The rocky mountains to the west is not an important component of what makes the Midwest productive for tornadoes.
Tornadoes in the Midwest are primarily influenced by the clash of contrasting air masses, which create favorable conditions for their formation. Warm moist air from the Gulf of Mexico (option a) is a crucial component that provides the necessary moisture and instability. This warm, moist air rises and interacts with other air masses, leading to the development of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes.
Cold dry air from the north (option b) plays a significant role in tornado formation as well. This cold air mass, often originating from the Arctic or Canada, clashes with the warm, moist air from the south. The contrasting temperatures and moisture content create instability and enhance the likelihood of severe weather events, including tornadoes.
Warm dry air from the southwest (option c) also contributes to the conditions conducive to tornado development. This air mass, known as the dryline, separates moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and dry air from the southwestern United States. The convergence and interaction of these air masses along the dryline can trigger the formation of powerful thunderstorms and tornadoes.
The rocky mountains to the west (option d) do not directly play a significant role in tornado formation in the Midwest. While the mountains can influence local weather patterns and act as a barrier to airflow, they are not considered a crucial component for the production of tornadoes in the Midwest. The main factors contributing to tornado development in the region are the clash of air masses mentioned above rather than the presence of the Rocky Mountains.
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examine the words and/or phrases below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. choose the option which does not fit the pattern. -cirque -calving -zone of wastage -melting
The correct option is B. calving. The given words/phrases, cirque, calving, zone of wastage, and melting are all related to the phenomenon of glaciers. The option that does not fit the pattern is "calving"
A glacier is a huge sheet of ice that moves gradually and continuously, covering a large area of land. They are formed by the accumulation of snow over several years, which compacts under its weight, producing ice. The given words/phrases are related to the terminologies associated with glaciers: Melting is the process of ice turning into liquid form due to the warmth of the sun.
A Cirque is a bowl-shaped area in a mountain that is caused by glacial erosion. The zone of wastage is the part of a glacier that receives less snow than it loses in the summer melting season. It is characterized by a decline in glacier length due to a lack of snow accumulation. Calving is a phenomenon where huge chunks of ice break off from the glacier’s edge and fall into the water. However, calving is related to the terminologies of ice sheets rather than glaciers.
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Why do coastal areas flood when tropical cyclones make landfall? (Mark all that apply).
Large amounts of precipitation
Tsunami's
Storm surge
Coastal areas flood when tropical cyclones make landfall because of large amounts of precipitation and storm surges.
Large amounts of precipitation:
Tropical cyclones are associated with heavy rainfall. When a tropical cyclone makes landfall, it can bring significant amounts of precipitation over a short period. The intense rainfall can overwhelm the local drainage systems and cause rivers, streams, and other water bodies to overflow, resulting in flooding in coastal areas.
Storm surge:
A storm surge is a rise in sea level caused by the low atmospheric pressure and strong winds associated with a tropical cyclone. As a tropical cyclone moves toward the coast, it pushes a large mass of water toward the shore, causing the sea level to rise significantly above normal levels. When this surge of water reaches the coast, it can inundate low-lying coastal areas, leading to coastal flooding.
It's important to note that while tsunamis can cause coastal flooding, they are not directly associated with tropical cyclones. Tsunamis are typically triggered by seismic activity such as earthquakes or underwater landslides, and they have different causes and characteristics compared to tropical cyclones.
Therefore, tsunamis are not a direct cause of coastal flooding when tropical cyclones make landfall.
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the thailand shrimp farm in this photo was built in a mangrove wetland. overall, the ecosystem capital in this particular region has
The Thailand shrimp farm in the photo was built in a mangrove wetland. The ecosystem capital in the region has been negatively impacted by the establishment of the shrimp farm.
The establishment of shrimp farms in mangrove wetlands has had detrimental impacts on the environment. Mangrove wetlands provide numerous benefits to the ecosystem, such as carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and flood mitigation, among others. These wetlands are also the habitat for a variety of aquatic and terrestrial species that are vital to the ecosystem's health.
The construction of shrimp farms in mangrove wetlands has negative consequences on the environment. Clearing mangroves for shrimp farming has an adverse effect on the ecosystem by degrading the quality of the soil, altering the ecosystem's physical structure, and decreasing carbon sequestration potential. Soil erosion is a common problem associated with shrimp farming, which increases sedimentation in the surrounding water bodies, making them cloudy and less suitable for aquatic life, and damages seagrass beds, coral reefs, and other marine habitats.
Chemicals such as pesticides, fungicides, and antibiotics used to control the spread of diseases in the shrimp farms also enter the water bodies, causing harm to the environment and its inhabitants.In conclusion, the Thailand shrimp farm in the photo was built in a mangrove wetland, and its establishment has negatively impacted the ecosystem capital in the region. Although shrimp farming is a crucial industry, it must be implemented in a sustainable way that takes into account the environment's health and overall wellbeing.
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A008) Stratovolcanoes - Mt. Saint Helens, WA. Turn on the Mt. Saint Helens Volcanic Features overlay. Use the Ruler tool to determine the greatest distance (in km) affected by the lateral blast of the May 18, 1980 eruption 98-101 km
16-21 km
40-44 km
22-28 km
The greatest distance affected by the lateral blast of the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mt. Saint Helens was 40-44 km.
The eruption of Mount Saint Helens on May 18, 1980, was a catastrophic event that resulted in significant devastation over a wide area. The lateral blast was one of the most destructive aspects of the eruption. It was a powerful explosion that occurred when the north side of the volcano collapsed, releasing a massive amount of debris, ash, and gases.
The lateral blast of the eruption was a high-speed, ground-hugging cloud of hot gas, ash, and rock fragments that moved rapidly away from the volcano. It leveled forests, stripped trees of their branches, and caused widespread destruction in its path. The lateral blast traveled in multiple directions, with the most intense impact directed toward the north-northeast.
Using the Ruler tool and the Mt. Saint Helens Volcanic Features overlay, it has been determined that the greatest distance affected by the lateral blast of the May 18, 1980 eruption was between 40 and 44 km. This indicates the approximate range within which the devastating impact of the lateral blast extended from the volcano.
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7.18 Dry soil is characterized by € = 2.5, H = 1, and 0 = 10-4 (S/m). At each of the following frequencies, determine if dry soil may be considered a good conductor, a quasi-conductor, or a low-loss dielectric, and then calculate a. B. d. Mp, and ne (a) 60 Hz (b) 1 kHz (c) 1 MHz (d) 1 GHz
Dry soil can be considered a low-loss dielectric at all specified frequencies (60 Hz, 1 kHz, 1 MHz, and 1 GHz) based on the given parameters of € = 2.5, H = 1, and 0 = 10^(-4) S/m.
To determine the behavior of dry soil at different frequencies, we can use the following guidelines:
- Good conductor: When the conductivity (σ) of the material is very high, indicating efficient electron flow and low resistivity. Good conductors have low loss (ε") and high permittivity (ε') values.
- Quasi-conductor: When the conductivity is moderate, indicating some resistance to electron flow. Quasi-conductors have moderate loss (ε") and permittivity (ε') values.
- Low-loss dielectric: When the conductivity is very low, indicating high resistance to electron flow and high resistivity. Low-loss dielectrics have low loss (ε") and permittivity (ε') values.
Given the values € = 2.5, H = 1, and 0 = 10^(-4) S/m for dry soil, we can calculate the other parameters:
a) At 60 Hz:
Using the formulas: σ = € * 0, ε' = 0 / (2π * f * €), and ε" = σ / (2π * f), we find σ = 0.00025 S/m, ε' = 0, and ε" = 0.0000042.
Conclusion: Dry soil at 60 Hz can be considered a low-loss dielectric.
b) At 1 kHz:
Using the same formulas, we find σ = 0.00025 S/m, ε' = 0, and ε" = 0.0000042.
Conclusion: Dry soil at 1 kHz can be considered a low-loss dielectric.
c) At 1 MHz:
Using the same formulas, we find σ = 0.00025 S/m, ε' = 0, and ε" = 0.0000042.
Conclusion: Dry soil at 1 MHz can be considered a low-loss dielectric.
d) At 1 GHz:
Using the same formulas, we find σ = 0.00025 S/m, ε' = 0, and ε" = 0.0000042.
Conclusion: Dry soil at 1 GHz can be considered a low-loss dielectric.
In summary, based on the given parameters, dry soil can be considered a low-loss dielectric at all the specified frequencies (60 Hz, 1 kHz, 1 MHz, and 1 GHz).
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If the environmental temperature parallels a dry adiabat, a saturated parcel will be
Group of answer choices
Stable
Unstable
Cannot be determined In neutral equilibrium
If the environmental temperature parallels a dry adiabat, a saturated parcel of air would be unstable.
The dry adiabatic lapse rate is the rate at which the temperature of a rising or descending parcel of dry air changes with height. It is approximately 9.8°C per kilometer (or 5.5°F per 1000 feet).
When the environmental temperature profile matches the dry adiabatic lapse rate, it indicates that the surrounding air is undergoing adiabatic cooling or heating without any condensation or evaporation occurring.
In the case of a saturated parcel of air, it contains water vapor that can condense as it rises and cools. This condensation releases latent heat, which reduces the rate of cooling compared to the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
Therefore, if the environmental temperature parallels a dry adiabat, a saturated parcel of air would cool faster than the surrounding environment, making it less dense and prone to continue rising.
This creates an unstable situation, as the parcel of air will continue to rise until it reaches a level where its temperature matches the environmental temperature, or until other factors come into play.
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which situation is most-likely to have the highest dew point? group of answer choices san diego on a typical day san diego during a santa ana atlanta, georgia on a typical summer-day toronto, canada on a typical winter-d
Toronto, Canada on a typical winter day is most likely to have the highest dew point.
The dew point is a measure of the moisture content in the air and represents the temperature at which the air becomes saturated, leading to condensation and the formation of dew. In general, warmer air can hold more moisture than colder air, so environments with higher temperatures tend to have higher dew points. Among the given options, Toronto, Canada on a typical winter day is most likely to have the highest dew point. During winter in Toronto, temperatures are generally colder compared to the other locations. While it may seem counterintuitive, colder air in winter can still hold a significant amount of moisture, especially if there are sources of moisture like nearby bodies of water or if the air has originated from a region with higher humidity. This combination of colder temperatures and adequate moisture can lead to a relatively high dew point in Toronto during a typical winter day.
On the other hand, San Diego on a typical day, San Diego during a Santa Ana, and Atlanta, Georgia on a typical summer day are likely to have lower dew points compared to Toronto on a typical winter day. San Diego has a Mediterranean climate characterized by mild temperatures and low humidity. The Santa Ana winds, which are dry and warm winds blowing from the desert regions, exacerbate dry conditions and decrease the dew point in San Diego. Similarly, Atlanta, Georgia experiences a humid subtropical climate, but on a typical summer day, the dew point may still be lower compared to Toronto's winter conditions due to the relatively higher temperatures in Atlanta's summers.
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Intraplate earthquakes - new madrid, mo. what is the dominant trend/pattern of earthquakes in the central zone?
The dominant trend/pattern of earthquakes in the central zone of the New Madrid, MO, region is characterized by intraplate seismic activity.
What is the primary seismic activity observed in the central zone of the New Madrid, MO, region?The central zone of the New Madrid, MO, region experiences a dominant trend of intraplate earthquakes.
Intraplate earthquakes refer to seismic events that occur within the interior of tectonic plates, away from plate boundaries.
Unlike regions situated near plate boundaries, such as the Pacific Ring of Fire, the New Madrid seismic zone is located in the central part of the North American Plate.
The seismic activity in this region is believed to be associated with ancient faults buried beneath the surface.
These faults, known as reactivated rift zones, were formed during the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea approximately 500 million years ago.
The stresses and strains accumulated over time due to ongoing geological processes eventually lead to the release of energy in the form of earthquakes.
The New Madrid seismic zone gained prominence due to a series of powerful earthquakes that occurred in 1811-1812, causing significant damage across the region.
Although the frequency of large earthquakes has decreased since then, the area continues to experience occasional smaller seismic events.
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a planet of mass is a distance from earth. another planet of mass 2is a distance 2from earth. which force vector best represents the direction of the total gravitation force on earth?
The force vector that best represents the direction of the total gravitational force on Earth is towards the center of mass of the system of two planets.
According to Newton’s law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force of attraction between two point masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Mathematically, this is expressed as:
F = G(m1 m2 / r²)where F is the gravitational force of attraction between two masses, G is the gravitational constant, m1, and m2 are the masses of the two bodies, and r is the distance between the centers of the masses.
In the given problem, there are two planets of different masses, at different distances from the Earth. The force vector that represents the total gravitational force on Earth due to these two planets can be obtained by summing up the individual gravitational forces of the two planets on Earth. Since both planets are not in the same direction, the gravitational forces acting on the Earth are in different directions. Hence, to obtain the total gravitational force on Earth, we need to add the individual gravitational forces of the two planets using vector addition.
The force vector that best represents the direction of the total gravitational force on Earth is towards the center of mass of the system of two planets. This is because the total gravitational force on Earth due to the two planets is equal to the net gravitational force acting on a point mass located at the center of mass of the system of two planets. Therefore, the direction of the total gravitational force on Earth is towards the center of mass of the system of two planets.
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which action is the primary cause of air pollution?(1 point) responses the depletion of the ozone layer the depletion of the ozone layer the runoff of pesticides and fertilizer from farms the runoff of pesticides and fertilizer from farms the burning of fossil fuels the burning of fossil fuels the runoff of oil and chemicals during storms
The primary cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are extensively used for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes. When these fossil fuels are burned, they release pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to air pollution. These pollutants include carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter, among others.
The burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and global warming. It also releases nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, which are responsible for the formation of smog and acid rain. Additionally, the combustion of fossil fuels produces fine particles and harmful chemicals that can have detrimental effects on human health, leading to respiratory problems and other illnesses.
The widespread use of fossil fuels in various sectors, such as transportation and energy generation, has resulted in significant air pollution issues worldwide. Efforts are being made to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, such as renewable energy. These measures aim to mitigate the negative impacts of air pollution and address the environmental and health challenges associated with the burning of fossil fuels.
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air flows according to differences in thermal energy.if a warm air mass is located in the southwest united states and a cold air mass is located in the southeast united states, from which direction will the winds blow?responses
The winds will blow from the southwest to the southeast.
Air flows from regions of higher thermal energy (warmer air) to regions of lower thermal energy (colder air). In this scenario, with a warm air mass located in the southwest United States and a cold air mass located in the southeast United States, the temperature gradient between the two regions will create a pressure gradient. Warm air is less dense and exerts less pressure compared to cold air, which is denser and exerts higher pressure. As a result, the air will move from the southwest (where the warm air is) to the southeast (where the cold air is). Thus, the winds will blow from the southwest to the southeast.
This pattern of air flow is known as a thermal or temperature-driven wind. It occurs due to the uneven heating and cooling of Earth's surface, creating variations in temperature and pressure. The movement of air from high pressure to low pressure creates wind. In this case, the warm air mass in the southwest acts as a low-pressure system, and the cold air mass in the southeast acts as a high-pressure system. The air will flow from the low-pressure system (southwest) to the high-pressure system (southeast) to equalize the pressure. The resulting winds can have significant impacts on weather patterns, as the interaction between air masses of different temperatures influences cloud formation, precipitation, and atmospheric stability.
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in the sea otter example, sea otters prey on sea urchin. how did this effect the kelp population?
The effect of sea otters on kelp populations has been studied extensively. Researchers have found that when sea otters are present, sea urchin populations decline, and kelp, which sea urchins feed on, catches a much needed break from grazing.
The result is predictable: the presence of sea otters leads to an increase in the density and health of kelp forests, and an increase in productivity along with it. In addition to sea urchin grazing being reduced, research points to increased stability of the kelp forest against storms and other natural disturbances, thanks to the presence of the sea otters.
Not only do the sea otters themselves benefit from the increase in kelp, but an entire ecosystem is boosted out of the process, since the complex of kelp and sea otters are important for fish, marine mammals and countless other species.
Without the presence of the sea otter, kelp would be subject to ongoing grazing and may not ever be able to reach maturity and reproductive phase. In this way the presence of sea otters is essential for the health and balance of kelp forests.
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how is the distribution of ecozones on a mountain similar to the development of a rain shadow region?
The distribution of ecozones on a mountain is similar to the development of a rain shadow region in terms of how they both involve variations in precipitation and resulting ecological conditions.
On a mountain, as elevation increases, the temperature and atmospheric conditions change, leading to distinct ecological zones or ecozones. Each ecozone is characterized by specific plant and animal communities adapted to the local climate and environmental conditions. Generally, higher elevations experience cooler temperatures and more moisture, while lower elevations have warmer temperatures and drier conditions. This creates a vertical distribution of ecozones, such as alpine meadows, coniferous forests, and montane rainforests, as you ascend from the base to the summit of a mountain.
Similarly, in a rain shadow region, the distribution of precipitation is influenced by the presence of mountain ranges. When moist air from a prevailing wind encounters a mountain range, it is forced to rise and cool, resulting in the condensation of moisture and precipitation on the windward side. As the air descends on the leeward side of the mountains, it becomes drier and creates a rain shadow region characterized by reduced rainfall and arid or semi-arid conditions. The presence of the mountain acts as a barrier, causing a distinct transition from wetter conditions on one side to drier conditions on the other.
In both cases, the topography and elevation variations play a crucial role in determining the distribution of ecosystems and climate conditions. The changes in temperature, moisture, and atmospheric dynamics associated with mountains and rain shadows lead to the development of distinct ecological zones and patterns of precipitation across the landscape.
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according to the record by em-dat (ofda/cred 2010) flood accounts for 40% of the natural disasters between 1985 and 2009 worldwide (ferreira 2011).
According to the record compiled by EM-DAT (OFDA/CRED 2010), floods accounted for 40% of the natural disasters worldwide between 1985 and 2009 (Ferreira, 2011).
The information provided suggests that floods were a significant contributor to natural disasters during the period from 1985 to 2009. The data, sourced from EM-DAT (Emergency Events Database), which is maintained by the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), indicates that floods constituted 40% of the recorded natural disasters during that timeframe.
Floods are a common natural disaster that can have devastating impacts on communities and the environment. They occur when there is an overflow of water onto normally dry land, often due to heavy rainfall, river overflow, or storm surge. Floods can lead to property damage, loss of life, displacement of people, and disruption of essential services.
The statistic presented highlights the significant occurrence of floods compared to other types of natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, or wildfires during the specified period. This information can be useful for disaster management and preparedness efforts, as it emphasizes the importance of understanding and mitigating the risks associated with floods.
To gain further insights into the specific methodologies and findings of the EM-DAT record and the study conducted by Ferreira in 2011, it is recommended to access the original sources. Exploring these records can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the global occurrence and impact of floods as natural disasters.
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ecozones on a mountain are essentially climate zones that change with elevation. which of these climate factors is the least affected by changes in elevation? group of answer choices terrain precipitation temperature seasonal patterns
Temperature is the climate factor that is least affected by changes in elevation.
Temperature is the main climate factor that experiences a consistent and predictable change with elevation. As elevation increases, there is a general trend of decreasing temperatures known as the lapse rate. This means that for every increase in elevation, there is a decrease in temperature. This pattern holds true in most cases and is a fundamental concept in mountain climate.
On the other hand, terrain, precipitation, and seasonal patterns are all climate factors that are significantly influenced by changes in elevation.
Terrain refers to the physical characteristics of the land, such as slope, aspect, and landforms. As elevation changes, so does the terrain. Mountains often exhibit steep slopes, rugged topography, and variations in aspect (direction the slope faces), which can influence factors like sunlight exposure, wind patterns, and microclimates.
Precipitation patterns are strongly influenced by elevation. As moist air is forced to rise when encountering mountains, it cools and condenses, leading to increased cloud formation and higher chances of precipitation on windward slopes. This creates a rain shadow effect, where the leeward side of the mountain receives less precipitation.
Seasonal patterns can also vary with elevation. Higher elevations generally experience cooler temperatures, shorter growing seasons, and different timing of seasonal transitions compared to lower elevations. These variations affect vegetation growth, snowpack accumulation, and the overall timing and duration of different seasons.
In summary, while terrain, precipitation, and seasonal patterns are all significantly influenced by changes in elevation, temperature is the climate factor that is least affected and follows a consistent trend of decreasing as elevation increases.
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hat is the major similarity between oceanic-continental convergence and continental-continental convergence?
The major similarity between oceanic-continental convergence and continental-continental convergence is that they both lead to the formation of mountains.
This is because both types of convergence involve two tectonic plates moving toward each other and creating a subduction zone. The subduction zone is created when one plate, usually the denser oceanic plate, is forced beneath the other plate. As the plate is forced deeper into the Earth's mantle, it begins to melt and the magma rises up to the surface. This process creates volcanic activity and can lead to the formation of new landmasses as the magma cools and solidifies.
Over time, the continued collision between the two plates can cause uplift and deformation of the Earth's crust, resulting in the formation of mountains. This is why both oceanic-continental convergence and continental-continental convergence can create large mountain ranges, such as the Andes in South America, the Himalayas in Asia, and the Rocky Mountains in North America.
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Arrange the sequence of events in an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Initial stages of the ENSO Air pressures are low in the western Pacific and high in the eastern Pacific. Equatorial winds push warm water from east to west Warm water moves towards South America Increased precipitation occurs in South America. Equatorial winds weaken or reverse Cold-water upwelling halts along the South American coast. South American coastline fisheries become less productive Final stages of the ENSO
The sequence of events in an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is as follows:
Initial stages of the ENSO: Air pressures are low in the western Pacific and high in the eastern Pacific. This pressure difference sets up the atmospheric circulation patterns that drive the ENSO.Equatorial winds push warm water from east to west: The trade winds blow from east to west, pushing warm surface waters towards the western Pacific.Warm water moves towards South America: The warm water pushed by the equatorial winds accumulates in the western Pacific, creating a pool of unusually warm water near Asia. This warm water then moves eastward across the Pacific Ocean towards the coasts of South America.Increased precipitation occurs in South America: As the warm water reaches the eastern Pacific, it leads to increased evaporation and moisture in the atmosphere. This, in turn, results in enhanced precipitation over South America, particularly along the western coast.Equatorial winds weaken or reverse: During El Niño, the equatorial winds weaken or even reverse their direction. This change in wind patterns disrupts the normal atmospheric circulation associated with the ENSO.Cold-water upwelling halts along the South American coast: Normally, along the western coast of South America, there is a process called upwelling, where cold, nutrient-rich water from deeper ocean layers rises to the surface. However, during El Niño, the weakened winds reduce or halt this upwelling, resulting in a decrease in the availability of nutrients.South American coastline fisheries become less productive: Due to the halted upwelling and reduced nutrient availability, the coastal waters of South America become less productive for fisheries. The decline in nutrient-rich waters affects the marine ecosystem, leading to decreased fish populations and productivity.Final stages of the ENSO: The ENSO event eventually dissipates, and the ocean and atmospheric conditions return to normal, completing the cycle.Overall, these events characterize the progression and impact of an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
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The sequence of events in an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) involves air pressure, equatorial winds, warm water movement, precipitation, and the halting of cold-water upwelling.
Explanation:The sequence of events in an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is as follows:
Air pressures are low in the western Pacific and high in the eastern Pacific.Equatorial winds push warm water from east to west.Warm water moves towards South America.Increased precipitation occurs in South America.Equatorial winds weaken or reverse.Cold-water upwelling halts along the South American coast.South American coastline fisheries become less productive.Final stages of the ENSO.Learn more about El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) here:https://brainly.com/question/37067110
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cumulative environmental impacts in antarctica : minimisation and management : proceedings of the iucn workshop on cumulative impacts in antarctica, washington dc, usa, 18-21 september, 1996 /
The minimisation and management of cumulative environmental impacts in Antarctica require a combination of regulations, assessments, collaboration, education, and long-term monitoring. These efforts are crucial for ensuring the preservation of this unique and vulnerable ecosystem for future generations.
Cumulative environmental impacts refer to the gradual and additive effects of multiple human activities on the environment over time. In Antarctica, various activities such as tourism, fishing, scientific research, and climate change can have cumulative impacts on the delicate ecosystems and wildlife.
Minimisation and management of these impacts are crucial to preserve the unique and fragile Antarctic environment. Here are some steps that can be taken:
1. Regulation and Policies: Governments and international bodies like the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) play a key role in establishing regulations and policies to manage human activities in Antarctica. These measures can include limits on the number of visitors, fishing quotas, and guidelines for scientific research.
2. Environmental Assessments: Conducting thorough environmental impact assessments before any new activity takes place can help identify potential risks and develop mitigation strategies. This involves studying the potential impacts on the wildlife, habitats, and ecosystems of Antarctica.
3. Collaboration and Cooperation: Collaboration between governments, scientists, researchers, and organizations is crucial for effective management of cumulative impacts. Sharing knowledge, best practices, and data can help develop better management strategies.
4. Education and Awareness: Raising awareness among visitors, tourists, and the general public about the importance of minimizing their impacts on the Antarctic environment is essential. Education programs can emphasize responsible behavior, such as following guidelines for waste management and wildlife observation.
5. Long-term Monitoring: Regular monitoring of the environment allows for the detection of changes and trends over time. This helps in understanding the cumulative impacts and evaluating the effectiveness of management measures.
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which rock type is least likely to be exposed on a strato or composite volcano? group of answer choices andesite basalt dacite schist
Schist, a metamorphic rock, is not typically found on strato or composite volcanoes, which are primarily composed of volcanic rocks formed through volcanic activity.
Schist is the rock type least likely to be exposed on a strato or composite volcano. Strato or composite volcanoes are characterized by explosive eruptions and the formation of layered, composite structures composed of alternating layers of volcanic ash, lava flows, and pyroclastic materials. The predominant rock types found in strato or composite volcanoes are andesite, basalt, and dacite, which are all volcanic rocks.
Schist, on the other hand, is a metamorphic rock formed from the recrystallization of pre-existing rocks under high pressure and temperature conditions. It is not directly associated with the volcanic activity that creates strato or composite volcanoes.
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What are the challenges faced in implementing the land reform programme in zimbabwe
The challenges faced in implementing the land reform program in Zimbabwe include lack of clear policy framework, inadequate planning and support, disruption of agricultural productivity, economic repercussions, and political implications.
The land reform program in Zimbabwe, which aimed to address historical land inequalities, has faced several challenges. Firstly, the lack of a clear policy framework resulted in inconsistencies and uncertainty, making it difficult to effectively implement the reforms. Inadequate planning and support for resettled farmers, such as limited access to finance, training, and infrastructure, have hindered their ability to transition successfully to productive agricultural activities.
The disruption of agricultural productivity is another challenge, as the redistribution of land often led to a decline in agricultural output due to a lack of skills, capital, and infrastructure. This had negative implications for food security and the overall economy. Additionally, the land reform program had economic repercussions, including reduced foreign investment, diminished confidence in the agricultural sector, and a decline in overall agricultural productivity.
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The country of Libya is located above theNubian Sandstone aquifer, which gives it access to an amount of water about equal to all of the Great Lakes. Despite this, much of the water cannot be used. Why not?
The country of Libya is located above the Nubian Sandstone aquifer, which gives it access to an amount of water about equal to all of the Great Lakes. Despite this, much of the water cannot be used as NSAS is deep underground and water can be contaminated.
Various reasons why much of the water cannot be used in the country of Libya even though it has access to an amount of water about equal to all of the Great Lakes are :
Firstly, the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is deep underground, making the water too expensive to tap.
Secondly, there is a significant quality concern because the water is nonrenewable and can become contaminated as it is extracted.
Lastly, the expense of pumping the water to the surface, transporting it to users, and drilling new wells to compensate for depletion implies that the amount of water Libya can extract is restricted.
Therefore, these are the various reasons why much of the water cannot be used in Libya despite having access to an amount of water about equal to all of the Great Lakes.
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Geophysical methods can be very effective for land-based site identification, but are rarely effective in underwater reconnaissance.
The given statement "Geophysical methods can be very effective for land-based site identification, but are rarely effective in underwater reconnaissance" is false as they are effective in underwater exploration.
Several geophysical techniques are specifically designed for underwater investigations. Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) is a widely used geophysical method for underwater reconnaissance. It utilizes sound waves to detect and map underwater objects, structures, and the seafloor.
Seismic surveys are commonly used to study the structure and composition of the seafloor and underlying geological layers. Electromagnetic surveys are used to map subsurface geological structures and detect variations in the electrical conductivity of sediments and rocks beneath the seafloor. These geophysical methods play a crucial role in marine research, offshore resource exploration, underwater archaeology, and environmental assessments of marine ecosystems.
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The question seems incomplete. The complete question is:
Geophysical methods can be very effective for land-based site identification, but are rarely effective in underwater reconnaissance. T/F
features associated with mountain glaciation include (check the two that apply) kettle arete horn esker
The two features associated with mountain glaciation are arete and horn. These formations are the result of the erosive power of glaciers carving the landscape over time.
The features associated with mountain glaciation include arete and horn.
Arete is a narrow ridge that forms when two adjacent glaciers erode parallel valleys. It is characterized by steep, sharp edges and often serves as a divide between two glacial valleys. Imagine two glaciers eroding valleys on either side of a mountain, and as they carve deeper, they eventually meet and erode away the dividing ridge, creating an arete.
A horn is a sharp, pyramid-shaped mountain peak that forms when several glaciers erode a mountain from different sides. As the glaciers erode the mountain, they carve away the rock and create steep faces. Over time, these steep faces intersect and form a sharp peak at the summit. The most famous example of a horn is the Matterhorn in the Swiss Alps.
Kettle and esker are not directly associated with mountain glaciation. A kettle is a depression or hole left in the ground by a retreating glacier, typically found in flat or low-lying areas. Eskers, on the other hand, are long, winding ridges of sediment deposited by streams flowing within or beneath glaciers. They are formed when meltwater streams carry sediments and deposit them as the glacier melts.
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the amazon rainforest receives all of its moisture from the atlantic ocean. How does the total annual rainfall in the Amazon compare the total annual moiture flux from the atlantic ocean?
While it is true that the Amazon rainforest receives a significant portion of its moisture from the Atlantic Ocean, it is important to note that the total annual rainfall in the Amazon does not directly correlate with the total annual moisture flux from the Atlantic Ocean.
The Amazon rainforest has a complex hydrological cycle, and its rainfall is influenced by various factors, including local evapotranspiration, moisture recycling within the forest itself, and atmospheric processes beyond just the Atlantic Ocean as a moisture source.
The Amazon basin is also affected by the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), a low-level atmospheric circulation pattern that brings moisture from both the Atlantic and the Amazon itself.
While the exact proportion of rainfall originating from the Atlantic Ocean varies depending on the region and time of year, it is estimated that around 50-80% of the precipitation in the Amazon is derived from the Atlantic Ocean. However, it is essential to recognize that this does not mean that the total annual rainfall in the Amazon is equivalent to the total annual moisture flux from the Atlantic Ocean.
The rainfall in the Amazon is also influenced by local and regional atmospheric conditions, such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), local moisture recycling through evapotranspiration from the dense vegetation, and the complex interplay of air masses from different directions.
In summary, while the Atlantic Ocean does contribute a significant amount of moisture to the Amazon rainforest, the total annual rainfall in the Amazon is influenced by multiple factors and cannot be directly equated to the total annual moisture flux from the Atlantic Ocean alone.
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which of these statements is most likely correct about the two types of mountains? they are formed by evaporation of river water. they are formed by the movement of earth plates. they are formed only at divergent boundaries. they are formed only at convergent boundaries.
The most likely correct statement about the two types of mountains is that they are formed by the movement of Earth plates.
Mountains are typically formed by tectonic processes involving the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates. These plates can interact in different ways, leading to the formation of two main types of mountains: fold mountains and fault-block mountains.
Fold mountains are commonly formed at convergent boundaries, where two plates collide. The collision results in the compression and deformation of the Earth's crust, causing rocks to fold and uplift, ultimately forming large mountain ranges. Examples of fold mountains include the Himalayas and the Andes.
Fault-block mountains, on the other hand, are formed by the movement along faults at divergent or transform plate boundaries. As the Earth's crust experiences tensional forces, blocks of rocks are displaced vertically along faults, creating uplifted mountainous regions. The Sierra Nevada Mountains in the United States and the Rhine Valley in Europe are examples of fault-block mountains.
While water erosion and deposition can modify and shape mountain landscapes over time, the primary formation of mountains is attributed to tectonic forces related to the movement of Earth's plates. Therefore, the statement that mountains are formed by the movement of Earth plates is the most likely correct explanation for the formation of mountains.
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measuring earth with gps, unit 2: earthquakes activity 2 student exercise: animation questions karen m. kortz (community college of rhode island) and jessica j. smay (san jose city college) in this activity, you will watch an animation that illustrates how gps can be used to learn more about plate tectonics and earthquakes. part 1: animation watch the animation titled, unavco gps and earthquakes. watch the entire animation first, and then watch it a second time to answer the questions below. 1. how fast do tectonic plates move? up to 1 cm/yr (10 mm/yr) up to 10 cm/yr (100mm/yr) up to 100 cm/yr (1,000 mm/yr) 2. how are the motions of high-precision gps networks shown on maps? as dots as different colors as arrows 3. if we want to compare the motions of two different geographical regions, what is a useful technique? set the motion of one of the regions to zero and see how much the other region is moving find the scale and direction of the gps stations for both areas and take an average 4. when we study north america, what side do we use as our reference frame? eastern north america western north america 5. using the reference frame indicated in question 4, what direction are gps stations on both sides of the san andreas fault moving? northwest northeast southwest southeast 6. why are there earthquakes on the san andreas fault? the pacific plate is moving faster than the north american plate the plates are moving in opposite directions 7. using the reference frame indicated in question 4, what direction are gps stations in the pacific northwest moving? northwest northeast southwest southeast 8. when an earthquake occurs at the convergent plate boundary in the pacific northwest, which gps stations will move the furthest? gps stations along the coast gps stations further inland gps stations east of the cascades mountains 9. using the reference frame indicated in question 4, what direction are gps stations in the basin and range moving? north south east west
In this activity, you watched an animation that illustrated how GPS can be used to learn more about plate tectonics and earthquakes.
Now, let's go through the questions and find the correct answers: 1. Tectonic plates can move up to 1 cm/yr (10 mm/yr), up to 10 cm/yr (100 mm/yr), or up to 100 cm/yr (1,000 mm/yr), depending on the specific plate.
2. The motions of high-precision GPS networks are shown on maps as dots.3. A useful technique to compare the motions of two different geographical regions is to find the scale and direction of the GPS stations for both areas and take an average.4. When studying North America, the reference frame used is eastern North America.
5. Using the reference frame of eastern North America, the GPS stations on both sides of the San Andreas Fault are moving in a southeast direction. 6. Earthquakes occur on the San Andreas Fault because the plates are moving in opposite directions. 7. Using the reference frame of eastern North America, the GPS stations in the Pacific Northwest are moving in a southwest direction.
8. When an earthquake occurs at the convergent plate boundary in the Pacific Northwest, the GPS stations along the coast will move the furthest. 9. Using the reference frame of eastern North America, the GPS stations in the Basin and Range are moving in a north direction.
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Rapid Urbanization leads to unplanned and uncontrolled shanty towns and slums, for an estimated _______% of the urban inhabitants
20-50
50-75
5-15
1-5
Rapid urbanization leads to unplanned and uncontrolled shanty towns and slums, affecting an estimated 50-75% of the urban inhabitants.
Rapid urbanization, especially in developing countries, often outpaces the ability of cities to provide adequate housing and infrastructure for the growing population.
As a result, informal settlements, shanty towns, and slums emerge as a response to the housing needs of the urban poor. These settlements are often characterized by inadequate housing conditions, lack of basic services such as water and sanitation, and limited access to healthcare and education.
The percentage range of 50-75% reflects the significant impact of rapid urbanization on the formation of informal settlements in many urban areas. However, it's important to note that the precise percentage may vary depending on the specific region, country, and level of urbanization.
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what is the main volcanic hazard posed by mount rainier at site 1?
Answer:
Mount Rainier, located in Washington state, is an active stratovolcano that poses several volcanic hazards. However, without specific information about "site 1," it is challenging to pinpoint the exact hazards in that particular area. Nevertheless, I can provide you with an overview of the primary volcanic hazards associated with Mount Rainier in general.
The main volcanic hazards posed by Mount Rainier include:
1. Lahars: Lahars are rapidly flowing mixtures of volcanic debris, water, and mud that can travel down valleys and river channels. Mount Rainier has vast amounts of snow and ice on its slopes, and during an eruption, heat can melt this frozen material, leading to the formation of lahars. These lahars can be extremely destructive, traveling at high speeds and carrying large boulders and debris, causing significant damage to infrastructure and posing a threat to human life.
2. Volcanic Ashfall: During volcanic eruptions, Mount Rainier can release large quantities of volcanic ash into the atmosphere. Ashfall can spread over wide areas, impacting air quality, damaging vegetation, disrupting transportation systems, and affecting infrastructure. Volcanic ash is also abrasive and can cause damage to buildings, vehicles, and machinery if not properly mitigated.
3. Pyroclastic Flows: Pyroclastic flows are fast-moving, high-temperature currents of volcanic ash, gas, and rock fragments. Although pyroclastic flows are typically associated with more explosive eruptions, they can occur at Mount Rainier during certain eruption scenarios. These flows can travel at high speeds and over long distances, incinerating everything in their path.
4. Volcanic Gases: Mount Rainier releases various gases during volcanic activity, including sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. These gases can be harmful to human health if inhaled in high concentrations. In addition, volcanic gases can contribute to the formation of acid rain, which can have adverse effects on ecosystems and water bodies.
It's important to note that the specific hazards and their magnitudes can vary depending on the type and scale of the eruption, as well as the geographical location. It is always recommended to consult local authorities, volcano observatories, and emergency management agencies for the most up-to-date and site-specific information regarding volcanic hazards in the area.
The desert would be the obvious zone of origin of a(n) ________ air mass.
i. mp
ii. mt
iii. mm
iv .cp
v. ct
The desert would be the obvious zone of origin of a(n) ________ air mass.
ii. mt (maritime tropical)
What are the characteristics of a maritime tropical (mt) air mass?A maritime tropical (mt) air mass originates from a warm and moist environment over tropical oceans, such as the Gulf of Mexico or the Caribbean Sea.
As the air mass moves over a desert region, it gains heat and moisture from the arid land, transforming it into a hot and dry air mass.
Despite the desert being a dry area, the source of the mt air mass lies in the warm and humid oceanic regions nearby.
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Why does San Francisco have a smaller temperature range (different between large & small temperature, thus colder water) than Norfolk, Virginia, even though both are located on coast? Keep in mind the prevailing winds are from the west Figure 5?. Can not be determined San Francisco neither facing warm or cold ocean water, thus no effect San Francisco prevailing wind system is from east, thus Warm Ocean water. San Francisco prevailing wind system is from west, thus Cold Ocean water Question 24 1 pts At which locations are solar energy most concentrated? anywhere on Earth, if it is the perihelion where the atmosphere has the most water vapor at places where the angle of incidence is 0° at places where the angle of incidence is 90°
San Francisco has a smaller temperature range (difference between large & small temperature, thus colder water) than Norfolk, Virginia, even though both are located on the coast, despite the prevailing winds being from the west.
San Francisco prevailing wind system is from the west, thus Cold Ocean water.San Francisco prevailing wind system is from the west, thus Cold Ocean water because the Pacific Ocean on the coast of San Francisco is relatively cold compared to the warm Gulf Stream on the coast of Norfolk, Virginia. San Francisco's climate is influenced by the cold water of the California Current, which originates in the north and flows south along the coast.
As a result, San Francisco has a milder climate and colder water than Norfolk. The California Current's eastern Pacific high-pressure system helps to maintain the city's trademark fog. To summarize, even though both are located on the coast, the Pacific Ocean water is colder than the warm Gulf Stream on the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, causing San Francisco to have a smaller temperature range and colder water.
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