The correct statement about niacin is : It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan.
Niacin is a vitamin B that your body produces and uses to convert food into energy. Your skin, digestive system, and nervous system all benefit from it. Although niacin (vitamin B-3) is frequently included in daily multivitamins, most individuals obtain enough niacin through their diets.
The creation of energy from nutrients that produce energy requires niacin.
Supplemental niacin lowers LDL cholesterol while raising HDL cholesterol.
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why, in the evolution of eukaryotes, might it have been advantageous for separate organisms to become united into a single organism? can you describe analogous, more recently evolved, examples of intimate symbioses that function as a single integrated organism?
one celled eukaryotes emerges from prokaryotes. The organisms after sometime evolved from single-celled eukaryotes are known as multicellular fungi, plants, animals.
Eukaryotes are described as a living thing constitute one or more cells, each one of them has an identical nucleus and the genetic source DNA in shape of chromosomes.
All living organism separated from eubacteria and archaea are described as eukaryotes.
It can also be described as any of the one celled or multicellular organism that have a separate nucleus, enclosed in cell membrane.
The reason for separate organism to become united into a single celled organism is not as considered good compare to multi-celled organism. Having a multi-celled organism, specific cells in his body can perform definite tasks which gives him a rapid execution time of these tasks against to a single-celled organism.
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neurogenic shock, or spinal shock, is a phenomenon caused by the inability of the vasomotor center in the brain stem to control blood vessel tone through the sympathetic outflow to the blood vessels. in neurogenic shock, what happens to the heart rate and the skin?
The failure of the vasomotor center in the brain stem to control blood vessel tone by sympathetic outflow to blood vessels results in neurogenic shock, also known as spinal shock. The heart rate is slower during neurogenic shock.
Due to damage to your neural system from a spinal cord injury, you may experience neurogenic shock, which makes it difficult to maintain a stable heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature. This is a dangerous condition that, like other types of shock, can be fatal since your blood flow is inadequate.
The altered physiological state known as spinal shock occurs right away after a spinal cord injury (SCI). It manifests as flaccid paralysis, anesthesia, the absence of bowel and bladder control, and lack of reflex activity.
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the drug is absorbed or taken into the blood- stream by the capillaries from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. this process of diffusion is a
The drug is absorbed or taken into the bloodstream by the capillaries from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. this process of diffusion is a Passive transport.
A type of membrane transport called passive transport moves materials across cell membranes without the use of energy. Active transport uses cellular energy to transfer materials across cell membranes, whereas passive transport uses the second law of thermodynamics.
Passive transport is a phenomena that happens naturally and doesn't require the cell to use energy to move. Diffusion is the process by which chemicals travel passively from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
The rate of diffusion is influenced by the gradient in concentration, the size of the diffusing particles, and the system temperature.
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Remember the law of conservation of mass. The human body uses cellular respiration to make energy. Using the chemical equation for
cellular respiration, explain how the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide inhaled by the lungs is different from the amounts exhaled.
Explain your answer in 1-2 sentences. I NEED HELP
Answer:
cellular respiration uses chemical energy the carbon dioxide is released and glucose is broken down to give energy to the body in cellular respiration .
when we brethe in our lungs expanding size and the ribs move upwards and inwards
when we brethe out our lungs get smaller in size and the ribs move downwards and outwards..
21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide are present in the air we take in, whereas 16.4% oxygen and 4.4% carbon dioxide are present in the air we exhale.
What is cellular respiration?This is due to the fact that when we breathe in air, our cells convert oxygen into energy while also producing carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
The same number of carbon and oxygen atoms that were transformed into carbon dioxide during respiration was also released.
With saving mass or material in this way, respiration has abided by the rule of conservation of mass.
Therefore, cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical component glucose is broken down with oxygen to create carbon dioxide and water.
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What were the top s commodities for all of California in 2021?
Top s commodities for all of California is broiler, corn, soybeans and dairy product
The largest source of cash recipient from the sale of US produced farm commodities were are cattle or calves, corn, wheat soybean dairy product and department of food and agriculture gather data on the economic value of the each of the main crops in California and on the top of the list the California comes which have the agriculture commodities are fruits, trees, nuts, and berries and on the second the lowa comes which have an agriculture commodities are grain , oilseeds and dry beans and dry peas
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ceratosaurs, such as carnotaurus, evolved a much shorter and wider skull than most theropod dinosaurs. what advantage would this have given them during hunting?
Large theropod dinosaurs belonging to the genus Carnotaurus lived in South America between approximately 72 and 69.9 (nice) million years ago. Carnotaurus sastrei is the sole species present.
What makes Carnotaurus so well-liked?Carnotaurus has gained a lot of notoriety due to its prominent part in the Disney animated picture Dinosaur, yet the creature portrayed in the movie is bigger than the genuine Carnotaurus.
The fastest dinosaur was it Carnotaurus?Palaeontologists know that Carnotaurus possessed scales on its back and that, according to research on its tail muscles, it was probably one of the fastest theropods. Despite only being known from one specimen, Carnotaurus is remarkably well preserved.
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Why do predators increase the variety of species living in an ecosystem
Answer:
Predators have profound effects throughout their ecosystems. Dispersing rich nutrients and seeds from foragingthey influence the structure of ecosystems. And by controlling the distribution abundance and diversity of their prey they regulate lower species in the food chain an effect known as trophic cascades.
Explanation:
Which two particles pass through proteins that are part of the inner
membrane of a mitochondrion?
A. NADH molecules
B. Hydrogen ions
C. Glucose molecules
D. Electrons
The two particles that pass through proteins that are part of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion are electrons and hydrogen ions. The correct options are B and D.
What is mitochondria?Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles that produce the majority of the chemical energy required to power the cell's biochemical reactions.
The outer mitochondrial membrane, in contrast to the inner membrane, is permeable to small molecules. This is due to the presence of porin proteins, which form channels that allow free diffusion of molecules smaller than about 6000 daltons.
Hydrogen ions in the matrix space can only pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane via ATP synthase, a membrane protein. ADP is converted to ATP as protons pass through ATP synthase.
The process of producing ATP in mitochondria via chemiosmosis is known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Thus, B and D are correct options.
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Answer:
the answer is B and D
Explanation:
im taking the quiz as i type this
Provide a possible mechanism for why the muscle was unable to maintain a prolonged contraction during fatigue.
Muscles can't sustain prolonged contractions during fatigue because muscles can run out of energy (ATP), so ATP production will be diverted by anaerobic means. The anaerobic process will produce more lactic acid, so lactic acid will accumulate and diffuse into the blood fluid.
What causes muscle fatigue other than lactic acid buildup?Several opinions explain the onset of muscle fatigue, including:
Lactic acid accumulation is the cause of muscle fatigue.Due to the accumulation of free H+ derived from the hydrolysis of ATP and anaerobic glycolysis in exercising muscles.In increasing exercise intensity, energy is mainly obtained from the hydrolysis of ATP and anaerobic glycolysis. Both of these processes produce free H+. With the increasing intensity and demand for ATP, the process of anaerobic glycolysis and ATP hydrolysis increases. In this condition, there is an increase in the concentration of H+ ions from anaerobic glycolysis and ATP hydrolysis, and if the buffering capacity of the cells is exceeded, the accumulation of free H+ will cause muscle fatigue.
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you look at a cell and see 14 tetrads on the metaphase plate. from this information you would know that
If at metaphase plate in a cell there are 14 tetrads the we can confirm that this is a non human cell in metaphase 1
The tetrads moves to metaphase plate during meiosis 1 and their kinetochore point in opposite direction towards opposite poles. They align themselves in a line at the equator plate. This occurrence is the second process by which the gametes or spores acquire variety. Tetrads are formed by homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. These pairs align to form the metaphase plate during metaphase I at the intersection of the cell's two poles.
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what would you expect the scaling coefficient (b) to be when comparing the growth of an organisms surface area (y) when compared to its mass (x) if it is scaling isometrically? group of answer choices
Dimensions of the new shape x the scaling coefficient factor the original shape's dimensions. Ontogenetic allometry is the measurement of an organism's surface area (y) as a function of its mass (x).
How do cell volume and surface area relate to one another? Why are they so diminutive?A cell's surface area grows in proportion to its radius square, but its volume grows in proportion to its radius cube as the radius of the cell increases (much more rapidly). Consequently, a cell's surface area to volume ratio declines as it grows larger.
What exactly are allometric and isometric growth?The growth rates of certain body sections vary from those of the entire body during allometric growth. Body parts develop at the same rate as the rest of the body in isometric growth, in contrast. In summary, whereas the growth rate is identical for isometric growth, it is not for allometric growth.
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Which of the following is not an example of how bacteria aid in the nitrogen cycle
changing nitrogen compounds into atmospheric nitrogen
nitrogen fixation
breaking down the tissue of dead organisms
infecting tissueanging nitrogen compounds into atmospheric nitrogen
Infecting tissue is not an example of how bacteria aid in the nitrogen cycle, so the correct option is D.
What is the nitrogen cycle?The nitrogen cycle is a process in which nitrogen is converted into different forms when it circulates through the biosphere, this can be through biological or physical processes. The nitrogen cycle includes fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
This nitrogen to be able to do this will have to enter through bacteria that converts it into biological forms that can be used, this process is called nitrogen fixation. This nitrogen will then be converted to ammonia and absorbed by plants to generate organic molecules.
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is D. infecting tissue.
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over 90% of urinary tract infections (utis) are caused by escherichia coli strains. utis are 14 times more common in women than in men. why do you think this is
Urinary tract infections are 14 times more common in women than men because a women's urethra is shorter than a man's. So bacteria can easily enter the urinary bladder.
What are urinary tract infections?
It is an infection that occurs in any part of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These are mostly caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and bladder which causes inflammation and infection.
Most of the urinary tract infections occur in the lower urinary tract- the bladder and the urethra.
Symptoms of urinary tract infections include:
A strong urge to urinate that doesn't go awayA burning feeling when urinatingUrinating often and small amountsUrine looks cloudyUrine appears red, bright pink that gives signs of blood in urineStrong-smelling urinePelvic pain in womenDrinking plenty of liquids mostly water leads to urinating more often and allowing bacteria to be flushed from the urinary tract before an infection can begin.
Hence due to the shorter urethra in women than men, Women are at greater risk of infection than men.
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when a vector that employs the lac z gene as a second marker is used in a cloning experiment, bacteria that harbor the recombinant dna will give rise to a. red colonies. b. blue colonies. c. all of the choices are correct. d. white colonies. 0.2 points
Bacteria that harbor the recombinant DNA will give rise to white colonies. Thus, option D is correct.
Bacteria develop on strong media as colonies. A colony is characterized as an obvious mass of microorganisms all beginning from a single mother cell, in this manner a colony constitutes a clone of microbes all hereditarily alike.
In the recognizable proof of microbes and organisms, much weight is put on how the life form develops in or on media. This workout will assist you to distinguish the social characteristics of a bacterium on an agar plate - called colony morphology.
Plasmids that are commonly utilized in quality cloning are around 3000 nucleotide sets in length, have an ampicillin resistance quality, and have a quality that encodes the protein beta-galactosidase.
The quality encoding this chemical is called the LacZ or blue color quality. The beta-galactosidase chemical will utilize galactose sugar as a substrate.
In case an uncommon form of this sugar called X-gal is put within the media, a flawless thing happens interior the microbes that have the blue color quality.
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So wind and rain make?
-extra water in the ocean
-different temperatures of water
-different parts of the ocean have different amounts of salt
-the same temperature and salt in all areas
Answer:
this means that you cant find the answer
Explanation:
is movement of carbon from the atmosphere to living things decreased
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
it is because of the atmosphere goes up the carbon decreases to living things. a living thing cannot go up 50,000 ft and have no carbon movement. in some spots the animals run out of carbon such as sand dunes ( on top ) so the answer is yes
if two genes are located on different chromosomes, what would you expect their recombination frequency to be? %
The expected recombination frequency for two genes located ok different chromosomes would be 50%.
We can inquire "What is the recombination frequency between them" for any two genes (or loci) alpha and beta. Answer would be 50% if the genes are located on distinct chromosomes (independent assortment). Recombination frequency will fall between 0 and 50% if the two genes are located on the same chromosome.
The frequency with which two genes on a chromosome recombine during meiosis is known as the recombination frequency. Recombination occurs relatively seldom when genes on a chromosome are near to one another. The frequency of recombination is 50% when the genes are distant from one another or are located on different chromosomes.
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explain how a carrier protein can facilitate the diffusion of glucose or other substances into the cell.
Specific chemicals are bound by carrier proteins and transferred on one side of the membrane. The conformational changes they go through next enable the molecule to cross the membrane and exit on the other side.
How carrier protein facilitate the diffusion?
When a molecule diffuses, it usually moves from a high concentration location to a low concentration area until the concentration is the same everywhere in the space.
Contrary to channel proteins, another form of membrane transport protein that is less selective in the molecules it transports, carriers are proteins that move a particular material through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across cells. Carrier proteins are found in lipid bilayer cell structures such cell membranes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, just like other membrane transport proteins.
Therefore, carrier proteins can facilitate the diffusion of glucose or other substances into the cell.
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according to the trichromatic theory of color vision, when you view a yellow light, which cones in your retina will begin to fire at high rates? group of answer choices green red and green red and blue blue and green
According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, when we view a yellow light L cones (blue and green) in our retina will begin to fire at high rates.
As an alternative, the L and M cones locate basically all wavelengths of seen mild, and excessive L and M cone responses each making contributions to growing a yellow color sign all through the center and long wavelength components of the spectrum.
The trichromatic concept of shade vision, first discussed by means of younger and Helnotz, postulates that there are 3 one of a kind retinal cones in the attention which might be touchy to blue, inexperienced, and purple, respectively. These findings suggest that L cones signal reddish orange, M cones signal greenish blue, and S cones sign bluish pink.
The trichromatic concept of color imaginative and prescient turned into created with the aid of younger and Helmnotz and is a theory of color vision that assumes that there are handiest 3 forms of cones, each most effectively activated with the aid of wavelength stages of mild corresponding roughly to blue, inexperienced, and pink.
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in mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons froma) the stroma to the photosystem ii.b) the matrix to the stroma.c) the stroma to the thylakoid space.d) the intermembrane space to the matrix.e) the thylakoid space to the stroma.
In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the stroma to the thylakoid space.
Chloroplast is the inexperienced organelle withinside the flora wherein photosynthesis occurs, via which flora made meals autotrophically through photosynthesis.Chemiosmosis: the mechanism wherein the ions, consisting of H+ circulate throughout a membrane, ions movements down their electrochemical gradient.The technology of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the switch of H+ throughout a membrane for the duration of photosynthesis wherein chemiosmosis translocates protons from the stroma to the thylakoid space.To learn more about chloroplast, click here:
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Which of the following most accurately represents the relationship between externalities and agricultural economics?
externalities, like ecological services, are considered to be “free” and of no economic concern to the grower
externalities are a net positive to communities due to the extra employment that results from the need to remediate them
there is increasing pressure on growers to reduce their production costs by using methods that increase externalities
there is increasing pressure to include the cost of externalities in evaluations of the economy of agriculture
Answer:
D. There is increasing pressure to include the cost of externalities in evaluations of the economy of agriculture
Explanation:
You want to know an accurate representation of the relationship between externalities and agricultural economics.
ExternalitiesExternalities are costs or benefits that accrue to third parties not involved in the production or use of products of agriculture. They include impacts on natural resources, wildlife and ecosystem biodiversity, and human health, among others. A 2004 study estimated the costs in these areas in the US to be between $29 and $96 per hectare of cropland.
These costs are borne by society at large, and are rarely charged back to farmers or agricultural supply companies.
AwarenessAs public awareness increases regarding these costs, pressure tends to be put on growers and livestock suppliers, and their suppliers, to reduce the adverse effects of their operations. That is ...
... there is increasing pressure to include the cost of externalities in evaluations of the economy of agriculture
which of the following is correct about primary and secondary metabolism? group of answer choices primary and secondary metabolism are both essential for all plants to survive over the short-term (days) seondary metabolism is essential for short-term survival (days) but primary metabolism is different for different species and is only important for longer term survival including reproduction primary metabolism is common to all plants but secondary metabolism may be different in different plants primary metabolism involves pathways which were discovered first, secondary metabolism involves pathways which were discovered later
It is true that "Primary metabolism is common to all plants but secondary metabolism may be different in different plants."
The immediate outcomes of metabolic activities are referred to as metabolites. Enzymes in our bodies act as catalysts for these to carry out particular tasks. These metabolites are divided into two broad categories, primary and secondary, due to the body's numerous processes.
Primary Metabolites: Primary metabolites are produced as a result of the fundamental metabolic functions induced by body enzymes. Your body's functions, like cell growth, are aided by these in turn. Additionally, these metabolites aid in cellular activity maintenance.
Secondary Metabolites: Primary metabolites produce byproducts known as secondary metabolites. Naturally, these are not directly involved in bodily functions like cell growth and maintenance. Consequently, they also do not constitute central metabolites.
Basic life processes involve primary plant metabolites; Consequently, they are roughly comparable in all living cells. Secondary plant metabolites, on the other hand, are products of subsidiary pathways like the shikimic acid pathway.
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PLS ANSWER AS FAST AS U CAN !!
Answer:
16 protons and 16 neutrons
uag (as well as uaa and uga) is an example of a stop codon. molecules called release factors bind to stop codons. place the release factor on the mrna molecule. what happens?
The molecules will go away and a protein is created.
The stop codons in the genetic code are UGA, UAG, and UAA. These stop codons indicate the conclusion of the polypeptide chain during translation. There is no amino acid coded by these codons. As a result, they are also known as nonsense or termination codons.
These stop codons have been referred to as umber or opal (UAG), ochre (UAA), and amber (UAG) (UGA). Charles Steinberg and Richard Epstein made Amber public (UAG). To continue the idea of "colors names," they gave the remaining two stop codons the names ochre (UAA) and opal (UAG) while naming the product amber. During protein synthesis, stop codons allow the ribosome to release the newly synthesized polypeptide chain. This occurs because there are no tRNAs that have an anticodon that matches the stop codon.
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the mauna loa volcano of hawaii frequently releases lava that kills many surrounding plants. after the lava hardens, plant life returns to the mountainside. this is known as
The provided example is of primary succession. When a fresh area of land is developed or exposed for the first time, this is referred to as primary succession.
primary succession is the first stage of ecological succession following a severe disturbance, which often occurs in an environment devoid of plants and other species. These environments are typically devoid of soil, as disturbances such as lava flow or retreating glaciers deplete the environment of nutrients.
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how to find the mean mass?
2.5 ÷ 1.5x10^4 = .000167 g = answer
each round of pcr doubles the number of dna molecules present in the reaction. how many molecules can be generated from two of your dna template molecules after 4 cycles?
When using the PCR method, a single DNA molecule can be amplified up to 2n times, where n is the number of cycles. As a result, a given DNA template can be amplified to 16 duplicate strands using PCR for 4 cycles.
How many DNA copies are created from the original DNA after four cycles?Each cycle results in the doubling of the number of double-stranded DNA fragments, resulting in 2n (2 to the n:th power) copies of DNA after n cycles. As an illustration, after four cycles, you have 16 copies, after twenty cycles, you have roughly one million copies, etc.
At the conclusion of cycle 4, how many fragments are there?Keep an eye on what transpires following cycle four. Currently, we have two duplicates of the original, six fragments of unknown length, and eight of the target pieces! Despite not being visible until the third cycle, the target is growing more quickly than the other two.
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a biologist intends to use pcr to perform a task. the biologist probably is trying to choose one: a. cut dna into many small fragments. b. make many copies of a dna fragment. c. separate dna fragments from one another. d. isolate dna from a living cell.
A biologist intends to use PCR to perform a task. the biologist probably is use Make many copies of a DNA fragment. The correct option is (B).
A given segment of DNA can be rapidly multiplied (amplified) to millions or billions of copies using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allowing for more in-depth analysis. In PCR, the part of the genome to be amplified is selected using short synthetic fragments of DNA called primers. Several rounds of DNA synthesis are then used to amplify this segment.
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A student noticed that placing wilted lettuce in a bowl of cool water caused the lettuce to become more crisp and firm. What is the best explanation for his observation?.
In the phenomenon of wilted lettuce leaves became fresh after soaking in cold water is also known as osmosis.
How is osmosis process?Re-freshing lettuce through cold water, called by osmosis process. this phenomenon happen because lettuce has a more concentrated medium and has a higher hypoosmotic pressure, so that water is absorbed into the lettuce.In a more general explanation, lettuce itself consist of >80% water content, besides that lettuce is a leaf-shaped plant and has high evaporation of water through natural openings, the width of the leaves owned by this lettuce affects the rapid rate of evaporation of water and the wilting process. The natural opening mechanism that occurs is also influenced by temperature, air, and humidity. At increased temperatures, the openings that occur will be larger so that the decay process takes place more quickly and vice versa. Therefore lettuce becomes fresh when soaked in cold water.However, this method cannot be implemented on all vegetables, especially on vegetables that do not go through the wilting process before rotting.Learn more about osmosis here: brainly.com/question/10260811
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icosahedral symmetry of viral capsids is achieved by arranging viral capsomer proteins in what geometric arrangement?
Symmetry of icosahedral viral capsids is triangle.
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic cloth. It includes several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits fabricated from protein called protomers. The observable three-dimensional morphological subunits, which may also or won't correspond to individual proteins, are known as capsomeres.
Viral capsids are nanometre-sized packing containers that own complicated mechanical houses and whose important function is to encapsidate the viral genome in a single host, to move it and to finally release it internal every other host mobile.
Capsid formation takes place via a nucleation procedure pushed by means of the favorable binding energy between capsid proteins.
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