Answer:
a
Explanation:
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(a) which kind of mechanism can better account for the product mixture obtained from the dehydration of cis- and trans-4-methylcyclohexanol: e1, e2, or a combination of the two? (keep in mind that the actual mech-anism may be none of these.) (b) based on your answer, write detailed mechanisms explaining the formation of all of the observed products
E1 mechanism can better account for the product mixture obtained from the dehydration of cis- and trans-4-methylcyclohexanol.
The reaction for the dehydration of cis-4-methylcyclohexanol is depicted as follows: (image 1)
In the above reaction, cis-4-methylcyclohexanol reacts with sulfuric acid and produces (S)-4-methylcyclohex-1-ene and (R)-4-methylcyclohex-1-ene.
Mechanism (image 2)
In the above reaction, the lone pair of the oxygen atom of cis-4-methylcyclohexanol accepts a proton from sulfuric acid. After that, carbocation is generated after the removal of water. Then, the hydrogen sulfate ion accepts the hydrogen and produces two alkene products. The products are (S)- 4-methylcyclohex-1-ene and (R)-4-methylcyclohex-1-ene. The above mechanism proceeds through the E1 mechanism.
Hence, the product mixture is obtained from cis-4-methylcyclohexanol through E1 mechanism.
b) The reaction for the dehydration of trans-4-methylcyclohexanol can be summarised as follows: (image 3) In such a reaction, trans-4-methylcyclohexanol reacts with sulfuric acid and produces (R)- 4-methylcyclohex-1-ene and (S)-4-methylcyclohex-1-ene.
The above mechanism shows that the lone pair of the oxygen atom of trans-4-methylcyclohexanol accepts a proton from sulfuric acid. Then, carbocation is generated after the removal of water. After that, hydrogen sulfate ion accepts the hydrogen and produces two alkene products. The products are (R)- 4-methylcyclohex-1-ene and (S)-4-methylcyclohex-1-ene. The mechanism proceeds through the E1 mechanism.
Hence, the product mixture is obtained from trans-4-methylcyclohexanol through E1 mechanism.
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Sean is moving heavy furniture by sliding it
across the floor. He puts a blanket
underneath the furniture. Why did this help
him?
Answer:
the blanket let's him slide it across the floor because the has less friction with the floor than the furniture.
Answer:
Blanket underneath the furniture may reduce the kinetic friction
Explanation:
When sliding an object across a surface, the force of kinetic friction will oppose the movement of the object.
By placing a blanket between the object and the surface, the kinetic friction coefficient may be reduced.
Therefore, putting a blanket underneath the furniture may reduce the kinetic friction coefficient, then making it easier to slide the forniture.
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2) Choose the appropriate tool for the situation. volume of a cube. (1 anemometer) (2 graduated cylinder) (3 thermometer) (4 petri dish)
the appropriate tool for the situation. volume of a cube is graduated cylinder
A popular piece of scientific equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid is a graduated cylinder, sometimes referred to as a measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder. Its form is slender and cylindrical. The measured liquid amount is indicated by each marked line on the graduated cylinder. An item of laboratory equipment known as a measuring cylinder, graduated cylinder, cylinder measurement, or mixing cylinder is used to measure the amount of liquids, chemicals, or solutions during routine lab work. Compared to standard laboratory flasks and beakers, graduated cylinders are more exact and accurate.
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If the density of a piece of an object is 2.16 g/cm³, will the item float or sink in pure water?
Answer:
sink
Explanation:
Answer: It will sink
The object has density of 2.16 g/cm³
water has a density of 1 g/cm³
since the density of the object is higher than that of water, it will sink.
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A scientist wants to determine the effect of fertilizer on plant growth. She plants two rows of corn for experimentation. She puts fertilizer on row 1 but does not put fertilizer on row 2. Both rows receive the same amount of water and light intensity. She checks the growth of the corn over the course of 5 months and measures the height of the plants in centimeters. Row 1 increased in height by 28.1 cm. Row 2 increased in height by 13.4 cm.
What should the scientist conclude from this experiment?
A Fertilizer has no effect on the corn’s growth
B The reason for Row 1’s increase in height cannot be determined
C Row 2 didn’t grow as high because it needed more light
D Fertilizer helps increase corn’s height
Answer:
Correct answer is option D.
Explanation:
As we know when we are doing experiments we have a group or groups where we will be testing our treatment and one that will have the same conditions but without treatment, so we can compare groups, the present case is no exception, the control group is row 2 and the test subject row 1, there is difference between rows, to be sure that the fertilizer has an effect, we could do a statistical test, however, the preliminary results show a difference, so we can say that the correct answer is option D.
All of these are factors that affect the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) EXCEPT:
a. Mass number
b. The type of orbital an electron occupies
c. The number of core electrons
d. The number of valence electrons
e. Atomic number
The correct answer is option A: mass number
All of these factors affect the effective nuclear charge except mass number.
In physics, an atom has a dense positive-charged nucleus that exerts a definite amount of force on the electrons.
In a multi-electron atom, electrons move around the nucleus and experience a force that attracts them toward the center of the atom.
Outermost electrons are attracted by the positively charged nucleus however, the electron in the internal orbits exert an equal amount of force that negates the force of attraction of the nucleus.
There are many factors that affect the nuclear charge including electrons charge, charge on the nucleus, the distance between the nucleus and electrons, and the kind of orbital occupied by the electron.
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An element has two stable isotopes. One has a mass of 13.00 amu and is 1.07% abundant. The second has a mass of 12.00 amu and is 98.93% abundant. What is the average atomic mass of the element?
The the average atomic mass of the elements is 12.01, one has a mass of 13.00 amu and is 1.07% abundant. The second has a mass of 12.00 amu and is 98.93% abundant.
What is abundant?The distribution of the chemical elements in relation to all other elements in a given environment is gauged by their abundance. Amount can be determined in one of three ways: by mass-fraction (the same as weight-fraction), by mole-fraction (fraction of atoms by numerical count, or occasionally fraction of molecules in gases), or by volume-fraction.
For gas mixtures at relatively low densities and pressures, such as those found in planetary atmospheres, volume-fraction is a common abundance measure. It has a similar significance to molecular mole-fraction for ideal gas mixtures. The majority of abundant values are presented in this article as mass-fractions.
To calculate the average atomic weight, each isotopic atomic weight is multiplied by its percent abundance, and then added to find the average atomic mass that is
Amu[tex]_{avr}[/tex] = (13.00)(1.07%) + (12.00)(98.93%)
= (13.00)(0.0107) + (12.00)(0.9893)
= 12.0107 amu
= 12.01 amu
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Yes or No: Copper burns in a flame emitting bright white sparks
No : Copper burns in a flame emitting bright white sparks.
Copper burns in flame emitting blue - green color. When we burn copper , we provide heat and the atomic level we are providing energy to the electrons gets excited to the higher energy level. that is excited state and we know that excited is state is unstable , the electron will return to its lower energy state from higher energy state after sometime. the energy is released in this process in the form of photon of specific wavelength emit color. The wavelength that copper emitted is the blue - green color.
Thus, No : Copper burns in a flame emitting bright white sparks.
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Elemental silicon can be produced by the reduction of silicon
dioxide in an electrical arc furnace with carbon:
calculate the yield:
Si0, + C - 2C0 + Si
SiC + 2CO = Si02 + 3C (7).
2C + SiO = 2C + CO (8). A typical submerged-arc furnace process involves adding a nearly stoichiometric mixture of silica and carbon.
How do we figure out yield?
You may get the percent yield using the following formula to express the effectiveness of a reaction: Yield percentage is calculated as (actual yield/theoretical yield) multiplied by 100. A 90% percent yield means that 10% of the resources were lost and that the reaction was 90% efficient (they failed to react, or their products were not captured).
Divide the theoretical yield by the experimental yield. Calculate the percent yield by multiplying this value by 100.
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you are in charge of a plant that makes methyl bromide, ch3br. this compound is used as a fumigant for nematodes. the thermochemical equation for the reaction is:
The product of this reaction can be maximized by;
1) Heating the system
2) Removal of some of the products of the reaction.
What is the step to maximize the product?We know that a reaction is propelled in the forward or the reverse direction by the use of certain methods that see to it that the reaction moves in the forward or the reverse direction.
In this case, we can see that it is an endothermic reaction thus if we heat the system, then the reaction would be driven forward. If we remove some of the product, then the equilibrium would be driven to the right hand side.
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Scientists used to believe that chemical reactions fueled the sun. Why did this lead them to believe that the sun was very young? What kind of reactions do we now think are responsible for the energy released by the sun? In one to two sentences, explain your reasoning.
The energy produced by the sun is the result of nuclear reactions that produce large amounts of energy.
A particular type of nuclear fusion that occurs within the Sun is known as proton-proton fusion. Inside the Sun this process begins with protons and, through a series of steps, fuses these protons into helium. In a chemical reaction, reactants come into contact with each other, bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and the atoms rearrange to form new bonds to produce products.
Part of the mass of the hydrogen atom is converted into energy in the form of light. The same process occurs in thermonuclear fusion bombs. Under the sun, the process is controlled. In a bomb, everything happens at once in a big chain reaction, with nuclear fusion reactions powering the sun and other stars. In a nuclear fusion reaction, two light nuclei fuse into one heavy nucleus. The total mass of the resulting single nucleus is less than the mass of the original two nuclei.
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A ________ is used to show the number and types of atoms present in a molecule
Which of the following illustrates how we can miss things even if they are clearly visible?
a. Inattentional blindness
b. Illusory conjunctions
c. Change blindness
d. Binding
A. Inattentional blindness is how we can miss things even if they are clearly visible.
Inattentional blindness is failing to see objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.
A person experiences inattentional blindness or perceptual blindness (occasionally referred to as inattentive blindness) when they are unable to recognize an unexpected stimulus that is right in front of them without the aid of vision problems or deficiencies.
We all occasionally suffer from inattentional blindness, which might occur in the following circumstances: You believe you are paying attention to the road, but you miss the automobile swerving into your lane of traffic because you were distracted, which leads to a collision. You are taking in a historical drama with a Greek setting.
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A sample of neon gas has a pressure of 0.75atm at a temperature of 100K. The sample is heated to 400K. What is the pressure of the gas after it is heated?
The pressure of the gas after it is heated is 3 atm.
Strain is the pressure applied perpendicular to the floor of an object in step with the unit area over which that force is sent. Gauge pressure is the stress relative to ambient stress. various gadgets are used for specific stress.
Stress is described as the pressure of all of the gasoline particle/wall collisions divided by using the vicinity of the wall: All gases exert stress; it is one of the fundamental measurable quantities of this segment of relying on.
Stress is the bodily quantity of pressure that unfolds over a certain region. In different words, strain is a force in line with unit location. in case you take the amount of pressure being carried out on a frame, and divide it by the region of contact, you'll arrive at the pressure being carried out on the frame.
PV = nRT
P₁ = 0.75atm
T₁ = 100K
T₂ = 400K
V,n, and R is constant
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
P₂ = P₁/T₁ × T₂
= 0.75atm / 100K × 400K
Pressure = 3 atm.
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what mass of calcium carbonate (in grams) can be dissolved by 4.1 g of hcl ? ( hint : begin by writing a balanced equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate.)
Mass of calcium carbonate (in grams) can be dissolved by 4.1 g of Hcl is 5.62g.
What is balanced equation?A balanced equation is one for a chemical reaction in which the overall charge and the number of atoms for each component are the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and charge of both sides of the reaction are equal.
The reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid can be expressed through the chemical reaction,
CaCO₃ + 2HCl --> CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂
Hydrochloric acid has a molecular weight of 36.45 g/mol compared to calcium carbonate's molecular weight of 100 g/mol. According to the equation above, 72.9 g of hydrochloric acid may dissolve 100 g of calcium carbonate.
x = (4.1 g HCl)(100 g CaCO3 / 72.9 HCl)
x = 5.62 g.
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List two differences between a recipe for baking a cake and a chemical reaction.
don't g0 0gle.
The main difference between a recipe for baking a cake and a chemical reaction is that baking a cake is a chemical change whereas a chemical reaction may be a chemical and physical change.
The similarities between a recipe for baking a cake and a chemical reaction is that the molecules react with each other and in both new substances are formed at the end.
How is baking a cake similar to a chemical reaction?
When you bake a cake, the ingredients pass through a chemical change. A chemical change occurs when the molecules are rearranged to form a new substance. When you start baking, you have many ingredients. Baking a cake is a chemical change because the ingredients rearrange to form a new substance which is not reversed. The sugar, flour, and eggs can't be separated from each other. The properties of the materials have changed so it is considered as a chemical change.
So we can conclude that baking a cake and a chemical reaction is different due to the presence of chemical change whereas chemical reactions have both chemical and physical change. The similarity between a recipe for baking a cake and a chemical reaction is that in both new substances are formed at the end.
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Question 2 While reading through a strange textbook on alien currency, you encounter the following word problem:
You are on an alien planet where the names for substances and the units of measures are very unfamiliar.
Nonetheless, you obtain 13 quibs of a substance called skvarnick.
You can trade this skvarnick for gold coins, but the vendors all measure skvarnick in units of sleps; not quibs.
5 quibs is equal to 7 sleps.
If you have 13 quibs of skvarnick, how many sleps do you have?
Based on the word problem above, what is it that you have to convert TO? What is it that you want to have after the conversion process?
Question 2 options:
A.13 quibs
B. 5 quibs
C.quibs
D.5 quibs = 7 sleps
E.7 sleps
F.sleps
I have 5 quibs = 7 sleps. Option D.
Most denominations accept baptisms performed by another denomination. In most cases baptism must have been in the name of water and the Trinity. Such converts are usually received through formal ceremonies. This usually includes denominational communion and sometimes confirmation as well.
Transformation is a process, not an event. Conversion is the result of righteous efforts to follow the Savior. These efforts include exercising faith in Jesus Christ repenting of our sins being baptized receiving the gift of the Holy Ghost, and enduring in faith to the end. A company's transformation process includes activities related to transforming resources into goods and services.
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X-rays, Green light, Blue light, ultraviolet light
3. Which of the above forms of radiation has
The most energy
The longest wavelength
The highest frequency
X-rays have the most energy, ultraviolet light has the shortest wavelength, and gamma rays have the highest frequency.
What is ultraviolet?
The wavelength of ultraviolet (UV) radiation ranges from 10 nanometers (nm; corresponding frequency: 30 PHz) to 400 nanometers (nm; corresponding frequency: 750 THz), which is shorter than the wavelength of visible light but longer than the wavelength of X-rays. Sunlight contains UV radiation, which makes up around 10% of the Sun's overall electromagnetic radiation output. Electric arcs and specialty lighting, such mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights, can also produce it. Long-wavelength UV can trigger chemical reactions and make many things light or fluoresce even though it is not thought of as an ionising radiation since its photons lack the energy to ionise atoms.
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Is the bright line spectrum a physical or chemical property
Answer: Physical Chemistry
Explanation: The spectrum of an incandescent substance appearing on a spectrogram as one or more bright lines against a dark background.
The bright line spectrum is a physical property of an element because it exhibits the physical appearance of an element.
What is the bright line spectrum?The formation of a bright line spectrum when a light beam passes through an analyte sample and some of the light is absorbed by the atoms present in the sample which excites the electrons to the higher energy states.
As the excited electron of an atom returns to the ground state, the energy is released in the form of discrete or quantized lines of light. Spectral lines are generated by the transitions of electrons within atoms.
As the electrons move closer or farther from the nucleus of an atom, energy in the form of light is absorbed or emitted. A continuous spectrum has accompanied the light of all wavelengths within a certain range whereas a line spectrum only contains only a few wavelengths.
Therefore, the bright line spectrum is considered a physical property of an element because of the occurrence in the physical appearance of that element.
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Using periodic trends, place the following bonds in order of increasing ionic character. S-cl se-cl o-cl.
The following bonds in order of increasing ionic character is
O - Cl < S - Cl < Se - Cl
What is ionic character ?The difference in the electronegativity of two atoms that are covalently bound is referred to as the ionic character.
One way to calculate the percent ionic character is to multiply the measured dipole moment by the value of eR, then multiply that result by 100.Because it has the greatest ionic character, theoretically, CsF (Cesium Fluoride) is the compound with the most ionic character. Since Cs is the least electronegative element and fluorine has the highest electronegativity (4.0 on the Pauling scale), they combine to form a 92% ionic bond.Learn more about Ionic character here:
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If a gas at 293.0 K occupies 4.60 liters at a pressure of 3.00 atm, what will be its volume at a pressure of 4.50 atm?
a
3.07 L
b
2.93 L
c
6.90 L
d
4.72 L
There are so many gas laws like Charles's law, Avogadro’s law and many more, out of which Boyle's law is one of the most important law among all gas laws. The volume of gas at 4.50atm is 3.06 liters
What is Boyle's law?
According to Boyle's law pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant Temperature. It is applicable only on the ideal gases. Since temperature is constant here, we can apply this law
Mathematically
[tex]P_{1} V_{1} =P_{2} V_{2}[/tex]
[tex]P_{1}[/tex]= 3.0atm
[tex]V_{1}[/tex]=4.60liters
[tex]P_{2}[/tex]=4.50atm
[tex]V_{2}[/tex]=unknown pressure
Putting all values
(3.00 atm×4.60 liters)÷4.50atm=[tex]V_{2}[/tex]
3.06 liters=[tex]V_{2}[/tex]
Thus the volume of gas at 4.50atm is 3.06 liters
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the narrow
4. A student forgot to measure the mass of an empty 100 mL beaker before adding about 2 g of a
chemical to it, and decided to simply obtain the mass of another empty 100 mL beaker instead.
Would this be a satisfactory alternative? Why or why not?
Answer:
No
Explanation:
This would not be a satisfactory alternative because the weight of beakers vary greatly. One beaker may be a whole gram or five grams heavier than the other, even if they are both 100 ml beakers. So, if the weight of another 100ml beaker was used, an amount that is probably not 2 grams would be measured.
Answer:
Yes, if the 100 mL beaker in question is an exact copy and the same product. However, different manufacturers will use different materials, models, etc which may all lead to variation in measurements among 100 mL beakers.
MnO2 + 4HCl = Cl2 + MnCl2 + 2H20How many moles of HCl will react with 4.50 moles of MnO2
Since we have been given the balanced reaction, we can just follow the stoichimetry of the reaction to calculate it.
By the stoichimetry, 1 mol of MnO₂ reacts with 4 moles of HCl. using Rule of three, we have:
1 mol MnO₂ --- 4 mol HCl
4.50 mol MnO₂ --- x
[tex]\begin{gathered} \frac{1mol}{4.50mol}=\frac{4mol}{x} \\ x=(\frac{4.50\cdot4}{1})mol \\ x=18mol \end{gathered}[/tex]So, 18 moles of HCl will react with 4.5 moles od MnO₂ (assuming complete reaction).
Transition metals can be found in Families 3 through 12 on the periodic table. What property do transition metals share?
Answer:
most of them form coloured compound
If a rock has volume of 78 cm3 and a mass of 158 g, what is the density of the rock
Answer:
2.03 g/cm3
Explanation:
d = m/V = 158/78 = 2.02564102564 or 2.03 g/cm3
Part D: Challenge
An unknown mixture is set in a beaker on the teacher's table. Describe the five different parts of the
mixture and how we can separate it.
Separation techniques include handpicking, threshing, winnowing, and sieving, Evaporation, Distillation.
Sedimentation or Filtration, Filtering Funnel.
How to seperate differenent types of mixture in a beaker :Key ideas and a summary Using techniques like evaporation, distillation, filtration, and chromatography, which employ variations in the components of a mixture's physical qualities to separate them, mixtures can be physically separated.
Sedimentation, filtration, crystallization, distillation, diffusion, panning, magnetic separation, and adsorption are a few of the methods used to separate materials. A substance is said to be pure when a sample of it has been purified of all other types of material.To know more about Seperatation of mixture please click here ; https://brainly.com/question/11859222
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Vinegar (assume a pH ~4) contains __________times as many H+ ions as pure water (assume a pH ~7)
Based on its pH value, vinegar contains 1000 times as many H⁺ ions as pure water.
The pH value of a solution is a negative decimal logarithm of its concentration of H⁺ (or H₃O⁺, hydronium ions). This means that the concentration of H⁺ ions in vinegar is 1 * 10⁻⁴ M, while in water it is equal to 1 * 10⁻⁷ M.
Obviously, the concentration is higher in vinegar, and to calculate just how many times higher, we divide it by the concentration in water:
1 * 10⁻⁴ M / 1 * 10⁻⁷ M = 1 * 10³
1 * 10³ = 1000
So, the concentration of H⁺ is 1000 times higher in vinegar than it is in water.
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3. Is the bright line spectra a physical or chemical property? Explain.
The bright line spectra is a physical property of an element because it occurs in the physical appearance of an element.
What is the bright line spectrum in physics?A bright line spectrum is formed when a light beam passes through an analyte sample where some wavelengths of the light are absorbed by the atoms present in the sample which leads to attaining the excited state of the electrons in those atoms. As the excited electron returns to the ground state, the energy that was absorbed is released in the form of discrete lines of light. Spectral lines are formed by the transitions of electrons within atoms. As the electrons move closer to the nucleus or farther from the nucleus of an atom, energy in the form of light is emitted or absorbed. A continuous spectrum comprises lights of all wavelengths within a certain range whereas a line spectrum only consists of a few wavelengths.
So we can conclude that due to the occurrence in the physical appearance of an element, the bright line spectra are considered as a physical property of an element.
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State, in terms of subatomic particles, how an atom of cu-63 differs from an atom of cu-65?
Cu-63 atoms are different from Cu-65 atoms in that they contain 2 or fewer less neutrons. Cu-63 and Cu-65 have 34 and 36 neutrons, respectively, in each atom.
The atomic number of copper is 29, and it has the mass number 63. The mass number is equal to the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus, while the atomic number refers to the quantity of protons in the nucleus. This indicates that the nucleus of the copper atom contains 34 neutrons and 29 protons, for a total of 63 protons. This atom has the mass number 63 because it is a copper-63 atom. The number that corresponds to that element on the predictable serves as the atomic number, which is the same for every atom of a given element.
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Why are total solar eclipses rare as compared to the total lunar eclipse?
Answer:
Earth casts a much larger shadow on the Moon during a lunar eclipse than the Moon casts on Earth during a solar eclipse
Explanation:
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