Which is the correct assumption used to calculate the steady-state concentration of a pollutant in the lake, so that the concentration in the lake is equal to the one in the exit stream: group of answer choices the pollutant is conservative the lake is completely mixed steady- state conditions prevail first-order reaction kinetic no pollutant accumulation in the lake

Explanation:

Refer to pic.............

Answer:

Oil and water: mixture/heterogeneous

Explanation:

1. Oil and water: mixture/heterogeneous

Oil and water do not mix to a uniform consistency throughout

2. Copper wire: element

3. Chalk: compound

4. Sugar and water: mixture/homogeneous

Sugar and water mix perfectly and create a solution.

5. Water: compound

6. Salt and water: mixture/homogeneous

Salt and water also create a solution (saline)

7. Aluminum foil: element

8. Air in a balloon: mixture/homogeneous if random air or element if filled with specific gas like helium

9. Nitrogen: element

10. Pizza: mixture/heterogeneous

Each substance on the pizza can be readily identified and seperated

grouping elements into s, p, d, and f blocks allows us to predict the chemical and physical properties of elements based on their electron configurations and periodic table positions.

The periodic table's s, p, d, and f blocks refer to the arrangement of electrons in the atom's outermost energy level (valence shell), and they are related to the element's type and properties in several ways.

Atomic size increases from right to left within a period and from top to bottom within a group.

Ionization Energy: The energy required to remove an electron from an atom is referred to as ionisation energy.

Electronegativity: The ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond is measured by electronegativity.

Reactivity: An element's reactivity is determined by the number of valence electrons it possesses. Because the s-block elements have one or two valence electrons, they are extremely reactive.

Chemistry: Ionic compounds are formed by s-block elements with nonmetals, whereas covalent compounds are formed by p-block elements.

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The periodic chart is a tabular collection of chemical elements arranged according to atomic number, starting with hydrogen and going up to oganesson, which has the greatest atomic number.

In the periodic table, also referred to as the periodic chart of the (chemical) elements, the chemical elements are organised in rows and columns. It is frequently used in physics, chemistry, and other academic fields and is widely recognised as a sign of chemistry.

This is a visual representation of the periodic law, which states that the properties of molecular elements depend approximately periodically on their atomic numbers. There are four roughly rectangular "pieces" that make up the table's top.

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Answer:

To determine the number of atoms in 0.28 moles of Beryllium (Be), we need to use Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23 atoms per mole.

First, we can calculate the number of moles of Beryllium (Be) in 0.28 moles by multiplying it by Avogadro's number:

0.28 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mole = 1.68496 x 10^23 atoms

Therefore, there are approximately 1.68 x 10^23 atoms in 0.28 moles of Beryllium (Be).

Explanation:

The chemical change of decomposition of barium fluoride will give barium and fluoride ions.

Chemical changes are defined as changes which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical change.

There are several characteristics of chemical changes like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical change there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.

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The properties analyzed in this activity, such as ionic radius, atomic radius, and electronegativity, show periodicity of the chemical elements

It is because they are repeated in a systematic and predictable fashion as you move across a period in the periodic table. Specifically, as you move across a period, the ionic radius increases from left to right. This occurs because the nucleus of elements to the left of the period is larger and has more protons, while the valence electrons increase from left to right, meaning the elements to the right of the period have more electrons that are farther away from the nucleus.

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Due to the gravitational force the moon orbit earth in the same direction that earth orbits the sun.

What is gravitational force ?

Newton's Law of Gravitation and the force of gravity. The force of attraction between any two bodies is known as gravity, or simply gravity. All objects in the cosmos are attracted to one another with some force, but most of the time this attraction is too faint to be noticed due to the extreme distance between the objects.

Distance is an object's overall movement, regardless of direction. Distance refers to the length of an object's real route as a whole. The displacement of an object between two points is defined as the straight line distance (shortest distance), measured from one position to the other.

Therefore, Due to the gravitational force the moon orbit earth in the same direction that earth orbits the sun.

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The given reaction between FeS and oxygen gas giving ferric oxide and sulphur dioxide can be balanced as follows:

[tex]\rm 4 FeS+ 7O_{2} \rightarrow 2Fe_{2}O_{3} + 4SO_{2}[/tex]

The balanced chemical equation of a reaction represent the perfect stoichiometry of all the reactants and products. It must obey the law of conservation of mass.

Hence, the total mass in the reactant side must be equal to the total mass in the product side. The given reaction between ferrous sulphide and oxygen gas giving sulphur dioxide and ferric oxide can be balanced as written above.

Here, 4 moles of FeS reacts with 7 moles of O₂ giving 2 moles of Fe₂O₃ and 4 moles of SO₂ gas. Here each element has the same number in both reactants side and product side.

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Answer:

0.085049833

Explanation:

use the formula n=number of particles/Avogadro's number and find the value of n which is miles and then use the formula n=mass/molar mass. The molar mass you multiply the mass number of oxygen by 2

molar mass= 32g/mol

Avogadro's number=6.02*10^23

number of particles=1.6*10^21

The formation of two new compounds that may or may not be accompanied by color change and precipitation is a sign of a double replacement reaction.

In a double replacement reaction, two reactants exchange ions to create two new products with the same kind of chemical bonds. Typically, a precipitate is formed by one of the products. Double displacement reactions take the form:

AB + CD → AD + CB

Double replacement reactions can involve reactants with ionic or covalent bonds, but ionic molecules are more frequently involved in the kind of reaction. Double replacement reactions can involve bases and acids. The solvent is often water.

The reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride in water serves as an illustration of a double replacement reaction. Ionic substances include sodium chloride and silver nitrate. In aqueous solution, both reactants disperse into their ions. The sodium ion takes up the nitrate anion to make sodium nitrate, whereas the silver ion picks up the sodium's chloride ion to form silver chloride. Both of the products are ionic compounds, just like the reactants. Due to its limited solubility in water, silver chloride precipitates from solution.

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The mass of 6.45 x 10^25 atoms of Cu is 682.3 grams. For example, the atomic weight of carbon is 12.011, so the molar mass of carbon is 12.011 g/mol.

What is Molar Mass?

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mole). It is a fundamental concept in chemistry and is used in various calculations, such as determining the mass of a sample of a substance, the number of moles in a sample, or the number of atoms or molecules in a sample.

The molar mass of an element is equal to its atomic weight, which is the weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes of that element, taking into account their relative abundance.

Determine the number of moles of Cu atoms:

6.45 x 10^25 atoms Cu x (1 mole Cu / 6.022 x 10^23 atoms Cu) = 10.73 mol Cu

Use the molar mass of Cu to convert from moles to grams:

10.73 mole Cu x (63.55 g Cu / 1 mole Cu) = 682.3 g Cu

Therefore, the mass of 6.45 x 10^25 atoms of Cu is 682.3 grams.

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Energy in chemical reactions involves the process in which it is absorbed to break bonds, and energy is evolved as bonds are made.

This is referred to as a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products.

According to the modern view of chemical reactions, bonds between atoms in the reactants must be broken, and the atoms or pieces of molecules are reassembled into products by forming new bonds. All chemical reactions involve energy changes ad in some reactions, we are able to observe these energy changes as either an increase or a decrease.

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The reaction was spontaneous and results in a standard free energy shift of 61.5 kJ.

We define the normal state of any solid or liquid material as the most solid region of that material at the a stress of one bar at any given temperature.For instance, water's standard condition for a temperature of 10 C is ice at the a tension of one bar, and for a temperature of +10 C is liquid at the a compression of one restaurant.

India's average temperature for 2021 was 25.93 ° Celsius, a little increase from 25.78 degrees Centigrade the year before.In that year, the minimum temperature was 20.9 °C.

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Answer:

1. P4 + 6Cl2 → 4PCI3; already balanced

2. 25.5 moles Cl2

Explanation:

1. The chemical equation for the reaction of phosphorus with chlorine gas to produce phosphorus trichloride is:

P4 + 6Cl2 → 4PCI3

The equation is already balanced

2. The equation shows that 6 moles of chlorine gas are required to produce 4 moles of phosphorus trichloride.

set up a proportion:

6 moles Cl2 / 4 moles PCI3 = x moles Cl2 / 17 moles PCI3

solve for x:

x = (6 moles Cl2 / 4 moles PCI3) x 17 moles PCI3

x = 25.5 moles Cl2

Therefore, 25.5 moles of chlorine gas are required to produce 17 moles of phosphorus trichloride.

Answer:

25.5 moles of Cl₂ required

Explanation:

2P + 3Cl₂ --> 2PCl₃

Since, the stoichiometry (molar ratio) of the reaction is 2 : 3 : 2,

thus, number of moles of Cl₂ = 3/2 × number of moles of PCl₃

∴ number of moles of Cl₂ required is 25.5 moles

Answer: 3045.07 K

Explanation:

T=PV/nR  = 10.00 X 100 / (4.0 X 0.821) =

Ammonia and phosphoric acid are the reactants for the reaction 9, for the formation of Ammonium Phosphate.

What are ionic reactions?

Ionic reaction is the reaction of ions that are anions and cations to form a compound in a medium in which they are dissolved. When ions of water-soluble salts interact with each other in aqueous medium results in the formation of water-insoluble salts.

9) 3NH₃ + H₃PO₃ → (NH₄)₃PO₄

10) CaCO₃ + HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂CO₃

11) SnO₂ + HCl → SnCl₂ + H₂O

12) Ca(OH)₂ + HNO₃ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + H₂O

13) C₃H₅O(COOH)₃ + 3KOH → C₃H₅O(COOK)₃ + 3H₂O

14) 2Mg + C₃H₅O(COOH)₃ → (C₃H₅O(COO)₃)Mg₂ + H₂

15) H₃PO₄ + 3KOH → K₃PO₄ + 3H₂O

Therefore, Ammonia and phosphoric acid are the reactants for the reaction 9, for the formation of Ammonium Phosphate.

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Answer:

Below

Explanation:

1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23 particles

4.25 x 10^26 atoms / 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/ mole = ~ 706 moles

The reaction's enthalpy change is -68496 J, or around -68.5 kJ.

The enthalpy of reaction for the chemical process using calorimetry:

q = -mCΔT

Where,

calculate the change in temperature:

ΔT = Tfinal - Tinitial = 57.4 °C - 25 °C = 32.4 °C

The mass of water in the calorimeter =

= mass of water = volume × density

= 500 mL × 1 g/mL = 500 g

The amount of heat transferred:

q = -mCΔT = -(500 g)(4.18 J/(g·K))(32.4 K)

= -68496 J

ΔH = -q = 68496 J     {Q is negative because the reaction generated heat. As a result, the reaction's enthalpy change (H) is also negative}

Hence, the reaction's enthalpy change is -68496 J, or around -68.5 kJ. Keep in mind that the enthalpy change for the quantity of reactants employed in the calorimetry experiment is represented by this value.

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D. The slightly positive hydrogen on one water molecule is attracted to a slightly negative oxygen on another water molecule.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that occurs between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negative atom, typically oxygen or nitrogen, in another molecule.

In water molecules, the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, which gives the oxygen a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms a partial positive charge. This results in the slightly positive hydrogen atom being attracted to the slightly negative oxygen atom in a neighboring water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond.

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The bond energy of each carbon-oxygen double bond in carbon dioxide is 188 kJ/mol.

What is Bond Energy?

Bond energy, also known as bond dissociation energy, is the amount of energy required to break a chemical bond between two atoms in a molecule or compound. It is defined as the energy released or absorbed when a chemical bond is formed or broken.

The bond energy of each carbon-oxygen double bond in carbon dioxide can be determined by using the total bond energy of the products and the bond energies of the other bonds involved in the reaction.

The reaction for the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen is:

C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)

The total bond energy of the products (CO2) in the reaction is given as 1256 kJ. The bond energy of the carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O) in carbon dioxide can be determined by subtracting the bond energies of the other bonds involved in the reaction from the total bond energy of the products.

First, we need to determine the bond energies of the other bonds involved in the reaction. The bond energy of the carbon-carbon triple bond (C≡C) in molecular nitrogen is 946 kJ/mol, and the bond energy of the oxygen-oxygen double bond (O=O) in molecular oxygen is 498 kJ/mol.

The balanced equation tells us that one mole of CO2 is formed from one mole of C(s) and one mole of O2(g). Therefore, the total bond energy of the products in the reaction can be expressed as:

Total bond energy = (Bond energy of C=O bond) + (Bond energy of C≡C bond) + (Bond energy of O=O bond)

1256 kJ/mol = (Bond energy of C=O bond) + 946 kJ/mol + 498 kJ/mol

Solving for the bond energy of the carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O) in carbon dioxide:

Bond energy of C=O bond = Total bond energy - Bond energies of other bonds

Bond energy of C=O bond = 1256 kJ/mol - 946 kJ/mol - 498 kJ/mol

Bond energy of C=O bond = 188 kJ/mol

Therefore, the bond energy of each carbon-oxygen double bond in carbon dioxide is 188 kJ/mol.

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Part 1: C represents the compound carbon dioxide (CO2),  in the given diagram of the question .

Part 2: One process that could release carbon dioxide into the air is combustion, which occurs when organic compounds (such as fossil fuels) react with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water. Other processes that can release carbon dioxide include volcanic eruptions, natural decay of organic matter, and respiration by living organisms.

Part 3: The elements that form carbon dioxide, namely carbon and oxygen, are conserved during the carbon cycle. This is because carbon is constantly being exchanged between the atmosphere, oceans, and land through processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition. When plants undergo photosynthesis, they take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and use it to build their biomass, incorporating carbon into their structures. When animals eat plants or other animals, they consume this carbon and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere through respiration. When organisms die, their bodies decompose and release carbon back into the environment. In this way, carbon is constantly being recycled through the carbon cycle.

The formation of carbon dioxide from the recycling of carbon occurs during cellular respiration, which is the process by which living organisms break down organic compounds (such as glucose) to release energy. During cellular respiration, carbon-based molecules are oxidized, or combined with oxygen, to produce carbon dioxide as a waste product. This carbon dioxide can then be released back into the atmosphere or taken up by plants through photosynthesis.

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Note that the point at which oxygen changes from liquid to gas is 90k. See the attached graph.

To plot the data, we can use a line graph with temperature (T) on the x-axis and density (d) on the y-axis. Here is a plot of the data:

From the plot, we can see that the density of oxygen decreases as the temperature increases. At around 90 K, there is a significant drop in density, indicating a change in state from liquid to gas. We can circle this temperature as the point at which oxygen changes from liquid to gas.

Therefore, we can circle the temperature 90 K as the point at which oxygen changes from liquid to gas.

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Explanation:

We can find the AH for the reaction using Hess's Law, which states that the AH for a reaction is equal to the sum of the AH values for the individual steps of the reaction.

Using Table B-12 in the CRG, we can find the AH values for the formation of the products and the reactants:

AHf(CaCl₂) = -795.8 kJ/mol

AHf(HCl) = -92.3 kJ/mol

AHf(Ca(OH)₂) = -986.1 kJ/mol

AHf(H₂O) = -285.8 kJ/mol

To use these values in the Hess's Law equation, we need to reverse the AH value for the formation of the reactants:

AHf(Ca(OH)₂) -> Ca(OH)₂(s) + H₂O(1) AH = +986.1 kJ/mol

Now we can add up the AH values for the products and reactants, making sure to multiply the AH values for the reactants by their stoichiometric coefficients:

2AHf(HCl) + AHf(Ca(OH)₂) - AHf(CaCl₂) - 2AHf(H₂O)

= 2(-92.3 kJ/mol) + 986.1 kJ/mol - (-795.8 kJ/mol) - 2(-285.8 kJ/mol)

= -184.6 kJ/mol + 986.1 kJ/mol + 795.8 kJ/mol + 571.6 kJ/mol

= +2,169.9 kJ/mol

Therefore, the AH for the reaction is +2,169.9 kJ/mol.

Answer: O AH,0 = +125.7 kJ. (Note: The correct answer is not listed, but it can be obtained by dividing the answer by 2, which gives us the AH for the reaction per mole of HCl reacted.)

Explanation:

Refer to pics.............

According to the molar concentration, if the student needs 250 ml of the diluted solution, 50 ml of the original solution should be used and in second case 0.29 liters of the solution should be used.

Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.

The molar concentration depends on change in volume of the solution which is mainly due to thermal expansion. Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.

In terms of moles, it's formula is given as molar concentration= number of moles /volume of solution in liters.Substitution in second  formula gives volume= 0.36/1.25=0.288 liters. and in case of 2 solutions it is calculated as, M₁V₁=M₂V₂ and on substitution gives V₁=0.1×250/0.5=50 ml.

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Answer:

I think it is true

Explanation:

I just answer this question

The term mole concept is used here to determine the number of moles of oxygen. The number of moles of oxygen obtained is 18.063 moles.

One mole of a substance is defined as that quantity of it which contains as many entities as there are atoms exactly in 12 g of carbon - 12. The formula used to calculate the number of moles is:

Number of moles = Given mass / Molar mass

The molar mass of Oxygen molecule = 31.9 g/mol

The given mass of Oxygen molecule = 576.22 g

Number of moles = 576.22 g / 31.9 g/mol = 18.063 moles

Thus the number of moles of oxygen molecule is 18.063 moles.

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For the F₂ (g) , P₁ is 8.0513 atm , P₂ is 8.3457 atm, T₂ is 508.88 K, T₁ in kelvins is 490.8 K.

The initial pressure,  P₁ = 8.0513 atm

The finial pressure, P₂  = 8.3457 atm

The initial temperature , T₁ = ?

The final temperature, T₂ = 508.8 K

The pressure - temperature expression is as follows :

The pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the temperature of the gas.

P₁  / T₁ =  P₂  / T₂

T₁ = P₁ T₂ / P₂

T₁ = ( 8.0513 × 508.8 ) / 8.3457

T₁ = 490.8 K

Thus, the initial temperature is the 490.8 K with the initial pressure of the 8.0513 atm.

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A) To calculate the total bond energy, we need to know the bonds broken and formed in the reaction. In this case, the reactants are C₂H₄ and H₂, and the product is C₂H₆.

Reactants:

C₂H₄ has one C=C bond and four C-H bonds. Total bond energy

= (1 x 614 kJ/mol) + (4 x 413 kJ/mol) = 2462 kJ/mol

H2 has one H-H bond. Total bond energy

= 1 x 436 kJ/mol = 436 kJ/mol

Products:

C₂H₆ has six C-H bonds and one C-C bond.

Total bond energy

= (6 x 413 kJ/mol) + (1 x 348 kJ/mol) = 2862 kJ/mol

Total energy = reactant energy - product energy = (2462 kJ/mol + 436 kJ/mol) - 2862 kJ/mol = 36 kJ/mol

Therefore, the total bond energy for the reaction is 36 kJ/mol.

B) The reaction is exothermic because the total energy is negative (-36 kJ/mol). This means that energy is released when the reaction occurs.

C) The formation of C-C bond releases energy (348 kJ/mol), and the breaking of C=C bond requires energy input (614 kJ/mol). The formation of four C-H bonds releases energy (4 x 413 kJ/mol = 1652 kJ/mol), and the formation of two additional C-H bonds releases more energy (2 x 413 kJ/mol = 826 kJ/mol). The breaking of one H-H bond requires energy input (436 kJ/mol).

The total energy released by the formation of new bonds is greater than the energy required to break the old bonds, resulting in an exothermic reaction.

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Wool and polystyrene, which trap air, are effective insulators. Aluminum and other metals are excellent heat conductors. A thermos keeps things cold for longer by limiting the flow of heat.

It is common to employ insulators like glass, plastic, rubber, air, and wood. Insulators protect us from the potentially dangerous consequences of electricity flowing via conductors. Voltage levels in electrical circuits can occasionally be extremely high.

Ceramics, wood, rubber, plastic, and rubber are effective insulators. They are frequently employed in the construction of cooking tools, like as saucepan handles, to prevent heat from rising and burning the cook's hand.

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