The location with the lowest per unit costs for a stage of production is often considered the primary factor in determining the location of production.
The primary factor that determines the location of a stage of production depends on various factors.The location of a stage of production is determined by factors such as the availability of resources, labor, transportation costs, and proximity to the market.
However, the location with the lowest per unit costs for that stage is often considered the primary factor that determines the location of production. This is because the cost of production is a critical factor in determining the profitability of a business. A location with lower per unit costs for a stage of production can lead to lower production costs, which can result in higher profits.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the location with the lowest per unit costs (for that stage) is the primary factor that determines in which location a stage of production is likely to take place.
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Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning: Saxon Sausage Company
The Saxon company is a $1.5 billion manufacturer of sausage meats. Sales in the beef sausage category are static and Saxon’s brands of beef sausage are experiencing declining revenue. However, the Italian sausage category is growing because Italian sausages are becoming very popular. Consumers like Italian sausages because they are very tasty tomato flavoured sausage meat which can be eaten alone or added as extra flavour to many other types of foods. Saxon’s brand of Italian sausages is called Vivio. Vivio has full Italian tomato flavour and it contains less fat than any other brand of Italian sausage. This brand is experiencing significant growth in the Italian sausage category. However, the Vivio brand represents only 5% of Saxon company’s total revenue.
Questions:
1. Identify the segmentation variables that the Saxon company could use when segmenting consumers in the Italian sausage product category in the UAE.
2. From the segmentation variables listed above, identify three possible target markets for Vivio Italian sausages in UAE. Choose the best target market and explain your choice.
3. Identify consumers’ needs and wants in the Italian sausage product category.
4. Identify the important features of Vivio Italian sausages.
5. Identify the unique benefit that Vivio offers.
6. Write a positioning statement for Vivio using the following formula.
To . . . . (target audience), . . . . . . . (brand name) is a brand of . . . . . . . . (product category) that offers . ………………….(important features) and . . . . . . (unique benefit)
7. Make your positioning statement into a slogan that you could use in your advertising.
Segmentation Variables for the Italian Sausage Product Category in the UAE:
1. Demographic: Age, gender, income, occupation, and family size.
2. Psychographic: Lifestyle, preferences, attitudes, and values.
3. Behavioral: Occasions, benefits sought, usage rate, and loyalty.
The Saxon company can consider several segmentation variables when targeting consumers in the UAE Italian sausage product category.
These variables include demographics (such as age, gender, income), psychographics (lifestyle, preferences), and behavioral factors (occasions, benefits sought).
By analyzing these variables, the company can identify distinct consumer segments with specific needs and preferences, allowing for more effective marketing strategies and product positioning.
Three Possible Target Markets for Vivio Italian Sausages in UAE:
1. Health-Conscious Individuals: Targeting consumers who prioritize healthier food options and are seeking low-fat alternatives. Vivio's lower-fat content can be highlighted to appeal to this segment.
2. Italian Cuisine Enthusiasts: Focusing on consumers who enjoy Italian flavors and incorporate them into their cooking. Emphasizing Vivio's authentic Italian tomato flavor can attract this target market.
3. Convenience Seekers: Targeting busy individuals or families looking for quick and easy meal solutions.
Highlighting the versatility and convenience of Vivio sausages as a standalone dish or an addition to various recipes can resonate with this segment.
Best Target Market and Explanation:
The best target market for Vivio Italian sausages in the UAE would be health-conscious individuals.
This segment presents a growing trend of consumers actively seeking healthier food options, and Vivio's low-fat content aligns well with their needs and preferences.
By positioning Vivio as a flavorful and healthier alternative to other Italian sausages, the company can effectively capture this market's attention and drive sales growth.
Consumers' Needs and Wants in the Italian Sausage Product Category:
Consumers in the Italian sausage product category seek flavorful and high-quality sausages that can enhance the taste of their meals.
They desire options that are versatile and can be enjoyed as a standalone dish or used to enhance other recipes.
Additionally, there is a growing demand for healthier alternatives with lower fat content without compromising on taste.
Important Features of Vivio Italian Sausages:
1. Authentic Italian Tomato Flavor: Vivio offers a rich and distinctive taste that embodies the essence of Italian cuisine.
2. Lower Fat Content: Compared to other brands, Vivio Italian sausages contain less fat, catering to health-conscious consumers.
3. Versatility: Vivio sausages can be enjoyed alone or used to add flavor to various dishes, providing consumers with flexible culinary options.
Unique Benefit of Vivio Italian Sausages:
Vivio offers the unique benefit of combining full Italian tomato flavor with a lower fat content, providing consumers with a guilt-free and satisfying culinary experience.
It allows them to enjoy the authentic taste of Italian sausages while making a healthier choice.
Positioning Statement for Vivio Italian Sausages:
To health-conscious individuals seeking authentic Italian flavors, Vivio is a brand of Italian sausages that offers the distinctive taste of Italian tomatoes and a lower fat content, providing guilt-free indulgence and culinary versatility.
Slogan for Advertising:
"Vivio Italian Sausages: Authentic Taste, Healthier Choice!"
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Mini-Case C: (3 marks – 1 mark each)
Lindsay is looking to put $25,000 at the end of each year into her Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) for the next 20 years. She believes that she can earn 4% interest, compounded monthly. Answer both and show calculations
a. How much will Lindsay have saved after 20 years?
Lindsay’s calculation: b. If Lindsay decides to withdraw the entire amount in one lump sum in 20 years, what would be the amount that she would receive after taxes, assuming her effective tax rate is 32% at that time?
(a) Lindsay will have saved $702,730.82 after 20 years of contributing $25,000 annually to her RRSP, assuming a 4% interest rate compounded monthly.
(b) If she decides to withdraw the entire amount in a lump sum after 20 years, she would receive $477,675.11 after taxes, considering her effective tax rate of 32%.
(a) To calculate the amount Lindsay will have saved after 20 years, we can use the future value of an ordinary annuity formula. The formula is: FV = P × [[tex](1 + r/n)^{nt}[/tex] - 1] / (r/n), where FV is the future value, P is the annual contribution, r is the interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the number of years.
Plugging in the values, we have FV = $25,000 × [[tex](1 + 0.04/12)^{12\times 20}[/tex] - 1] / (0.04/12), which results in FV = $702,730.82.
where FV is the future value, P is the annual payment, r is the interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the number of years.
Using this formula, Lindsay will have saved approximately $772,057.58 after 20 years.
(b) To calculate the amount Lindsay would receive after taxes, we multiply the total savings by (1 - tax rate). Considering her effective tax rate of 32%, the amount she would receive is $702,730.82 × (1 - 0.32) = $477,675.11. This takes into account the tax deduction on the lump sum withdrawal from the RRSP after 20 years.
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The new German government is concerned about Germany's slow growth of employment. It is also
heavily influenced by the "Greens," a political group committed to improving the environment. The
government is therefore considering an ecology tax, which would tax German employers proportionally
to the amount of electrical and other energy their plants use in running their production machinery.
Explain how the proposed ecology tax is likely to affect German employment levels. Explain under what
conditions the ecology tax would have the most favorable effects on German employment (that is, it
would either increase it the most or decrease it the least).
The proposed ecology tax, which would tax German employers based on the amount of energy their plants use, is likely to have both direct and indirect effects on German employment levels.
Collaborative Approach: Close collaboration between the government, businesses, and stakeholders is crucial to ensuring that the tax is implemented effectively and considers the unique circumstances and challenges of different sectors. This collaboration can help identify and address potential employment impacts through targeted policies and support measures.
In summary, the proposed ecology tax in Germany is likely to have a mixed impact on employment levels. Its effect will depend on factors such as industry-specific considerations, revenue allocation, and a collaborative approach to implementation. To maximize the favorable effects on employment, it is crucial to strike a balance between environmental goals and economic considerations, promoting a just transition towards a sustainable economy.
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As the person in charge of distribution, you know that you need a very good channel design to get this new casual wear on the market in Malaysia. Talk about the FIVE (5) things you would think about when designing the channel. - Resources of intermediaries - Producer issue - Buyer bebayiour - Need for information and service - Willingness of intermediaries
As the person in charge of distribution for new casual wear in Malaysia, there are five things that you should consider when designing a channel. These are:Resources of intermediaries: You must consider the availability of intermediaries such as wholesalers, agents, and retailers, as they play an essential role in the distribution process.
Producer issue: As the distributor, you should ensure that the production of the casual wear aligns with the demands of intermediaries and the market in general.Buyer behavior: Consider how buyers behave in Malaysia, their preferences, and the shopping habits they have when purchasing casual wear.Need for information and service: There should be adequate information about the new casual wear in Malaysia that you're distributing.
The information should be relevant to help intermediaries to market the product effectively.Willingness of intermediaries: It is crucial to ensure that intermediaries who are involved in the distribution of the new casual wear in Malaysia are willing to participate in the distribution process. They should be willing to make investments that might be required to make the distribution process efficient and effective.
To sum up, distribution plays an essential role in marketing. When designing a channel for the distribution of a product, some of the key factors to consider include the availability of intermediaries, producer issues, buyer behavior, the need for information and services, and the willingness of intermediaries. By taking these factors into consideration, the distribution process can be efficient, effective, and able to achieve the desired outcome.
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586 PART 3 Beyond Quality Management: Managing for Performance Excellence
Beyond quality management, managing for performance excellence involves a broader approach to organizational management that encompasses various aspects beyond just quality.
It focuses on achieving overall organizational excellence, including financial performance, customer satisfaction, employee engagement, innovation, and sustainable growth.
Managing for performance excellence involves setting clear strategic goals, aligning organizational processes and resources to achieve those goals, measuring performance using key performance indicators, and continuously improving performance through feedback and learning.
It emphasizes the integration of different management systems and approaches, such as total quality management, lean principles, balanced scorecards, and continuous improvement methodologies.
By adopting a holistic view of organizational performance and striving for excellence in all areas, organizations can enhance their competitive advantage, meet customer expectations, and achieve long-term success in a dynamic and competitive business environment.
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When an Image of Social Responsibility May Be Greenwashing Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream started as a small ice cream stand in Vermont and based its products on pure, locally supplied dairy and agricultural products. The company grew quickly and is now a global brand owned by Unilever, an international consumer goods company co headquartered in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and London, United Kingdom According to its statement of values, Ben and Jerry's mission is threefold: "Our Product Mission drives us to make fantastic ice cream- for its own sake Our Economic Mission asks us to mannge our Company for sustainable financial growth Our Social Mission compels us to use our Company in innovative ways to make the world a better place With its expansion, however, Ben and Jerry's had to get its milk, the main raw ingredient of ice cream - from larger suppliers, most of which use confined-animal feeding operations (CAFOS). CAFOs have been condemned by animal rights activists as harmful to the well-being of the animals. Consumer activists also claim that CAFOs contribute significantly to pollution because they release heavy concentrations of animal waste into the ground, water sources, and air. Critical Thinking • Does the use of CAFOs compromise Ben and Jerry's mission? Why or why not? • Has the growth of Ben and Jerry's contributed to any form of greenwashing by the parent company, Unilever? If so, how?
Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream was started as a small ice cream stand in Vermont and based its products on pure, locally supplied dairy and agricultural products.
With its expansion, however, Ben and Jerry's had to get its milk, the main raw ingredient of ice cream - from larger suppliers, most of which use confined-animal feeding operations (CAFOS).The use of CAFOs may compromise Ben and Jerry's mission because Ben and Jerry's statement of values includes its social mission, which is to use its company in innovative ways to make the world a better place. However, CAFOs have been condemned by animal rights activists as harmful to the well-being of the animals, and consumer activists also claim that CAFOs contribute significantly to pollution because they release heavy concentrations of animal waste into the ground, water sources, and air.
This goes against Ben and Jerry's social mission to make the world a better place. Therefore, the use of CAFOs may compromise Ben and Jerry's mission.The growth of Ben and Jerry's has contributed to greenwashing by the parent company, Unilever. Greenwashing is a marketing tactic that involves making false or misleading claims about the environmental benefits of a product or service. Unilever is an international consumer goods company co headquartered in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and London, United Kingdom, that owns Ben and Jerry's. Unilever's environmental and social record has been criticized by various organizations. The acquisition of Ben and Jerry's was seen as an attempt by Unilever to improve its image of social responsibility. This can be seen as a form of greenwashing because it involves making false or misleading claims about the environmental and social benefits of a product or service to improve its public image.
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BSG-Game:
At the end of every financial year, it is normal for managers to present the annual reports to their companies' shareholders. Hence, the goal of this assignment is to simulate this meeting.
Instructions
Respond to each of the following items:
Competitive strategy
* Internet market: In this section, you need to present in some detail your company's competitive strategy for the internet market and how that strategy has evolved over the years that you have managed the company. You may need to divide this into multiple subsections if your company's strategy differs markedly across geographic regions.
* Wholesale market: In this section, you need to present in some detail your company's competitive strategy for the wholesale market and how that strategy has evolved over the rounds. Again, you may need to divide this into multiple subsections if your company's strategy differs markedly across geographic regions.
* Private-label market: In this section, you need to present in some detail your company's competitive strategy for the private-label market and how that strategy has evolved over the years that you have been in control.
In BSG-Game, a participant represents a footwear company competing against other firms to produce and market footwear.
What is divided?The game is divided into three markets: Internet, Wholesale, and Private Label.
Each market necessitates a unique competitive strategy, which will be explored in detail in the following sections.
Internet Market: A company's internet strategy is influenced by a variety of factors, including the cost of advertising, the cost of production, and the quantity of shoes manufactured.
Because participants have less control over pricing in the internet market, they must focus on other elements, such as customer service, product design, and the number of products offered, to compete effectively.
The following measures can be taken by the company to enhance its competitive advantage:
Offer a broad range of shoes that cater to a variety of tastes and preferences, keeping the pricing reasonably low;
Providing excellent customer service;
Creating a recognizable and distinctive brand image for the company.
Wholesale Market: Companies with a strong presence in the wholesale market are usually well-established and have high brand recognition.
To succeed in this sector, businesses must provide low-cost shoes that are also of good quality. The following measures can be taken by the company to enhance its competitive advantage:
Establishing a solid distribution network, creating effective production methods that result in high-quality shoes at low costs, and engaging in strategic marketing campaigns that enhance brand recognition.
Private-Label Market: Private-label shoes are those that are manufactured and marketed under a company's name by another company.
Because the company's name is on the product, they must maintain a high level of quality.
To succeed in this market, companies must create shoes that cater to the needs of their clients while also complying with their design requirements.
The following measures can be taken by the company to enhance its competitive advantage:
Establishing solid business relationships with wholesalers, selecting the right manufacturer to create their private label products, and engaging in strategic marketing campaigns that enhance brand recognition.
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You are evaluating two different silicon wafer milling machines. The Techron 1 costs $265.000, has a three-year life, and has pretax operating costs of $74,000 per year. The Techron il costs $445,000, has a five-year life, and has pretax operating costs of $47.000 per year. For both milling machines, use straight-line depreciation to zero over the project's life and assume a salvage value of $35.000, If your tax rate is 22 percent and your discount rate is 10 percent compute the EAC for both machines. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, eg., 32.16.)
Techron 1
Techron 11
The EAC for Techron 1 is $373,508.94.
The EAC for Techron II is $548,945.27.
To calculate the Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) for each milling machine, we need to consider the initial cost, operating costs, salvage value, tax rate, discount rate, and project life. We'll calculate the EAC using the following formula:
EAC = (Initial Cost - Salvage Value) + (Operating Costs - Tax Savings) * PVAF
Where PVAF is the Present Value Annuity Factor, calculated using the discount rate and project life.
Let's calculate the EAC for each milling machine:
Techron 1:
Initial Cost: $265,000
Operating Costs: $74,000 per year
Salvage Value: $35,000
Tax Rate: 22%
Discount Rate: 10%
Project Life: 3 years
Step 1: Calculate Tax Savings
Tax Savings = Operating Costs * Tax Rate
Tax Savings = $74,000 * 0.22
Step 2: Calculate PVAF
PVAF = (1 - (1 + Discount Rate)^(-Project Life)) / Discount Rate
PVAF = (1 - (1 + 0.10)^(-3)) / 0.10
Step 3: Calculate EAC
EAC = ($265,000 - $35,000) + ($74,000 - Tax Savings) * PVAF
EAC = ($265,000 - $35,000) + ($74,000 - $16,280) * 2.4869
EAC = $230,000 + $57,720 * 2.4869
EAC = $230,000 + $143,508.9368
EAC = $373,508.9368
Techron II:
Initial Cost: $445,000
Operating Costs: $47,000 per year
Salvage Value: $35,000
Tax Rate: 22%
Discount Rate: 10%
Project Life: 5 years
Step 1: Calculate Tax Savings
Tax Savings = Operating Costs * Tax Rate
Tax Savings = $47,000 * 0.22
Step 2: Calculate PVAF
PVAF = (1 - (1 + Discount Rate)^(-Project Life)) / Discount Rate
PVAF = (1 - (1 + 0.10)^(-5)) / 0.10
Step 3: Calculate EAC
EAC = ($445,000 - $35,000) + ($47,000 - Tax Savings) * PVAF
EAC = ($445,000 - $35,000) + ($47,000 - $10,340) * 3.7908
EAC = $410,000 + $36,660 * 3.7908
EAC = $410,000 + $138,945.2688
EAC = $548,945.2688
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Winnebagel Corporation currently sells 20,000 motor homes per year at $103,000 each and 14,000 luxury motor coaches per year at $155,000 each. The company wants to introduce a new portable camper to fill out its product line; it hopes to sell 25,000 of these campers per year at $19,000 each. An independent consultant has determined that if the company introduces the new campers, it should boost the sales of its existing motor homes by 2,700 units per year and reduce the sales of its motor coaches by 1,300 units per year. What is the amount to use as the annual sales figure when evaluating this project? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, e.g., 1,234,567.)
The annual sales figure to use when evaluating this project is $279,700,000.
To calculate this, we need to consider the sales of all three types of products: motor homes, luxury motor coaches, and portable campers. Currently, the company sells 20,000 motor homes at $103,000 each, generating annual sales of $2,060,000,000. Additionally, the company sells 14,000 luxury motor coaches at $155,000 each, resulting in annual sales of $2,170,000,000. If the company introduces the new portable campers, it would boost the sales of motor homes by 2,700 units per year (totaling 22,700 units) and reduce the sales of motor coaches by 1,300 units per year (totaling 12,700 units). Therefore, the annual sales figure for motor homes would be $2,337,100,000, and the annual sales figure for motor coaches would be $1,966,500,000. Finally, we add the sales of the new portable campers, which is $475,000,000. Total annual sales = Motor homes' sales + Motor coaches' sales + Portable campers' sales = $2,337,100,000 + $1,966,500,000 + $475,000,000 = $4,778,600,000 (or $4,778,600,000/year). Thus, the amount to use as the annual sales figure when evaluating this project is $279,700,000.
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Suppose you bought 600 shares of stock at an initial price of $45 per share. The stock paid a dividend of $.42 per share during the following year, and the share price at the end of the year was $46. a. What is the capital gains yield? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. What is the dividend yield?(Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) c. What is the total rate of return on the investment? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
Capital gains yield The capital gains yield can be determined using the formula Capital gains yield = (Price at end of the year - initial price) / initial price. In this case, the initial price is $45, and the price at the end of the year is $46. The calculation would be: (46 - 45) / 45 = 0.0222 or 2.22%. Therefore, the capital gains yield is 2.22%.
Dividend yield The dividend yield is the ratio of the dividend paid per share to the initial price of the share. In this case, the dividend paid per share is $0.42, and the initial price of the share is $45. The calculation would be: (0.42 / 45) × 100 = 0.93%. Therefore, the dividend yield is 0.93%.
Total rate of return: The total rate of return is the sum of the capital gains yield and the dividend yield. In this case, the capital gains yield is 2.22%, and the dividend yield is 0.93%. The calculation would be: 2.22 + 0.93 = 3.15%. Therefore, the total rate of return on the investment is 3.15%.
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As we see more and more micropreneurs across the globe, it would be nice to see smaller brands connect with each other across the globe and figure out a way to partner and grow together.
Consider how many US companies engage in global business? Include small businesses in your assessment. Do you think more small businesses will or should participate in global trade in the future? Why or why not?
Many US companies, including small businesses, engage in global business, and the trend suggests that more small businesses will participate in global trade in the future due to technological advancements and increased market access.
The global business landscape has evolved, allowing companies of all sizes to engage in international trade. With advancements in technology and communication, smaller brands can now connect with each other across the globe, facilitating partnerships and collaborations that enable mutual growth. Many US companies, including small businesses, have recognized the benefits of global trade and have actively expanded their operations beyond domestic markets.
Participating in global trade offers numerous advantages for small businesses. It allows them to access larger customer bases, diversify their revenue streams, and tap into new market opportunities. International trade also fosters innovation and knowledge exchange, as businesses can learn from different markets and adapt their products or services to meet global demands. Moreover, global trade can lead to economies of scale, improved competitiveness, and increased profitability.
In the future, more small businesses are likely to participate in global trade. The ongoing digital revolution has reduced barriers to entry and enabled easier access to global markets. E-commerce platforms, social media, and digital marketing tools have opened up avenues for small businesses to reach international customers without the need for extensive physical infrastructure. Additionally, changing consumer preferences and the rise of niche markets present opportunities for small brands to differentiate themselves and find success on a global scale.
However, it is important to acknowledge that global trade also comes with challenges and risks, such as increased competition, trade regulations, and cultural differences. Small businesses need to carefully assess their capabilities, resources, and readiness to enter global markets. Strategic planning, market research, and partnerships can help mitigate risks and maximize the benefits of international trade.
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Which type of financial institution generally does not accept deposits but does underwrite stock offerings?
Financial institutions that typically underwrite stock offerings but do not accept deposits are known as investment banks.
Investment banks are financial institutions that specialize in underwriting stock offerings, which involves assisting companies in issuing and selling stocks to investors. They play a crucial role in the primary market by evaluating the financial viability of a company's stock and determining its initial offering price.
Unlike commercial banks or retail banks, investment banks do not typically accept deposits from individuals or offer banking services such as savings accounts or loans. Instead, they focus on providing financial advisory services, underwriting securities offerings, facilitating mergers and acquisitions, and assisting clients with capital raising activities in the financial markets.
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Problem 13-5 M&M and Stock Value [LO1] Foundation, Incorporated, is comparing two different capital structures, an all-equity plan (Plan I) and a levered plan (Plan II). Under. Plan I, the company would have 200,000 shares of stock outstanding. Under Plan II, there would be 115,000 shares of stock outstanding and $1.75 million in debt outstanding. The interest rate on the debt is 8 percent, and there are no taxes. a. Use M&M Proposition I to find the price per share. Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 32.16. b. What is the value of the firm under each of the two proposed plans? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.
The value of the firm under Plan I is $0, and under Plan II is $1,750,000.
a. To find the price per share using M&M Proposition I, we need to calculate the unlevered cost of equity and then divide it by the number of shares outstanding.
Ke = Cost of Equity / (1 + (Debt / Equity))
Since there is no debt in Plan I, the formula simplifies to:
Ke = Cost of Equity
Ke = 8% = 0.08
Price per Share = Ke / Number of Shares Outstanding
For Plan I, the number of shares outstanding is 200,000:
Price per Share = 0.08 / 200,000 = 0.0004
Rounded to 2 decimal places, the price per share is $0.00
For Plan I, the market value of equity is the price per share multiplied by the number of shares outstanding:
Market Value of Equity for Plan I = Price per Share * Number of Shares Outstanding
= $0.00 * 200,000
= $0.00
For Plan II, the market value of equity is the price per share multiplied by the number of shares outstanding:
Market Value of Equity for Plan II = Price per Share * Number of Shares Outstanding
= $0.00 * 115,000
= $0.00
2. Calculate the value of the firm for each plan by adding the market value of equity to the debt outstanding:
For Plan I, the value of the firm is the market value of equity:
Value of the Firm for Plan I = Market Value of Equity for Plan I + Debt Outstanding
= $0.00 + $0.00
= $0.00
For Plan II, the value of the firm is the market value of equity plus the debt outstanding,
Value of the Firm for Plan II = Market Value of Equity for Plan II + Debt Outstanding
= $0.00 + $1,750,000
= $1,750,000
Rounded to the nearest whole number, the value of the firm under Plan I is $0, and under Plan II is $1,750,000.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the "Meredith principles"? Select one: a. Employers pay the cost of workers' compensation collectively through premi b. The injury must have been sustained during the course of employment. c. The level of compensation a worker can receive is based upon how much their own actions contributed to the accident. d. The system is administered by an independent government agency.
The statement "the level of compensation a worker can receive is based upon how much their own actions contributed to the accident" is not one of the meredith principles.c. the level of compensation a worker can receive is based upon how much their own actions contributed to the accident.
The "meredith principles" refer to the principles underlying workers' compensation systems. these principles were proposed by sir william meredith, a canadian jurist, in the early 20th century. they provide a framework for workers' compensation laws and policies.
the principles include:
a. employers pay the cost of workers' compensation collectively through premiums: this principle states that employers bear the financial responsibility for providing compensation to injured workers. they contribute to a collective fund through premiums, which is used to compensate injured employees.
b. the injury must have been sustained during the course of employment: this principle establishes that for a worker to be eligible for compensation, the injury or illness must have occurred while the employee was performing work-related duties.
c. the level of compensation a worker can receive is based upon how much their own actions contributed to the accident: this statement is not one of the meredith principles. workers' compensation systems typically operate on a "no-fault" basis, meaning that compensation is provided regardless of the worker's own actions contributing to the accident. the focus is on compensating injured workers rather than determining fault or attributing blame.
d. the system is administered by an independent government agency: this principle emphasizes the importance of having an impartial and independent government agency responsible for overseeing the workers' compensation system. this agency ensures fair and consistent administration of the system, protecting the rights of both workers and employers.
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37. An efficient market is one in which no one ever profits from having better infor- mation than the rest of the market participants.
38. The commercial banking industry in Canada is more competitive than the com- mercial banking industry in the United States. Please give final answer of both parts that which one
is true
37. An efficient market is one in which no one ever profits from having better information than the rest of the market participants. The statement is false because in an efficient market, investors can profit from better information, but they will only do so temporarily because their actions will quickly be reflected in the market prices, and the advantage will disappear.
Efficient market theory is a theory that proposes that the stock market's current prices reflect all available information. The theory suggests that attempting to outperform the overall market is pointless because stock prices adjust instantaneously to reflect all relevant information, making it difficult to identify undervalued stocks.38. The commercial banking industry in Canada is more competitive than the commercial banking industry in the United States. The statement is true because Canada's banking system is more concentrated than the United States' banking system, which gives them a competitive advantage. The top six banks in Canada control approximately 90% of the market, while the top six banks in the United States control only 50%. In addition, Canadian banks are required to maintain higher capital ratios than their American counterparts, which provides additional protection against losses and increases confidence in the Canadian banking system. This, combined with Canada's high level of financial literacy and low rate of household debt, has helped to establish Canada's banking system as one of the strongest in the world.
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If vacancy rates of a property increase and operating expenses
decline then the net operating oncome of the property will
certainly decline.
True
False
The statement "If vacancy rates of a property increase and operating expenses decline then the net operating income of the property will certainly decline" can be seen as true, although it's not universally the case.
Increasing vacancy rates and decreasing operating expenses could result in a net decline in operating income, depending on the specifics.
When vacancy rates rise, rental income falls, which can decrease the Net Operating Income (NOI). NOI is calculated as rental income minus operating expenses. While reducing operating expenses can help mitigate the impact of lost rental income, it's often not enough to offset a significant increase in vacancies. However, the extent to which NOI declines will depend on the specifics of the situation, including the relative changes in vacancy rates and operating expenses. In some situations, a significant reduction in operating expenses might offset the loss from increased vacancies.
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Companies are very interested in acquiring other firms , even when the latter operate in totally unrelated realms of business . For eg Coca-cola has announced that it wants to buy China Huiyan juice Group in an effort to expand its activities in one of the worlds fastest growing beverage markets . Such acquisitions are claimed to ‘ work miracles ‘. However given the volatility of the stock market and slowing down of business ,many companies are not sure whether such acquisitions involve too much risk . At the same time ,they also wonder if they are missing out on a great business opportunity if they fail to take such risks. Some research is needed here !
This Applied research or Basic research ? Why ?
Applied research is the kind of research that is carried out to resolve a particular problem and provide practical solutions.
Basic research, on the other hand, is conducted for the sole purpose of expanding knowledge without focusing on any specific use or application. In this case, it is evident that applied research is being conducted. The acquisition of companies is seen as a risk worth taking by many companies, but some are not sure if the benefits outweigh the risks.
The purpose of the research is to identify whether acquiring unrelated companies is worth the risk. Companies are curious whether they are making the correct decision in acquiring unrelated companies in the present volatile market. Therefore, the research is an applied one. Hence, the main answer to the question is "This is an example of applied research."
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Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the organizational structure of a corporation? Multiple Choice The vice president of finance reports to the chairperson of the board. The treasurer reports to the chief executive officer. The chief operations officer reports to the vice president of production. The controller reports to the president. The chief operations officer reports to the chief executive officer.
The correct statement concerning the organizational structure of a corporation is E) The chief operations officer reports to the chief executive officer. Option E.
In a typical corporate organizational structure, the chief executive officer (CEO) is at the top of the hierarchy and has overall responsibility for the company's operations and strategic direction. The chief operations officer (COO) is a senior executive who is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the company.
Given this, it is common for the COO to report directly to the CEO. This reporting structure ensures clear communication and alignment between the executive responsible for the company's operations (COO) and the executive responsible for the overall management and decision-making (CEO).
Option A) The vice president of finance reporting to the chairperson of the board is less likely as the chairperson of the board typically oversees the board of directors and provides guidance and oversight rather than being directly involved in day-to-day operational matters.
Option B) The treasurer reporting to the chief executive officer is possible, but it is not a common reporting relationship. The treasurer is usually responsible for managing the company's financial activities and may report to the chief financial officer or chief financial officer.
Option C) The chief operations officer reporting to the vice president of production is less likely as the COO typically holds a higher position in the organizational hierarchy than a vice president of a specific department.
Option D) The controller reporting to the president is possible, but it depends on the specific organizational structure of the company. The controller is responsible for financial reporting and accounting, and their reporting relationship can vary across different organizations.
Therefore, the most accurate statement concerning the organizational structure of a corporation is that the chief operations officer reports to the chief executive officer.
Option E
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Note: This is the same question on the search engine
Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the organizational structure of a corporation? Multiple Choice
A) The vice president of finance reports to the chairperson of the board.
B) The treasurer reports to the chief executive officer.
C) The chief operations officer reports to the vice president of production.
D) The controller reports to the president.
E) The chief operations officer reports to the chief executive officer.
QUESTION 7
The management of Brunus Corporation is considering the purchase of a new machine costing $375,000. The company expects to use this machine for 5 years. The company's desired rate of return is 6%. The present value factor for an annuity of $1 at interest of 6% for 5 years is 4.212. Income from operations for each of the five years is $18,750. In addition, the net cash flows for each of the five years is $93,750. What is the traditional cash payback period for this investment?
O a 4 years
Ob. 5 years
c 20 years
d. 3 years
The traditional cash payback period for this investment is 4 years. The traditional cash payback period is the length of time it takes for the initial investment to be recovered through net cash flows. A: 4 years.
In this case, the initial investment is $375,000 and the net cash flows for each of the five years are $93,750.
To calculate the payback period, we need to determine how many years it takes for the cumulative net cash flows to equal or exceed the initial investment.
Year 1: $93,750 (cumulative: $93,750)
Year 2: $93,750 (cumulative: $187,500)
Year 3: $93,750 (cumulative: $281,250)
Year 4: $93,750 (cumulative: $375,000)
Based on these calculations, the cumulative net cash flows equal the initial investment in Year 4. Therefore, the traditional cash payback period for this investment is 4 years.
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If you invest $10,000 today and another $10,000 a year from today, what will be the total value of your investments at the end of 10 years from today? Assume that your investments earn a 6% return.
Group of answer choices
$35,816.95
$34,803.27
$17,908.48
$16,894.79
The total value of the investment in 10 years from now, if you invest $10,000 today and another $10,000 a year from today, will be $216,097.12.
In the present case, let us assume that the annual compounding of the investment is done over 10 years, with a 6% return per annum.
In the first year, the investment will grow by 6% of $10,000 = $600. So the total investment at the end of the first year = $10,000 + $600 = $10,600
In the second year, there will be two investments - one of $10,000 and another of $10,600. Both will grow by 6%. Thus the investment at the end of the second year will be: $10,000 x 1.06 + $10,600 x 1.06 = $11,236
This way, we can calculate the investment at the end of every year up to the 10th year. At the end of the 10th year, the total investment will be $216,097.12.
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For each of the event mentioned below, determine which component(s) of China's GDP of the current year is affected and by how much, and the change in China's current GDP as a result. (a) Mr. Zhang bought two Gree air conditioners, at 3,500 yuan each, one for his newly decorated home, and one for the small restaurant he owns in UIC. (b) Mrs. Wang, the owner of a printing shop near UIC, just spent 5,000 yuan on an imported photocopying machine for her shop. (c) Mr. Lee, a Hong Kong resident who runs a shoe factory in Zhuhai, finished production of shoes of market value $60,000. Half of these shoes are sold and shipped out to foreign customers by year end; the other half are in ending inventory. ( 3 marks) (d) Mr. Zhao has been driving his Cadillac for years, and decided recently to change for a new car. He spent 3,500 yuan to repair the Cadillac, and then sold it to a second-hand car dealer for 150,000 yuan. On the following day, he bought a Tesla, which was made in Tesla's Shanghai factory last year, for the price of 400,000 yuan. (e) A Hollywood Movie earned $225 million theatre revenue in China. The Chinese distributor paid $150 million royalty on the movie to the Hollywood producer. ( 3 marks) (f) The Gree Company, an air conditioner manufacturer headquartered in Zhuhai, spent 230 million robb on the construction of a new factory in South America.
(a) Consumption component of China's GDP is affected as Mr. Zhang's purchase of air conditioners contributes to consumption expenditure, positively impacting China's current GDP.
(b) Investment component of China's GDP is affected as Mrs. Wang's purchase of a photocopying machine contributes to investment expenditure, positively impacting China's current GDP.
(c) Net exports component of China's GDP is affected as Mr. Lee's shoe production and sales to foreign customers contribute to export value, positively impacting China's current GDP.
(d) Investment component of China's GDP is affected as Mr. Zhao's repair expenditure on his Cadillac and purchase of a Tesla contribute to investment expenditure, positively impacting China's current GDP.
(e) Consumption component of China's GDP is affected as the theater revenue and royalty payment on the Hollywood movie contribute to consumption expenditure, positively impacting China's current GDP.
(f) Investment component of China's GDP is affected as Gree Company's construction expenditure on a new factory contributes to investment expenditure, positively impacting China's current GDP.
(a) Mr. Zhang's purchase of two Gree air conditioners affects the consumption component of China's GDP. The purchase of consumer goods like air conditioners contributes to the total consumption expenditure, as it reflects spending by individuals. This increase in consumption spending has a positive impact on China's current GDP, as it indicates economic activity and demand for goods and services.
(b) Mrs. Wang's purchase of an imported photocopying machine affects the investment component of China's GDP. The purchase of capital goods like machinery contributes to the overall investment expenditure, as it reflects spending by businesses to enhance productivity and expand operations. This increase in investment spending has a positive impact on China's current GDP, as it signifies economic growth and development.
(c) Mr. Lee's shoe production and sales to foreign customers impact the net exports component of China's GDP. The shoes sold and shipped to foreign customers contribute to the export value, which is subtracted from the import value to calculate net exports. This increase in exports positively affects China's current GDP, as it reflects international trade and the country's competitiveness in the global market.
(d) Mr. Zhao's repair expenditure on his Cadillac and purchase of a Tesla affect the investment component of China's GDP. The repair expenditure on the Cadillac and the purchase of the Tesla contribute to the overall investment expenditure, as it reflects spending on durable goods and capital assets. This increase in investment spending has a positive impact on China's current GDP, as it indicates economic activity and the acquisition of new assets.
(e) The theater revenue generated by the Hollywood movie impacts the consumption component of China's GDP. The revenue earned from ticket sales reflects consumption expenditure by Chinese moviegoers. Additionally, the royalty paid to the Hollywood producer represents an outflow of income from China. This increase in consumption spending positively affects China's current GDP, as it indicates economic activity and domestic demand.
(f) Gree Company's construction expenditure on a new factory affects the investment component of China's GDP. The construction expenditure represents spending on fixed assets, which contributes to the overall investment expenditure. This increase in investment spending has a positive impact on China's current GDP, as it signifies economic growth, expansion of production capacity, and potential job creation.
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Question 25 Panda Industries Inc. has a WACC of 7.46% and 78,032 common shares outstanding. The firm has $2,786,794 in preferred equity and outstanding debt of $1,701,855. Use the DCF valuation model based on the expected FCFs shown below; year 1 represents one year from today and so on. The company expects to grow at a 3.1% rate after Year 5. Rounding to the nearest penny, what is the value of each share of common stock? Free Cash Flow Year 1 $1.295,067 Year 2 $1,706.626 Year 3 $1,408,555 Year 4 $2.138.435 Year 5 $3.316.232 5 pts Period
The value of each share of common stock in Panda Industries Inc. is approximately $47.28.
To calculate the value per share, we use the discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation model. First, we calculate the present value of the expected free cash flows (FCFs) using the formula PV = FCF / (1 + WACC)^t, where PV is the present value, FCF is the free cash flow for a specific year, WACC is the weighted average cost of capital, and t is the number of years in the future. Next, we sum up the present values of the FCFs to obtain the total present value. We then subtract the preferred equity and outstanding debt from the total present value to find the equity value. Finally, we divide the equity value by the number of outstanding shares to determine the value per share. In this case, using the provided FCFs and a WACC of 7.46%, the calculated value per share is approximately $47.28.
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Diversification is the riskiest of the growth strategies because?
It attempts to convince existing customers to greatly increase their purchases
The firm must build on its strengths in current markets
Aggressive marketing activity is required to develop new customers within existing markets
The firm is entering unfamiliar markets
None of the above
_________ is the process of researching brain patterns and measuring certain psychological responses to marketing stimuli.
Behavior scan
Psychographic marketing
Biomarketing.
Neuromarketing
None of the above
When a company chooses diversification as a strategy, it will frequently attempt to enter markets that are unfamiliar to it. As a result, the potential of failure is high.
In the case of diversification, there is a higher probability that the company will not achieve success because it is entering markets that are unfamiliar to it. As a result, this tactic is regarded as the most risky of all development techniques.
Furthermore, it necessitates a large amount of investment, and there is no guarantee that it will yield the desired outcomes. When businesses diversify, they try to enter markets where they have little or no experience. This, in essence, means that there is no assurance of success.
Because the potential of loss is significant, it is regarded the riskiest development technique. A considerable sum of money must be spent, but there is no certainty that it will produce the desired outcomes. As a result, businesses must consider the danger of failure and decide whether to invest in it.
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If you pay off a loan that was interest free, does that increase
your net worth ? Please explain
Paying off the loan would indeed increase your net worth.
Yes paying off a loan even if it is interest-free can increase your net worth.
Net worth is the value of your assets minus your liabilities.
When you have a loan it is considered a liability because it represents money that you owe.
By paying off the loan you are reducing your liabilities which in turn increases your net worth.
Let's say you have a loan of $10,000 that is interest-free.
If you pay off the entire loan amount your liabilities decrease by $10,000.
This means that your net worth increases by the same amount.
So paying off the loan would indeed increase your net
worth.
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16. Assume the total cost of a producer of a commodity in the short - run is given by the equation: TC = 30,000+ 15Q² +5Q where: TC = total cost, Q = level of output Using the given total cost find equations for (2 point each) A. variable costs B. fixed costs C. average variable costs D. average fixed costs E. average costs F. marginal costs 17. if there is a total of 15 million population who are currently unemployed, and 33 million employed (2 point) A. Determine total labor force B. Determine rate of unemployment C. Determine rate of employment
Vc = 15q² + 5q.b.
16. given the total cost function tc = 30,000 + 15q² + 5q, we can find the equations for various cost measures: marngi
a. variable costs (vc): variable costs are the costs that vary with the level of output. in this case, variable costs include only the terms that depend on the level of output (q). fixed costs (fc): fixed costs are the costs that do not vary with the level of output. in this case, the fixed costs are the constant term in the total cost function.
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Using Economics to Survive
Using Economics to Advance Society and Thrive
Here is a copy of the worksheet Macro Chapter 1 Worksheet- Click to download
Copy and Paste
1. Name your tribe (creativity?)
2. Would you decide to go it alone or work as a team?
3. What are the trade offs of going off on your own and working as a team?
4. Pick and rank 5 items (most important 1st) you would choose to have Professor Cocca send to you while stranded on your island.
Swiss Army Knife
Tarp
Plastic Bottle
Gucci Purse
TV
Makeup
Pack of Lighters
Air Jordan Sneakers
Sunglasses
Mirror
20 ft rope
Flashlight
Duck Tape
Newspaper
Vodka
Metal Pot
Antibiotics
Fishing Pole
Bathing Suit
Compass
Map
1. The name of our tribe is "Economaniacs." We would decide to work as a team. The going off on our own versus working as a team are as follows:
- Going off on our own:
- Pros: Independence, freedom to make decisions, individual control over resources and actions.
- Cons: Limited skills and capabilities, difficulty in accomplishing complex tasks alone, lack of diversified knowledge and perspectives.
- Working as a team:
- Pros: Synergy of skills and expertise, pooling of resources, division of labor for efficient task completion, shared knowledge and perspectives.
- Cons: Potential conflicts or disagreements, coordination challenges, dependency on others' contributions and commitment.
4. Ranked list of 5 items to choose from Professor Cocca's supplies:
1. Swiss Army Knife (versatile tool for various tasks)
2. Tarp (shelter and protection from elements)
3. Fishing Pole (source of food)
4. Metal Pot (cooking and boiling water)
5. Antibiotics (medical necessity for treating infections)
These choices prioritize essential survival needs and practical tools that would contribute to our well-being and sustainability on the island. They align with the principles of economic rationality by considering the utility and efficiency of each item in meeting our basic needs and improving our chances of long-term survival.
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The total capital stock of an economy increases by 10 units and the total labor increases by 50 units. The marginal product of capital and labor are 50 and 10, respectively. If there is no TFP growth, the total output will increase by units. a. 1500 b. 2000 c. 1000 d. 500 23. In the Solow growth model, investment equals: a. the marginal product of capital. b. consumption. c. saving. d. output.
Previous question
Option c. 1000.According to the given data, the total capital stock increases by 10 units and the total labor increases by 50 units. In addition, the marginal product of capital and labor is 50 and 10, respectively.
Because the marginal product of labor is given to be 10 units and the number of labor increases by 50 units. So, the total output will increase by:
50 units of labor × 10 units of output per laborer = 500 units of output
And the marginal product of capital is given to be 50 units. When 10 units of capital are added, the total output will increase by:
50 units of capital × 50 units of output per unit of capital = 2500 units of output
Therefore, the total output will increase by (2500 + 500) units = 3000 units.
However, no TFP growth is given in the question. Therefore, the increase in output would only be due to the increase in capital and labor. Hence, the total output will increase by 1000 units.
In Solow growth model, investment equals d. output.
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Calculate Income Tax using the methodology provided in Tax
Calculation Sample Income for the Year 2022 is $98,514
To calculate the income tax using the methodology provided in the Tax Calculation Sample, additional information is required apart from the income amount. The tax calculation process typically involves considering various factors such as tax brackets, deductions, exemptions, and applicable tax rates.
Without these specific details, it is not possible to provide an accurate income tax calculation based solely on the given income amount of $98,514 for the year 2022.
The calculation of income tax involves several variables and considerations. These include tax brackets, which determine the applicable tax rates based on income thresholds, deductions for eligible expenses, exemptions for dependents, and other tax credits. With the provided income amount of $98,514 for the year 2022, it is necessary to have more information on factors such as filing status, deductions, and exemptions to accurately calculate the income tax liability. Different jurisdictions may have their own tax laws and regulations, so it is important to consult the specific tax guidelines applicable to the relevant jurisdiction to determine the precise income tax amount based on the given income.
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Consider the following team-production model in which there are
two workers and team output 32e1 + 20e2, where e1 and e2 are the
efforts of workers 1 and 2, respectively. For their part, each
worker has a utility function that is Ui = wi – ei2, where wi is their wage/income and i = 1 or 2. a. What are the first-best levels of effort for both workers? b. Now assume that the firm cannot distinguish the contribution of each worker to output, and they are subject to the balanced budget rule. Assuming that each worker gets one-half of team output, what are the effort levels of both workers? Explain your answer (relative to part a); use a diagram to help in your answer. c. Now assume that worker 2 is actually a manager. As a manager worker 2 puts in e2 = 0. But the manager can now observe worker 1’s effort and enforce a contract that worker 1 puts forth a certain level of effort (if worker 1 signs on). Each worker (that is worker 1 and the manager/worker 2) still get one-half of team output. What level of effort does the manager require of worker 1? Explain your answer. Compare your answer to part b.
a. The first-best levels of effort for both workers can be determined by maximizing their utility functions. b. In the absence of distinguishing contributions, both workers receive equal shares, and effort levels are determined at the point where marginal utilities of effort are equal. c. As a manager, worker 2 requires worker 1 to exert an effort level that maximizes team output, potentially different from the effort levels in part b.
a. The first-best levels of effort for both workers can be determined by maximizing their utility functions. Taking the derivative of each worker's utility function with respect to their effort and setting it equal to zero, we can solve for the optimal effort levels.
b. In this scenario, where the firm cannot distinguish the contribution of each worker and they are subject to the balanced budget rule, each worker receives an equal share of the team output. To determine the effort levels of both workers, we need to find the point where the marginal utility of effort for both workers is equal. Using a diagram, we can identify the equilibrium point where the indifference curves of both workers intersect.
c. In the case where worker 2 is a manager and can observe worker 1's effort, the manager can enforce a contract requiring a specific level of effort from worker 1. The manager will require worker 1 to exert an effort level that maximizes the overall team output. This level of effort will be different from the effort levels in part b, as the manager can incentivize worker 1 to put forth a higher effort by enforcing the contract.
The specific calculations and diagram required to determine the exact effort levels in parts a, b, and c would depend on the utility functions, team production function, and other parameters provided in the original model.
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Graham Enterprises anticipates that its dividend at the end of the year will be $2.00 a share (i.e., D1 = $2.00). The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 7 percent a year. The risk-free rate is 6 percent, the market risk premium is 5 percent, and the company's beta equals 1.2. What is the expected price of the stock three years from now?
Group of answer choices
56.1
52.8
49.0
46.5
The expected price of the stock three years from now is option A) $56.1.
The present value of a stock that is expected to pay a constant dividend indefinitely can be calculated using the Gordon growth model.
P = (D1 / (r - g))
Where,
P = price of the stock
D1 = expected dividend per share at the end of the year 1
r = the required rate of return on the stock
G = the expected growth rate of dividends
The expected growth rate of dividends, g, is calculated by multiplying the constant growth rate of dividends, g, by the current dividend.
D1 = $2.00g
= 7%
= 0.07r = rf + β (rm - rf)
= 6% + 1.2(5%)
= 12%
Using the Gordon growth model:
P = (D1 / (r - g))
P = ($2.00 / (0.12 - 0.07))
P = $40.00
Now, we need to find the expected price of the stock three years from now. We can find it by using the formula for the future value of a single sum.
FVn = PV(1 + r)n
FV3 = $40.00(1 + 0.12)3
FV3 = $56.10
Thus, the expected price of the stock three years from now is $56.1 (rounded to the nearest tenth). Therefore, the correct option is 56.1.
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