structure of a protein is thought to be its linear amino acid sequence.Learn more about amino acids here:
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The _____ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, breathing rate, and heart rate.
The thyroid gland secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, breathing rate, and heart rate.
The thyroid gland makes two hormones that it secretes into the bloodstream. One is called thyroxine ,this hormone contains four atoms of iodine and is often called T4. The other is called triiodothyronine, which contains three atoms of iodine and is often called T3. Activation of thyroxine (T4), to the active form, triiodothyronine (T3), by 5′-deiodinase type 2 (D2) is a key mechanism of TH regulation of metabolism. D2 is expressed in the hypothalamus, white fat, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle and is required for adaptive thermogenesis.
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The contribution of b-cells is mainly in:_______
a) humoral immunity.
b) phagocytosis.
c) inflammation.
d) complement activity.
e) cell-mediated immunity
The contribution of b-cells is mainly in Humoral immunity. Thus Option A is correct.
What is immune system?
Two types of immunity such as innate immunity is an inbuilt nonspecific immune system protect us from all antigens.
Secondly, we have one more sophisticated adoptive immune system which is up two types humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity.
The adoptive response majorly done by two types of cells such as B and T cells.
This type of immune response use past experience identify a specific foreign threats and counteract them when these threats reappear.
The humoral immune system is activated by external macromolecules antibodies, antimicrobial peptides etc. and protect the extracellular spaces of body.
Hence, Option A is correct.
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Question 7: what conclusions can you make about how a change in the condition of the ocean affects the different species in coral reefs?
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Which microorganism is known for surviving in the phagolysosome to avoid host cell detection?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known for surviving in the phagolysosome to avoid host cell detection. Thus, option B is correct.
What is phagolysosome?A phagolysosome is a type of cytoplasmic body which is an union of phagosome and a lysosome. The interior is highly acidic and contain hydrolytic enzymes.
These enzymes digest and destroy the harmful microorganisms.
The mechanism of formation of Phagolysosome by phagocytosis is an immunological functions.
Although phagolysosome and phagosomes are membrane bound vesicles, primary difference is that phagolysosome is formed by the fusion of a phagosome with a lysosome where as phagosome is formed around the particles engulfed by a phagocytic cell.
Hence, option B is correct.
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Your question was incomplete. Hence the probable question was
Which microorganism is known for surviving in the phagolysosome to avoid host cell detection?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Mycoplasma sp.
D. micrococcus luteus
Hormone released by the duodenum in response to acids and lipids in the duodenum.
Secretin is a 27 amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by S cells of the duodenum in response to a pH between 2 and 4.5 (very acidic).
What is Secretin?Secretin is a 27 amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by S cells of the duodenum in response to a pH between 2 and 4.5. Upon reaching the duodenum, the chyme will be covered with pancreatic juice from the pancreas and with a pH close to 9 thanks to the presence of sodium bicarbonate.
What are the effects of secretin hormones?inhibiting gastric activity and activating the secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate by the pancreas, and of bicarbonate and bile salts by the liver.
With this information, we can conclude that Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions
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A member of the ________ has been implicated as having a role in obesity.
a. adenoviruses.
b. parvoviruses.
c. herpesviruses.
d. poxviruses.
e. both herpesviruses and poxviruses.
According to the research, the correct option is a. A member of the adenoviruses (a) has been implicated as having a role in obesity.
What are adenoviruses?They are pathogens that are characterized by not having an external cover and that cause respiratory and intestinal tract diseases.
An adenovirus called Adenovirus 36 is identified as one of the causes of obesity, this pathogen produces an accumulation of adipose tissue due to its high adipogenic activity, which simply implies that it promotes fat deposition and growth of adipose or fatty tissue.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is a. A member of the adenoviruses (a) has been implicated as having a role in obesity.
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A common adage is that it only takes one sperm to fertilize an egg. As an anatomy student. What would be your response?.
While only one sperm head enters the egg, thousands are needed to break through the egg's defenses.
Yes it takes only one sperm to fertilize the egg but it does take many sperms to break through the defenses of the egg to reach the egg.
Where do we observe fertilization occurring?It occurs in the ampullary part(Upper 3rd) of the Uterine Tube.
What is fertilization?Fertilization is a multi-step, intricate process that takes 24 hours to complete. The beginning of pregnancy and the start of a female's 280-day journey begin when male sperm and female ovum combine to form a zygote. There are two ways to monitor this procedure, and they vary depending on the day the counting starts.What constitutes fertilization's four steps?
There are four distinct mechanisms that make up the stages of fertilization:
Sperm preparation comes first, followed by sperm-egg recognition and binding.sperm-egg fusion.fusion of the pronuclei of the sperm and the egg. activation of the zygote.To learn more about fertilization visit:
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What are the internal membrane-bound compartments found in eukaryotic cells called?
The internal membrane-bound compartments found in eukaryotic cells called "organelles".
What is eukaryotic cells?Any cell or creature with a distinct nucleus is said to be a eukaryote. The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, which houses a very well chromosomes (bodies holding the genetic material), is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
Some key features of eukaryotic cells are-
Organelles such as mitochondria (cellular energy exchangers), the Golgi apparatus (a secretory device), the endoplasmic reticulum (a canal-like structure of membranes within the cell), and lysosomes are also present in eukaryotic cells (digestive apparatus within many cell types). A lack of mitochondria as well as a nucleus within red blood cells, as well as the absence or mitochondria inside the oxymonad species Monocercomonoides, are a few exceptions to this rule.It is estimated that eukaryotes emerged between 1.7 billion to 1.9 years ago. About 1.8 billion years ago, the earliest microfossils that resembled eukaryotic creatures were discovered. similar to prokaryoteTo know more about characteristics of eukaryotic organisms, here
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Quartz is an important mineral in mafic rocks like basalt and gabbro.
a. true
b. false
Quartz is an important mineral in mafic rocks like basalt and gabbro. The given statement is false.
What is mafic rocks?Mafic minerals and rocks are silicate minerals or igneous rocks that are high in magnesium and iron.
The majority of mafic minerals are darker in color, and some of the most common rock-forming mafic minerals are olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Basalt, diabase, and gabbro are examples of common mafic rocks.
In geology, mafic rock is an igneous rock monopolized by the silicates pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, and mica.
These minerals are rich in magnesium and ferric oxides and contribute to the dark color of mafic rock.
Thus, the given statement is false.
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