Answer:
Only elements are pure substances.
Answer: c
Explanation:
how to find the buffering capacity of aspirin lab
Aspirin lab is a common experiment used in high school chemistry to determine the buffering capacity of aspirin, which is a commonly used pain reliever and anti-inflammatory medication. Buffering capacity refers to the ability of a solution to resist changes in pH when an acid or base is added to it. In this lab, you will use a pH meter to measure the changes in pH of a solution of aspirin after adding a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
To find the buffering capacity of aspirin, you need to start by preparing a solution of aspirin in water. To do this, weigh a certain amount of aspirin tablets and crush them into a powder. Dissolve the powder in a specific amount of water and stir until the aspirin is completely dissolved. Then, use a pH meter to measure the initial pH of the solution.
Next, add a small amount of sodium hydroxide to the solution and stir it well. Then, measure the pH of the solution again. Repeat the process of adding sodium hydroxide and measuring the pH until the pH reaches a maximum value. The amount of sodium hydroxide added at this point is called the buffering capacity of aspirin.
The buffering capacity of aspirin is an important factor in determining its effectiveness as a pain reliever. If the buffering capacity is high, it means that the solution can resist changes in pH and maintain a stable pH, which can help to reduce pain and inflammation. On the other hand, if the buffering capacity is low, it means that the solution is not very effective at resisting changes in pH and may not provide the same level of pain relief.
In conclusion, the buffering capacity of aspirin can be found by preparing a solution of aspirin, measuring its initial pH, and adding a strong base to it until the pH reaches a maximum value. The amount of base added at this point is the buffering capacity of the aspirin.
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5
How many moles are in 2.70 X 1024 particles?
A 4.48 moles
B 1.60 x 1025 moles
C
1.60 x 1048 moles
D 0.448 moles
Answer:
A. 4.48 moles
To convert from the number of particles to the number of moles, we need to use Avogadro's number, which is the number of particles in one mole of a substance. Avogadro's number is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 particles/mole. So, to find the number of moles, we divide the number of particles by Avogadro's number:
2.70 x 1024 particles / (6.022 x 10^23 particles/mole) = 4.48 moles
Therefore, the answer is A. 4.48 moles.
what molecule shape is sbf6-
The molecule shape of SF6 is octahedral.
SF6 is a sulfur hexafluoride molecule, which is composed of a central sulfur atom surrounded by six fluorine atoms. In the SF6 molecule, the sulfur atom is bonded to the six fluorine atoms through strong covalent bonds.
The arrangement of these bonds gives SF6 an octahedral shape, with the six fluorine atoms positioned at the vertices of an imaginary octahedron and the sulfur atom at its center. The octahedral shape of SF6 is due to the symmetrical distribution of electron density around the central sulfur atom, which results in a sp3d2 hybridization state.
In summary, SF6 has an octahedral molecule shape, which is characterized by six equidistant vertices arranged symmetrically around a central atom.
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what is the relationship between alcohols i and ii
Different conformations of the same chemical are what bind alcohols I and II together. Atom to atom bonding and the molecular formula are both same. b) The stereochemistr
Our task is to determine how alcohol and other substances are related. Alcohol has been supplied with the structures. A collection of atoms is joined by a carbon atom. Since the functional group is positioned the same in both instances yet the atoms are attached differently in the second molecule, they claim that they are not constitutional isomers. These isomers are not constitutional. The atoms are depicted in this symbol as being both above and below the plane. Here is a picture of the structure of 2-methyl cyclopentanol. The 2 molecule also serves as a representation of this.
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. you have two containers each with 1 mole of xenon gas at 15oc. container a has a volume of 3.0 l, and con- tainer b has a volume of 1.0 l. explain how the follow- ing quantities compare between the two containers.
(1) The average kinetic energy of the Xe atom will be the same
(2) Container B's walls will have more atomic collision force.
(3) The root mean square velocity will be same
(4) Collision is higher in container B than in container A.
(5) Container B will experience more pressure than container A.
(1) Average kinetic energy
Absolute temperature has a direct relationship with average kinetic energy. The average kinetic energy of the Xe atom will be the same because the temperatures in both containers are the same.
(2) Force due to collisions with walls
The volume of the container has an inverse relationship with the force of atomic collisions. Container B is shorter since it contains less volume. As a result, container B's walls will experience more atomic collision force.
(3) The root mean square velocity
The root mean square velocity of the Xe atoms in both containers will be the same because they are both at the same temperature.
(4) The collision frequency with other atoms
The volume of the container has an inverse relationship with the frequency of collisions with other atoms. Because container B is smaller than container A, the frequency of Xe atoms colliding with other atoms will be higher in container B than in container A.
(5) Pressure in two containers
As is common knowledge, pressure and volume are inversely related. A container has a larger volume than container B. Thus, container B will experience more pressure than container A.
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You have two containers each with 1 mole of Xenon gas at [tex]15^{0}[/tex] C. Container A has a volume of 3.0 L, and the container B has a volume of 1.0 L. Explain how the following quantities compare between the two containers:
Average kinetic energy of the Xe atomsThe force with which the Xe atoms collide the container walls.The root mean square velocity of the Xe atomsThe collisions frequency of the Xe atoms(with other atoms)The pressure of the Xe samplePart G
Consider the melting points of sugar and salt, as well as the states of sug
temperature. What can you conclude about the attractive forces between
substances?
While oil has mild attraction interactions between its particles, salt and sugar have significant ones.
What type of attractive forces present in salt, sugar and oil?Due to their solid states, salt and sugar compounds have significant attractive interactions between their particle constituents, whereas oil's attractive forces are weak due to its liquid form.We can therefore draw the conclusion that while oil has small attractive interactions between its particles, salt and sugar have significant ones.Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms are the building blocks of sugar molecules. Because sugar molecules can form strong hydrogen bonds with one another, they are referred to be molecular solids.A little quantity of a solid organic compound placed in a capillary tube and placed in a measuring device is the standard procedure for determining the melting point of the substance. Using a heating bath and a predetermined temperature, this device progressively warms the compound. The capillary in the heating bath is visible through a lens, which enables the scientist to calculate the melting point by judging when the solid has melted.To Learn more About attraction interactions Refer To:
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A certain atom is spherical with a radius of 0.200 nm. What is the volume of the atom?
A certain atom is the spherical with the radius of 0.200 nm. The volume of the atom is 3.34 × 10⁻²⁹ m³.
The radius of the spherical atom = 0.200 nm
The volume of the spherical atom is as follows :
The volume of atom = (4/3) π r³
where ,
The r = 0.2 nm = 2 × 10⁻¹⁰ m
The volume of the spherical atom = ( 4/3 ) × 3.14 × (2 × 10⁻¹⁰ m)³
The volume of the spherical atom = 4.186 × 8 × 10⁻³⁰ m³
The volume of the spherical atom = 3.34 × 10⁻²⁹ m³.
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how many molecules of igg have to bind to ig fc regions to activate complement?
Two or more IgG molecules are required to bind with Ig FC regions to activate complement.
Usually a single molecule of IgM is sufficient to activate complement, whereas many molecules of IgG are required to bound to a particle and are required for activation, presumably because two side-by-side IgG's are needed for induction of this process, and in the setting of a random distribution, a large number would be required on the surface for the formation activated complex.
The Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is defined as a horseshoe-shaped homodimer, which interacts with various effector proteins, including Fcγ receptors (FcγRs).
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what is the volume (liters) of 23.5 g of i2 at stp?
The volume in Liters , of the 23.5 g of the I₂ at the STP condition that is 273 K and 1 atm is 2.0 L.
The ideal gas equation is as :
P V = n R T
V - n R T / P
where,
P = pressure of the gas
n = number of moles
R = gas constant
T = temperature
The STP condition is : The temperature is 273 K and the Pressure is 1 atm.
The moles = mass / molar mass
The moles = 23.5 / 253.8
The moles = 0.092 mol
By solving the values, we get
V = ( 0.092 × 0.082 × 273 ) / 1
V = 2.0 L
Thus, the volume is 2.0 L.
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suppose that you have a 43 ml solution of 0.23 m hcl that is being titrated with 0.17 m naoh. you stop the titration after adding 27 ml of naoh. what is the change in ph at this point?
After stopping the titration after adding 27ml NaOH, the change in pH is approximately 0.23 units.
To find the change in pH during the titration, we need to calculate the amount of HCl that has reacted with NaOH.
First, let's find the moles of NaOH added:
Moles of NaOH = Concentration x Volume
Moles of NaOH = 0.17 M x 0.027 L = 0.00459 mol
Since the ratio of HCl to NaOH is 1:1, this means that 0.00459 mol of HCl has reacted with 0.00459 mol of NaOH.
Next, let's find the moles of HCl remaining in the solution:
Initial moles of HCl = 0.23 M x 0.043 L = 0.00999 mol
Final moles of HCl = Initial moles of HCl - Reacted moles of HCl
Final moles of HCl = 0.00999 mol - 0.00459 mol = 0.00540 mol
Now that we know the moles of HCl remaining, we can find the new concentration of HCl:
New concentration of HCl = Final moles of HCl / Total volume
New concentration of HCl = 0.00540 mol / (0.043 L + 0.027 L) = 0.056 M
Finally, we can use the new concentration of HCl to find the change in pH:
pH = -log[H+]
Change in pH = -log[0.056] - (-log[0.23])
Change in pH = -log[0.056] + log[0.23]
Change in pH = approximately 0.23.
So, the change in pH is approximately 0.23 units.
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what term describes the calculations used to relate the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction
The term that describes the calculations used to relate the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction is stoichiometry.
Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative aspects of chemical reactions. It involves the calculation of the ratios of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction based on their chemical formulas and the balanced chemical equation.
Stoichiometry helps to determine the amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant, the amount of reactant required to produce a given amount of product, and other related quantities. The calculations of stoichiometry are essential for the accurate prediction of the results of chemical reactions, for example, for the optimization of industrial processes.
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which one of the following carbonate species is the predominate one at ph 7?
Today's ocean's surface waters typically have a pH of 8.1, making HCO3- the major carbonate species and accounting for over 90% of DIC.
CO2(aq) makes up less than 1% of DIC, while CO32- is the species with the next highest abundance (10% of DIC). Na2CO3 is a salt that dissolves in liquid water and when ingested raises pH (decreases the amount of free H+ ions dissolved in the water). This is a result of the salt's strong base, CO3 2-. We can infer that Na2CO3 has a pH of 11 as a result. Today's ocean's surface waters typically have a pH of 8.1, making HCO3- the major carbonate species and accounting for over 90% of DIC.
The complete question is- Which species is predominant in water bodies carbon dioxide, carbonate ion or bicarbonate ion? Justify your reason?
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describe the fate of a molecule from introduction to detection in a mass spectrometer.
Before a molecule is identified in a mass spectrometer, it goes through numerous stages. The following stages explain the molecule's destiny in a mass spectrometer: Ionization.
The first step is to ionize the neutral molecule so that it may be examined in the mass spectrometer. Electron impact ionization, chemical ionization, or electrospray ionization can all be used to accomplish this. Acceleration: After ionization, the ions are accelerated to a high velocity by an electric field, increasing the ions' mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Deflection: The ions are then deflected based on their m/z ratio after passing through a magnetic field. The greater the degree of deflection, the bigger the m/z ratio. Detection: The deflected ions are detected by a detector. which quantifies the strength of their signal. This data is used to calculate the ions' molecular weight and abundance. Mass Analysis: The data from the detector is analyzed by a computer, which provides a mass spectrum that shows the m/z ratio and relative abundance of the ions. This data can be used to identify the molecule and calculate its composition. Detection: The mass spectrum is then compared to reference spectra to identify the identity and composition of the molecule. The end result is a plotted graph of m/z ratios versus signal strength that offers information about the sample's chemical makeup.
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for the dehydrohalogenation (e2) reaction shown, draw the major organic product, including stereochemistry
For the dehydrohalogenation (e2) reaction Major and minor product is given in the image attached.
In this case, less substituted alkene is major product because tert-butoxide is very strong base and give kinetic controlled product (less stable product), it will abstract most acidic, least substituted H+ and form product.
However when other base such as [tex]NaOCH_{3}[/tex] etc. is used more substituted alkene will be major product.
The E2 process is the most typical dehydrohalogenation mechanism. All bonds are broken and created in a single step during the concerted reaction. Zaitsev product production is favored by regioselective E2 reactions. There are two processes through which the rate is influenced by the base, leaving group, and solvent identities.
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predict the approximate bond angles in the molecule. h2c=c=ch2
In the molecule H₂C=C=CH₂, the bond angles are expected to be around 120 degrees. This is because the molecule is linear and has a planar structure with two double bonds and two single bonds, which would form bond angles of roughly 120 degrees between adjacent bonds. The bond angles in this molecule are close to the ideal bond angles for a sp2 hybridized carbon atom.
The molecule is linear and has a planar structure with two double bonds and two single bonds, which would form bond angles of roughly 120 degrees between adjacent bonds. Bond angle is the angle formed by the intersection of two bonds attached to the same atom. It is a measure of the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and helps to determine the molecular shape. Bond angles are determined by the hybridization of the central atom and the repulsion between the electron pairs in the bonds.
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When a neutral atom either loe or gain an electron, it become electrically charged and become a
When a neutral atom either lose or gain an electron, it become electrically charged and become an ion.
An ion is defined as an electrically charged particle produced by either removing electrons from a neutral atom to give a positive ion or adding electrons to a neutral atom to give a negative ion. During the formation of an ion, the number of protons does not change.
When an electron is lost from a neutral atom it becomes positively charged and a cation (positively charged) ion is formed. Similarly, when an electron is gained to a neutral atom it becomes negatively charged and anion (negatively charged) ion is formed.
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Please help ty have a good weekend
Nuclear fission is the process in which a heavy nucleus is split into two or more lighter nuclei, releasing energy in the process.
Radioactive decay reactionNuclear fusion is the process of combining two light nuclei into a heavier nucleus, releasing energy in the process.Nuclear decay is the process in which an unstable nucleus breaks down into one or more stable nuclei, releasing energy in the process.Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle (a helium nucleus) and becomes a new, more stable nucleus.Beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable nucleus emits an electron (or positron) and becomes a new, more stable nucleus.Gamma decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an unstable nucleus emits a high-energy photon and becomes a new, more stable nucleus.Nuclear transmutation is the process in which a nucleus changes its composition by gaining or losing protons, neutrons, or both.33K → +1e+ is a nuclear equation which describes the process of beta decay.+n→ 12Ba + Kr+ 3n is a nuclear equation which describes the process of nuclear fission.232 + 2He→ + an is a nuclear equation which describes the process of nuclear fusion.11. 14C - 14N+ is a nuclear equation which describes the process of nuclear decay.Re+ Re+H is a nuclear equation which describes the process of nuclear transmutation.Na + 10 Ne is a nuclear equation which describes the process of nuclear transmutation.21 Po- 84 + He is a nuclear equation which describes the process of nuclear fusion.253Es+ He→an+ is a nuclear equation which describes the process of nuclear fusion.To learn more about radioactive decay reaction refer to:
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The vapor above an aqueous solution contains 18.8 mg water per liter at 25 ∘C. Assuming ideal behavior, what is the concentration of the solute within the solution in mole percent?
(n / (n + 1.05 x 10^-3)) x 100 is the concentration of the solute within the solution in mole percent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution can be expressed in mole percent (mol%) if we know the number of moles of solute and the number of moles of solvent. In the given scenario, we are given the amount of water present in the vapor above the solution, which can be converted to moles using the molar mass of water (18.015 g/mol).
= 18.8 mg
= 18.8 x 10^-3 g
= (18.8 x 10^-3) / 18.015 mol
= 1.05 x 10^-3 mol
Let's assume the solution contains n moles of solute and 1.05 x 10^-3 mol of water. Then, the concentration of the solute in mole percent can be calculated as:
mol% solute = (n / (n + 1.05 x 10^-3)) x 100
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What is the minimum discharge time for both sizes of portable potassium bicarbonate (PKP) extinguishers?
Answer:The minimum discharge time for portable potassium bicarbonate (PKP) extinguishers can vary based on the size and manufacturer of the extinguisher
Explanation:
The minimum discharge time for both sizes of portable potassium bicarbonate (PKP) extinguishers 10 seconds to 11 seconds.
What is portable potassium bicarbonate ?Extinguisher, a portable or mobile device used to douse a small fire with a substance that cools the burning material, robs the flame of oxygen, or thwarts the chemical reactions taking place in the flame.
Class A extinguishers can extinguish fires in common combustibles such wood, fabric, rubber, paper, and many types of plastic. Use class B extinguishers against flammable liquids including grease, gasoline, solvents, lacquers, alcohols, and other compounds of a similar nature.
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which is more polar, ortho-bromonitrobenzene or para-bromonitrobenzene? how do you know this? which do you expect to "stick" more to the tlc plate?
Ortho-bromonitrobenzene is more polar you would expect ortho-bromonitrobenzene to “stick” more to the TLC plate.
Ortho-Bromo nitrobenzene is more polar than para-Bromo nitrobenzene due to the orientation of the bromine substituent. Ortho-bromonitrobenzene has two bromine substituents that are in an ortho position, meaning they are directly opposite each other on the benzene ring. This causes the molecule to be more polar, as the ortho position is more electronegative than the para position. As a result, ortho-bromonitrobenzene is more polar than para-bromonitrobenzene.
You would expect ortho-bromonitrobenzene to “stick” more to the TLC plate because it is more polar than para-bromonitrobenzene. Polar molecules have a greater tendency to interact with other polar molecules, such as the polar silica gel on the TLC plates. This interaction results in a greater “stickiness” of the ortho-bromonitrobenzene to the TLC plate.
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Propane is a gas used for cooking and heating. How many atoms are in 2.12 mol of propane (C₂H₂) Hint: 1 molecule C,H, 11 atoms (3 C and 8 H)
Answer:
Explanation:
First, let's determine the formula for propane. Propane has 3 carbon atoms and 8 hydrogen atoms.
CH₃CH₂CH₃
Second, use the number of moles of propane given in the problem (2.12 moles) and the formula for propane.
2.12 mol CH₃CH₂CH₃
Third, take 2.12 times the number of carbon atoms and the number of hydrogen atoms in propane.
There are 3 carbon atoms and 8 hydrogen atoms in propane.
2.12 x 3 carbon atoms = 6.36 carbon atoms
2.12 x 8 hydrogen atoms = 16.96 hydrogen atoms
Helpppp pleasee with chemistry
Answer: 3.44 *10^22 atoms of Au
Explanation: To solve the number of atoms given the amount of moles can be solved by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro's numbers, a number that represents the number of atoms in one mole of an element.
Avogradros number is: 6.02214076×10^23 so we do
6.02214076×10²³ * 5.71*10^-2 = # atoms
# atoms = 3.438*10^22 atoms
To simplify to 3 sig figs, it would be 3.44*10^22 since we round the hundradth place.
the number density in a container of neon gas is 5.40×1025 m−3. the atoms are moving with an rms speed of 705 m/s.
The rms speed of the neon gas is 705 m/s.
The number density of a gas is defined as the number of atoms or molecules per unit volume.
In the case of neon gas, the number density can be calculated using the formula:
Number Density (n) = Number of Particles/ Volume
Therefore, n = 5.40 × 1025 m-3
The root-mean-square (rms) speed of a gas is the square root of the average of the squared speeds of the particles in the gas.
The rms speed of the neon gas can be calculated using the formula:
RMS Speed = (3RT/M)^0.5
where R is the ideal gas constant (8.314 J/mol K), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and M is the molar mass of the gas (20.18 g/mol).
Therefore, the rms speed of the neon gas is 705 m/s.
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which of the hydrocarbons in the following group are isomers? select all that apply. h52256b h52256a h5ch2p24qab h5ch2p24qaa
All of these hydrocarbons H52256B, H52256A, H5CH2P24QAB, H5CH2P24QAA are isomers.
An isomer is a compound with the same molecular formula as another but with a different arrangement of atoms in its molecular structure. All four of the hydrocarbons listed are isomers because they have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of their atoms, resulting in distinct molecular structures.
The different arrangements can come from differences in the order of bonding between the atoms, differences in the orientation of functional groups within the molecules, or differences in the placement of double bonds. These differences in molecular structure lead to unique physical and chemical properties for each isomer.
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which four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight? which four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight? carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and potassium. carbon, oxygen, potassium, and sodium. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. carbon, oxygen, iron, and potassium
The four elements that comprise approximately 96% of our body weight are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
The mass of our bodies is composed almost entirely of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The remaining four percent of a person's body weight is almost entirely made up of the elements sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and iodine.
To all intents and purposes, the human body is a phenomenally complicated piece of machinery. This demands a wide variety of components, all of which must cooperate with one another in intricately intertwined connections, on scales ranging from the micromolecular to the macromolecular.
The amount of chemical elements and how they interact with one another is what determines the structure of the building blocks that make up the sum of these parts, such as proteins and nucleic acids.
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what makes a particular solvent mixture the best choice for analyzing a compound or mixture of compounds by tlc?
When choosing a solvent mixture for Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), it is important to consider the polarity of each solvent in the mixture.
A good solvent mixture should be able to separate all of the components of the compound or mixture of compounds being analyzed. Additionally, the polarity of the solvent should match the polarity of the sample, as this will allow for the most efficient separation.
It is also important to consider the boiling point, boiling range, and viscosity of the solvent in order to ensure that the solvent will not volatilize before the separation is complete. Finally, the solvent should be relatively non-toxic and have a low cost.
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Where are atoms made from?
Answer: subatomic particles Explanation: all atoms are made from smaller particles called subatomic particles these come in three types;
Atoms made from the fundamental particles like electrons, protons and neutrons.
What components comprise as atoms?An atom is made up of a core nucleus and one or even more negatively charged electrons that orbit it. The positively charged, moderately massive protons and neutrons that constitute the nucleus may be included. The foundational building blocks of matter are atoms.
Are new atoms formed?Stars can generate nuclei in one of two ways: either by merging two smaller nuclei together (a process known as fusion), or by splitting a bigger nucleus into several smaller nuclei (called fission).
Can an atom be destroyed?The law of energy conservation implies that matter cannot be created or destroyed. As a consequence, an atom cannot be destroyed or split into smaller particles.
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Describe the change that you made that led to the increase in the size of the clawcat population. Explain why the change led to an increase in the clawcat population size.
The first step is to lessen the number of the organism which consumes clawcats. The second is to enhance the resources Clawncat requires to live.
What is population?Population is the total number of people living in a region (such as a nation or the planet), which is always changing due to births, immigration, and natural mortality.
There are two ways to boost the Clawcat population. The first step is to lessen the number of the organism which consumes clawcats. The second is to enhance the resources Clawncat requires to live, namely by expanding the plantation of Clawncat, providing enough irrigation, giving full access to sunshine, and increasing the richness of the soil through proper and effective fertilization.
Therefore, in the above given ways we can increase the population of Clawncat.
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how does hydrogen bonding contribute to water's high specific heat
Water's high specific heat capacity is the property caused by the hydrogen bonding among water molecules. When heat is absorbed, hydrogen bonds will broken and the water molecules can move freely.
When the temperature of the water will decreases, then the hydrogen bonds are formed as well as release a considerable amount of energy.
Hydrogen bonds will allow the ions and the other polar molecules to dissolve in water. Therefore, water is an excellent solvent. The hydrogen bonds between the water molecules causes the water to have a high heat capacity, means it takes a lot of added heat to raise its temperature.
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2 03(g) → 3 0₂(8) AH=-285 kJ/mol,
The bond enthalpy of the oxygen-oxygen bond in O, is 498 kJ/mol. Based on the enthalpy of the reaction represented above, what is the average bond enthalpy, in kJ/mol, of an oxygen-oxygen bond in 03?
Please help meee
The enthalpy of formation of ozone is 142.7 kJ / mol. The bond energy of O2 is 498 kJ / mol.
What is the oxygen oxygen bond’s bond enthalpy?498 kJ/mol
The bond energy of molecular oxygen, O2, is 498 kJ/mol and is photolyzed by light of 241 nm. HOOH, which has an extremely weak O-O bond, is photolyzed by light at 845 nm. Alternatively, the usual enthalpy of production of oxygen is zero because diatomic oxygen in its gaseous phase is the most stable form compared to mono-atomic oxygen (O) and triatomic oxygen (O3).
The elements that will react to generate H2O are present in their elemental forms. Because it takes no energy to generate a naturally occurring compound, the enthalpy of formation for an element in its elemental state will always be 0.
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